NO120098B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO120098B NO120098B NO4668/68A NO466868A NO120098B NO 120098 B NO120098 B NO 120098B NO 4668/68 A NO4668/68 A NO 4668/68A NO 466868 A NO466868 A NO 466868A NO 120098 B NO120098 B NO 120098B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- aluminum
- magnesium
- salt
- sulphate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical class [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical class [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008279 sol Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 8
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical class [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium nickel sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PYRZPBDTPRQYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CCCC1 PYRZPBDTPRQYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001254 electrum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010940 green gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/20—Electrolytic after-treatment
- C25D11/22—Electrolytic after-treatment for colouring layers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et anorganisk farvet, anodisk oksydbelegg på overflaten av aluminiumgjenstander. Method for producing an inorganically colored, anodic oxide coating on the surface of aluminum objects.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et anorganisk, farvet, anodisk oksydbelegg på overflaten av aluminiumgjenstander.. Med uttrykket "aluminium" skal det heretter forstås både aluminium av vanlig kommersielt til-gjengelig renhet og legeringer på aluminiumbasis som er hensiktsmessig for konvensjonell anodiseringsbehandling. Med uttrykket "aluminiumgjenstander" skal det også forstås halvfabrikata som f.eks. opprullet aluminiumbane og ekstruderte aluminiumseksjoner. The present invention relates to a method for the production of an inorganic, colored, anodic oxide coating on the surface of aluminum objects. The term "aluminium" shall hereafter be understood to mean both aluminum of normal commercially available purity and aluminum-based alloys suitable for conventional anodizing treatment . The term "aluminium objects" shall also mean semi-finished products such as e.g. coiled aluminum web and extruded aluminum sections.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en kjent totrinnsprosess The present invention relates to a known two-stage process
for fremstilling av farvet belegg, idet det i et forste trinn for the production of colored coating, since in a first step
dannes et anodisk oksydbelegg på en aluminiumgjenstand og i et andre trinn utvikles en farve i det anodiske oksydbelegg ved å an anodic oxide coating is formed on an aluminum object and in a second step a color is developed in the anodic oxide coating by
la en vekselstrom passere mellom aluminiumgjenstanden og en motelektrode mens aluminiumgjenstanden og elektroden er nedsenket i et bad som inneholder en opplost blanding av et utvalgt metall i et vandig, surt medium. Under disse forhold farves det anodiske oksydbelegg på aluminiumgjenstanden. Mer spesielt vedrorer oppfinnelsen en slik prosess hvor det sure badet for behandling med vekselstrom inneholder nikkel-, kobolt-, kobber-, solv- eller blysalt eller et oksyd av selen, tellur eller mangan eller et salt av slike oksyder. passing an alternating current between the aluminum article and a counter electrode while the aluminum article and the electrode are immersed in a bath containing a dissolved mixture of a selected metal in an aqueous, acidic medium. Under these conditions, the anodic oxide coating on the aluminum object is colored. More particularly, the invention relates to such a process where the acid bath for treatment with alternating current contains a nickel, cobalt, copper, silver or lead salt or an oxide of selenium, tellurium or manganese or a salt of such oxides.
Den kjente prosess fremgår av tysk patent nr. 741.753, US patent nr. 3.382.160 og britisk patent nr. 1.027.927. The known process appears in German patent no. 741,753, US patent no. 3,382,160 and British patent no. 1,027,927.
I den kjente prosess kan motelektroden være fremstilt av et materiale som f.eks. grafitt som er inert med hensyn på elektrolytten, eller være fremstilt av et metall som har et opplosnings-potensial, hvilket metall som i de utvalgte ioner i opplosning i elektrolytten. F.eks. kan det være meget effektivt å anvende en motelektrode av nikkel i det tilfelle at elektrolytten i badet inneholder opplost nikkel, men ved de fleste andre bad foretrekkes en^ grafittelektrode. In the known process, the counter electrode can be made of a material such as e.g. graphite which is inert with regard to the electrolyte, or be made of a metal which has a dissolution potential, which metal is in the selected ions in solution in the electrolyte. E.g. it can be very effective to use a nickel counter electrode in the event that the electrolyte in the bath contains dissolved nickel, but in most other baths a graphite electrode is preferred.
