NO123565B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO123565B NO123565B NO16484666A NO16484666A NO123565B NO 123565 B NO123565 B NO 123565B NO 16484666 A NO16484666 A NO 16484666A NO 16484666 A NO16484666 A NO 16484666A NO 123565 B NO123565 B NO 123565B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- water
- nitrogen
- lime
- lime nitrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium cyanamide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[N-]=C=[N-] MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-2h-indazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OC)NN=C21 QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
- B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til granulering av kalkkvelstoff. Process for granulating lime nitrogen.
Ifølge den arbeidsmåte som er blitt an-vendt hittil er det nødvendig å underkaste kalkkvelstoff en forbehandling før den egentlige granuleringsprosess og da en vidt-gående hydratisering, da det bare på denne måte kan fremstilles et korn med tilstrek-kelig holdbarhet. Denne hydratisering pleier man å gjennomføre således at den nødvendige vannmengde hensiktsmessig tilsettes i flere trinn, idet det fuktede ma-terial får anledning til å reagere innen de enkelte trinn. En viss ammoniakkutvikling lar seg ikke unngå ved hydratiseringen. Denne ligger, beregnet på kvelstoff, på en størrelsesorden på 1 pst. og derover. According to the working method that has been used up to now, it is necessary to subject lime nitrogen to a pre-treatment before the actual granulation process and then extensive hydration, as only in this way can a grain with sufficient durability be produced. This hydration is usually carried out in such a way that the required amount of water is appropriately added in several stages, as the moistened material is given the opportunity to react within the individual stages. A certain amount of ammonia evolution cannot be avoided during the hydration. Calculated for nitrogen, this is on the order of 1 per cent and above.
Den egentlige granulerings- eller tørr-prosess slutter seg til forbehandlingen av kalkkvelstoffet. Kalkkvelstoffet fuktes i en blandeapparatur med vann, kalksalpeter-lut osv. og granuleres på kjent måte. Den dertil nødvendige fuktighetsmengde utgjør ca. 20 pst. Det fremstilte granulat siles på kjent måte og tørkes. Anvendelse av opp-varmningsmaterial for tørkningen ligger ved ca. 1 000 000 Kcal. pr. tonn kvelstoff. Den ammoniakkutvikling som opptrer ved tørkeprosessen beløper seg, beregnet på kvelstoff, til l pst. og mer. The actual granulation or dry process joins the pre-treatment of the lime nitrogen. The lime nitrogen is moistened in a mixing apparatus with water, lime-nitre-lye, etc. and granulated in a known manner. The amount of moisture required for this is approx. 20 per cent. The produced granules are sieved in a known manner and dried. Use of heating material for drying is approx. 1,000,000 Kcal. per tons of nitrogen. The ammonia evolution that occurs during the drying process amounts, calculated on nitrogen, to l percent and more.
Det ble nu funnet, at ved tilsetning av urinstoff eller urinstoffsalter, slik som nitrat, fosfat, sulfat osv. kan en forbehandling av kalkkvelstoffet utelates, og det kan granuleres med betydelig mindre vann-mengder. Dessuten fåes en betydelig for-enkling av fremgangsmåten ved siden av bemerkelsesverdige økonomiske fordeler. It was now found that by adding urea or urea salts, such as nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, etc., a pre-treatment of the lime nitrogen substance can be omitted, and it can be granulated with significantly smaller amounts of water. Moreover, a considerable simplification of the method is obtained in addition to remarkable economic advantages.
Allerede 2 pst. urinstoff-N, tilsatt i fast Already 2 percent urea-N, added in solid
form til det ubehandlede kalkkvelstoff, be-virker eh senkning av vannbehovet ved graT form to the untreated lime nitrogen, causes a lowering of the water requirement at graT
nulering på 25 pst.; ved 6 pst. urinstoff-N endog til bare halvparten av den vannmengde som normalt anvendes. En videre senkning av vannbehovet oppnår man ved samtidig tilsetning av kalksalpeter. Således faller vannbehovet f. eks. ved 4 pst. urinstoff-N og 2 pst. nitrat-N til y3 til <1>4 av zeroing of 25 per cent; at 6 percent urea-N even to only half the amount of water that is normally used. A further lowering of the water requirement is achieved by the simultaneous addition of lime nitrate. Thus, the water demand falls, e.g. at 4% urea-N and 2% nitrate-N to y3 to <1>4 of
normalverdien, idet det samtidig oppnås en god holdbarhet for kornet. the normal value, while at the same time a good shelf life is achieved for the grain.
