NO128529B

NO128529B -

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Info

Publication number: NO128529B
Authority: NO; Norway
Prior art keywords: water; mol; polyacrylonitrile; propanediamine; amine
Prior art date: 1969-11-14

Application number

NO241871A

Other languages

English (en)

Norwegian (no)

Inventor

R Bufton

J Semanick

G King

Original Assignee

Diamond Shamrock Corp

Priority date

1969-11-14

Filing date

1971-06-25

Publication date

1973-12-03

1971-06-25 Application filed by Diamond Shamrock Corp filed Critical Diamond Shamrock Corp

1971-06-25 Priority to NO241871A priority Critical patent/NO128529B/no

1973-12-03 Publication of NO128529B publication Critical patent/NO128529B/no

Links

229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 75
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 57
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 15
ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 9
HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
FKJVYOFPTRGCSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-aminopropyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound NCCCN(CCO)CCO FKJVYOFPTRGCSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
FAXDZWQIWUSWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound COCCCN FAXDZWQIWUSWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
UIKUBYKUYUSRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-morpholinopropylamine Chemical compound NCCCN1CCOCC1 UIKUBYKUYUSRSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
CWKVFRNCODQPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-aminoethylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CNCCN CWKVFRNCODQPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 31
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 19
239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 14
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 9
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 6
230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 6
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
-1 alkanol Chemical group 0.000 description 5
238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 3
229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
125000005262 alkoxyamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
229920003214 poly(methacrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 3
SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propanol Substances CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
125000005055 alkyl alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
GRFFKYTUNTWAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound ClC=C.C=CC#N GRFFKYTUNTWAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNC GVWISOJSERXQBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(N)CO BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BPGIOCZAQDIBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanamine Chemical compound CCOCCN BPGIOCZAQDIBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethanamine Chemical compound COCCN ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SOYBEXQHNURCGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCOCCCN SOYBEXQHNURCGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Angelic acid Natural products CC=C(C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
108010010803 Gelatin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GMPKIPWJBDOURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyamine Chemical compound CON GMPKIPWJBDOURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
229920002472 Starch Chemical class 0.000 description 1
LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001110 calcium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical class O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
QSCNLGHKALSYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanamine Chemical compound CCOCN QSCNLGHKALSYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
229920000159 gelatin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000003292 glue Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
239000004571 lime Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium potassium Chemical compound [Li].[K] OBTSLRFPKIKXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCN KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCN QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KRKPYFLIYNGWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,o-dimethylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CNOC KRKPYFLIYNGWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCC XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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