Ifolge den kjente prosess fremstilles i det anodiske belegget en farvet avleiring av et oksyd eller hydroksyd. På denne måte kan det oppnås et flertall farver, inklusive gull eller andre gul-toner, forskjellige nyanser av rodt og brunt, bronse og lignende dype farver inklusive sort ved valg av saltet og intensitet og varighet av behandlingen. According to the known process, a colored deposit of an oxide or hydroxide is produced in the anodic coating. In this way, a plurality of colors can be achieved, including gold or other yellow tones, various shades of red and brown, bronze and similar deep colors including black by choosing the salt and the intensity and duration of the treatment.
I forbindelse med den kjente prosess oppstår det visse vanskeligheter, særlig når behandlingstiden eller betingelsene reguleres for å gi morkere nyanser i forbindelse med en relativt tykk eller kraftig avleiring i den anodiske oksydfilm, hvilket forårsaker farvelose eller bleke lokale flekker i belegget, hvilke flekker kan være av ubetydelig storrelse, men ikke desto mindre er hoyst ubnskede. In connection with the known process, certain difficulties arise, particularly when the treatment time or conditions are regulated to give darker shades in connection with a relatively thick or heavy deposit in the anodic oxide film, which causes colorless or pale local spots in the coating, which spots can be of negligible size, but none the less are highly undesirable.
Hovedformålet med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er å redusere forekomsten av defekter og særlig å oppnå morkere toner som kan tilveiebringes ved hoyere spenninger eller lengere behandlings-tid eller begge deler med en reduksjon eller eliminering av for-ringelsen av det farvede belegget på grunn av defekter. The main purpose of the present invention is to reduce the occurrence of defects and in particular to achieve darker tones which can be provided at higher voltages or longer treatment time or both with a reduction or elimination of the deterioration of the colored coating due to defects.
Med det formål å hindre defekter tilsettes badet som anvendes i forbindelse med behandling med vekselstrom et magnesiumsalt eller, unntatt i det tilfelle at badet inneholder nikkel- eller koboltsalter, et aluminiumsalt i en effektiv mengde. With the aim of preventing defects, a magnesium salt or, except in the case that the bath contains nickel or cobalt salts, an aluminum salt in an effective amount is added to the bath used in connection with treatment with alternating current.
Det vandige bad som inneholder det utvalgte salt for avsetning av et farvet oksyd eller hydroksyd på den på forhånd dannede anodiske oksydfilm, bor inneholde ca. 100 deler pr. million magnesium- eller aluminiumioner, hvilket tilsvarer ca. ett gram pr. liter magnesiumsulfat (beregnet som MgSO^.TI^O), eller aluminiumsulfat (beregnet som Al2(S04)3.18H20). Således kan et typisk bad inneholde salt som er utvalgt for farving, hensiktsmessig sure og tilhorende bestanddeler og et magnesium- eller aluminiumsalt, som med fordel inneholder et anion hvis det på ikke annen måte er tilstede i elektrolytten. The aqueous bath containing the selected salt for depositing a colored oxide or hydroxide on the previously formed anodic oxide film should contain approx. 100 parts per million magnesium or aluminum ions, which corresponds to approx. one gram per liter of magnesium sulphate (calculated as MgSO^.TI^O), or aluminum sulphate (calculated as Al2(S04)3.18H20). Thus, a typical bath may contain salt selected for dyeing, suitably acidic and associated constituents and a magnesium or aluminum salt, which advantageously contains an anion if not otherwise present in the electrolyte.
