NO129240B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO129240B NO129240B NO17052667A NO17052667A NO129240B NO 129240 B NO129240 B NO 129240B NO 17052667 A NO17052667 A NO 17052667A NO 17052667 A NO17052667 A NO 17052667A NO 129240 B NO129240 B NO 129240B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- compressed
- fabric
- coating
- coated
- Prior art date
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 styrene compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940088990 ammonium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920013646 Hycar Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=O ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006385 Geon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWKNLRXFUTWSOY-QPJJXVBHSA-N (e)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWKNLRXFUTWSOY-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCTAQKAIVAJELI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromoethene;1,1-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C.BrC(Br)=C BCTAQKAIVAJELI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHHJQVRGRPHIMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound C=CC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHHJQVRGRPHIMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCS(O)(=O)=O PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSHISXQEKIKSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN XSHISXQEKIKSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXLZNKULUVFFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCOC(=O)C=C DXLZNKULUVFFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRPWBRTVAAZEIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(N)COC(=O)C=C MRPWBRTVAAZEIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEGBJJAEQAEXLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO VEGBJJAEQAEXLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethenylbenzene Chemical compound COC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHPHBMZZXHFXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SHPHBMZZXHFXDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical compound OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQTFHSAAODFMHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCOC(=O)C=C GQTFHSAAODFMHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGBOOXGRFQQAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(ethylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCNCCCOC(=O)C=C RGBOOXGRFQQAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDHNYUGSOBTFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(methylamino)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CNC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C FDHNYUGSOBTFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHLPAZGPWXFDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(methylamino)butyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C SHLPAZGPWXFDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBYDTXAELLOCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(methylamino)propyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CNCCCOC(=O)C=C IBYDTXAELLOCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFOFBPRPOAWWPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCO XFOFBPRPOAWWPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrolein Chemical compound CC(=C)C=O STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical class CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000181 anti-adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005518 carboxamido group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CVUNPKSKGHPMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-chloroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Cl)=C CVUNPKSKGHPMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001056 green pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFTZCGHPHVIVHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNCCOC(=O)C(C)=C FFTZCGHPHVIVHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGJBAJISQICDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KGJBAJISQICDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVWUEIUNONATML-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzylethenamine Chemical compound C=CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 BVWUEIUNONATML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005420 sulfonamido group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)(N*)* 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/38—Destruction of cell membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
for fremstilling av stoffer med et ryggbelegg. Ifølge de vanlige fremgangsmåter som nå anvendes,, behandles et stoff eller et substrat med en flytende (i motsetning til en skummet) emulsjon av et polymert materiale, hvoretter belegget på. det behandlede stoff herdes og tørkes. De belagte stoffer som fremstilles ved disse fremgangsmåter har imidlertid en rekke ulemper og har dessuten nokså begrenset anvendelse. Som eksempel kan nevnes at vanlige polymere belegg som fremstilles ved ovennevnte fremgangsmåte, har den ulempe at de har en tendens til.å trenge for langt inn i stoffet, noe som gjør at dette lett blir for stivt. Det har også vist seg vanskelig å få fremstilt full- for the production of fabrics with a backing. According to the usual methods now used, a substance or substrate is treated with a liquid (as opposed to a foamed) emulsion of a polymeric material, after which the coating is applied. the treated fabric is cured and dried. However, the coated substances produced by these methods have a number of disadvantages and also have rather limited use. As an example, it can be mentioned that ordinary polymeric coatings produced by the above-mentioned method have the disadvantage that they tend to penetrate too far into the fabric, which means that it easily becomes too stiff. It has also proved difficult to produce complete
stendig ensartede belegg. Stoffbelegg som mangler en slik ensartet ugjennomskinnelighet, gir bare svak beskyttelse mot sollys, hvorved stoffet lett underkastes farge- og styrkened-brytning foruten at nevnte stoffer dessuten blir dårlige isolatorer mot varme, kulde og trekk. Por å oppveie disse ulemper og for å sikre en fullstendig ugjennomskinnelighet, har det hittil vært nødvendig å anvende polymere sammensetninger for pålegning på stoffer eller andre substrater i relativt store mengder. Slike relativt tykke belegg kan resultere i voluminøse stoffer som lett blir for stive og dessuten dyrere enn om man hadde anvendt opp-skummede, polymere belegg. permanent uniform coatings. Fabric coverings that lack such uniform opacity only provide weak protection against sunlight, whereby the fabric is easily subject to color and strength degradation, in addition to said fabrics also becoming poor insulators against heat, cold and drafts. In order to offset these disadvantages and to ensure complete opacity, it has hitherto been necessary to use polymeric compositions for application to substances or other substrates in relatively large quantities. Such relatively thick coatings can result in voluminous substances that easily become too stiff and, moreover, more expensive than if foamed, polymeric coatings had been used.
Tidligere forsøk på å anvende skummede, polymere beleggPrevious attempts to use foamed, polymeric coatings
på forskjellige substrater, har resultert i belegg med dårlig adhesjon, og de var dessuten ikke i stand til å motstå gjentatt vasking og rensning. on different substrates, have resulted in coatings with poor adhesion, and they were also unable to withstand repeated washing and cleaning.
Ved hjelp av foreliggende fremgangsmåte er det mulig å fremstille en tekstilvevnad'med et lett, varig, ensartet og' ugjennomskinnelig ryggbelegg uten for sterk gjehnomtrengning til forsiden av nevnte vevnad, hvor dette belegg består av en sammenpresset, skummet polymerlateks istedenfor et heskyttelsesmateriale av den vanlige typen. Dette ryggbelegg danner en utmerket beskyttelse mot lysnedbrytning av vevnaden og det har.andre ønskelige egenskaper som f.eks. god varmeisolasjon, god resistens mot elding eller slitasje, foruten at det er . i stand til å motstå, gjentatt vasking eller tørrensing. De belagte vevnader er myke og føyelige.. By means of the present method, it is possible to produce a textile fabric with a light, durable, uniform and non-translucent back coating without too much penetration to the front of said fabric, where this coating consists of a compressed, foamed polymer latex instead of a heat protection material of the usual the type. This backing provides excellent protection against light degradation of the fabric and it has other desirable properties such as good thermal insulation, good resistance to aging or wear, besides that it is . able to withstand repeated washing or dry cleaning. The coated fabrics are soft and pliable.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebrågt' en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en belagt, permeabel tekstilvevnad hvor en vandig erriulsjons-polymerisert~ lateks-sammensetning bestående vesentlig av vann og polymer av en etylenisk umettet monomer og' inneholdende et vannoppløselig organisk overflateaktivt middel skummes ved lufthvirvling, idet nevnte overflateaktive middel vesentlig består av minst 40 vekt-% av et vannoppløselig salt av en mettet alkansyre med 18 karbonatomer, og det resulterende polymerskum påføres direkte på det permeable tekstilvevnads-substrat, og denne fremgangsmåte er kjennetegnet ved at skummet og substratet tørkes partielt til et fuktighetsinnhold på fra 3 til 20 vekt-/» According to the present invention, there is provided a method for the production of a coated, permeable textile fabric where an aqueous emulsion-polymerized latex composition consisting essentially of water and polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and containing a water-soluble organic surface-active agent is foamed by air swirling, wherein said surfactant essentially consists of at least 40% by weight of a water-soluble salt of a saturated alkanoic acid with 18 carbon atoms, and the resulting polymer foam is applied directly to the permeable textile fabric substrate, and this method is characterized by the foam and the substrate being partially dried to a moisture content of from 3 to 20 wt-/»
og skummet holdes i sin ekspanderte'form under tørkeprosessen uten vesentlig herding eller geldannelse, det partielt tørkede, uherdede polymerskum på substratet sammenpresses, og at det resulterende sammenpressede polymerskumbelagte substrat deretter oppvarmes for å herde polymerbelegget for derved å frembringe en myk, bøyelig og varig belagt tekstilvevnad med et tilklebende sammenpresset skumpolymer-belegg, hvilket belegg er ugjennomskinnelig med liten inntrengning og har en tetthet på fra 0,48 til 1,04 g/cm^. and the foam is kept in its expanded form during the drying process without significant curing or gelling, the partially dried, uncured polymer foam on the substrate is compressed, and that the resulting compressed polymer foam coated substrate is then heated to cure the polymer coating to thereby produce a soft, pliable and durable coated textile fabric with an adhesive compressed foam polymer coating, which coating is opaque with low penetration and has a density of from 0.48 to 1.04 g/cm 2 .
