NO122470B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO122470B NO122470B NO433569A NO433569A NO122470B NO 122470 B NO122470 B NO 122470B NO 433569 A NO433569 A NO 433569A NO 433569 A NO433569 A NO 433569A NO 122470 B NO122470 B NO 122470B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- ammonium nitrate
- activated carbon
- gas
- propellant
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPHVHMBNGQRCNN-ZVGUSBNCSA-N [K].C([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound [K].C([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)O)(=O)O BPHVHMBNGQRCNN-ZVGUSBNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(6+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+6].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/30—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matter; with resin; with rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
Drivsats for trykkpatroner. Drive set for pressure cartridges.
For frembringelse av trykkgass er det kjent patroner som som gassfrembringende forbindelser inneholder stoffer som er oppbygget enten på basis av nitrocellulose-forbindelser eller på basis av ammoniumnitrat med brennbare stoffer. For the production of compressed gas, cartridges are known which, as gas-producing compounds, contain substances which are built up either on the basis of nitrocellulose compounds or on the basis of ammonium nitrate with combustible substances.
Sistnevnte reagerer imidlertid bare når det til dem til-blandes spesielle reaksjonsakseleratorer. Som reaksjonsakseleratorer er det f.eks. kjent ammoniumdikromat, natriumtartrat, kobberoksyd, miloriblått og lignende. Ved anvendelse av disse stoffer virker det uheldig at de reagerer spontant med ammoniumnitrat og kan spalte dette eksplosivt. The latter, however, only react when special reaction accelerators are mixed with them. As reaction accelerators, there are e.g. known ammonium dichromate, sodium tartrate, copper oxide, milori blue and the like. When using these substances, it seems unfortunate that they react spontaneously with ammonium nitrate and can decompose this explosively.
En ytterligere ulempe ved disse kjente trykkgassfrembringende satser er at de ofte omsetter seg under flammeforeteelse; derved oppstår en meget varm drivgass som er uønsket for mange formål. A further disadvantage of these known compressed gas-producing batches is that they often react during flame occurrence; thereby creating a very hot propellant gas which is undesirable for many purposes.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en trykkgassfrembringende drivsats på basis av ammoniumnitrat og kull og som gir kjølige gasser, idet drivsatsen er karakterisert ved at den inneholder 86-93 vektprosent av en binær blanding av 83-95 vektprosent ammoniumnitrat og 5-17 vektprosent aktivkull og J- lh vektprosent av en forbindelse som spalter seg endotermt eller sublimerer, og som ved sin spaltning og/eller sublimering forbruker varme og danner kjølige gasser. The invention relates to a pressurized gas-producing propellant based on ammonium nitrate and coal and which produces cool gases, the propellant being characterized by the fact that it contains 86-93 weight percent of a binary mixture of 83-95 weight percent ammonium nitrate and 5-17 weight percent activated carbon and J-lh weight percent of a compound which splits endothermically or sublimates, and which by its splitting and/or sublimation consumes heat and forms cool gases.
Det er riktignok allerede kjent å blande karbon i Admittedly, it is already known to mix carbon in
form av trekull, sot og lignende til ammoniumnitratholdige blandinger. Slike blandinger omsetter seg imidlertid ikke uklanderlig i den ønskede retning, således at det ikke kan anvendes som trykkgassfrembringende blandinger, de må alltid dessuten inneholde en reaksjonsakselerator. Det var derfor overraskende at aktivkull kunne overta rollen av reaksjonsakselerator, idet samtidig de til en drivgass stilte krav også ble oppfylt. Anvendelsen av aktivkull har videre den fordel at det ikke dessuten må tilsettes i tillegg et brennbart stoff til drivsatsen. in the form of charcoal, soot and the like for mixtures containing ammonium nitrate. However, such mixtures do not react impeccably in the desired direction, so that they cannot be used as pressurized gas-generating mixtures, they must also always contain a reaction accelerator. It was therefore surprising that activated carbon could take over the role of reaction accelerator, as at the same time the requirements set for a propellant gas were also met. The use of activated carbon also has the advantage that a combustible substance does not have to be added to the propellant.
