NO126778B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO126778B NO126778B NO16995167A NO16995167A NO126778B NO 126778 B NO126778 B NO 126778B NO 16995167 A NO16995167 A NO 16995167A NO 16995167 A NO16995167 A NO 16995167A NO 126778 B NO126778 B NO 126778B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- straightening
- temperature
- steel
- wire
- thread
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F1/00—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
- B21F1/02—Straightening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
- B21D3/05—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers arranged on axes rectangular to the path of the work
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for retting av bl. a. kullstoffståltråder. Procedure for correcting e.g. a. carbon steel wires.
Kullstoffståltråder med hoye mekaniske egenskaper benyttes vanligvis til fremstilling av fjærer og av armering for forspent betong. Carbon steel wires with high mechanical properties are usually used for the production of springs and reinforcement for prestressed concrete.
Dan mest vanlig benyttede sammensetning til ovennevnte bruks-områder er folgende: The most commonly used composition for the above-mentioned areas of use are the following:
rest: jern og urenheter som alltid finnes i industrielle residue: iron and impurities that are always found in industrial
produkter. products.
Hoye mekaniske egenskaper oppnås vanligvis ved folgende opera-sjoner i rekkefolge: - spesialherdning (jernkullstofflegering ved 850 - 950° og hurtig avkjoling ved 400 - 550°) - trådtrekking (gjennomgang gjennom flere trekkplater for High mechanical properties are usually achieved by the following operations in sequence: - special hardening (iron carbon alloy at 850 - 950° and rapid cooling at 400 - 550°) - wire drawing (passing through several drawing plates for
■trinnvis å redusere trådenes tverrsnitt). ■stepwise reducing the cross-section of the threads).
Etterat trådene er spesielherdet og trukket, blir de opprullet på et gangspill og presenterer seg da i form av kroner. After the threads have been specially hardened and drawn, they are wound up on a reel and then present themselves in the form of crowns.
For å kunne benytte disse tråder til armering av forspent betong og til fremstilling av visse fjærer, må disse tråder vise folgende egenskaper: In order to be able to use these wires for reinforcing prestressed concrete and for the production of certain springs, these wires must show the following properties:
a) være tilstrekkelig rette a) be sufficiently straight
b) hoy bruddbelastning, b) high breaking load,
c) hoy elastisitetsgrense, c) high elastic limit,
d) hoy strekkforlengelse. d) high tensile elongation.
Trukkede-tråder passer ikke til disse anvendelser. Selv om Pulled wires are not suitable for these applications. Although
de har en hoy bruddbelastning, er derimot deres elastisitetsgrense og deres strekkforlengelse lave, og de viser en krumning tilsvarende trådens opprulling på trekkbenkspolen. they have a high breaking load, on the other hand, their elastic limit and their tensile elongation are low, and they show a curvature corresponding to the coiling of the thread on the drawbench spool.
Man må da underkaste disse tråder en behandling som retter dem og forhoyer elastistitetsgrensen og strekkforlengelsen. One must then subject these threads to a treatment that straightens them and increases the elasticity limit and the tensile elongation.
Man kjenner til mekaniske rettingsmetodfer -som går ut på ved Mechanical straightening methods are known - which use wood
romtemperatur å underkante tråden vekslende og gradvis av- i tagende påkjenninger. room temperature to undercut the thread alternating and gradually decreasing stresses.
Man benytter vanligvis i praksis to opplegg: j Two schemes are usually used in practice: j
a) tråden går mellom hjul som er oppstilt i to perpendi-j kulære plan, og den gjennomgår boyninger med avtagende ampli- a) the thread passes between wheels which are set up in two perpendicular planes, and it passes bends of decreasing amplitude
tyde etterhvert som den går fremover. decipher as it progresses.
b) tråden går gjennom ledeanordninger som er forskjovet i forhold til hverandre og er fast forbundet til en roterende b) the wire passes through guide devices which are offset relative to each other and are fixedly connected to a rotary
ramme. I dette tilfelle blir tråden underkastet vekslende boyningspåkjenninger langs alle generatriser, samtidig med vekslende vridningspåkjenninger, og disse påkjenningers ampli-tyde oker gradvis for så å avta i den retning tråden beveger seg.. frame. In this case, the thread is subjected to alternating bending stresses along all generatrices, at the same time as alternating twisting stresses, and the amplitude of these stresses gradually increases and then decreases in the direction the thread moves.
