NO127676B - - Google Patents
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- NO127676B NO127676B NO242770A NO242770A NO127676B NO 127676 B NO127676 B NO 127676B NO 242770 A NO242770 A NO 242770A NO 242770 A NO242770 A NO 242770A NO 127676 B NO127676 B NO 127676B
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- natural resin
- added
- resin
- water
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QAIGYXWRIHZZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 QAIGYXWRIHZZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 16
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 i.e.* Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- QBZIEGUIYWGBMY-FUZXWUMZSA-N (5Z)-5-hydroxyimino-6-oxonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid iron Chemical compound [Fe].O\N=C1/C(=O)C=Cc2cc(ccc12)S(O)(=O)=O.O\N=C1/C(=O)C=Cc2cc(ccc12)S(O)(=O)=O.O\N=C1/C(=O)C=Cc2cc(ccc12)S(O)(=O)=O QBZIEGUIYWGBMY-FUZXWUMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZONRRHNQILCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CN1CC=CC=C1 HZONRRHNQILCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCOS(=O)(=O)OCCC JYCKNDWZDXGNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYSQEYLBJYFNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-aminoethyl)-n'-methylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCN(C)CCN HYSQEYLBJYFNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXZYPCARKJGQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]-n'-methylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCN(C)CCN(C)CCN DPXZYPCARKJGQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCOP(O)(O)=O MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved liming av papir. Procedure for gluing paper.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en fremgangsmåte av The present invention relates to a method of
den art som er angitt i krav l's ingress. the species specified in claim l's preamble.
Limemulsjoner med et hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, dvs*, materialer basert på naturharpiks hvor andelen av uforsåpet harpiks som er tilstede i emulsjonen, er fra 80 vekt% til 98 vekt% av det totale torrstoffinnhold, har vært anvendt i forbindelse med alun for liming av papir. Tidligere har det vært nodvendig for å oppnå gode limingsresultater, å utfore limingen i et system ved en pH på ca. 4,5. Anvendelse av sterkt sure systemer for å lime papir er ikke alltid onskelig. Papir fremstillet under 9ure betingelser utviser en mindre styrke i torr tilstand og utviser dårligere styrke-egenskaper efter tidsrom på år. Videre vil anvendelse av sure systemer resultere i syrekorrosjon i papirproduksjonsutstyret. ;Generelt, i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse gis der en metode for liming av papir med limemulsjoner med et hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, ved pH fra 6 til 7,5, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved det som er angitt i krav l's karakteriserende del. Papir limt i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse har vesentlig forbedrede egenskaper og utmerkede limfasthetsegenskaper. ;Foretrukne emulsjons lim med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, for utforelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse, er vandige suspensjoner som består av 70 - 55 vekt% vann og 30 - 45 vekt% harpiksbasemateri-ale. Harpiks-basematerialet består av (A) 0-45 vekt% harpiks og ;(B) lOO - 5 vekt% av et addisjonsreaksjonsprodukt av harpiks og en ;sur forbindelse som inneholder en ;;gruppe. Mengden av den ;adderte sure forbindelse er 2 - 12 vekt% av harpiks-basematerialet. ;En liten mengde av harpiks-basematerialet blir forsåpet med alkali, og en relativt stor mengde forblir uforsåpet. Mengden av uforsåpet harpiks-basemateriale som er tilstede i emulsjonslimet, med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, uttrykt som prosent av de tilgjen-g elige carboxylgrupper, er som nevnt 80 - 98 % og forefinnes i form av finfordelte partikler av hvilke de fleste er mindre enn 5 mikron. Emulsjonslim med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks kan inneholde små mengder av ytterligere emulgerinysmidler som f.eks. kasein. ;o Harpiksbestanddelen (A) kan være hvilken som helst av de kommersielt tilgjengelige typer av harpiks, slik som treharpiks, ;gummiharpiks, talloljeharpiks og blandinger av disse, enten i rå eller raffinert tilstand. Partielt eller i det vesentlige fullstendig hydrogenerte harpikser og polymeriserte harpikser såvel som harpikser som er blitt behandlet for å forhindre krystallisering, som ;ved varmebehandling eller omsetning med formaldehyd, kan anvendes, såvel som blandinger av disse. ;Addisjonsreaksjonsproduktet av harpiks og en sur forbin- ;delse som inneholder ;gruppen, er avledet ved omsetning av harpiks og den sure forbindelse ved hoye temperaturer fra ca. 150°C til 210°C, efter kjente fremgangsmåter. 'Fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av addisjonsreaksjonsprodukter er beskrevet i US patenter 2.628.918 og 2.684.300. Disse addisjonsreaksjonsprodukter blir innen faget omtalt som "Diels-Alder reaksjonsprodukter", som "harpiks-addukter", som "addukter", og som "forsterket harpiks". Eksempler på sure forbindelser som inneholder ;gruppen, som kan anvendes for fremstilling av addukter, omfatter ;a, S-umettede flerverdige organiske syrer og deres kjente anhydrider; spesielle eksempler på disse omfattes av fumarsyre, maleinsyre, acylsyre, maleinsyreanhydrid, itaconsyre, itaconsyreanhydrid, citraconsyre og citraconsyreanhydrid. ;Harpiksen som anvendes for å fremstille addisjonsprodukte-ne kan være hvilken som helst av de kommersielt tilgjengelige typer harpiks som treharpiks, gummiharpiks, talloljeharpiks, og blandinger av disse i deres rå eller raffinerte tilstand. Polymerisert harpiks og partielt hydrogenert harpiks kan anvendes såvel som harpiks behandlet for å inhibere krystallisering. Det er også mulig å anvende som bestanddel (B) et addukt som i det vesentlige er fullstendig hydrogenert efter dannelsen av adduktet. ;Det forsåpede harpiks-basemateriale er fortrinnsvis kali-umsåpe eller natriumsåpe. ;Ved utfbrelse av fremgangsmåten ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse anvendes der i forbindelse med emulsjonslimet med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, en noye angitt og kritisk mengde av et vannopplbselig kationisk polyamin, med affinitet overfor cellulose, og med molekylvekt over ca. lOOO. ;Egnede kationiske polyaminer omfatter polyethylenimin og andre vannopploselige polymerer med en betydelig andel av -CI^CH^jNH-kjeder, vannopplbselig kationisk stivelseaminoderivat, polyvinylamin, polymere tertiære aminer som f.eks. polyvinylpyridin, poly-N-methylpyridinklorid, og ureaformaldehyd-polyalkylenpolyamin våtstyr-keharpikser for papir, f.eks. slike som er åpenbart i US patent nr. 2.554.475. ;Den ovenfor kationiske stivelse er vannopplbselig stivelse med tilstrekkelig kationisk amin- eller kvartære ammoniumgrupper som gjor stivelsen cellulbsevedheftende. ;Kationiske polyaminer med molekylvekt over lOOO foretrekkes, da de generelt er mere effektive pr. vektenhet. Det er også foretrukket at polymeren inneholder minst én amingruppe (primært,sekundær- ,tertiært eller kvartært ammonium) for hvert IO. carbonatom, slik at polymeren utviser sterke kationiske egenskaper. ;Foretrukket for anvendelse ved denne oppfinnelse er terme— settende vannopploselige aminopolyamid--epiklorhydrinharpikser som åpenbart og beskrevet i US patenter nr. 2.926.116 og 2.926.154. Disse harpikser er vannopploselige polymeriske reaksjonsprodukter av epiklorhydrin og et vannopplbselig aminpolyamid. Aminpolyamidet er vannopplbselig og er avledet ved omsetning av en dicarboxylsyre med polyalkylenpolyamin i et molforhold av polyalkylenpolyamin til dicarboxylsyre fra 0,8:1 til 1,4:1. ;Spesielt egnede dicarboxylsyrer er diglycolsyre <p>g andre mettede alifatiske dicarboxylsyrer som inneholder fra 3 til 10 carbonatomer, slike som malonsyre, ravsyre, glutarsyre, adipinsyre, pi-melinsyre, korksyre, azelainsyre og sebacinsyre. ;Andre egnede dicarboxylsyrer omfattes av terefthalsyre, isofthalsyre, fthal9yre, maleinsyre, fumarsyre, itaconsyre, gluta-consyre, citraconsyre og mesacohsyre. ;De tilgjengelige anhydrider av de ovenfor nevnte syrer kan anvendes ved fremstilling av vannopploselige aminpolyamider, dess-uten kan estrene av syrene anvendes. Hvis det er bnskelig kan der for fremstilling av de vannopploselige aminpolyamider anvendes blandinger av to eller flere dicarboxylsyrer, deres anhydrider og/eller deres estere. ;Et antall polyalkylenpolyaminer omfattende polyethylenpo-lyaminer, polypropylenpolyaminer, polybutylenpolyaminer og lignende kan anvendes. Polyalkylenpolyaminer kan angis som polyaminer i hvilke nitrogenatomene ér knyttet sammen med grupper av formelen ;-C H„ -, hvor n er et lite heltall stbrre enn 1, og antallet slike ;n 2n ;grupper i molekylet er fra 2 og opp til 8. Nitrogenatomene kan være knyttet til nabocarbonatomene i gruppen -CnH2n eller til carbonatomer lengere borte, men ikke til de samme carbonatomer. Polyaminer som diethylentriamin, triethyientetramin, tetraethylenpentarain og dipropylentriamin som kan erholdes i relativt ren tilstand, er egnet for fremstilling av vannopploselige aminpolyamider. Andre polyalkylenpolyaminer 9om kan anvendes, omfatter methyl-bis-(3-arainpropyl)-amin; methyl-bis-(2-aminethyl)-amin; og 4,7-dimethyltriethylentetra-min. Blandinger av polyalkylenpolyaminer kan, om bnskes, benyttes. ;Avstanden mellom amingruppene i aminpolyamidet kan bkes hvis dette ér bnskelig. Dette kan oppnåes ved at en del av polyalkylenpolyaminet erstattes med et diamin som ethylendiamin, propylen-diamin, hexamethylendiamin eller lignende. For dette formål kan opp til 80 % av polyalkylenpolyaminet erstattes med en molekylær ekviva-lent av diamin. Vanligvis vil en erstatning av opp til 50 % eller mindre være passende. ;Temperaturer som anvendes ved utforelse av reaksjonen mellom dicarboxylsyren og polyalkylenpolyamin kan variere fra HO°C ;til 250°C eller hbyere ved atmosfæretrykk. For de fleste formål foretrekkes temperaturer mellom 160°C og 210°C. Reaksjonstiden vil vanligvis variere mellom ca- 1/2 time til 2 timer. Reaksjonstiden varierer omvendt proporsjonalt med den anvendte reaksjonstemperatur. ;Ved utforelse av reaksjonen er det foretrukket å anvende en mengde dicarboxylsyre som er tilstrekkelig til i det vesentlige fullstendig å reagere med de primære amingrupper i polyalkylenpolyamin, men ikke tilstrekkelig til å reagere med sekundære amingrupper og/eller tertiære amingrupper i noen vesentlig grad. Dette vil vanligvis kreve et molforhold av