NO128552B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO128552B NO128552B NO00165849A NO16584966A NO128552B NO 128552 B NO128552 B NO 128552B NO 00165849 A NO00165849 A NO 00165849A NO 16584966 A NO16584966 A NO 16584966A NO 128552 B NO128552 B NO 128552B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- steam
- elements
- energy
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052614 beryl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/02—Reactor and engine structurally combined, e.g. portable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/04—Reactor and engine not structurally combined
- G21D5/06—Reactor and engine not structurally combined with engine working medium circulating through reactor core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for å omforme kjerne-energi til mekanisk energi, samt anordning for fremgangsmåtens utførelse. Method for converting nuclear energy into mechanical energy, as well as device for carrying out the method.
Oppfinnelsen vedrorer en fremgangsmåte for å omforme kjerne-energi til mekanisk energi. Oppfinnelsen vedrorer også en anordning for utfdreise av denne fremgangsmåte. The invention relates to a method for transforming nuclear energy into mechanical energy. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this method.
Ifolge nå vanlige metoder utvinnes i reaktoren i et atomkraft-anlegg termisk energi som ved hjelp av et fluidum gjennom rør-ledninger transporteres til apparater som befinner seg utenfor reaktoren og i disse i forste hånd omformes til mekanisk energi, som derpå vanligvis overfores til elektrisk energi. Til forskjell fra dette skjer ved metoden ifolge oppfinnelsen omformningen av kjerne-energi til mekanisk energi ved at i en turbin hvis lede- og drivelententer i det minste delvis består av reaktorbrennstoff, gjennomføres kjernereaksjoner, idet et damp- eller gassformig arbeidsmedium fores gjennom kanaler som avgrenses av lede- og drivelementene, samt at den derved frigjorte kjerneenergi opptas av arbeidsmediet og under arbeids-mediets ekspansjon som derved blir praktisk talt isoterm, om-settes i kinetisk energi som overfores til drivelementene og bevirker rotasjon av disse. According to currently common methods, thermal energy is extracted in the reactor in a nuclear power plant, which is transported by means of a fluid through pipelines to devices located outside the reactor and in these is first transformed into mechanical energy, which is then usually transferred into electrical energy . In contrast to this, in the method according to the invention, the transformation of nuclear energy into mechanical energy takes place by nuclear reactions being carried out in a turbine whose guide and drive elements at least partially consist of reactor fuel, as a steam or gaseous working medium is fed through channels that are delimited of the guide and drive elements, as well as that the nuclear energy thus released is taken up by the working medium and during the expansion of the working medium, which thereby becomes practically isothermal, is converted into kinetic energy which is transferred to the drive elements and causes their rotation.
Det fluidum som anvendes for energioverføringen bibringes på denne måte en ordnet stromning gjennom herfor tilpassede kanaler, In this way, the fluid used for the energy transfer is given an orderly flow through specially adapted channels,
i hvilke stromningstapene har kunnet holdes meget lave, samtidig som hoy stromningshastighet og dermed god energioverforing kan opprettholdes. Dessuten oppnåes en forbedret virkningsgrad i forbindelse med energiomformningen ifolge oppfinnelsen. in which the flow losses have been kept very low, while at the same time high flow speed and thus good energy transfer can be maintained. In addition, an improved degree of efficiency is achieved in connection with the energy conversion according to the invention.
Ved å utfore veggene i de kanaler som gassen eller damp ledes gjennom i turbinen, dvs. i forste rekke skovel-, ledeskinne- By lining the walls of the channels through which the gas or steam is led in the turbine, i.e. primarily vane, guide rail
eller munnstykkekanalene av reaktorbrennstoff, kan nemlig det nodvendige trykkfall i turbinene holdes meget lavt eftersom overforingen av energien fra atomkjernen til gassen kan foregå or the nozzle channels of reactor fuel, namely the necessary pressure drop in the turbines can be kept very low since the transfer of the energy from the nuclear core to the gas can take place
i hele kanalens lengde. Dette medforer dessuten at gassens ekspansjon i kanalene skjer praktisk talt isotermt i stedet for isentropt slik det ellers ville ha vært tilfelle. Det er derfor mulig ifolge oppfinnelsen å utnytte det innen teknikken velkjente forhold at virkningsgraden for isoterm sirkelprosess er hoyere enn virkningsgraden for en isentrop sirkelprosess. along the entire length of the channel. This also means that the expansion of the gas in the channels takes place practically isothermally instead of isentropically, as would otherwise have been the case. It is therefore possible according to the invention to utilize the well-known condition in the art that the efficiency of an isothermal circular process is higher than the efficiency of an isentropic circular process.