Man kunne neppe forutse at anvendelse av oppskummet og sammenpresset polymert materiale ville resultere i en myk og føyelig tekstilvevnad med ovennevnte enestående egenskaper. Man ville i virkeligheten vente nettopp det motsatte, idet man skulle anta at et ryggbelegg av skum på grunn av sin natur, lett skulle kunne nedbrytes og ikke skulle være særlig resistent overfor elding, slitasje eller gjentatt rensing eller vasking. Videre skulle man anta et en sammenpressing av det skummede ryggbelegg på vevnaden ville resultere i en forøket inntrengning av belegget. I motsetning til ovennevnte antagelser, har man imidlertid oppdaget at nettopp det motsatte skjer. One could hardly foresee that the use of foamed and compressed polymeric material would result in a soft and pliable textile fabric with the above-mentioned outstanding properties. In reality, one would expect just the opposite, as one would assume that a foam back covering, due to its nature, should be easily degraded and should not be particularly resistant to ageing, wear or repeated cleaning or washing. Furthermore, one would assume that a compression of the foamed back coating on the fabric would result in an increased penetration of the coating. Contrary to the above assumptions, however, it has been discovered that just the opposite happens.
Emulsjons-polymeriserte latekssammensetninger som anvendes som utgangsmaterialer i foreliggende oppfinnelse, innbefatter en blanding av en polymerisert lateksemulsjon eller blandinger av slike med et vannløselig overflateaktivt middel, dvs. en såpe, Emulsion-polymerized latex compositions used as starting materials in the present invention include a mixture of a polymerized latex emulsion or mixtures thereof with a water-soluble surfactant, i.e. a soap,
et emulgeringsmiddel eller et vaskemiddel eller blandinger av slike. I de benyttede emulsjons-polymeriserte latekssammensetninger er det ikke kritisk med hensyn til de spesielle bestanddeler per se eller med hensyn til de relative mengder av slike bestanddeler. an emulsifier or a detergent or mixtures thereof. In the emulsion-polymerized latex compositions used, it is not critical with regard to the particular constituents per se or with regard to the relative amounts of such constituents.
Det er-imidlertid innlysende at faktorer som f.eks. de spesielle egenskaper man ønsker i den endelige belagte vevnad, prisen på It is, however, obvious that factors such as e.g. the special properties desired in the final coated fabric, the price of
og tilgjengeligheten av de forskjellige ingredienser, anvend-barheten av forskjellige ingredienser i de forskjellige typer belegningsmaskineri som man har til sin disposisjon etc, vil " gjøre at man foretrekker en bestanddel fremfor en annen foruten de relative mengder av den eller de valgte bestanddeler. Man har f.eks. funnet at emulsjons-polymeriserte latekssammensetninger som inneholder ca. 100 deler (tørrvekt) av den polymeriserte lateksemulsjon i forhold til 0,5 til 10 deler (tørrvekt), fortrinnsvis fra 3-5 deler, av såpen eller det overflateaktive middel, normalt vil være tilstrekkelig til å oppnå belagte vevnader med ovennevnte ønskede egenskaper. and the availability of the different ingredients, the applicability of different ingredients in the different types of coating machinery that one has at one's disposal, etc., will "make one prefer one component over another, apart from the relative amounts of the selected component(s). One has e.g., it has been found that emulsion polymerized latex compositions containing about 100 parts (dry weight) of the polymerized latex emulsion to 0.5 to 10 parts (dry weight), preferably from 3 to 5 parts, of the soap or surfactant, will normally be sufficient to achieve coated webs with the above-mentioned desired properties.
Den polymeriserte lateksemulsjon som anvendes i foreliggende oppfinnelse, kan være enhver naturlig eller syntetisk lateksemulsjon, fortrinnsvis en som inneholder fra ho til 70 vekt-% med faste stoffer. Slike polymeriserte lateksemulsjoner er velkjente og lett tilgjengelige. Disse latekser fremstilles vanligvis ved å polymerisere minst to etylenisk umettede monomere. Eksempler på slike monomere er akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, itakonsyre, fumarsyre, maleinsyre, etylsyremaleat, 2-sulfoetylakrylat, 2-sulfoetylmetakrylat>2-aminoetylmetakrylat hydroklorid, 2-amino-etylakrylat hydroklorid, vinyl benzylamin, glycidyl metakrylat, hydroksystyren, akrolein, metakrolein, allyl alkohol, vinylbenzyl alkohol, 2-hydroksyetylakrylat, 2-hydroksyetyl metakrylat akrylamid, bis-N-metylol akrylamid, N-metylolakrylamid, N-metylolmetakrylamid, bis-N-metylolmetakrylamid, metakrylamid, N-3-hydroksy-etylakrylamid, N-g-hydroksyetyImetakrylamid, B-hydroksypropylakrylat, 8-hydroksypropylmetakrylat, -hydroksypropylakrylat, -hydroksypropylmetakrylat, 6-hydroksyheksylakrylat, 6-hydroksyheksylmetakry-lat, natriumstyrensulfonat, natrium a-metylstyrensulfonat, 2-metyl-aminoetylakrylat hydroklorid, 2-metylaminoetylmetakrylat hydroklorid, 3-metylaminopropylakrylat hydroklorid, 3-metylaminopropyl-metakrylat hydroklorid, 3-metylaminobutylakrylat hydroklorid, 3-metylaminobutylmetakrylat hydroklorid, 3-etylaminopropylakrylat hydroklorid og styren sulfonamid. The polymerized latex emulsion used in the present invention can be any natural or synthetic latex emulsion, preferably one containing from 0 to 70% by weight of solids. Such polymerized latex emulsions are well known and readily available. These latexes are usually prepared by polymerizing at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Examples of such monomers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ethyl acid maleate, 2-sulfoethyl acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate>2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, 2-aminoethyl acrylate hydrochloride, vinyl benzylamine, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxystyrene, acrolein, methacrolein, allyl alcohol, vinylbenzyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate acrylamide, bis-N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, bis-N-methylol methacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-3-hydroxy-ethylacrylamide, N-g-hydroxyethyl methacrylamide, B-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 8-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, -hydroxypropyl acrylate, -hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium a-methylstyrene sulfonate, 2-methyl-aminoethyl acrylate hydrochloride, 2-methylaminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, 3-methylaminopropyl acrylate hydrochloride, 3- methylaminopropyl methacrylate hydrochloride, 3-methylaminobutyl acrylate hydrochloride, 3-methylaminobutyl methacrylate hydr ochloride, 3-ethylaminopropyl acrylate hydrochloride and styrene sulfonamide.