Retting ifolge disse to kjente metoder gir en rett tråd med hoy strekkforlengelse, men den har den ulempe at den reduserer bruddbelastningen og særlig trådens elastisitetsgrense som allerede er lav etter trekkingen. Straightening according to these two known methods gives a straight thread with high tensile elongation, but it has the disadvantage that it reduces the breaking load and especially the thread's elastic limit, which is already low after drawing.
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrorer således en fremgangsmåte til retting av et karbonstål-produkt med avlang form omfattende minst en tråd, særlig bestemt til å brukes i armert betong, med hoy mekanisk fasthet, elastisitetsgrense, forlengelse og relaksasjonsmotstand, hvor man patenterer et utgangsmateriale av stål med avlang form, minsker tverrsnittsdimensjonene av materialene ved koldbearbeidelse og retter det resulterende materiale, og fremgangsmåten karakteriseres ved at rettingen utfores ved avvekslende boyninger i forskjellige radiale plan ved en temperatur over omgivelsestemperaturen, men under rekrystallisasjonstemperaturen for stål i det for retting utsatte produkt, idet produktet med avlang-form deretter igjen bringes til omgivelsestemperatur. The present invention thus relates to a method for straightening a carbon steel product with an elongated shape comprising at least one wire, particularly intended for use in reinforced concrete, with high mechanical strength, elastic limit, elongation and relaxation resistance, where a starting material of steel with an elongated shape is patented shape, reduces the cross-sectional dimensions of the materials by cold working and straightens the resulting material, and the method is characterized by the straightening being carried out by alternating bends in different radial planes at a temperature above the ambient temperature, but below the recrystallization temperature of steel in the product subjected to straightening, the product with elongated -form then again brought to ambient temperature.
Ifolge et ytterligere trekk ved oppfinnelsen ligger temperaturen ved rettingen over 200°C. According to a further feature of the invention, the temperature during straightening is above 200°C.
Ved fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen oppnås produkter med utmerkede mekaniske egenskaper, og særlig oppnås disse ved hjelp aven fremgangsmåte som lar seg utfore med enkle midler. With the method according to the invention, products with excellent mechanical properties are obtained, and in particular these are obtained by means of a method which can be carried out with simple means.
Et anlegg for benyttelse av metoden er vist på den tegning som er det eneste bilag, som som skal betraktes som et på ingen måte uttommende eksempel. A facility for using the method is shown on the drawing which is the only appendix, which is to be regarded as a by no means exhaustive example.
Ifolge oppfinnelsen består et anlegg for benyttelse av metoden f.eks. av et sett ledevalser 2, hvor tråden 1 som skal rettes, innsettes. Tråden ledes til en oppvarmingssone som f.eks. består av en spole 3 for induksjonsoppvarming. According to the invention, a facility for using the method consists of e.g. of a set of guide rollers 2, where the thread 1 to be straightened is inserted. The wire is led to a heating zone such as consists of a coil 3 for induction heating.
Tråden som holdes ved den onskede temperatur, underkastes den egentlige mekaniske retting ved vekslende boyningspåkjenninger, som oppnås ved hjelp av to sett hjul 4 og 5 perpendikulære med hverandre, hvorpå tråden fortsetter gjennom en kjoler 6 og rulles deretter opp på en rulle 7, hvis diameter bor være slik at den nå rettede tråd ikke blir buet. The wire, held at the desired temperature, is subjected to the actual mechanical straightening by alternating bending stresses, which is obtained by means of two sets of wheels 4 and 5 perpendicular to each other, whereupon the wire continues through a dresser 6 and is then wound up on a roller 7, whose diameter must be such that the now straightened thread does not become bent.
Nedenstående sammenlignende tabeller I og II viser de fordeler man oppnår ved metoden ifolge oppfinnelsen, i forhold til de vanlige metoder: The comparative tables I and II below show the advantages achieved by the method according to the invention, in relation to the usual methods:
I begge tilfelle har den anvendte maskintråd folgende sammensetning: In both cases, the machine thread used has the following composition:
rest: jern + urenheter. rest: iron + impurities.