I det efterfolgende skal oppfinnelsen beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningen som i fig. 1 og 2 skjematisk viser to utforelsesformer for omformning av kjerneenergi til mekanisk energi samt fig. 3 og 4 likeledes skjematisk viser en turbin ifolge oppfinnelsen sett henholdsvis i lengde- og tverrsnitt. In what follows, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing as in fig. 1 and 2 schematically show two embodiments for converting nuclear energy into mechanical energy and fig. 3 and 4 also schematically show a turbine according to the invention seen respectively in longitudinal and cross section.
I fig. 1 betegner 1 en damp- eller gassturbin som ved hjelpIn fig. 1 denotes 1 a steam or gas turbine which by means of
av en aksel 2 er mekanisk sammenkoblet med en elektrisk generator 5. Turbinen 1 og kompressoren 3 som kan være anordnet for kom-presjon i ett. eller, flere trinn og eventuelt med kjoling mellom trinnene, danner sammen mecfr ledningene 6 og. 7 en lukket sirkula-sjonsomkrets for det for turbinens drift nodvendige damp- eller of a shaft 2 is mechanically connected with an electric generator 5. The turbine 1 and the compressor 3 which can be arranged for compression in one. or, several steps and possibly with skirting between the steps, together form the mecfr wires 6 and. 7 a closed circulation circuit for the steam required for the operation of the turbine
gassfluidum som i en varmeutveksler 8 av i og for seg kjent slag kjoles til passende tempertur for inngangen i kompressoren 3. gas fluid which in a heat exchanger 8 of a type known per se is brought to a suitable temperature for the entrance to the compressor 3.
I turbinen 1 er i det minste en del av de elementer som danner damp- eller gasskanalene, dvs. fortrinnsvis skovel- og lede-skinneelementene helt eller delvis oppbygget av reaktorbrensel, hvorved når turbinen er i drift, dampen eller gassen tilfores energi som er frigjort ved kjernereaksjon, hvoretter en mer eller mindre fullstendig direkte omformning av kjerneenergi til mekanisk energi fåes i disse. Energiomformningen blir alt etter omstendighetene som nevnt mer eller mindre fullstendige. Det kan derfor være nbdvendig å la en storre eller mindre del termisk energi avledes fra systemet i varmeutveksleren 8 som fortrinnsvis har regulerbar kapasitet. Den termiske energi som fåes ut fra denne varmeutveksler kan da anvendes eksempelvis for oppvarmingsformål, eventuelt i forbindelse med desti-lering eller kraftfrembringelse. In the turbine 1, at least part of the elements that form the steam or gas channels, i.e. preferably the vane and guide rail elements are made up entirely or partly of reactor fuel, whereby when the turbine is in operation, the steam or gas is supplied with energy that has been released by nuclear reaction, after which a more or less complete direct transformation of nuclear energy into mechanical energy is obtained in these. Depending on the circumstances, as mentioned, the energy conversion is more or less complete. It may therefore be necessary to allow a larger or smaller portion of thermal energy to be diverted from the system in the heat exchanger 8, which preferably has an adjustable capacity. The thermal energy obtained from this heat exchanger can then be used, for example, for heating purposes, possibly in connection with distillation or power generation.
Den mekaniske energi som utvinnes i turbinen 1 anvendes for via akslene 2 og 4 å drive dels kompressoren 3 og dels den elektriske generator 5. The mechanical energy extracted in the turbine 1 is used to drive the compressor 3 and the electric generator 5 via the shafts 2 and 4.
For regulering av reaktorkapasiteten samt for ved starten å oppnå kritikalitet bor i det minste en del av brenselselementene være lett innforbare i og uttagbare fra sine stillinger. Dette gjelder i forste hånd de brenselselementer som er beregnet på ikke å rotere under drift, men kan eventuelt også være onskelig eller nodvendig for de roterbart anordnede brenselselementer. Det bor i denne forbindelse nevnes at anordningen foruten de brenselselementer som inngår i turbinen, eventuelt kan inneholde en reaktordel på vanlig måte anordnede brenselselementer i storre eller mindre grad. In order to regulate the reactor capacity and to achieve criticality at the start, at least part of the fuel elements must be easily inserted into and removed from their positions. This primarily applies to the fuel elements which are intended not to rotate during operation, but may also be desirable or necessary for the rotatably arranged fuel elements. In this connection, it should be mentioned that the device, in addition to the fuel elements included in the turbine, may possibly contain a reactor part arranged in the usual way to a greater or lesser extent.