Andre monomere som kan nevnes, er alkenylaromatiske forbindelser (styrenforbindelser), derivatene av etylenisk umettede syrer som f. eks. akr<y>ls<y>re.estere,. akr<y>ls<y>renitriler, maleinsyre-estere, fumarsyreestere, umettede alkoholestere, umettede ketoner, konjugerte olefiner og andre forbindelser som inneholder en eller flere etyleniske .bindinger som er i :stand til å delta i en addi-sjonspolymerisasjon. Spesifikke eksempler på slike etylenisk umettede forbindelser er styren,.a-metylstyren, ar-metylstyren, ar-etylstyren,. a-ar-dimetylstyren, ar,ar-dimetylstyren,. ar-t-butylstyren, vinylnaftalen, metoksystyren, cyanostyren, acetyl-styren, monoklorstyren, diklorstyren og andre halostyrener, metyl-metakrylat, etylakrylat, butylakrylat, heksylakrylat, 2-etylheksyl-akrylat, alurylmetakrylat, fenylakrylat, akrylonitril, metakrylo-nitril, etyl a-klorakrylat, dietylmaleat, polyglykolmaleat, vinyl-klorid, vinylbromid, vinylidenklorid vinylidenbromid, vinylmetyl-keton, metylisopropenylketon, vinyletylester, 1,3-butadien, iso-pren og lignende. Other monomers that can be mentioned are alkenylaromatic compounds (styrene compounds), the derivatives of ethylenically unsaturated acids such as e.g. akr<y>ls<y>re.esters,. Acrylonitriles, maleic acid esters, fumaric acid esters, unsaturated alcohol esters, unsaturated ketones, conjugated olefins and other compounds containing one or more ethylenic bonds which are capable of participating in addition polymerization. Specific examples of such ethylenically unsaturated compounds are styrene, α-methylstyrene, ar-methylstyrene, ar-ethylstyrene. a-ar-dimethylstyrene, ar,ar-dimethylstyrene,. ar-t-butylstyrene, vinylnaphthalene, methoxystyrene, cyanostyrene, acetylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and other halostyrenes, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, aluryl methacrylate, phenylacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethyl α-chloroacrylate, diethyl maleate, polyglycol maleate, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride vinylidene bromide, vinyl methyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ester, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and the like.
Det fremgår av de ovennevnte eksempler at nevnte monomere godt kan være substituert med reaktive grupper som f.eks. karboksy, sulfo, primært amino, sekundært amino, karboksamido, metylolkarboks-amido, sulfonamido, primært hydroksyl, sekundært hydroksyl, feno-lisk hydroksyl, aldehydiske og epoksygrupper, eller de kan være stubstituert med grupper som etter en polymerisasjon kan omdannes til slike reaktive grupper, f.eks. ester, nitril, amid, eller salt-grupper som kan hydrolyseres til reaktive syrer, aminer eller karboksylgrupper. It appears from the above-mentioned examples that said monomers may well be substituted with reactive groups such as e.g. carboxy, sulfo, primary amino, secondary amino, carboxamido, methylolcarboxamido, sulfonamido, primary hydroxyl, secondary hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, aldehydic and epoxy groups, or they may be stub-substituted with groups which, after polymerization, can be converted into such reactive groups , e.g. ester, nitrile, amide, or salt groups that can be hydrolyzed to reactive acids, amines or carboxyl groups.
Blant de mer foretrukne polymeriserte lateksemulsjoner som kan anvendes for å sikre optimale resultater, og da spesielt med hensyn til resistens overfor sollysnedbrytning og gjentatt vasking og rørrensning, er latekser av den type som vanlig benevnes reaktive latekser, som f.eks. karboksylerte latekser, og da spesielt akrylsyrelatekser, samt ikke-reaktive latekser som f.eks. halogenerte vinyllatekser, fortrinnsvis vinylkloridlatekser og vinylidenkloridlatekser, som på grunn av sine flammeresistente egenskaper og affinitet overfor fiberglass, gir flammeresistente stoffer eller substrater. Among the more preferred polymerized latex emulsions that can be used to ensure optimal results, and especially with regard to resistance to sunlight degradation and repeated washing and pipe cleaning, are latexes of the type commonly referred to as reactive latexes, such as e.g. carboxylated latexes, and especially acrylic acid latexes, as well as non-reactive latexes such as halogenated vinyl latexes, preferably vinyl chloride latexes and vinylidene chloride latexes, which, due to their flame-resistant properties and affinity towards fibreglass, provide flame-resistant substances or substrates.
Som nevnt ovenfor, er slike latekser lett tilgjengelige og de kan kjøpes under slike varemerker som f.eks. "Ucar 891" "Hycar 2671" og "Hycar 2679" og "Latex K32" og "K87" og lignende. Uttrykket "vannløselig overflateaktivt middel" slik det anvendes i foreliggende beskrivelse, innbefatter ethvert naturlig eller syntetisk skumdannende eller skumstabiliserende middel som f.eks. såper, emulgeringsmidler, skumdannende forbindelser, vaske-midler og lignende, foruten forskjellige blandinger av slike skumningsmidler. Eksempler på representative skumningsmidler som kan nevnes, er alkalimetall- og jordalkalimetallsaltene av høyere fettsyrer foruten ammonium- og aminosaltene av nevnte fettsyrer, ammonium-, amino-, alkali- og jordalkalimetallsalter av alifatiske sulfater, som f.eks. laurylsulfat, foruten ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler. For å oppnå optimale resultater, er det foretrukket å anvende såper av høyere fettsyrer som inneholder fra 12 til As mentioned above, such latexes are readily available and can be purchased under such brands as e.g. "Ucar 891" "Hycar 2671" and "Hycar 2679" and "Latex K32" and "K87" and the like. The term "water-soluble surfactant" as used in the present description includes any natural or synthetic foam-forming or foam-stabilizing agent such as e.g. soaps, emulsifiers, foaming compounds, detergents and the like, besides various mixtures of such foaming agents. Examples of representative foaming agents that can be mentioned are the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids in addition to the ammonium and amino salts of said fatty acids, ammonium, amino, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of aliphatic sulfates, such as e.g. lauryl sulfate, in addition to nonionic surfactants. To achieve optimal results, it is preferred to use soaps of higher fatty acids containing from 12 to
24 karbonatomer. Spesifikke eksempler på høyere fettsyrer24 carbon atoms. Specific examples of higher fatty acids
som kan anvendes for fremstilling av slike såper eller salter,which can be used for the production of such soaps or salts,
er laurinsyre, palmitinsyre, aleinsyre, stearinsyre, tallfettsyrer,harpiksfettsyrer og lignende, foruten andre kommersielle fett-syreblandinger. Hvis det er ønskelig, kan man dessuten anvende skumstabiliserende forbindelser som f.eks. superamider og lignende. are lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, tallow fatty acids, resin fatty acids and the like, besides other commercial fatty acid mixtures. If desired, foam stabilizing compounds such as e.g. superamides and the like.