Tilsetningen av urinstoffsalter til ube-handlet kalkkvelstoff har på samme måte The addition of urea salts to untreated lime nitrogen has the same effect
vist seg god. Her ligger forholdene — spe-sielt urinstoffnitrat — endog noe gunsti-gere enn ved kombinasjoner av urinstoff og proved good. Here the conditions — especially urea nitrate — are even somewhat more favorable than with combinations of urea and
kalksalpeter med samme kvelstoff konsen-trasjoner. Denne ekstra forbedring lar seg forklare ved en dissosiasjon av urinstoffsaltet, hvorved den dannede syre nøytrali-serer den fri kalk og det vann som derved dannes, deltar i hydratiseringen. lime nitrate with the same nitrogen concentrations. This additional improvement can be explained by a dissociation of the urea salt, whereby the acid formed neutralizes the free lime and the water thus formed participates in the hydration.
Det samtidige nærvær av nitratkvel-stoff virker også gunstig med henblikk på gj ødningsvirkningen. The simultaneous presence of nitrate nitrogen also has a beneficial effect with regard to the fertilizing effect.
Ifølge den nye fremgangsmåte kan alt-så hydratiseringen, som utføres i flere trinn og er forbundet med kvelstofftap bortfalle, og granulerprosessen som normalt er forbundet med sile- og oppdelingsaggregater, kan foregå i en betydelig, enklere appara-tur. Den nye fremgangsmåte krever ikke mer enn 20 pst. vann, men ved samme gra-nuleringsbehov bare 5 til 6 pst. Det er-hodte granulat tørker sterkt allerede etter opphold i blandeapparatet. Selv om ikke en ekstra tørking helt kan utelates, kom-mer man dog frem med en vesentlig mindre Jørkeapparatur. Derved går også mengden :åv oppvarmningsmateriale sterkt tilbake. Ammoniakkavspaltningen er ubetydelig, likeså dicyandiamiddannelsen. According to the new method, the all-so hydration, which is carried out in several steps and is associated with nitrogen loss, can be dispensed with, and the granulation process, which is normally associated with sieve and division aggregates, can take place in a significantly simpler apparatus. The new method does not require more than 20 per cent water, but with the same granulation requirement only 5 to 6 per cent. The dried granules dry strongly already after being in the mixing apparatus. Although an additional drying cannot be completely omitted, the result is a significantly smaller Jørke apparatus. Thereby, the amount of heating material is also greatly reduced. Ammonia release is negligible, as is dicyandiamide formation.
Eksempel 1: 43 vektsdeler kalkkveltsof f blandes i et egnet blandeapparat med 7 vektsdeler urinstoff (tilsvarende 6 pst. urinstoff-N, beregnet på totalvekten). Etter 1 til 2 minutter oversprøyter man med 5 vektsdeler vann (9 pst. av totalvekten), og i løpet av 20 til 30 minutter danner det seg et finkornet granulat. Example 1: 43 parts by weight of lime slaked soda are mixed in a suitable mixing device with 7 parts by weight of urea (equivalent to 6 percent urea-N, calculated on the total weight). After 1 to 2 minutes, sprinkle with 5 parts by weight of water (9 per cent of the total weight), and within 20 to 30 minutes a fine-grained granule forms.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
36,5 vektsdeler kalkkvelstoff blandes i en egnet blandeapparatur med 5,0 vektsdeler urinstoff (tilsvarende 4 pst. urinstoff-N, beregnet på totalvekten) og 8,5 vektsdeler kalksalpeter (tilsvarende 2 pst. nitrat-N, beregnet på totalvekten). Etter 1 til 2 minutter sprøyter man inn 3,8 vektsdeler vann (7 pst. av totalvekten) og i løpet av 15—20 minutter dannes det et finkornet granulat med følgende kornsammenset-ning: 36.5 parts by weight of lime nitrogen are mixed in a suitable mixing device with 5.0 parts by weight of urea (equivalent to 4 per cent of urea-N, calculated on the total weight) and 8.5 parts by weight of lime nitrate (equivalent to 2 per cent of nitrate-N, calculated on the total weight). After 1 to 2 minutes, 3.8 parts by weight of water (7 per cent of the total weight) are injected and within 15-20 minutes a fine-grained granule with the following grain composition is formed:
Eksmpel 3: I Example 3: I
50 vektsdeler kalkkvelstoff blandes i en egnet blandeapparatur med 11,5 vektsdeler urinstoff nitrat (tilsvarende 6 pst. urinstoffnitrat-N, beregnet på totalvekten). Etter 1 til 2 minutter sprøyter man inn 3,2 vektsdeler vann (5 pst. av totalvekten) og i lø- 50 parts by weight of lime nitrogen are mixed in a suitable mixing device with 11.5 parts by weight of urea nitrate (equivalent to 6 percent urea nitrate-N, calculated on the total weight). After 1 to 2 minutes, inject 3.2 parts by weight of water (5 per cent of the total weight) and in
pet av 5—10 minutter danner det seg et finkornet granulat med samme kornsam-mensetning som i eksempel 2. after 5-10 minutes, a fine-grained granule forms with the same grain composition as in example 2.