polyalkylenpolyamin til dicarboxylsyre fra 0,9:1 til 1,2:1. Imidlertid kan et molforhold mellom ca. 0,8:1 og 1,4:1 benyttes. Aminpolyamidet erholdt som beskrevet ovenfor omsettes med epiklorhydrin ved en temperatur fra 45°C til 100°C, fortrinnsvis mellom 45°C og 70°C, inntil viskositeten av en opplosning med 20 % tbrrstoff i vann ved 25°C stiger til ca. C eller hbyere på Gardner-Holdt skalaen. Denne reaksjon utfores fortrinnsvis i vann for å moderere reaksjonen. pH-justering er vanligvis ikke nbdvendig. Imidlertid siden pH avtar under polymeriseringsfasen, kan det være bnskelig i noen tilfeller å tilsette alkali som kan reagere med minst noe av den dannede syre. Når den bnskede viskositet er oppnådd, kan vann tilsettes til kunstharpiksopplbsningen for å jus-tere tbrrstoffinnholdet av denne til den bnskede verdi, vanligvis fra 2 til 50 %. ;Ved aminpolyamid—epiklorhydrinreaksjonen oppnåes til-fredsstillende resultater ved anvendelse av fra 0,1 mol til 2 mol epiklorhydrin for hver sekundær eller tertiær amingruppe i aminpolyamidet , fortrinnsvis fra 1 mol til 1,5 mol epiklorhydrin. ;Om bnskes kan et énfunksjonelt alkyleringsmiddel anvendes som ytterligere reaktant ved utfbrelsen av den ovenfor nevnte reaksjon. Det énfunksjonelle alkyleringsmiddel kan forst omsettes med aminpolyamidet, hvorefter reaks jonsprodiiktet omsettes med epiklorhydrin, eller alkyleringsmidlet kan omsettes med reaksjonsproduktet dannet ved omsetning av aminpolyamid og epiklorhydrin. Således kan f.eks. epiklorhydrin tilsettes til en vandig opplbsning av aminpo-, lyamid ved en temperatur på 45 - 55°C. Reaksjonsblandingen oppvarmes derefter til SO - 100°C, fortrinnsvis 60 - 80°C, avhengig av den bnskede omsetningshastighet. Efter en passende tid ved denne temperatur, f.eks. IO - 100 min, fortrinnsvis inntil viskositet av en opplosning med 25 % tbrrstoff er mellom A og B på Gardner-Holdt skalaen ved 25°C, på hvilket tidspunkt mesteparten av epoxygruppen i epiklorhydrinet har reagert med amingruppene i aminpolyamidet, hvorefter et énfunksjonelt alkyleringsmiddel tilsettes til reaksjonsblandingen som oppvarmes til en temperatur på 60 80°C, inntil viskositeten av en opplosning med 25 % tbrrstoff er minst A, og fortrinnsvis minst B til C på Gardnér-Holdt skalaen ved 25°C. Tbrr-stoffviskositetsforholdet kan erholdes ved direkte omsetning ved 25% nivået eftérfulgt av en fortynning til 25 % tbrrstoff, eller ved omsetning på et lavere nivå eftérfulgt av oppkonsentrering ved temperaturer under 40°C og under redusert trykk til 25% tbrrstoff. Lavere alkylestere av mineralsyrer som halogénider, sulfater og fosfater, substituerte alkylhalogenider, og lignende er egnede énfunksjbnelle alkyleringsmidler. Eksempler på forbindelser som kan anvendes er dimethyl-, diethyl- og dipropylsulfat, methylklorid, methyljodid, ethyijodid, methylbromid, propylbromid pg mono-, di- eller trimeth-yl-, ethyl- og propylfosfater. Visse aromatiske forbindelser som benzylklorid og methyl-para-toluensulfonat kan anvendes. Mengden åv alkyleringsmiddel som benyttes er tilstrekkelig til å reagere med min9t 25 % av de tilstedeværende amingrupper. Fra O,1 mol til 0,9 mol énfunksjonelt alkyleringsmiddel for hver åmingruppe kan anvendes. ;De fblgende eksempler illustrerer fremstillingen av lim med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks. Alle deler og prosenter er vektdeler eller vektprosent. hvis ikke annet er angitt. ;Eksempel 1 ;630 deler fumarsyre adderes ved forhbyet temperatur med 3307 deler talloljeharpiks. Fumar9yren opplbses i talloljeharpiksen og reagerer med denne, og danner en reaksjonsmasse. Efter at i det vesentlige all fumarsyren har reagert med harpiksen, får reaksjonsmassen eller produktet henstå til avkjbling til romtemperatur (ca. ;23°C). Reaksjonsmassen er en blanding bestående av uomsatt harpiks og harpiks--fumarsyrereaksjon9produkt eller addukt. Reaksjon9produktet inneholder 16 % fumarsyre, hvorav i det vesentlige alt er blitt omsatt. ;Eksempel 2 ;3750 deler formaldehydbehandlet talloljeharpiks (syretall 158) og 2250 deler av reaksjonsmassen i henhold til eksempel 1 oppvarmes til ca. 140°C og danner en homogen smeltet harpiksmasse. Til ;den smeltede harpiks tilsettes langsomt en vandig alkalisk opplosning bestående av 30 deler natriumhydroxyd opplost i 90 deler' vann. Derefter tilsettes en kaseinopplosning bestående av 210 deler kasein, 1260 deler vann og 8,4 deler natriumhydroxyd. 7900 deler for-tynningsvann (temperatur ca. 32°C) og 15,7 deler natriumsalt av pen-taklorfenol i lOO deler vann tilsettes til blandingen. En papirlim-emulsjon med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks er derved fremstillet som har et tbrrstoffinnhold på 42,1 % og et syretall på 76. ;Det fblgende eksempel illustrerer fremstillingen av en vandig opplosning av aminpolyamid--epiklorhydrinkunstharpiks for anvendelse ved denne oppfinnelse. Alle deler og prosenter er vektdeler eller vektprosent hvis ikke annet er angitt. ;Eksempel 3 ;225 deler diethylentriamin og 108 deler vann innfores i et reaksjonskar og omrbres. Til dette tilsettes 327 deler adipinsyre som gir en blanding som oppvarmes til 165 - 170°C og holdes ved denne temperatur inntil reaksjonen er fullstendig, og der erholdes et vannopplbselig aminpolyamid. 