For lettere å kunne regulere reaktorkapasiteten resp. oppnå kritikalitet kan man anvende en radialturbin av dobbelrotortype som i prinsippet er av konvensjonell utforelse, men har de to rotorhalvdeler innbyrdes aksialforskjovne. I fig..2 som skjematisk viser, en anordning av dette slag, betegner 11 turbinen som er utfort som en radialturbin. Hver turbinhalvdel er ved en aksel 12 mekanisk forbundet med en kompressor 13 som ved en aksel 14 igjen er mekanisk koblet til en elektrisk generator 15. Turbinen 11 og kompressorene 13 danner gjennom ledningene 16 og 17 to parallelle sirkulasjonskretser for det under turbinens drift sirkulerende damp- eller gassformede fluidum. Disse sirkulasjonskretser inneholder fortrinnsvis også en varmeutveksler 18. In order to more easily regulate the reactor capacity or to achieve criticality, a double-rotor type radial turbine can be used which is in principle of a conventional design, but has the two rotor halves axially offset from each other. In Fig. 2, which schematically shows a device of this kind, 11 designates the turbine which is designed as a radial turbine. Each turbine half is mechanically connected by a shaft 12 to a compressor 13, which by a shaft 14 is again mechanically connected to an electric generator 15. The turbine 11 and the compressors 13 form, through the lines 16 and 17, two parallel circulation circuits for the steam circulating during the operation of the turbine or gaseous fluids. These circulation circuits preferably also contain a heat exchanger 18.
I radialturbin av det angitte slag kan såvel skovlene somIn a radial turbine of the specified type, both the blades and
de ring- og skiveelementer som bærer disse være helt eller delvis utfort av anriket uran eller fisjonerbart reaktorbrensel. Alternativt kan en indre av sådanne skovler og andre elementer bestående sone inneholde sådant brensel, idet tilsvarende deler i en ytre sone inneholder eller består av såkalt fertilt materiale, dvs. uran 238 eller torium. På tilsvarende måte kan i en aksialturbin skovel- og ledeskinneelementer i en nærmere turbinens innlopsside beliggende sone være oppbygget av eller inneholde fisjonerbart reaktorbrensel, idet tilsvarende deler i en nærmere turbinens utlopsside beliggende sone er oppbygget av eller inneholder fertilt materiale. the ring and disc elements that carry these are wholly or partially made of enriched uranium or fissionable reactor fuel. Alternatively, an inner zone consisting of such vanes and other elements can contain such fuel, as corresponding parts in an outer zone contain or consist of so-called fertile material, i.e. uranium 238 or thorium. Similarly, in an axial turbine, blade and guide rail elements in a zone located closer to the turbine's inlet side can be made up of or contain fissionable reactor fuel, as corresponding parts in a zone located closer to the turbine's outlet side are made up of or contain fertile material.
Det nodvendige fluidum for reaktordriften kan med fordel utgjores av tungtvann i damp- eller gassform. Det er derved mulig å gjore nytte av dette fluidums relativt lave neutron-innbremsning og derav folgende reduksjon av fra neutroninn-bremsningen stammende forringelse i neutronutskiftet. The necessary fluid for reactor operation can advantageously be made up of heavy water in steam or gas form. It is thereby possible to take advantage of this fluid's relatively low neutron retardation and the consequent reduction of the deterioration in the neutron exchange stemming from the neutron retardation.
Fig. 3 er et lengdesnitt etter linjen III-III i fig. 4 som igjen er et tverrsnitt etter linjen IV-IV i fig. 3. Anordningen ifolge disse figurer er forsynt med en radialturbin av dobbelrotortype, hvis to rotorhalvdeler 19, 20 bæres av aksler 21, 22 som går gjennom i rotorhuset 23, anordnede tetninger 24, 25 samt bæres av lagre 26, 27 og er anordnet for mekanisk å kobles sammen eksempelvis med hver sin på fig. 3 og 4 ikke viste kompressor og elektriske generator på den måte som er angitt for anordningene 12, 13, 14 og 15 i fig. 2. Hver rotorhalvdel er forsynt med et antall kransformig anordnede skovler 28, 29 som griper inn i hverandre på en sådan måte at skovlene i den ene av rotorhalvdelene 19, 20 utgjor ledeskinnene for den andre rotorhalvdel og omvendt. Damp- eller gassfluidet ledes inn gjennom akslene 21, 22 i sentralt anordnede tilforselskanaler og strommer radielt utad gjennom de av skovlene 28, 29 dannede kanaler samt avledes gjennom en ved husets 23 omkrets beliggende avlopsåpning 30der i likhet med tilforselskanalen er forbundet med de i fig. 3 og 4 ikke viste lukkede sirkulasjonskretser for damp-eller gassfluidet, i hvilket også på den måte som fremgår av fig. 2, kompressorene 13 og varmeutveksleren 18 er innkoblet. Den ene rotorhalvdel 19 samt tilhorende aksel 21 er ved hjelp av en motor 31 og mellom denne og akslen anordnede bevegelses-overforingsanordninger 32 aksialforskyvbar på en sådan måte at de to rotorhalvdelers skovelkranser 28, 29 helt eller delvis kan fores ut av inngrep med hverandre, hvorved fåes en regulering av den effektmengde som tas ut. Skovlene og eventuelt også ovrige deler av rotorhalvdelene og huset 32, består i storre eller mindre utstrekning av reaktorbrensel som derved på i og for seg kjent måte fortrinnsvis skålformet omsluttes av et for den mekaniske holdfasthet eventuelt nodvendig materiale som f.eks. titan, beryl e.l. Det er innlysende at også rotor-halvdelen 20og tilhorende aksel 22 kan være aksialforskyvbar på ovenfor delene 19 og 20 beskreven måte. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section along the line III-III in fig. 4 which is again a cross-section along the line IV-IV in fig. 3. The device according to these figures is provided with a radial turbine of double rotor type, whose two rotor halves 19, 20 are carried by shafts 21, 22 which pass through the rotor housing 23, arranged seals 24, 25 and are carried by bearings 26, 27 and are arranged for mechanical to be connected together, for example, with each in fig. 3 and 4 did not show the compressor and electric generator in the manner indicated for the devices 12, 13, 14 and 15 in fig. 2. Each rotor half is provided with a number of crown-shaped vanes 28, 29 which engage each other in such a way that the vanes in one of the rotor halves 19, 20 form the guide rails for the other rotor half and vice versa. The steam or gas fluid is led in through the shafts 21, 22 into centrally arranged supply channels and flows radially outwards through the channels formed by the vanes 28, 29 and is diverted through a drainage opening 30 located at the perimeter of the housing 23 which, like the supply channel, is connected to those in fig. 3 and 4 did not show closed circulation circuits for the steam or gas fluid, in which also in the manner shown in fig. 2, the compressors 13 and the heat exchanger 18 are switched on. The one rotor half part 19 and associated shaft 21 are axially displaceable by means of a motor 31 and movement transfer devices 32 arranged between this and the shaft in such a way that the vane rims 28, 29 of the two rotor halves can be completely or partially moved out of engagement with each other, whereby a regulation of the amount of power that is taken out is obtained. The blades and possibly also other parts of the rotor halves and the housing 32 consist to a greater or lesser extent of reactor fuel which is thereby, in a manner known per se, preferably cup-shaped, surrounded by a material possibly necessary for mechanical strength such as e.g. titanium, beryl etc. It is obvious that the rotor half part 20 and associated shaft 22 can also be axially displaceable in the manner described above for parts 19 and 20.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE15955/65A SE308932B (en) | 1965-12-09 | 1965-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO128552B true NO128552B (en) | 1973-12-03 |
Family
ID=20301498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO00165849A NO128552B (en) | 1965-12-09 | 1966-12-02 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT280444B (en) |
BE (1) | BE690968A (en) |
CH (1) | CH477744A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1589077B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES334217A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI45058C (en) |
FR (1) | FR1503375A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1149070A (en) |
IL (1) | IL26973A (en) |
IS (1) | IS753B6 (en) |
NL (1) | NL139614B (en) |
NO (1) | NO128552B (en) |
SE (1) | SE308932B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58107801A (en) * | 1981-12-09 | 1983-06-27 | Suke Ishii | Engine |
-
1965
- 1965-12-09 SE SE15955/65A patent/SE308932B/xx unknown
-
1966
- 1966-11-29 IL IL26973A patent/IL26973A/en unknown
- 1966-11-29 IS IS1614A patent/IS753B6/en unknown
- 1966-12-02 NO NO00165849A patent/NO128552B/no unknown
- 1966-12-05 FI FI663222A patent/FI45058C/en active
- 1966-12-05 DE DE19661589077 patent/DE1589077B2/en active Pending
- 1966-12-06 ES ES334217A patent/ES334217A1/en not_active Expired
- 1966-12-07 FR FR86476A patent/FR1503375A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-12-09 BE BE690968D patent/BE690968A/xx unknown
- 1966-12-09 CH CH1761566A patent/CH477744A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-12-09 NL NL666617306A patent/NL139614B/en unknown
- 1966-12-09 GB GB55311/66A patent/GB1149070A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-12-09 AT AT1136866A patent/AT280444B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE308932B (en) | 1969-03-03 |
DE1589077A1 (en) | 1970-07-09 |
BE690968A (en) | 1967-05-16 |
GB1149070A (en) | 1969-04-16 |
NL139614B (en) | 1973-08-15 |
CH477744A (en) | 1969-08-31 |
AT280444B (en) | 1970-04-10 |
NL6617306A (en) | 1967-06-12 |
IS1614A7 (en) | 1967-06-10 |
FI45058B (en) | 1971-11-30 |
FI45058C (en) | 1972-03-10 |
FR1503375A (en) | 1967-11-24 |
ES334217A1 (en) | 1971-01-01 |
IL26973A (en) | 1970-10-30 |
DE1589077B2 (en) | 1971-07-15 |
IS753B6 (en) | 1970-11-20 |
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