Den kjente metode for tilveiebringelse av farvede belegg har en spesiell praktisk verdi ved anvendelse av nikkelholdig eller kobberholdig bad, og tilsvarende har man funnet at en slik blanding •markert forbedres ved tilstedeværelse av bundet magnesium i opp-losningen eller, i tilfelle av et kobberholdig bad av bundet aluminium. En spesiell fordel med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er at en elektrolytt kan anvendes for å tilveiebringe et bedre område av nyanser eller toner, vel å merke opp til de mbrkeste slik at prosessen er gitt en forbedret fleksibilitet hva angår anvendelse. Videre har man funnet at i nikkelholdig og kobberholdig opplosning og andre kan det oppnås mer intenst farvede og defektfri overflater under ellers like forhold. The known method of providing colored coatings has a particular practical value when using a nickel-containing or copper-containing bath, and accordingly it has been found that such a mixture is markedly improved by the presence of bound magnesium in the solution or, in the case of a copper-containing bath of bonded aluminium. A particular advantage of the present invention is that an electrolyte can be used to provide a better range of shades or tones, especially the weakest, so that the process is given improved flexibility in terms of application. Furthermore, it has been found that in nickel-containing and copper-containing solutions and others, more intensely colored and defect-free surfaces can be obtained under otherwise equal conditions.
Som angitt involverer den fullstendige prosess for fremstilling av et farvet belegg på en aluminiumoverflate forst anodisering av overflaten på konvensjonell måte for å frembringe et anodisk oksydbelegg, f.eks. av en type som vanligvis påfores for beskyttelse e.l. formål. Anodiseringstrinnet utgjores fortrinnsvis av en konvensjonell direkte stromanodisering i svovelsyre under betingelser bestemt for å gi et heller porost belegg, som f.eks. anodisering i 20 til 60 minutter i 15 % (vektprosent) svovelsyre ved 15° - 25° C. Driftsbetingelsene ved anodiseringstrinnet synes ikke å være meget kritisk, men selvom de velges grovt tilpasset tykkelsen og andre karakteristika av det bnskede anodiske belegg, kan det etterfolgende farvingstrinn utoves tilfredsstillende over et betraktelig tykkelsesområde av porbst, anodisk aluminiumoksydbelegg. As indicated, the complete process for producing a colored coating on an aluminum surface involves first anodizing the surface in a conventional manner to produce an anodic oxide coating, e.g. of a type that is usually applied for protection etc. purpose. The anodization step is preferably carried out by a conventional direct stromanodization in sulfuric acid under conditions determined to give a rather porous coating, such as e.g. anodizing for 20 to 60 minutes in 15% (percentage by weight) sulfuric acid at 15° - 25° C. The operating conditions at the anodizing stage do not seem to be very critical, but even if they are chosen roughly according to the thickness and other characteristics of the desired anodic coating, the subsequent coloring steps are carried out satisfactorily over a considerable thickness range of porbst, anodic aluminum oxide coating.
Badet som anvendes i det etterfolgende vekselstrbmfarvingstrinn, tilsettes et utvalgt magnesium- eller aluminiumsalt (eller andre stoffer som blir opplost) i vesentlig overskytende mengde med hensyn på hva som kreves for å oppnå 100 deler pr. million av magnesium- eller aluminiumioner for tilpasning til en langsom, men kontinuerlig utarming av slike ioner ettersom badet stadig anvendes på nytt, dvs. for å hindre en stadig etterfylling av Mg-innhold. To the bath used in the subsequent alternating current dyeing step, a selected magnesium or aluminum salt (or other substances which are dissolved) is added in a substantially excess amount with regard to what is required to achieve 100 parts per million of magnesium or aluminum ions to adapt to a slow but continuous depletion of such ions as the bath is constantly reused, i.e. to prevent a constant replenishment of Mg content.