Den emulsjons-polymeriserte latekssammensetning kan omdannes til skum ved hjelp av vanlige kjente mekaniske eller kjemiske skumdanningsprosesser. Det er foretrukket å utføre skumdannelsen ved hjelp av luftinnpiskningsmetoden, noé som skyldes metodens enkelhet foruten at den kan utføres ved romtemperatur og gir et skum med en meget fin og ensartet cellestruktur, men også andre fremgangsmåter kan anvendes s'om f.eks. frigjøring av en ikke-koagulerende gass som f.eks. nitrogen, eller dekomponering av et gassfrigjørende materiale hvorved det skjer en kjemisk reaksjon med en bestanddel i sammensetningen slik at det frigjøres en ikke-koagulerende gass som et reaksjonsprodukt, eller man kan anvende apparater som er utstyrt med skumdyser. The emulsion-polymerized latex composition can be converted into foam by conventional known mechanical or chemical foaming processes. It is preferred to carry out the foam formation by means of the air whipping method, which is due to the simplicity of the method in addition to the fact that it can be carried out at room temperature and produces a foam with a very fine and uniform cell structure, but other methods can also be used such as e.g. release of a non-coagulating gas such as nitrogen, or decomposition of a gas-releasing material whereby a chemical reaction takes place with a component in the composition so that a non-coagulable gas is released as a reaction product, or devices equipped with foam nozzles can be used.
Ved dette skumdanningstrinn vil foreliggende latekssammensetning vanligvis øke sitt volum fra \ til 8^ ganger i forhold til sitt opprinnelige volum. At this foaming step, the present latex composition will usually increase its volume from 1 to 8 times its original volume.
Den resulterende skummede' polymere lateks kan så påstrykes tekstilvevnaden direkte ved hjelp av kjente fremgangsmåter og apparater. Den teknikk eller fremgangsmåte man anvender for på-stryking av skummet på vevnaden er ikke kritisk og vil vanligvis være avhengig av det utstyr som er tilgjengelig. Etter pålegning på vevnaden kan tykkelsen på det skummede polymerlatekslag justeres til den :ønskede tykkelse, og graden■av-denne justeringen vil være. ,■ avhengig . av .-økonomiske betraktninger, -det anvendte utstyr..og det ønskede resultat. - Selve justeringen av det skummede, belegg kan utføres ved hjelp av en kniv, en valse eller lignende.., . The resulting foamed polymeric latex can then be applied directly to the textile fabric using known methods and apparatus. The technique or method used to apply the foam to the fabric is not critical and will usually depend on the equipment available. After application to the fabric, the thickness of the foamed polymer latex layer can be adjusted to the desired thickness, and the degree of this adjustment will be. ,■ dependent . of .-economic considerations, -the equipment used..and the desired result. - The actual adjustment of the foamed coating can be carried out with the help of a knife, a roller or the like.., .
Det partielle tørketrinn ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse utføres ved å.'underkaste den sammenpressede polymere lateks i som nå kleber til vevnaden overfor varme for å oppnå et.fuktighetsinnhold i lateksen, som varierer fra 3 til 20 vekt-%. Selve opp--varmningsmetoden er ikke kritisk, ettersom-. det kun er nødvendig å tilføre tilstrekkelig varme til .å tørke den .skummede lateks til det ønskede fuktighetsinnhold uten at det skjer en fullstendig herding av lateksen. Det.ønskede fuktighetsinnhold kan f.eks. oppnås ved å la. den;=skumbelagte vevnad dehydratisere ved romtemperatur, eller ved å plassere .det i en - varm luftovn eller ved å bruke strålevarme, eller ved å bruke et hvert., egnet: tekstiltørringsapparat . Ettersom høyere temperaturer aksellererer tørkingen, utføres tørketrinnet vanligvis ved temperaturer varierende fra 65 til. 205°C, fortrinnsivs fra 120 til.150°C -i fra \ til 4 minutter. Ovennevnte beskrevne tørketrinn må ikke sammenblandes med den vanlige gelatin-eringsmetode, som har vært anvendt i tidligere kjente fremgangs- • måter, for. mens gelatinering er. en fremgangsmåte., hvor man . inverterer to faser i,et system som inneholder en flytende, kontinuerlig fase og .en,- fast, diskontinuerlig fase uten å. fjerne vann, slik dette er beskrevet i US-pat.ent nr- 3 .215.. 647,-så kan- det- øyeblikkelig tørketrinn ifølge -foreliggende- oppfinnelse_ defineres som en. koaguler-ingsmetode hvor.man. rent fysisk fjerner minst .80 vekt-% av fuktighetsinnholdet fra det skummede- polymere lateksbelegg.. The partial drying step according to the present invention is carried out by subjecting the compressed polymeric latex which now adheres to the fabric to heat to achieve a moisture content in the latex which varies from 3 to 20% by weight. The heating method itself is not critical, as it is only necessary to apply sufficient heat to dry the foamed latex to the desired moisture content without complete curing of the latex. The desired moisture content can e.g. is obtained by letting. dehydrate the foam-coated fabric at room temperature, or by placing it in a hot air oven or by using radiant heat, or by using a suitable: textile drying apparatus. As higher temperatures accelerate drying, the drying step is usually carried out at temperatures ranging from 65 to. 205°C, preferably from 120 to 150°C - for from \ to 4 minutes. The drying steps described above must not be confused with the usual gelatinization method, which has been used in previously known methods, for. while gelatinization is. a procedure., where one . inverts two phases in a system containing a liquid, continuous phase and a solid, discontinuous phase without removing water, as described in US Patent No. 3,215,647 can- the- instant drying step according to the -present- invention_ be defined as a. coagulation method where.man. purely physically removes at least .80% by weight of the moisture content from the foamed polymer latex coating..
Sammenpressingstrinnet ifølge -foreliggende oppfinnelseThe compression step according to the present invention
er vesentlig for å .oppnå de nødvendige og ønskede bestandighets-egenskaper. i den belagte: .vevnad, foruten-at man-derved- får en fremgangsmåte, for å redusere volumet,- og -følgelig de behandlings-problemer som oppstår i forbindelse med stoffer.som er belagt med et ikke-sammenpresset. skum. ■ Sammenpressingen av■det partielt tørkede:, skummede polymere lateksbelegg kan utføres ved å-føre selve stoffet med belegget -gjennom et hvert kjent sammenpressings- eller kalendreringstekstilapparat, og i denne forbindelse kan man anvende harde valser, harde og. myke .valser eller polstrede valser o.l., is essential to achieve the necessary and desired durability properties. in the coated: fabric, apart from the fact that one thereby obtains a method to reduce the volume, and consequently the processing problems that arise in connection with substances that are coated with a non-compressed. foam. The compression of the partially dried, foamed polymeric latex coating can be carried out by passing the material itself with the coating through a known compression or calendering textile apparatus, and in this connection hard rollers, hard and. soft rollers or padded rollers etc.,
ved slike betingelser med hensyn til trykk og hastighet at man får under such conditions with regard to pressure and speed that one obtains
den ønskede tykkelse på den belagte vevnad. Ved begrepet "sammenpressing" slik det brukes i denne forbindelse, forstås anvendelsen av tilstrekkelig trykk i tilstrekkelig lang tid til å oppnå et komprimert, skummet ryggbelegg med en endelig tetthet varierende fra 0,48 til 1,04 g/cm^, hvor cellestrukturen i skummet ikke vil vende tilbake til mer enn ca. 125? av volumet i den knuste form. the desired thickness of the coated fabric. By the term "compression" as used herein is meant the application of sufficient pressure for a sufficient time to obtain a compressed, foamed backing with a final density varying from 0.48 to 1.04 g/cm^, the cell structure of which the foam will not return to more than approx. 125? of the volume in the crushed form.