503 deler vann tilsettes, og den erholdte aminpolyamidopplbsning inneholder 50 - 52 % tbrrstoff. Aminpolyamidet har et grénseviskositetstall ved 25°C på O,115 - 0,125. Til lOO deler av denne aminpolyamidopplbsning tilsettes 395 deler vann. Denne opplosning oppvarmes til 50°C, og 25,5 deler epiklorhydrin tilsettes . Den derved erholdte blanding oppvarmes til ca. 70°C inntil den oppnår en viskositet på D-E på Gardner-Holdt skalaen ved ;25°C. 181,8 deler vann tilsettes derefter, og aminpolyamid--epiklor-harpiksen avkjbles til romtemperatur (ca. 23°C). Opplbsningen inneholder ca. IO % tbrrstoff og har en viskositet på C-D på Gardner-Holdt skalaen. ;Ved fremstilling av papir blir en vandig suspensjon av pa-pirfibre bestående av 4 - 8 vekt% massefibre (regnet som tbrrstoff) malt for å gi en malt suspensjon eller masse med en malegrad på lOO-600 Canadian Standard Freeness. Den malte suspensjon blir derefter fortynnet med vann til en konsistens på 1,5 - 3 %, dvs. den fortynnede masse vil bestå av 1,5 - 3 vekt% celluloseholdige fibre (regnet 9om tbrrstoff). Denne uttynnede ma9se blir ytterligere fortynnet med vann for derved å danne en papirdannende suspensjon bestående av 0,2 - 0,8 % celluloseholdige fibre (regnet som tbrrstoff). Det vann som benyttes for denne uttynning er hva som innen faget betegnes som "Bakvann" fra papirmaskinen. Den derved erholdte papirsuspensjon blir derefter dannet til papir. Forskjellige tilsetningsstoffer som limmidler og lignende blir vanligvis tilsatt papirmassen ved forskjellige konsistenser. ;Apparater som måleapparat eller en raffinor anvendes for å gi fibrene i papirmassen den bnskede malegrad. Masse med den bnskede malegrad overfores til et massekar hvor den fortynnes til den bnskede konsistens (vanligvis 1,5 - 3 %). Den far tynnede masse overfores til maskinkassen og pumpes derefter til et massekar hvor limtilsetningsstoffer og lignende blir tilsatt og omhyggelig blandet. Den behandlede fortynnede masse passerer derefter en sentrifugal-pumpe hvor den behandlede fortynnede masse blir ytterligere fortynnet med bakvann. Den med bakvann fortynnede masse sendes derefter gjennom en rekke hvirvelsorterere og siler hvor forurensninger og lignende fjernes. Den rensede masse går derefter via innlbpskassen ut på papirmaskinen. ;Under utfbrelsen av fremgangsmåten ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det viktig for gode limingsresultater at emulsjonslimet med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks og alun blir tilsatt til papirmassen fbr arkdannelse og på det sted i papirfremstillingspro-sessen hvor massen har en konsistens på 1,5 - 3 %, dvs. hvor massen består av 1,5 - 3 vekt% celluloseholdige fibre (regnet som tbrrstoff) . Alun kan tilsettes sammen med lime* med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks, eller i blanding med dette, eller alun kan tilsettes sepa-rat enten fbr eller efter limtilsetning. Glue emulsions with a high content of free resin, i.e.*, materials based on natural resin where the proportion of unsaponified resin present in the emulsion is from 80% by weight to 98% by weight of the total dry matter content, have been used in connection with alum for gluing of paper. In the past, it has been necessary to achieve good gluing results, to carry out the gluing in a system at a pH of approx. 4.5. The use of strongly acidic systems for gluing paper is not always desirable. Paper produced under wet conditions shows a lower strength in the dry state and shows poorer strength properties after a period of years. Furthermore, the use of acidic systems will result in acid corrosion in the paper production equipment. In general, according to the present invention, a method is provided for gluing paper with glue emulsions with a high content of free resin, at pH from 6 to 7.5, and the method is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Paper glued according to the present invention has significantly improved properties and excellent adhesive strength properties. Preferred emulsion adhesives with a high content of free resin, for carrying out the present invention, are aqueous suspensions consisting of 70 - 55% by weight water and 30 - 45% by weight resin base material. The resin base material consists of (A) 0-45% by weight of resin and (B) 100-5% by weight of an addition reaction product of resin and an acidic compound containing a group. The amount of the added acidic compound is 2-12% by weight of the resin base material. ;A small amount of the resin base material is saponified with alkali, and a relatively large amount remains unsaponified. The amount of unsaponified resin base material present in the emulsion adhesive, with a high content of free resin, expressed as a percentage of the available carboxyl groups, is, as mentioned, 80 - 98% and is found in the form of finely divided particles, most of which are smaller than 5 microns. Emulsion glue with a high content of free resin may contain small amounts of additional emulsifiers such as e.g. casein. The resin component (A) may be any of the commercially available types of resin, such as wood resin, rubber resin, tall oil resin and mixtures thereof, either in a crude or refined state. Partially or substantially completely hydrogenated resins and polymerized resins, as well as resins that have been treated to prevent crystallization, which, by heat treatment or reaction with formaldehyde, can be used, as well as mixtures thereof. The addition reaction product of resin and an acidic compound containing the group is derived by reaction of resin and the acidic compound at high temperatures from approx. 