Eksempler på hensiktsmessige bad for tilveiebringelse av farvede, anodiske oksydbelegg er angitt i tysk patent nr. 741.753. Dette "patent viser at gode resultater er blitt oppnådd med bad som inneholder nikkel- eller koboltsalter når pH-verdien reguleres til området mellom 3,5 og 5,5, fortrinnsvis mellom 4 og 4,5, mens ved anvendelse av andre salter av den gruppen som er nevnt ovenfor, er det foretrukne pH-område 0,5 til 2. Examples of appropriate baths for providing colored, anodic oxide coatings are indicated in German patent no. 741,753. This "patent shows that good results have been obtained with baths containing nickel or cobalt salts when the pH value is adjusted to the range between 3.5 and 5.5, preferably between 4 and 4.5, while when using other salts of the group mentioned above, the preferred pH range is 0.5 to 2.
Ifblge den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilsettes elektrolytten magnesium eller aluminium i form av et salt, idet et anion av dette allerede er tilstede i badet eller på annen måte er foren-bart med dette slik det vil forstås eller lett kan bestemmes. Således kan f.eks. en foretrukket nikkelelektrolytt inneholde nikkelsulfat og borsyre til hvilken magnesium kan tilsettes som magnesiumsulfat eller borat. Alternativt kan magnesium eller aluminium tilfores som en reaktiv form av tilsvarende oksyd eller hydroksyd, idet dette blir et tilsvarende opplost salt ved According to the present invention, magnesium or aluminum is added to the electrolyte in the form of a salt, an anion of which is already present in the bath or is otherwise compatible with it as will be understood or can be easily determined. Thus, e.g. a preferred nickel electrolyte contain nickel sulfate and boric acid to which magnesium can be added as magnesium sulfate or borate. Alternatively, magnesium or aluminum can be supplied as a reactive form of the corresponding oxide or hydroxide, as this becomes a corresponding dissolved salt at
tilstedeværelse av sure bestanddeler av badet. presence of acidic components of the bath.
Vanligvis vil mengden av magnesium eller aluminium som er opplost i badet, være tilstrekkelig til signifikant å hindre defekter, dvs. å hindre eller redusere at det oppstår små flekker eller avskallede områder eller lignende flekker eller defekter i det farvede produkt, f.eks. i morkere eller meget morke toner som er oppnådd ved det utvalgte metall. Selv om slike defekter ofte resulterer i farvelose eller bleke flekker, kan det av og til fremkomme på annen måte som f.eks. hvor avskalling nær star-ten av vekselstrombehandlingen forer til en mer intens tone på grunn av en spesiell intens strom til de avskallede områder. Vanligvis bor i det minste 100 deler pr. million av magnesium eller aluminium være tilstede for gode resultater og fortrinnsvis i det minste 2 gram pr. liter magnesium- eller aluminiumsulfat, svarende til ca. 200 deler pr. million av magnesium eller aluminium. Fortrinnsvis tilsettes magnesium eller aluminium i en mengde for å gi i det minste 1000 deler pr. million av magnesium eller aluminium som f.eks. ca. 10 til 25 gram pr. liter av MgS04.7H20 eller Al2(S04)3.18H20, særlig for å hindre urimelig rask utarming. Selv betraktelig storre mengder opptil 40 gram pr. liter av magnesium- eller aluminiumsalt (4000 deler pr. million Mg eller Al) har ikke vist skadelig virkning, slik at den ovre grense synes forst og fremst okonomisk. Generally, the amount of magnesium or aluminum dissolved in the bath will be sufficient to significantly prevent defects, i.e. to prevent or reduce the occurrence of small spots or peeling areas or similar spots or defects in the dyed product, e.g. in darker or very dark tones obtained by the selected metal. Although such defects often result in colorless or pale spots, it can occasionally appear in other ways, such as where peeling near the start of the alternating current treatment leads to a more intense tone due to a particularly intense current to the peeled areas. Usually at least 100 parts live per million of magnesium or aluminum be present for good results and preferably at least 2 grams per liter of magnesium or aluminum sulphate, corresponding to approx. 200 parts per million of magnesium or aluminium. Preferably, magnesium or aluminum is added in an amount to give at least 1000 parts per million of magnesium or aluminum such as about. 10 to 25 grams per liters of MgS04.7H20 or Al2(S04)3.18H20, especially to prevent unreasonably rapid depletion. Even considerably larger amounts of up to 40 grams per liters of magnesium or aluminum salt (4,000 parts per million Mg or Al) have not shown any harmful effects, so that the upper limit seems primarily economic.