Tørke- og herdingstrinnene ifølge foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan utføres ved hjelp av vanlige og kjente fremgangsmåter. Man kan f.eks. anvende tørkétemperaturer som varierer fra 0°C eller fra like over den filmdannende temperatur for den anvendte polymer til like under smeltepunktet eller dekomponeringstempera-turen for denne polymer. Ettersom høyere temperaturer aksellererer herdningshastigheten foruten tørkehastigheten, så vil man vanligvis ikke anvende temperaturer under romtemperatur. Mest vanlig vil man utføre herdningstrinnet ved temperaturer varierende fra 90 The drying and curing steps according to the present method can be carried out using common and known methods. One can e.g. use drying temperatures that vary from 0°C or from just above the film-forming temperature for the polymer used to just below the melting point or decomposition temperature for this polymer. As higher temperatures accelerate the curing rate in addition to the drying rate, temperatures below room temperature will not normally be used. Most commonly, the curing step will be carried out at temperatures varying from 90
til 205°C, normalt fra 138 til l60°C i fra 30- sekunder til 4 minutter. Det skal bemerkes at man i dette herdningstrinn, hvis det er ønskelig, kan anvende vanlige vulkaniseringsmidler sammen med andre additiver som f.eks. katalysatorer eller aksellererende forbindelser, skjønt dette ikke i og for seg er nødvendig i foreliggende oppfinnelse. to 205°C, normally from 138 to 160°C for from 30 seconds to 4 minutes. It should be noted that in this curing step, if desired, common vulcanizing agents can be used together with other additives such as e.g. catalysts or accelerating compounds, although this is not in itself necessary in the present invention.
Det er underforstått at man lett kan utføre forskjellige modifikasjoner i ovennevnte detaljerte beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen. Man kan f.eks. anvende andre tilsetningsmidler eller andre mengdeforhold for å oppnå produkter med spesielle ønskede egenskaper. For å senke omkostningene eller for andre grunner, kan man f.eks. anvende vanlige fyllstoffer som leirer, baryter, alumihiumhydrat, silisiumdioksyd o.l., foruten forskjellige hvitningsmidler som f.eks. titandioksyd.. Videre kan man anvende fargestoffer, uorgan-iske og organiske pigmenter o.l. for å oppnå den forønskede farge på det endelige produkt. Videre kan viskositeten økes ved å bruke fortykningsmidler, alkalimetallpolyakrylater, naturgummier, etc, mens man kan bruke mykningsmidler som trikresylfosfat o.l. når den emulsjons-polymeriserte lateks er fremstilt av en halogenert vinyllateks. - For å eliminere eller i det minste materialt redusere enhver klebrighet som måtte' oppstå i ryggbélegget på den endelige belagte tekstilvevnad, sa kan nevnte latekssammensetning tilsettes vokser, talkum, silikonoljer, alifatiske oljer, termoherdende ' harpikser, løselige polyetylenpolymere, polyetylenemulsjoner o.l. It is understood that various modifications can easily be made in the above detailed description of the invention. One can e.g. use other additives or other ratios to obtain products with special desired properties. To reduce costs or for other reasons, one can e.g. use common fillers such as clays, barytes, aluminum hydrate, silicon dioxide etc., in addition to various whitening agents such as e.g. titanium dioxide.. Furthermore, dyes, inorganic and organic pigments, etc. can be used. to achieve the desired color of the final product. Furthermore, the viscosity can be increased by using thickeners, alkali metal polyacrylates, natural rubbers, etc., while softeners such as tricresyl phosphate and the like can be used. when the emulsion polymerized latex is prepared from a halogenated vinyl latex. - In order to eliminate or at least materially reduce any stickiness that may occur in the back coating of the final coated textile fabric, waxes, talc, silicone oils, aliphatic oils, thermosetting resins, soluble polyethylene polymers, polyethylene emulsions, etc. can be added to said latex composition.
Hvis man anvender additiver av ovennevnte type, så vil de vanligvis tilsettes den emulsjonspolymeriserte latekssammensetning, men de kan også tilsettes på et senere trinn i fremgangsmåten. If additives of the above type are used, they will usually be added to the emulsion polymerized latex composition, but they can also be added at a later stage in the process.
De følgende eksmpler illustrerer foreliggende oppfinnelse. Alle deler, prosentsatser og mengdeforhold forøvrig er pr. vekt, hvis intet annet er angitt. The following examples illustrate the present invention. All parts, percentages and other quantities are per weight, unless otherwise stated.
Eksempel 1Example 1
En emulsjon-polymerisert latekssammensetning ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 deler (tørrbasis) av en akrylsyrelateksemulsjon, "Hycar 2679", med 3£ deler (tørrbasis) av et overflateaktivt, vann-løselig ammoniumstearat. Ved å luftpiske latekssammensetningen i en vanlig blander, ble sammensetningen omdannet til et stabilt skum med ekstremt små bobler. Det resulterende polymere skum ble så direkte pålagt den ene siden av et syntetisk gardinstoff, hvoretter tykkelsen ble justert til ca. 3 mm ved å bruke en kniv. Det således behandlede stoff ble plassert i en ovn og partielt tørket ved 138°C i ca. 3 minutter inntil ca. 80% av fuktighetsinnholdet i skummet var avdrevet. Det partielt tørkede skum ble deretter sammenpresset ved å føre det belagte stoff gjennom kalendreringsvalser ved et trykk på ca. 1415 kg/cm inntil skummet var fullstendig komprimert og hadde en høyde på ca. 0,5 mm, idet det forlot kalendreringsvalsene. Det resulterende sammenpressede polymere skumbelegg ble så herdet og tørket ved at det ble underkastet en temperatur på ca. l65°C i ca. lg minutt. Man fikk på denne måten fremstilt et varig, mykt og føyelig belagt gardinstoff som på baksiden hadde en svakt klebrig, ensartet ugjennomskinnelig, sammenpresset polymer foring med utmerket lysfasthet, vaske-og tørrensningsegenskaper. An emulsion polymerized latex composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts (dry basis) of an acrylic acid latex emulsion, "Hycar 2679", with 3£ parts (dry basis) of a surfactant, water-soluble ammonium stearate. By air whipping the latex composition in a regular mixer, the composition was converted into a stable foam with extremely small bubbles. The resulting polymeric foam was then directly applied to one side of a synthetic curtain fabric, after which the thickness was adjusted to approx. 3 mm using a knife. The thus treated fabric was placed in an oven and partially dried at 138°C for approx. 3 minutes until approx. 80% of the moisture content in the foam had been removed. The partially dried foam was then compressed by passing the coated fabric through calendering rollers at a pressure of approx. 1415 kg/cm until the foam was completely compressed and had a height of approx. 0.5 mm as it left the calendering rolls. The resulting compressed polymeric foam coating was then cured and dried by subjecting it to a temperature of about l65°C for approx. lg minute. In this way, a durable, soft and pliable coated curtain fabric was produced, which on the reverse side had a weakly sticky, uniformly opaque, compressed polymer lining with excellent light fastness, washing and dry cleaning properties.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt bortsett fra at man denne gang ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede polymere skumbelegg, hvorved man fikk et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, ved å ha langt dårligere egenskaper med hensyn til holdbarhet. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, except that this time the partially dried polymeric foam coating was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was obtained, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing coating, by having far worse properties with regard to durability.
Lignende resultater kan oppnås ved å anvende andre vann-løselige overflateaktive midler som f.eks. natriumlaurylsulfat, ammoniumlaurylsulfat, ammoniumoleat, kaliumoleat, kaliumstearat, natriumstearat o.l. Similar results can be achieved by using other water-soluble surfactants such as e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium stearate, sodium stearate, etc.