150°C to 210°C, according to known methods. Methods for the preparation of addition reaction products are described in US patents 2,628,918 and 2,684,300. These addition reaction products are referred to in the art as "Diels-Alder reaction products", as "resin-adducts", as "adducts", and as "reinforced resin". Examples of acidic compounds containing the ;group, which can be used for the preparation of adducts, include ;a, S-unsaturated polyvalent organic acids and their known anhydrides; particular examples of these include fumaric acid, maleic acid, acyl acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid and citraconic anhydride. The resin used to prepare the addition products can be any of the commercially available types of resin such as wood resin, rubber resin, tall oil resin, and mixtures thereof in their crude or refined state. Polymerized resin and partially hydrogenated resin can be used as well as resin treated to inhibit crystallization. It is also possible to use as component (B) an adduct which is essentially completely hydrogenated after the formation of the adduct. The saponified resin base material is preferably potassium soap or sodium soap. When carrying out the method according to the present invention, a precisely specified and critical amount of a water-soluble cationic polyamine, with affinity towards cellulose, and with a molecular weight above approx. lOOO. Suitable cationic polyamines include polyethyleneimine and other water-soluble polymers with a significant proportion of -CI^CH^jNH chains, water-soluble cationic starch amino derivative, polyvinylamine, polymeric tertiary amines such as e.g. polyvinylpyridine, poly-N-methylpyridine chloride, and ureaformaldehyde-polyalkylenepolyamine wet strength resins for paper, e.g. such as are disclosed in US Patent No. 2,554,475. The above cationic starch is water-soluble starch with sufficient cationic amine or quaternary ammonium groups which make the starch cellulose-adherent. Cationic polyamines with a molecular weight above lOOO are preferred, as they are generally more effective per weight unit. It is also preferred that the polymer contains at least one amine group (primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium) for each IO. carbon atom, so that the polymer exhibits strong cationic properties. Preferred for use in this invention are thermosetting water-soluble aminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin resins as disclosed and described in US Patent Nos. 2,926,116 and 2,926,154. These resins are water-soluble polymeric reaction products of epichlorohydrin and a water-soluble amine polyamide. The amine polyamide is water soluble and is derived by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with polyalkylene polyamine in a molar ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dicarboxylic acid from 0.8:1 to 1.4:1. Particularly suitable dicarboxylic acids are diglycolic acid and other saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, corkic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid. Other suitable dicarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, citraconic acid and mesaconic acid. The available anhydrides of the above-mentioned acids can be used in the production of water-soluble amine polyamides, in addition the esters of the acids can be used. If it is desirable, mixtures of two or more dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides and/or their esters can be used to produce the water-soluble amine polyamides. A number of polyalkylene polyamines including polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines, polybutylene polyamines and the like can be used. Polyalkylene polyamines can be defined as polyamines in which the nitrogen atoms are linked together with groups of the formula ;-C H„ -, where n is a small integer greater than 1, and the number of such ;n 2n ; groups in the molecule is from 2 and up to 8. The nitrogen atoms can be linked to neighboring carbon atoms in the group -CnH2n or to carbon atoms further away, but not to the same carbon atoms. Polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentaraine and dipropylenetriamine, which can be obtained in a relatively pure state, are suitable for the production of water-soluble amine polyamides. Other polyalkylene polyamines that may be used include methyl bis-(3-arainpropyl) amine; methyl-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-amine; and 4,7-dimethyltriethylenetetramine. Mixtures of polyalkylene polyamines can, if desired, be used. The distance between the amine groups in the amine polyamide can be adjusted if this is desired. This can be achieved by replacing part of the polyalkylene polyamine with a diamine such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or the like. For this purpose, up to 80% of the polyalkylene polyamine can be replaced by a molecular equivalent of diamine. Usually a replacement of up to 50% or less will be appropriate. Temperatures used when carrying out the reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and polyalkylene polyamine can vary from 10°C to 250°C or higher at atmospheric pressure. For most purposes, temperatures between 160°C and 210°C are preferred. The reaction time will usually vary between approx. 