Den nbyaktige effekt av tilsetning av magnesium- eller aluminiumsalter til elektrolytten er ikke kjent. Imidlertid er en mulig forklaring den at defektene skyldes lokale forskjeller i mot-standen av det anodiske aluminiumoksydbelegg og mer spesielt at defektene kan være forbundet med utvikling av hydrogen hvor oksydsjikt på bunnen av en eller flere porer i belegget er tynt i et lokalt området. Det antas at tilsetning av magnesium- eller aluminiumsulfat til elektrolytten forer til at det i tillegg til farvede oksyd eller hydroksyd avsettes magnesium- eller aluminiumoksyd i porene i den anodiske^ oksydfilm og at en slik avsetning oker tykkelsen av et elektrisk motstandsdyktig oksydsjikt i bunnen av porene, slik at den postulerte årsak til defektene elimineres, hvorved det muliggjores en utvikling av morkere farver i dette. Sagt med andre ord går denne hypotesen ut på at magnesium- eller aluminiumoksyd utfelles sammen med det farvede oksyd eller hydroksyd slik at det tilveiebringes et elektrisk mer motstandsdyktig belegg. Relativt storre stromintensitet i lopet av den del av vekselstromsyklusen da den anodiserte artik-kel utgjor katoden, antas å resultere i avsetning av hydrogen-ioner i bunnen av porene, hvilket bevirker en lokal okning i pH-verdien (storre alkalitet) og folgelig bevirker en onsket avsetning av metalloksyd eller -hydroksyd og i den foreliggende prosess også magnesium- eller aluminiumoksyd. Utfellingen av aluminiumhydroksyd fra oppløsninger av aluminiumsalter begynner ved pH-verdi = 5, mens nikkel- eller kobolthydroksyder ikke vil felles ut for pH-verdien er bket til omkring 7, og således utfelles fortrinnsvis aluminiumhydroksyd mens farveeffekten av nikkel- og koboltelektrolytter hemmes ved tilstedeværelse av aluminiumsalt av mer enn vanlig mengde i elektrolytten. Imidlertid er effekten ifblge den foreliggende oppfinnelse blitt rike-lig demonstrert, og skal ikke forstås som avhengig av den ovenfor angitte eller andre teorier. The immediate effect of adding magnesium or aluminum salts to the electrolyte is not known. However, one possible explanation is that the defects are due to local differences in the resistance of the anodic aluminum oxide coating and more particularly that the defects may be connected to the development of hydrogen where the oxide layer at the bottom of one or more pores in the coating is thin in a local area. It is assumed that the addition of magnesium or aluminum sulphate to the electrolyte causes magnesium or aluminum oxide to be deposited in the pores of the anodic oxide film in addition to colored oxide or hydroxide, and that such deposition increases the thickness of an electrically resistant oxide layer at the bottom of the pores , so that the postulated cause of the defects is eliminated, thereby enabling the development of darker colors in this. In other words, this hypothesis assumes that magnesium or aluminum oxide is precipitated together with the colored oxide or hydroxide so that an electrically more resistant coating is provided. Relatively greater current intensity during the part of the alternating current cycle when the anodized article constitutes the cathode is believed to result in the deposition of hydrogen ions at the bottom of the pores, which causes a local increase in the pH value (greater alkalinity) and consequently causes a desired deposition of metal oxide or hydroxide and in the present process also magnesium or aluminum oxide. The precipitation of aluminum hydroxide from solutions of aluminum salts begins at pH value = 5, while nickel or cobalt hydroxides will not precipitate for the pH value is bent to around 7, and thus aluminum hydroxide is preferentially precipitated, while the color effect of nickel and cobalt electrolytes is inhibited in the presence of aluminum salt of more than usual quantity in the electrolyte. However, the effect according to the present invention has been amply demonstrated, and should not be understood as dependent on the above or other theories.