Eksmpel II Fremgangsmåten for eksempel I ble gjentatt ved å anvende en emulsjons-polymerisert latekssammensetning bestående, av 100 deler ( tørrbasis) .."Hycar 2679", en akrylsyrelateksemulsjon, Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated using an emulsion polymerized latex composition consisting of 100 parts (dry basis) .."Hycar 2679", an acrylic acid latex emulsion,
3g deler (tørrbasis) av et vannløselig ammoniumstearat-vaskemiddel samt 15 deler (tørrbasis) titandioksyd som fyllmiddel og hvitningsmiddel. Man fikk et holdbart, mykt og føyelig belagt. , gardinstoff av lignende type som ble .fremstilt i eksempel I, dog med forbedret hvitnet og ugj ennomskinnelighet-. 3g parts (dry basis) of a water-soluble ammonium stearate detergent and 15 parts (dry basis) titanium dioxide as filler and whitening agent. The result was a durable, soft and pliable coating. , curtain fabric of a similar type that was produced in example I, however with improved white mesh and poor translucency.
Den ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjenntatt, dog ved at man denne gang ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede,. po.lymere ryggbelegg, hvorved man fikk et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff som hadde et sammenpresset, polymert skumbelegg, ved at det hadde langt.dårligere egenskaper med hensyn til holdbarhet. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, although this time the partially dried material was not compressed. polymer backing coating, whereby a curtain fabric was obtained, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric which had a compressed, polymeric foam coating, in that it had far worse properties with respect to durability.
Istedenfor å anvende ovennevnte titandioksyd, kan man oppnå lignende resultater ved å bruke andre additiver og fyllstoffer som f.eks..leire, baryter, aluminiumhydrat, blankofiks, litofon, silisiumdioksyd, magnesiumsilikat o.l. Instead of using the above-mentioned titanium dioxide, similar results can be achieved by using other additives and fillers such as clay, barytes, aluminum hydrate, blank fix, lithophone, silicon dioxide, magnesium silicate etc.
E ksempel IIIExample III
Fremgangsmåten for eksempel II ble gjentatt.bortsett fra at man denne gangen også i den emulsjons-polymeriserte lateks-sammensetning innblandet 5 deler (tørrbasis). "Cyraz 93.3" , et antiklebningsmiddel bestående av melamin formaldehyd. Man fikk fremstilt et i alt vesentlig ikke-klebrig, holdbart,.mykt og føyelig gardinstoff av samme type som beskrevet i eksempel II-ovenfor. The procedure for example II was repeated, except that this time 5 parts (dry basis) were also mixed into the emulsion-polymerized latex composition. "Cyraz 93.3", an anti-stick agent consisting of melamine formaldehyde. An essentially non-sticky, durable, soft and pliable curtain fabric of the same type as described in example II above was produced.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog slik at man denne gangen :ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede polymere ryggbelegg, hvorved man.fikk et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, ved å ha langt.dårligere,egenskaper med hensyn til holdbarhet. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, however, so that this time the partially dried polymeric backing coating was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was obtained, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing coating, by having far worse properties with regard to shelf life.
Lignende ikke-klebrige, belagte gardinstoffer kan.fremstilles ved.at man istedenfor ovennevnte "Cyraz 933", anvender andre vanlige midler, for. nedsetning av :klebrighet, som f.eks. voks, parafinolje, silikonolje, urea-formaldehydharpikser o.l. Similar non-sticky, coated curtain fabrics can be produced by using other common means instead of the above-mentioned "Cyraz 933", for. reduction of :stickiness, such as e.g. wax, paraffin oil, silicone oil, urea-formaldehyde resins, etc.
Eksempel IVExample IV
Fremgangsmåten fra eksempel III ble gjentatt bortsettThe procedure from Example III was repeated except
fra at antiklebningsmidlet ble påstrøket den skummede latekssammensetning, etter at denne var pålagt stoffet, istedenfor at nevnte middel ble direkte tilsatt den emulsjons-polymeriserte lateks-sammensetning. from the fact that the anti-adhesive agent was applied to the foamed latex composition, after this had been applied to the fabric, instead of said agent being added directly to the emulsion-polymerized latex composition.
Man kunne ikke observere noen forskjell med hensyn til egenskaper mellom det resulterende belagte gardinstoff, og det belagte gardinstoff som ble fremstilt ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten fra eksempel III. No difference in properties could be observed between the resulting coated curtain fabric and the coated curtain fabric produced by the method of Example III.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog slik at man denne gang ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede polymere ryggbelegg, hvorved man fikk et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte stoff med et ryggbelegg av et sammenpresset polymert skum, ved at det hadde langt dårligere egenskaper med hensyn til holdbarhet. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, however, so that this time the partially dried polymeric back covering was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was obtained, which differed from the above-mentioned fabric with a back covering of a compressed polymeric foam, in that it had far worse properties with regard to shelf life.
Eksempel VExample V
En emulsjons-polymerisert latekssammensetning ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 deler (tørrbasis) av en akrylsyre lateksemulsjon, "Hycar 2671", med 32deler (tørrbasis) av et overflateaktivt, vannløselig ammoniumstearat samt 15 deler (tørrbasis) titandioksyd. Ved mekanisk å luftpiske sammensetningen i en vanlig blander, ble den omdannet til et stabilt skum med ekstremt små bobler. Det resulterende polymere skum ble så pålagt et gardinstoff, hvoretter størrelsen ble justert til ca. 3 mm ved å anvende en kniv. Det således behandlede stoff ble plassert i en ovn og partielt tørket ved 138°C i ca. 1J minutt inntil ca. 80% An emulsion polymerized latex composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts (dry basis) of an acrylic acid latex emulsion, "Hycar 2671", with 32 parts (dry basis) of a water-soluble ammonium stearate surfactant and 15 parts (dry basis) titanium dioxide. By mechanically whipping the composition in an ordinary mixer, it was converted into a stable foam with extremely small bubbles. The resulting polymeric foam was then applied to a curtain fabric, after which the size was adjusted to approx. 3 mm using a knife. The thus treated fabric was placed in an oven and partially dried at 138°C for approx. 1J minute until approx. 80%
av fuktigheten i skummet var avdrevet. Det partielt tørkede skum ble så knust ved å føre det belagte stoff gjennom kalendreringsvalser ved et trykk på 1415 kg/cm 2 inntil skummet var fullstendig komprimert og hadde en tykkelse på ca. 0,5 mm idet det forlot kalendreringsvalsene. Det resulterende, sammenpressede polymere skumbelegg ble så endelig herdet og tørket ved at det ble underkastet en temperatur på ca. 165°C i ca. 1J minutt. Man fikk fremstilt et holdbart, mykt og føyelig gardinstoff med et hvitt, svakt klebrig og ensartet ugjennomskinnelig ryggbelegg med utmerket lysfasthet, vaske- og tørrensningsegenskaper. of the moisture in the foam had been dissipated. The partially dried foam was then crushed by passing the coated fabric through calendering rollers at a pressure of 1415 kg/cm 2 until the foam was fully compacted and had a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm as it left the calendering rolls. The resulting compressed polymeric foam coating was then finally cured and dried by subjecting it to a temperature of about 165°C for approx. 1J minute. A durable, soft and pliable curtain fabric was produced with a white, slightly sticky and uniform opaque backing with excellent light fastness, washing and dry cleaning properties.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog slik at det partielt tørkede polymere skumbelegg ikke ble sammenpresset hvorved man fikk fremstilt et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, however, so that the partially dried polymeric foam coating was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was produced, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing coating,
ved at egenskapene med hensyn til holdbarhet var langt dårligere. in that the properties with regard to durability were far worse.