1/2 hour to 2 hours. The reaction time varies inversely proportional to the reaction temperature used. When carrying out the reaction, it is preferred to use an amount of dicarboxylic acid which is sufficient to essentially completely react with the primary amine groups in polyalkylene polyamine, but not sufficient to react with secondary amine groups and/or tertiary amine groups to any significant extent. This will usually require a molar ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dicarboxylic acid from 0.9:1 to 1.2:1. However, a mole ratio between approx. 0.8:1 and 1.4:1 are used. The amine polyamide obtained as described above is reacted with epichlorohydrin at a temperature of from 45°C to 100°C, preferably between 45°C and 70°C, until the viscosity of a solution with 20% trub in water at 25°C rises to approx. C or higher on the Gardner-Holdt scale. This reaction is preferably carried out in water to moderate the reaction. pH adjustment is usually not necessary. However, since the pH decreases during the polymerization phase, it may be desirable in some cases to add alkali which can react with at least some of the acid formed. When the desired viscosity is achieved, water can be added to the resin solution to adjust the solids content thereof to the desired value, usually from 2 to 50%. In the amine polyamide-epichlorohydrin reaction, satisfactory results are obtained by using from 0.1 mol to 2 mol epichlorohydrin for each secondary or tertiary amine group in the amine polyamide, preferably from 1 mol to 1.5 mol epichlorohydrin. If desired, a monofunctional alkylating agent can be used as an additional reactant in carrying out the above-mentioned reaction. The monofunctional alkylating agent can first be reacted with the amine polyamide, after which the reaction product is reacted with epichlorohydrin, or the alkylating agent can be reacted with the reaction product formed by reacting amine polyamide and epichlorohydrin. Thus, e.g. epichlorohydrin is added to an aqueous solution of amine polyamide at a temperature of 45 - 55°C. The reaction mixture is then heated to 50 - 100°C, preferably 60 - 80°C, depending on the desired reaction rate. After a suitable time at this temperature, e.g. 10 - 100 min, preferably until the viscosity of a solution with 25% tbrr is between A and B on the Gardner-Holdt scale at 25°C, at which point most of the epoxy group in the epichlorohydrin has reacted with the amine groups in the amine polyamide, after which a monofunctional alkylating agent is added to the reaction mixture which is heated to a temperature of 60 80°C, until the viscosity of a solution with 25% tbrr substance is at least A, and preferably at least B to C on the Gardnér-Holdt scale at 25°C. The Tbrr substance viscosity ratio can be obtained by direct reaction at the 25% level followed by dilution to 25% Tbrr substance, or by reaction at a lower level followed by concentration at temperatures below 40°C and under reduced pressure to 25% Tbrr substance. Lower alkyl esters of mineral acids such as halides, sulfates and phosphates, substituted alkyl halides, and the like are suitable monofunctional alkylating agents. Examples of compounds that can be used are dimethyl, diethyl and dipropyl sulphate, methyl chloride, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, methyl bromide, propyl bromide and mono-, di- or trimethyl-yl, ethyl and propyl phosphates. Certain aromatic compounds such as benzyl chloride and methyl para-toluenesulfonate can be used. The amount of alkylating agent used is sufficient to react with at least 25% of the amine groups present. From 0.1 mol to 0.9 mol of monofunctional alkylating agent for each amine group can be used. The following examples illustrate the production of glue with a high content of free resin. All parts and percentages are parts by weight or percentage by weight. unless otherwise stated. Example 1: 630 parts of fumaric acid are added at elevated temperature with 3307 parts of tall oil resin. The fumaric acid dissolves in the tall oil resin and reacts with it, forming a reaction mass. After essentially all of the fumaric acid has reacted with the resin, the reaction mass or product is left to cool to room temperature (approx. 23°C). The reaction mass is a mixture consisting of unreacted resin and resin-fumaric acid reaction product or adduct. The reaction9 product contains 16% fumaric acid, essentially all of which has been converted. ;Example 2 ;3750 parts formaldehyde-treated tall oil resin (acid number 158) and 2250 parts of the reaction mass according to example 1 are heated to approx. 140°C and forms a homogeneous molten resin mass. An aqueous alkaline solution consisting of 30 parts sodium hydroxide dissolved in 90 parts water is slowly added to the melted resin. A casein solution consisting of 210 parts casein, 1260 parts water and 8.4 parts sodium hydroxide is then added. 7900 parts dilution water (temperature approx. 