Under henvisning til de folgende spesifikke eksempler av frem-gangsmåten ifblge oppfinnelsen ble aluminiumartikler forst anodisert ved en konvensjonell anodisk behandling med likestrbm, f.eks. for perioder opptil 20 minutter i en 15 % vandig svovelsyreopp-lbsning ved en temperatur innen området 20° - 25° C, hensiktsmessig 21° C. Det skal bemerkes at det kan anvendes andre svove1-syrekonsentrasjoner eller selvfblgelig opplbsningskonsentrasjoner av andre syrer og likeledes andre modifikasjoner av betingelsene for, f.eks., beskyttelse av belegget. En tilfredsstillende drift ble oppnådd ved en strbmtetthet på ca. 130 A pr. m arbeidsflate for et bestemt tidsrom for å gi en onsket filmtykkelse, vanligvis fra 10 til 25 mikroner eller mere. Som det vil forstås skyl-les det anodiserte aluminium for innfbring i farvingsbadet. Vanligvis ble vekselstrbmmen sendt mellom det anodiserte aluminium og motelektroden ved en spenning på 5 til 20 volt i et tidsrom fra få minutter opp til 10 eller 15 minutter, noen ganger med innskutte mellomrom med okning i spenningen eller annen hensiktsmessig elektrisk styring. Vanligvis er farvenyansen avhengig av behandlingstiden og de elektriske forhold. F.eks. frembringes lysere nyanser ved en relativt kort behandling ved lave spenninger mens morkere eller dypere eller meget morke farver krever en lengre tid eller hoyere elektriske verdier. With reference to the following specific examples of the method according to the invention, aluminum articles were first anodized by a conventional anodic treatment with direct current, e.g. for periods up to 20 minutes in a 15% aqueous sulfuric acid solution at a temperature within the range 20° - 25° C, suitably 21° C. It should be noted that other sulfuric acid concentrations or of course solution concentrations of other acids and likewise other modifications of the conditions for, for example, protection of the coating. Satisfactory operation was achieved at a strbm density of approx. 130 A per m of working surface for a certain period of time to give a desired film thickness, usually from 10 to 25 microns or more. As will be understood, the anodized aluminum is rinsed before introduction into the dyeing bath. Typically, the alternating current was passed between the anodized aluminum and the counter electrode at a voltage of 5 to 20 volts for a period of time from a few minutes up to 10 or 15 minutes, sometimes with interspersed intervals of voltage increase or other appropriate electrical control. Usually the color shade depends on the treatment time and the electrical conditions. E.g. lighter shades are produced by a relatively short treatment at low voltages, while darker or deeper or very dark colors require a longer time or higher electrical values.