Etter spesialherdning og trekking fra 11 mm til 7 mm, ble folgende egenskaper oppnådd: After special hardening and drawing from 11 mm to 7 mm, the following properties were achieved:
Ifolge den vanlige metode, blir tråden rettet ved romtemperatur ved vekslende boyningspåkjenninger og deretter behandlet ved 280°C, avkjolt og rullet opp. According to the usual method, the wire is straightened at room temperature under alternating bending stresses and then treated at 280°C, cooled and rolled up.
De oppnådde egenskaper etter retting og anlopning er nedtegnet i tabell I. Etter retting ved romtemperatur viste tråden folgende egenskaper: The properties achieved after straightening and tempering are recorded in table I. After straightening at room temperature, the thread showed the following properties:
Ved fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen ble tråden varmet opp til 280°, rettet ved vekslende boyningspåkjenninger ved samme temperatur, avkjolet og rullet opp ved romtemperatur, som vist på tegningen. In the method according to the invention, the thread was heated to 280°, straightened by alternating bending stresses at the same temperature, cooled and rolled up at room temperature, as shown in the drawing.
Av dette eksempel kan man se at retting ved romtemperatur reduserer de mekaniske egenskaper, bruddbelastning og elastisitetsgrense, som oker igjen ved anlopningen til slutt. Trådens bruddbelastning etter mekanisk retting ved romtemperatur og anlopning ved 280° er da meget nær trådens bruddbelastning etter trekking. From this example, it can be seen that straightening at room temperature reduces the mechanical properties, breaking load and elastic limit, which increase again during tempering at the end. The wire's breaking load after mechanical straightening at room temperature and annealing at 280° is then very close to the wire's breaking load after drawing.
Derimot, ved metoden ifolge oppfinnelsen, vil ikke retting utfort ved anldpningstemperatur redusere trådens bruddbelastning, men tvert imot oke den. For ovrig er trådens elastisitetsgrense hoyere, noe som er av stor interesse for anvendelse av tråden i form av fjærer eller av armering for forspent betong. On the other hand, with the method according to the invention, straightening at annealing temperature will not reduce the breaking load of the wire, but on the contrary will increase it. Furthermore, the wire's elastic limit is higher, which is of great interest for the use of the wire in the form of springs or as reinforcement for prestressed concrete.
Dessuten har trådene som fremstilles ved fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen, forbedrede spesifikasjoner når det gjelder langtidsdeformering og spenningsfrigjorelse. Moreover, the threads produced by the method according to the invention have improved specifications in terms of long-term deformation and stress release.
Når en fjær holdes under konstant belastning, har den en tendens til å bli lenger på grunn av langtidsdeformeringen, og fjæren betraktes som så meget bedre dess svakere forlengelsen under konstant belastning er: When a spring is kept under constant load, it tends to become longer due to the long-term deformation, and the spring is considered better the weaker the extension under constant load is:
På samme måte, i tilfelle av armering for forspent betong, Likewise, in the case of reinforcement for prestressed concrete,
som holdes under konstant lengde, eller i tilfelle av fjærer som utsettes for konstant deformasjon, konstaterer man at begynnelses-spenningen for forspenningsarmeringen eller for fjæren minsker gradvis etter en tid på grunn av spenningsfri-gjdreisen. which is kept under constant length, or in the case of springs subjected to constant deformation, it is noted that the initial stress of the prestressing reinforcement or of the spring decreases gradually after a time due to the stress-free travel.
De stålsorter man anvender til forspenning av betong eller til fremstilling av fjærer, betraktes som så meget bedre dess svakere spenningsfrigjorelsen er i lopet av tiden. The types of steel used for prestressing concrete or for the production of springs are considered to be better the weaker the stress release is over time.