I stedet for tørre urinstoffsalter kan det også anvendes de fuktige salter som fåes i sentrifugen, idet deres vanninnhold skal regnes på totalvannmengden. Instead of dry urea salts, the moist salts obtained in the centrifuge can also be used, as their water content must be calculated on the total amount of water.
Det er allerede kjent å blande kalkkvelstoff med urinstoff nitrat (tysk patent 304.282) og behandle med urinstoffoppløs-ninger (sveitsisk patent nr. 92.144). Ikke i noen av disse tilfelle har urinstoffet eller urinstoffsaltet her den oppgave å erstatte hydratiseringen av kalkkvelstoffet før granuleringen, da det ikke i noen av disse tilfelle dreier seg om frem-stilling av granulert kalkkvelstoff. Det er i et hvert tilfelle overraskende at hydratiseringen ved fremstillingen av granulert kalkkvelstoff kan utelates ved anvendelse av urinstoff eller urinstoffsalt. Anvendelsen av urinstoff eller urinstoffsalt for avstøv-ning av kalkkvelstoffet gir ingen anlednin-ger til slutninger som kan føre til at hydratiseringen ved fremstillingen av granulert kalkkvelstoff kan erstattes ved nærvær av urinstoff eller urinstoffsalt. It is already known to mix lime nitrogen with urea nitrate (German patent 304,282) and treat with urea solutions (Swiss patent no. 92,144). In none of these cases does the urea or the urea salt here have the task of replacing the hydration of the lime nitrogen before granulation, as none of these cases involve the production of granulated lime nitrogen. It is in each case surprising that the hydration in the production of granulated lime nitrogen can be omitted by using urea or urea salt. The use of urea or urea salt for dusting the lime nitrogen gives no reason for conclusions which could lead to the hydration in the production of granulated lime nitrogen being replaced by the presence of urea or urea salt.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4064365A GB1117256A (en) | 1965-09-23 | 1965-09-23 | Thermoformed packages |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO123565B true NO123565B (en) | 1971-12-06 |
Family
ID=10415912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO16484666A NO123565B (en) | 1965-09-23 | 1966-09-22 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE687256A (en) |
CH (1) | CH478027A (en) |
DK (1) | DK116265B (en) |
FI (1) | FI45942C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1117256A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6613377A (en) |
NO (1) | NO123565B (en) |
SE (1) | SE313277B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1403038A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-03-31 | Lankhorst Indutech B.V. | Method for reinforcing an article and reinforced article |
AR041322A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-05-11 | Lankhorst Indutech Bv | METHOD FOR REINFORCING AN ARTICLE |
-
1965
- 1965-09-23 GB GB4064365A patent/GB1117256A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-09-22 FI FI249266A patent/FI45942C/en active
- 1966-09-22 SE SE1278966A patent/SE313277B/xx unknown
- 1966-09-22 CH CH1365666A patent/CH478027A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-09-22 NL NL6613377A patent/NL6613377A/xx unknown
- 1966-09-22 NO NO16484666A patent/NO123565B/no unknown
- 1966-09-22 DK DK492566A patent/DK116265B/en unknown
- 1966-09-22 BE BE687256D patent/BE687256A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI45942C (en) | 1972-11-10 |
CH478027A (en) | 1969-09-15 |
FI45942B (en) | 1972-07-31 |
DE1536060B1 (en) | 1973-02-08 |
BE687256A (en) | 1967-03-22 |
NL6613377A (en) | 1967-03-28 |
DK116265B (en) | 1969-12-22 |
GB1117256A (en) | 1968-06-19 |
SE313277B (en) | 1969-08-04 |
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