EKSEMPEL 1 EXAMPLE 1
Tynne aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert i 15 % svovelsyre på konvensjonell måte, og etter avskylling ble de utsatt for vekselstrombehandling med en motelektrode av metallisk nikkel i et bad (justert til pH 4,0 til 4,5) med folgende sammensetning: Thin aluminum sheets were first anodized in 15% sulfuric acid in the conventional manner, and after rinsing they were subjected to alternating current treatment with a metallic nickel counter electrode in a bath (adjusted to pH 4.0 to 4.5) of the following composition:
De forskjellige anodiserte tynne aluminiumplater ble behandlet i forskjellige lange tidsrom og ved påtrykking av forskjellige spenninger i dette badet slik at det ble frembragt et spektrum av farver fra lys bronse til meget mork bronse eller tilnærmet sort. I dette eller i de folgende eksempler ble de farvede, anodiserte plater fortrinnsvis utsatt for konvensjonell forseglings-behandling, f.eks. ved nedsenkning i meget varmt eller kokende vann for vanlige formål. Mens en vekselstrombehandling av de anodiserte aluminiumplater i nevnte bad i lopet av 5 minutter frembragte lyse og mellommorke bronsetoner ved spenninger på henholdsvis 10 og 12 volt, bevirket en behandling i lopet av 5 minutter ved 15 volt en mork bronsefarve. En meget mork bronsefarve ble frembragt ved behandling i 5 minutter ved 13 volt, fulgt av en 5 minutters behandling ved 17 volt. For sammenligning forårsaket drift av et slikt bad uten magnesiumsulfat avskall-ingsvanskeligheter ved bestrebelsen på å frembringe den morke bronsetone og særlig den meget morke bronsetone. The different anodized thin aluminum sheets were treated for different lengths of time and by applying different voltages in this bath so that a spectrum of colors was produced from light bronze to very dark bronze or almost black. In this or the following examples, the colored, anodized plates were preferably subjected to conventional sealing treatment, e.g. by immersion in very hot or boiling water for normal purposes. While an alternating current treatment of the anodized aluminum plates in said bath in the course of 5 minutes produced light and medium dark bronze tones at voltages of 10 and 12 volts respectively, a treatment in the course of 5 minutes at 15 volts produced a dark bronze color. A very dark bronze color was produced by treating for 5 minutes at 13 volts, followed by a 5 minute treatment at 17 volts. By comparison, operation of such a bath without magnesium sulfate caused scaling difficulties in the effort to produce the dark bronze tone and especially the very dark bronze tone.
EKSEMPEL 2 EXAMPLE 2
Tynne anodiserte aluminiumplater som ble utsatt for vekselstrom i et bad inneholdende kobbersulfat og svovelsyre i en vandig Thin anodized aluminum sheets exposed to alternating current in a bath containing copper sulfate and sulfuric acid in an aqueous
opplosning med en pH-verdi på ca. 1,3 og inneholdende magnesiumsulfat 20 g/l, ble forsynt med belegg med farve innen et spektrum omfattende lyserodt, lyst rodbrun, mork rodbrun og sort, avhengig av spenningen og behandlingstiden. F.eks. ble det anvendt kobbersulfat (CuSO^I^O) i forskjellige konsentrasjoner fra 25 til 50 g/l og svovelsyre i mengder fra 5-6 g/l. I et spesifikt oyeblikk inneholdt elektrolytten 25 g/l kobbersulfat, fra 1 til 3 g/l magnesiumsulfat, idet elektrolytten ble tilsatt svovelsyre for regulering av pH-verdien til ca. 1,3. Ved anvendelsen av en grafitt-motelektrode ble de anodiserte aluminiumplater utsatt for 8 volt vekselstrom i 3 minutter, fulgt av 12 volt vekselstrom i 9 minutter. En jevn sort farve ble frembragt i det anodiske belegget, mens tilsvarende behandling uten en tilsetning av magnesiumsulfat til badet vanligvis resulterer i avskallingsdefek-ter i belegget. solution with a pH value of approx. 1.3 and containing magnesium sulphate 20 g/l, was provided with a coating of color within a spectrum comprising light red, light reddish brown, dark reddish brown and black, depending on the voltage and treatment time. E.g. copper sulphate (CuSO^I^O) was used in different concentrations from 25 to 50 g/l and sulfuric acid in amounts from 5-6 g/l. At a specific moment, the electrolyte contained 25 g/l copper sulfate, from 1 to 3 g/l magnesium sulfate, with sulfuric acid being added to the electrolyte to adjust the pH value to approx. 1.3. Using a graphite counter electrode, the anodized aluminum plates were exposed to 8 volts AC for 3 minutes, followed by 12 volts AC for 9 minutes. A uniform black color was produced in the anodic coating, while corresponding treatment without an addition of magnesium sulfate to the bath usually results in peeling defects in the coating.