Eksempel VIExample VI
En emulsjons-polymerisert latekssammensetning ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 deler (tørrbasis) av en akrylsyrelateksemulsjon, "Ucar 891", med ^ deler (tørrbasis) av et vannløselig ammoniumstearatvaskemiddel og 15 deler (tørrbasis) titandioksyd. Ved mekanisk å luftpiske sammensetningen i en vanlig blander, An emulsion-polymerized latex composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts (dry basis) of an acrylic acid latex emulsion, "Ucar 891", with ½ part (dry basis) of a water-soluble ammonium stearate detergent and 15 parts (dry basis) titanium dioxide. By mechanically air whipping the composition in an ordinary mixer,
ble det omdannet til et stabilt skum med ekstremt små bobler.was transformed into a stable foam with extremely small bubbles.
Det resulterende polymeriske skum ble deretter direkte pålagtThe resulting polymeric foam was then directly applied
et gardinstoff, hvoretter tykkelsen ved hjelp av en kniv ble justert til ca. 3 mm. Det således behandlede stoff ble plassert i en ovn og partielt tørket ved 138°C i ca. 1\ minutt inntil ca. b0% av fuktigheten i skummet var avdrevet. Det partielt tørkede skum ble så knust ved at det belagte stoff ble ført gjennom kalendreringsvalser ved et trykk på 1415 kg/cm , inntil skummet var fullstendig komprimert og hadde en tykkelse på 0,5 mm idet det forlot kaldendreringsvalsene. Det resulterende sammenpressede polymere skumbelegg ble deretter endelig herdet og tørket ved at det ble underkastet en temperatur på ca. l65°C i ca. 1| minutt. Man fikk fremstilt et holdbart, mykt og føyelig gardinstoff med et hvitt, svakt klebrig og ensartet ugjennomskinnelig polymert ryggbelegg med-utmerket lysfasthet, vaske- a curtain fabric, after which the thickness was adjusted with the help of a knife to approx. 3 mm. The thus treated fabric was placed in an oven and partially dried at 138°C for approx. 1\ minute until approx. b0% of the moisture in the foam was dissipated. The partially dried foam was then crushed by passing the coated fabric through calendering rolls at a pressure of 1415 kg/cm 2 until the foam was fully compressed and had a thickness of 0.5 mm as it left the cold changing rolls. The resulting compressed polymeric foam coating was then finally cured and dried by subjecting it to a temperature of about l65°C for approx. 1| minute. A durable, soft and pliable curtain fabric was produced with a white, slightly sticky and uniform opaque polymeric back coating with excellent lightfastness, wash-
og tørrensningsegehskaper.and dry cleaning equipment.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog slik at man denne gangen ikke knuste det partielt tørkede polymeriske ryggbelegg, hvorved man fikk fremstilt et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, ved at det hadde langt dårligere egenskaper med hensyn til 'holdbarhet. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, however, so that this time the partially dried polymeric backing coating was not crushed, whereby a curtain fabric was produced, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing coating, in that it had far worse properties with regard to 'durability' .
Eksempel VIIExample VII
En emulsjons-polymerisert latekssammensetning ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 deler (tørrbasis) av en vinylkloridemulsjons-polymer, "Geon 352", med 35 deler (tørrbasis) trikresylfosfat-mykningsmiddel, t>\deler (tørrbasis) av et vannløselig ammoniumstearat vaskemiddel og 15 deler (tørrbasis) titandioksyd. Lateks sammensetningen ble så omdannet til et stabilt skum ved at det mekanisk ble luftpisket i en vanlig blander. Det resulterende polymere skum ble direkte pålagt et gardinstoff av fiberglass, hvorpå tykkelsen ble justert til ca. 3 mm ved hjelp av en kniv. An emulsion polymerized latex composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts (dry basis) of a vinyl chloride emulsion polymer, "Geon 352", with 35 parts (dry basis) tricresyl phosphate softener, t>\ parts (dry basis) of a water-soluble ammonium stearate detergent and 15 parts (dry basis) titanium dioxide. The latex composition was then converted into a stable foam by mechanically air-whipping it in an ordinary mixer. The resulting polymeric foam was directly applied to a fiberglass curtain fabric, whereupon the thickness was adjusted to approx. 3 mm using a knife.
Det således behandlede stoff ble plasert i en ovn og partieltThe fabric thus treated was placed in an oven and partially
tørket ved 138°C i ca. lj minutt inntil ca. 80% av fuktigheten i skummet var avdrevet. Det partielt tørkede skum ble så sammenpresset ved at det belagte stoff ble ført gjennom kalendreringsvalser ved et trykk på 1415 kg/cm , inntil skummet var fullstendig komprimert og hadde en tykkelse på ca. 0,5 mm idet det forlot kalendreringsvalsene. Det resulterende knuste polymeriske ryggbelegg ble så endelig herdet og tørket ved at det ble underkastet en temperatur på ca. 165°C i ca. 1\ minutt. Man fikk således fremstilt et ikke-brennbart, holdbart, mykt og føyelig fiberglass-stoff med et hvitt knust polymert ryggbelegg med utmerket lysfasthet og vaske- samt tørrensningsegenskaper. Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog ved at man denne gang ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede polymere skum, hvorved man fikk fremstilt et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, ved at det hadde langt dårligere egenskaper med hensyn til holdbarhet. dried at 138°C for approx. lj minute until approx. 80% of the moisture in the foam had been dissipated. The partially dried foam was then compressed by passing the coated fabric through calendering rollers at a pressure of 1415 kg/cm, until the foam was completely compressed and had a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm as it left the calendering rolls. The resulting crushed polymeric backing was then finally cured and dried by subjecting it to a temperature of about 165°C for approx. 1\ minute. A non-flammable, durable, soft and pliable fiberglass fabric with a white crushed polymeric back coating with excellent light fastness and washing and dry cleaning properties was thus produced. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, but this time the partially dried polymeric foam was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was produced, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing, in that it had far worse properties in terms of durability.
Eksempel VIIIExample VIII
En emulsjonspolymerisert latekssammensetning ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 deler (tørrbasis) av en vinylkloridemulsjon, "Geon 532", med 35 deler (tørrbasis) av et trikresylfosfat-mykningsmiddel, 4,5 deler (tørrbasis) av et overflateaktivt, vannløselig ammoniumstearat samt 15 deler (tørrbasis) titandioksyd. Latekssammensetningen ble deretter omdannet til et stabilt skum An emulsion polymerized latex composition was prepared by mixing 100 parts (dry basis) of a vinyl chloride emulsion, "Geon 532", with 35 parts (dry basis) of a tricresyl phosphate plasticizer, 4.5 parts (dry basis) of a water-soluble ammonium stearate surfactant and 15 parts (dry basis) titanium dioxide. The latex composition was then converted into a stable foam
med ekstremt små bobler ved at det mekanisk ble luftpisket i en vanlig blander. Det resulterende polymeriske skum ble deretter direkte pålagt et gardinstoff av fiberglass, hvoretter tykkelsen ble justert til ca. 3 mm ved å bruke en kniv. Det således behandlede stoff ble plasert i en ovn og partielt tørket ved 13<y>°C i ca. 1\ minutt inntil ca. U0% av fuktigheten i skummet var avdrevet. Det partielt tørkede skum ble deretter knust ved at det belagte stoff ble ført gjennom.kalendreringsvalser ved et trykk på 1415 kg/cm 2, inntil skummet var fullstendig komprimert og hadde en tykkelse på ca. 0,5.mm idet det forlot kalendreringsvalsene. Det resulterende with extremely small bubbles by mechanically air-whipping in an ordinary mixer. The resulting polymeric foam was then directly applied to a fiberglass curtain fabric, after which the thickness was adjusted to approx. 3 mm using a knife. The fabric thus treated was placed in an oven and partially dried at 13<y>°C for approx. 1\ minute until approx. U0% of the moisture in the foam was dissipated. The partially dried foam was then crushed by passing the coated fabric through calendering rollers at a pressure of 1415 kg/cm 2 until the foam was fully compressed and had a thickness of approx. 0.5mm as it left the calendering rolls. The resulting
sammenpressede polymere ryggbelegg ble så' endelig'herdet og tørket ved at det ble underkastet en temperatur på ca. l65°C compressed polymeric backings were then 'finally' cured and dried by subjecting them to a temperature of approx. l65°C
i 1J minutt. 'Man fikk på denne måten fremstilt et ikke-brennbart, holdbart, mykt og føyelig fiberglass-stoff<;>med "et hvitt polymert"ryggbelegg med utmerket lysfasthet, vaske--og tørrensningsegen-skaper. for 1J minute. In this way, a non-flammable, durable, soft and pliable fiberglass material was produced<;>with "a white polymeric" back coating with excellent light fastness, washing and dry cleaning properties.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt, dog slik at man denne gang ikke knuste det partielt tørkede polymere ryggbelegg,hvorved man fikk fremstilt:et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et ryggbelegg av sammenpresset polymert skum, ved at egenskapene med hensyn til holdbarhet, var langt dårligere. The above procedure was repeated, however, so that this time the partially dried polymeric back covering was not crushed, whereby a curtain fabric was produced, which differed from the above curtain fabric with a back covering of compressed polymeric foam, in that the properties with regard to durability were far worse.