En blanding som er oppbygget på disse stoffer kan ikke bringes til detonasjon ved hjelp av en sprengkapsel. Ved dens avbrenning oppstår gasser hvis temperatur ligger under 400°C. En flamme- eller gnistdannelse opptrer ikke. A mixture made up of these substances cannot be detonated by means of a detonating capsule. When it burns, gases occur whose temperature is below 400°C. A flame or spark does not occur.
Ved avbrenning oppstår av 1 g av en slik blanding 0,3-0,5 Nml drivgass som hovedsakelig består av nitrogen, karbondioksyd og vanndamp. Av enkelthetsgrunner betegnes i det følgende denne gass som kjølig gass. When burned, 0.3-0.5 Nml of propellant gas is produced from 1 g of such a mixture, which mainly consists of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour. For reasons of simplicity, this gas is referred to in the following as cool gas.
For fremstilling av disse blandinger kan det anvendes de kjente typer av aktivkull. Gunstig er når den spesifikke indre overflate utgjør 3-12.10 fi cm 2/g. Videre skal aktivkullet for å For the production of these mixtures, the known types of activated carbon can be used. Favorable is when the specific internal surface is 3-12.10 fi cm 2 /g. Furthermore, the active coal must in order to
unngå separering ha samme kornstørrelse som ammoniumnitratet; fordelaktig er en kornstørrelse på 100$ 0,1 mm. avoid separation have the same grain size as the ammonium nitrate; a grain size of 100$ 0.1 mm is advantageous.
Til blandingene av ammoniumnitrat og aktivkull tilsettes for flegmatisering og til moderering av avbrannen dessuten stoffer som mildner omsetningen. Hertil egner det seg slike forbindelser som enten sublimerer under varmeforbruk eller fullstendig endotermt nedbrytes i ga3sformede, ikke synlige spaltningsprodukter som ikke har agressive eller sunnhetsskadelige egenskaper. Eksempel-vis lar det seg som slike forbindelser fremfor alt anvende ammonium- og/eller alkalisalter eller syreamider av alifatiske, fortrinnsvis rettlinjede dikarbonsyrer med 2-6, fortrinnsvis 2-4, C-atomer som eventuelt dessuten inneholder hydroksylgrupper. Eksem-pelvis skal det nevnes ammoniumoksalat, natriumoksalat, ammonium-adipinat, kaliumtartrat og oksamid. To the mixtures of ammonium nitrate and activated charcoal, for phlegmatization and to moderate the burning, substances that soften the turnover are also added. Suitable for this are compounds that either sublimate during heat consumption or completely endothermicly break down into gaseous, invisible decomposition products that do not have aggressive or health-damaging properties. For example, ammonium and/or alkali salts or acid amides of aliphatic, preferably linear dicarboxylic acids with 2-6, preferably 2-4, C atoms which optionally also contain hydroxyl groups can be used as such compounds. Examples include ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, ammonium adipinate, potassium tartrate and oxamide.
Det egner seg imidlertid også ammonium- og alkalisalter av karbon, som f.eks. natriumkarbonat og natriumbikarbonat. Også karbamater lar seg anvende. Som flegmatiseringstilsetninger egner det seg imidlertid også urinstoff og dets derivater. However, ammonium and alkali salts of carbon are also suitable, such as e.g. sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Carbamates can also be used. However, urea and its derivatives are also suitable as phlegmatizing additives.
De nevnte flegmatiseringstilsetninger kan helt eller delvis erstattes med grafitt. De skal hvis mulig ha en kornstørrelse som tilsvarer ammoniumnitratets for å unngå separering. Fordelaktig er en kornstørrelse hvor 100$ passerer en sikt på 0,1 mm maskevidde. The mentioned phlegmatizing additives can be completely or partially replaced with graphite. If possible, they should have a grain size that corresponds to that of the ammonium nitrate to avoid separation. Advantageous is a grain size where $100 passes a sieve of 0.1 mm mesh size.