32°C) and 15.7 parts sodium salt of pentachlorophenol in 100 parts water are added to the mixture. A paper glue emulsion with a high content of free resin is thereby produced which has a moisture content of 42.1% and an acid number of 76. The following example illustrates the preparation of an aqueous solution of amine polyamide-epichlorohydrin synthetic resin for use in this invention. All parts and percentages are parts by weight or percentage by weight unless otherwise stated. Example 3: 225 parts of diethylenetriamine and 108 parts of water are introduced into a reaction vessel and stirred. To this is added 327 parts of adipic acid which gives a mixture which is heated to 165 - 170°C and kept at this temperature until the reaction is complete, and a water-soluble amine polyamide is obtained. 503 parts of water are added, and the resulting amine polyamide solution contains 50 - 52% fiber. The amine polyamide has an intrinsic viscosity number at 25°C of 0.115 - 0.125. To 100 parts of this amine polyamide solution, 395 parts of water are added. This solution is heated to 50°C, and 25.5 parts of epichlorohydrin are added. The resulting mixture is heated to approx. 70°C until it attains a viscosity of D-E on the Gardner-Holdt scale at ;25°C. 181.8 parts of water are then added, and the amine polyamide-epichlor resin is cooled to room temperature (about 23°C). The solution contains approx. 10% fiber and has a viscosity of C-D on the Gardner-Holdt scale. In the manufacture of paper, an aqueous suspension of paper fibers consisting of 4-8% by weight of pulp fibers (calculated as fiber) is ground to give a ground suspension or pulp with a ground degree of 100-600 Canadian Standard Freeness. The ground suspension is then diluted with water to a consistency of 1.5 - 3%, i.e. the diluted mass will consist of 1.5 - 3% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers (calculated as 9om tbrrstoff). This diluted pulp is further diluted with water to thereby form a paper-forming suspension consisting of 0.2 - 0.8% cellulosic fibers (calculated as fiber). The water used for this thinning is what is referred to in the field as "Backwater" from the paper machine. The resulting paper suspension is then formed into paper. Various additives such as adhesives and the like are usually added to the paper pulp at different consistencies. Devices such as a measuring device or a refiner are used to give the fibers in the paper pulp the desired grinding degree. Pulp with the desired grinding degree is transferred to a pulp vessel where it is diluted to the desired consistency (usually 1.5 - 3%). The thinned pulp is transferred to the machine box and then pumped to a pulp vessel where adhesive additives and the like are added and carefully mixed. The treated diluted mass then passes through a centrifugal pump where the treated diluted mass is further diluted with tailwater. The pulp, diluted with backwater, is then sent through a series of vortex sorters and sieves where impurities and the like are removed. The cleaned pulp then goes to the paper machine via the intake box. During the development of the method according to the present invention, it is important for good gluing results that the emulsion glue with a high content of free resin and alum is added to the paper pulp for sheet formation and at the point in the papermaking process where the pulp has a consistency of 1.5 - 3% , i.e. where the mass consists of 1.5 - 3% by weight cellulose-containing fibers (counted as fiber). Alum can be added together with lime* with a high content of free resin, or in a mixture with this, or alum can be added separately either before or after glue addition.
Mengden av emulsjons lim med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks er 0,15 - 2 vekt% (regnet som tbrrstoff) av vekten av fibrene (regnet som tbrrstoff), og mengden av alun som anvendes er 0,15 - 0,5 vekt% regnet på vekten av fibrene (regnet som tbrrstoff). The amount of emulsion glue with a high content of free resin is 0.15 - 2% by weight (calculated as fiber) of the weight of the fibers (calculated as fiber), and the amount of alum used is 0.15 - 0.5% by weight on the weight of the fibers (counted as fibers).
Det kationiske polyamin kan tilsettes til papirmassen fbr tilsetning av emulsjonslim med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks og alun, eller efter tilsetning av dette, og ved hvilken som helst massekon-sistens. Det er imidlertid foretrukket at det tilsettes efter at emulsjons limet med hoyt innhold av fri harpiks og alun er blitt tilsatt, Og på et sted fbr arkforming hvor massen har en konsistens på 0,2 - 3 %. For gode limresultater er den anvendte mengde kationisk polyamin 0,01 - 0,25 vekt%, basert på vekten av fibre (regnet som tbrrstoff). Hvis bnsket kan stbrre mengder anvendes. Det folgende eksempel illustrerer oppfinnelsen. Alle deler og prosenter er vektdeler ellér vekt% hvis intet annet er angitt. The cationic polyamine can be added to the paper pulp before adding emulsion glue with a high content of free resin and alum, or after adding this, and at any pulp consistency. However, it is preferred that it is added after the emulsion adhesive with a high content of free resin and alum has been added, and at a place for sheet forming where the mass has a consistency of 0.2 - 3%. For good adhesive results, the amount of cationic polyamine used is 0.01 - 0.25% by weight, based on the weight of fibers (calculated as fiber). If desired, larger amounts can be used. The following example illustrates the invention. All parts and percentages are parts by weight or % by weight if nothing else is stated.