I tabell II ser man betydelige kvalitative forskjeller mellom de verdier for langtidsdeformering og spenningsfrigjorelse for stål som rettes ved romtemperatur og ahlopes ifolge den vanlige metode, og tilsvarende stål som rettes ifolge den nye metode som er gjenstand for nærværende oppfinnelse, ved en temperatur som er hoyere enn romtemperaturen, men lavere enn omkrystalliserings-temperaturen. Table II shows significant qualitative differences between the values for long-term deformation and stress release for steel straightened at room temperature and annealed according to the usual method, and corresponding steel straightened according to the new method which is the subject of the present invention, at a temperature that is higher than room temperature, but lower than the recrystallization temperature.
Man ser at fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen reduserer spen-ningsf rigjorelsen og langtidsdeformeringen i et betydelig forhold, slik at man oppnår en vesentlig stålbesparelse. Fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen gjor det mulig å anvende det materiell som finnes i klassiske anlegg, ved at man bytter om rekkefolgen for gjennomgang i de kjente anordninger for retting og for anlopning. It can be seen that the method according to the invention reduces the stress release and the long-term deformation to a significant extent, so that a significant steel saving is achieved. The method according to the invention makes it possible to use the material found in classic plants, by changing the order of passage in the known devices for straightening and for annealing.
Oppfinnelsen er selvfolgelig ikke begrenset til de eksemplar på utforelse som er beskrevet og vist ovenfor; fra disse eksempler vil man kunne planlegge andre utforelsesmetoder uten på noen måte å overskride rammen for oppfinnelsen. The invention is, of course, not limited to the exemplary embodiments described and shown above; from these examples it will be possible to plan other implementation methods without in any way exceeding the scope of the invention.
Således vil man, f.eks. kunne erstatte induksjonsoppvarmingen med hvilket som helst annet oppvarmingssystem, slik som Joule-effekt, gassbrennere, smeltede metaller osv ... Thus, you will, e.g. could replace the induction heating with any other heating system, such as Joule effect, gas burners, molten metals, etc...
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR78741A FR1495847A (en) | 1966-10-04 | 1966-10-04 | Method for straightening carbon steel wires in particular, a device for implementing this method, as well as the wires obtained |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO126778B true NO126778B (en) | 1973-03-26 |
Family
ID=8618418
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO16995167A NO126778B (en) | 1966-10-04 | 1967-10-02 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE704044A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1627640A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1495847A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1206286A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6713388A (en) |
NO (1) | NO126778B (en) |
SE (1) | SE337840B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5064150A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1975-05-31 | ||
FR2476680B1 (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1986-07-11 | Trefilunion | PROCESS FOR TREATING METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR COLD DEFORMATION |
FR2530264B1 (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1989-12-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE RESISTANCE TO CRACKING CORROSION OF ELONGATED ELEMENTS SUCH AS FLEXIBLE CONDUITS OR CABLES, AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
FR2543976B1 (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1985-11-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | NEW PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE RESISTANCE TO CRACKING CORROSION OF ELONGATED ELEMENTS SUCH AS FLEXIBLE CONDUITS OR CABLES, AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
CN107321805A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-07 | 凡登(常州)新型金属材料技术有限公司 | Wire and its producing device and preparation method for flexible pipe |
CN107971430A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽天瑞电子科技有限公司 | Electric wire unreels high efficient and reliable cut-off device |
CN115121644B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-22 | 西安赛特思迈钛业有限公司 | Continuous straightening method for super-elastic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy superfine wire |
CN118385408A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-07-26 | 江苏青益金属科技股份有限公司 | Online annealing straightener of nickel base alloy wire |
-
1966
- 1966-10-04 FR FR78741A patent/FR1495847A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-09-19 BE BE704044D patent/BE704044A/xx unknown
- 1967-09-26 DE DE19671627640 patent/DE1627640A1/en active Pending
- 1967-10-02 NL NL6713388A patent/NL6713388A/xx unknown
- 1967-10-02 NO NO16995167A patent/NO126778B/no unknown
- 1967-10-02 GB GB4484667A patent/GB1206286A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-10-03 SE SE1355667A patent/SE337840B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE704044A (en) | 1968-02-01 |
FR1495847A (en) | 1967-09-22 |
SE337840B (en) | 1971-08-23 |
NL6713388A (en) | 1968-04-05 |
GB1206286A (en) | 1970-09-23 |
DE1627640A1 (en) | 1971-02-04 |
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