Eksempel IXExample IX
Man fremstilte et belagt gardinstoff med en farget ryggforing ved å anvende fremgangsmåten fra'eksempel II, bortsett fra at man også i den emulsjons-polymeriserte latekssammensetning innblandet' 0,5 deler (tørrbasis) ftalocyanin-grønnpigment. Det fremstilte, holdbare, myke og føyelige gardinstoff hadde en grønn, svakt klebrig og ensartet ugjennomskinnelig ryggforing. Det er innlysende at man kan fremstille andre belagte gardinstoffer med forskjellige fargede sammenpressede polymere ryggbelegg ved kun å anvende andre pigmenter eller fargestoffer. A coated curtain fabric with a colored back lining was produced by applying the method from Example II, except that 0.5 parts (dry basis) phthalocyanine green pigment was also mixed into the emulsion-polymerized latex composition. The manufactured, durable, soft and pliable curtain fabric had a green, slightly tacky and uniform opaque backing. It is obvious that one can make other coated curtain fabrics with different colored compressed polymeric backings by only using other pigments or dyes.
Ovennevnte fremgangsmåte ble gjentatt-, dog slik at man denne gang ikke sammenpresset det partielt tørkede polymere ryggbelegg, hvorved man fikk fremstilt et gardinstoff, som skilte seg fra ovennevnte gardinstoff med et sammenpresset polymert ryggbelegg, ved at egenskapene med hensyn til holdbarhet var langt dårligere. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated, however, so that this time the partially dried polymeric backing coating was not compressed, whereby a curtain fabric was produced, which differed from the above-mentioned curtain fabric with a compressed polymeric backing coating, in that the properties with regard to durability were far worse.
Eksempel XExample X
For å demonstrere de enestående egenskapene ved de ifølge oppfinnelsen belagte gardinstoffer, ble produktet fra eksempel II underkastet ultraviolett lys fra et vanlig fadeometer, og etter 200 timer kunne man ikke påvise noen synlig fysisk nedbrytning med hensyn til farge. Gardinstoffet fra eksempel II ble også underkastet en serie på 6 gjentatte kommersielle vakse- og tørrensnihgs-operasjoner, uten at man kunne observere noen nedbrytning av den sammenpressede polymere ryggforing. To demonstrate the outstanding properties of the curtain fabrics coated according to the invention, the product of Example II was subjected to ultraviolet light from a conventional fadeometer, and after 200 hours no visible physical degradation with respect to color could be demonstrated. The curtain fabric of Example II was also subjected to a series of 6 repeated commercial waxing and dry cleaning operations, without any degradation of the compressed polymeric backing being observed.
Mens ovennevnte eksempler primært angår belagte gardinstoffer, ettersom disse produkter er av spesiell interesse, så er det innlysende at foreliggende oppfinnelse også kan anvendes for å fremstille et sammenpresset polymert skumbelegg på ethvert fibrøst eller ikke-fibrøst fleksibelt platemateriale, og at de endelige belagte produkter vil kunne anvendes på en rekke områder. De endelige belagte produkter kan f.eks. anvendes for stopping While the above examples primarily relate to coated curtain fabrics, as these products are of particular interest, it is obvious that the present invention can also be used to produce a compressed polymeric foam coating on any fibrous or non-fibrous flexible sheet material, and that the final coated products will could be used in a number of areas. The final coated products can e.g. used for stopping
av møbler, som duker, dusj forheng, sliteforkle etc. of furniture, such as tablecloths, shower curtains, aprons etc.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US59440166A | 1966-11-15 | 1966-11-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO129240B true NO129240B (en) | 1974-03-18 |
Family
ID=24378713
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO17052667A NO129240B (en) | 1966-11-15 | 1967-11-14 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT282543B (en) |
BE (1) | BE706518A (en) |
CH (2) | CH1586467A4 (en) |
DE (1) | DE1621940B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES347091A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI52041C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1208286A (en) |
IL (1) | IL28904A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6715492A (en) |
NO (1) | NO129240B (en) |
SE (1) | SE338028B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2910234C2 (en) * | 1979-03-15 | 1983-05-26 | Alkor GmbH Kunststoffverkauf, 8000 München | Process for the production of a shaped body from a carrier plate with a decorative layer |
DE3068284D1 (en) * | 1979-03-15 | 1984-07-26 | Alkor Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a flocked substrate |
SI1810755T1 (en) * | 2006-01-21 | 2009-12-31 | Rich Cup Bio Chemical Technolo | Method to make vessel with heat insulation surface layer |
-
1967
- 1967-11-03 DE DE1967G0051520 patent/DE1621940B2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1967-11-07 IL IL2890467A patent/IL28904A/en unknown
- 1967-11-13 FI FI305167A patent/FI52041C/en active
- 1967-11-13 ES ES347091A patent/ES347091A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-11-14 CH CH1586467D patent/CH1586467A4/xx unknown
- 1967-11-14 NO NO17052667A patent/NO129240B/no unknown
- 1967-11-14 BE BE706518D patent/BE706518A/xx not_active Expired
- 1967-11-14 CH CH1586467A patent/CH576861B5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-11-14 GB GB5183767A patent/GB1208286A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-11-15 AT AT1029267A patent/AT282543B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-11-15 NL NL6715492A patent/NL6715492A/xx unknown
- 1967-11-15 SE SE1570267A patent/SE338028B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE338028B (en) | 1971-08-30 |
GB1208286A (en) | 1970-10-14 |
NL6715492A (en) | 1968-05-16 |
FI52041B (en) | 1977-02-28 |
CH576861B5 (en) | 1976-06-30 |
FI52041C (en) | 1977-06-10 |
CH1586467A4 (en) | 1975-11-28 |
BE706518A (en) | 1968-03-18 |
DE1621940A1 (en) | 1972-04-27 |
ES347091A1 (en) | 1969-01-01 |
IL28904A (en) | 1971-12-29 |
DE1621940B2 (en) | 1977-03-24 |
AT282543B (en) | 1970-06-25 |
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