Ek9 empe1 4 Ek9 empe1 4
225 deler klordioxyd bleket nåletre sulfatcellulose fylles i et måleapparat inneholdende 4775 deler vann med en hårdhet på 0 ppm og en alkalitet på 240 ppm CaO03 (methyl purpur). 0,6 deler konsentrert (98 %) H2S04 tilsettes for å redusere alkaliteten til ca. 140 ppm. Den syrebehandlede masse males i en Hollender ca. 1 time med en belastning på 37 amps., hvorved der oppnåes en masse med en malegrad på ca. 500 Canadian Standard Freeness. 1,59 deler CaCl,,. 2H^0 tilsettes massen sammen med 0,4 deler konsentrert H£S04 (98 %). Den behandlede masse overfores til et blandekar og fortynnes med vann som har de samme egenskaper som det benyttet i måleapparatet, hvorved der erholdes en masse med 2 % konsistens. Den resulterende papirmasse har en pH på 7,2 og en hårdhet på lOO ppm CaCOg og en alkalitet på ISO ppm CaCO^. Massen overfores til et massekar for en viss tid for bruk. Massen pumpes derefter til et lite blandekar (også kjent som massekar). Der tilsettes samtidig limmateriale i henhold til eksempel 2 i en mengde på 0,25 %, beregnet på fibrenes torrvekt, og 0,25 % alun beregnet på fibrenes torrvekt, og den resulterende masse blandes omhyggelig. Massen pumpes derefter inn i et annet blandekar hvor det igjen blandes. Ved tomming av det annet blandekar tilsettes fortynnet (0,5 %) svovelsyre i en mengde tilstrekkelig til å gi massen en pH på ca. 6,5. Den behandlede masse passerer en blandepumpe hvor den blandes med bakvann fra papirmaskinen til en konsistens på ca. 0,4 %. På et sted umiddelbart for ut-lopsrorledningen fra blandepumpen går inn i innlopskassen tilsettes 0,1 % av kunstharpiksen i henhold til eksempel 3. Papirmassen blir derefter formet til en papirhane som torkes. Motstand mot penetrer-ing av "No. 2 Test Ink", eh vandig opplosning av 1,0 vekt% maursyre og 1,25 % "Naphthol Green B" bestemmes ved anvendelse av "Hercules" fotometer (D. Price, R.H. Osborn and J.W. Davis, TAPPI, 36, 42, 1953). 225 parts of chlorine dioxide bleached softwood sulfate cellulose is filled into a measuring device containing 4775 parts of water with a hardness of 0 ppm and an alkalinity of 240 ppm CaO03 (methyl purple). 0.6 parts concentrated (98%) H2SO4 is added to reduce the alkalinity to approx. 140 ppm. The acid-treated pulp is milled in a Hollander approx. 1 hour with a load of 37 amps, whereby a mass with a grinding degree of approx. 500 Canadian Standard Freeness. 1.59 parts CaCl,,. 2H20 is added to the mass together with 0.4 parts of concentrated H2SO4 (98%). The treated mass is transferred to a mixing vessel and diluted with water that has the same properties as that used in the measuring device, whereby a mass with a 2% consistency is obtained. The resulting pulp has a pH of 7.2 and a hardness of 100 ppm CaCO 3 and an alkalinity of ISO ppm CaCO 3 . The pulp is transferred to a pulp vessel for a certain time for use. The pulp is then pumped into a small mixing vessel (also known as a pulp vessel). At the same time, adhesive material according to example 2 is added in an amount of 0.25%, calculated on the dry weight of the fibers, and 0.25% alum calculated on the dry weight of the fibers, and the resulting mass is carefully mixed. The mass is then pumped into another mixing vessel where it is again mixed. When emptying the second mixing vessel, dilute (0.5%) sulfuric acid is added in an amount sufficient to give the mass a pH of approx. 6.5. The treated pulp passes through a mixing pump where it is mixed with waste water from the paper machine to a consistency of approx. 0.4%. At a point immediately before the outlet pipe from the mixing pump enters the inlet box, 0.1% of the synthetic resin according to Example 3 is added. The pulp is then formed into a paper tap which is dried. Resistance to penetration of "No. 2 Test Ink", eh aqueous solution of 1.0% by weight formic acid and 1.25% "Naphthol Green B" is determined using the "Hercules" photometer (D. Price, R.H. Osborn and J. W. Davis, TAPPI, 36, 42, 1953).
Den tid som er nbdvendig for at blekkpenetreringen reduse-rer lysrefleksjonen til 80 % av arkets initialverdi, anvendes for å representere graden av limfasthet. Fotometer-limfasthetsresultater for dette eksempel er 143 sekunder for papir tatt rett fra papirmaskinen, og 210 sekunder for papir lagret 13 dager ved 21°C og 50 % relativ luftfuktighet. The time required for the ink penetration to reduce the light reflection to 80% of the sheet's initial value is used to represent the degree of adhesive strength. Photometer tack results for this example are 143 seconds for paper taken straight from the paper machine, and 210 seconds for paper stored 13 days at 21°C and 50% relative humidity.
Fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen kan med fordel anvendes for liming av andre produkter avledet av cellulose- eller lignocel-lulosefibre, som f.eks. kartong eller trefiberplater o.l. hvor der onskes god limfasthet. The method according to the invention can be advantageously used for gluing other products derived from cellulose or lignocellulose fibres, such as e.g. cardboard or wood fiber boards etc. where good adhesive strength is desired.
Claims (4)
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NO242770A NO127676B (en) | 1970-06-23 | 1970-06-23 |
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1970
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