Videre kan det til de ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilte drivsatser også tilsettes V^O^ eller CuO som reaksjonsakseleratorer. Disse stoffers tilsetning skal imidlertid bare ligge mellom 0,1 Furthermore, V^O^ or CuO can also be added to the propellants produced according to the invention as reaction accelerators. However, the addition of these substances should only be between 0.1
til 2 vektprosent. to 2 percent by weight.
Det er gunstig når man innfører blandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen i en patron i upresset tilstand rundt en avgassingskanal; denne avgassingskanal skal hvis mulig ha form av en sylinder og befinne seg i patronens midte. It is advantageous when introducing the mixture according to the invention into a cartridge in an unpressurized state around a degassing channel; this degassing channel should, if possible, have the shape of a cylinder and be located in the center of the cartridge.
Eksempel. Example.
1. Det ble fremstilt en trykksats av følgende bestanddeler: 1. A pressure batch was prepared from the following components:
Disse bestanddeler ble blandet godt og ifylt i en patron. Etterat den ble tent ved en pyroteknisk tenning, ga blandingen 400 Nml/g gass, som hovedsakelig besto av nitrogen, karbondioksyd og vann. These ingredients were mixed well and filled into a cartridge. After being ignited by a pyrotechnic ignition, the mixture gave off 400 Nml/g of gas, which consisted mainly of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Det ble fremstilt en blanding som hadde følgende sammensetning: A mixture was prepared which had the following composition:
Blandingen ble forarbeidet analogt eksempel 1 og ga 3^0 Nml/g gass, som hovedsakelig besto av nitrogen, karbondioksyd og vanndamp. The mixture was prepared analogously to example 1 and gave 3^0 Nml/g of gas, which mainly consisted of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681806550 DE1806550C3 (en) | 1968-11-02 | Propellant charge that generates pressurized gas and delivers cool gases |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO122470B true NO122470B (en) | 1971-06-28 |
Family
ID=5712131
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO433569A NO122470B (en) | 1968-11-02 | 1969-11-01 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT289622B (en) |
BE (1) | BE741025A (en) |
CH (1) | CH530947A (en) |
CS (1) | CS156460B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2022468A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1219050A (en) |
NO (1) | NO122470B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1048272A (en) * | 1974-08-26 | 1979-02-13 | Eugene F. Garner | Low temperature gas generator propellant |
WO1986002347A1 (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-24 | Kurtz Earl F | Explosive composition and method |
US4728376A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1988-03-01 | Golden Power Of Texas, Inc. | Explosive composition and method |
US4997496A (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1991-03-05 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Explosive and propellant composition and method |
DE69834107T2 (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2006-09-21 | Nof Corp. | Gas Generating Compositions |
EP3107982B1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-12-13 | Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc. | Hydroxylammonium nitrate monopropellant with burn rate modifier |
-
1969
- 1969-10-28 CH CH1603969A patent/CH530947A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-10-30 CS CS717769A patent/CS156460B2/cs unknown
- 1969-10-30 BE BE741025D patent/BE741025A/xx unknown
- 1969-10-31 FR FR6937534A patent/FR2022468A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-10-31 AT AT1025669A patent/AT289622B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-10-31 GB GB5361369A patent/GB1219050A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-11-01 NO NO433569A patent/NO122470B/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1806550A1 (en) | 1970-09-24 |
CS156460B2 (en) | 1974-07-24 |
DE1806550B2 (en) | 1976-07-22 |
BE741025A (en) | 1970-04-01 |
FR2022468A1 (en) | 1970-07-31 |
AT289622B (en) | 1971-04-26 |
GB1219050A (en) | 1971-01-13 |
CH530947A (en) | 1972-11-30 |
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