EKSEMPEL 3 EXAMPLE 3
En tynn aluminiumplate som var anodisert i 15 % svovelsyre i 40 minutter, ble nedsenket sammen med en nikkel-motelektrode i et vandig bad med 2,5 % borsyre inneholdende 4,0 % nikkelammonium-sulfat og 3,5 % magnesiumsulfat ved en pH-verdi på 4,5. Ved badet liggende på romtemperatur ble det sendt en vekselstrom gjennom dette i 10 minutter ved en spenning på 15 volt. Produk-tet ble forseglet i kokende vann i 30 minutter og hadde en meget mork brunfarve, fri for defekter i belegget. A thin aluminum plate anodized in 15% sulfuric acid for 40 minutes was immersed together with a nickel counter electrode in an aqueous bath of 2.5% boric acid containing 4.0% nickel ammonium sulfate and 3.5% magnesium sulfate at a pH value of 4.5. With the bath lying at room temperature, an alternating current was sent through this for 10 minutes at a voltage of 15 volts. The product was sealed in boiling water for 30 minutes and had a very dark brown colour, free of defects in the coating.
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
En tynn aluminiumplate, anodisert som i eksempel 3 ble behandlet under de samme betingelser bortsett fra anvendelse av en grafitt-motelektrode og anvendelse av 2,5 % magnesiumsulfat i elektrolytten. Etter at en vekselstrom hadde passert gjennom badet i 13 minutter ved en spenning på ca. 16 volt og med etterfolgende forsegling som ovenfor angitt, fant man at aluminium-platen hadde et anodisk oksydbelegg kjennetegnet ved en jevn sort farve. A thin aluminum plate, anodized as in Example 3 was treated under the same conditions except for the use of a graphite counter electrode and the use of 2.5% magnesium sulfate in the electrolyte. After an alternating current had passed through the bath for 13 minutes at a voltage of approx. 16 volts and with subsequent sealing as indicated above, it was found that the aluminum plate had an anodic oxide coating characterized by a uniform black colour.
EKSEMPEL 5 EXAMPLE 5
Aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert ved vanlig behandling som Aluminum plates were first anodized by ordinary treatment such as
angitt i eksempel 3 og deretter utsatt for vekselstrombehandling med en grafitt-motelektrode i et bad inneholdende fra 25 til 30 g/l blyacetat, 20 til 25 g/l eddiksyre og 20 g/l magnesiumacetat (Mg/C2H3° 2J2.' 4H20^ ved 'L3 vo^t * 5 minutter. Dette resulterte i et jevnt sort belegg, mens tilsvarende behandling uten tilsetning av magnesiumsalt hadde en tilbøyelighet til å resultere i en viss avskalling e.l. vanskeligheter. stated in Example 3 and then subjected to alternating current treatment with a graphite counter electrode in a bath containing from 25 to 30 g/l lead acetate, 20 to 25 g/l acetic acid and 20 g/l magnesium acetate (Mg/C2H3° 2J2.' 4H2O^ at 'L3 vo^t * 5 minutes. This resulted in a uniform black coating, while corresponding treatment without the addition of magnesium salt had a tendency to result in some scaling or other difficulties.
EKSEMPEL 6 EXAMPLE 6
Tynne aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert i en konvensjonell Thin aluminum sheets were first anodized in a conventional
15 % svovelopplosning i 30 minutter slik at det ble tilveiebragt en filmtykkelse på 15 mikroner, og etter avskylling ble platene utsatt for en vekselstrombehandling med en grafitt-motelektrode i et kobber-inneholdende bad (regulert til en pH-verdi på ca. 1,3) med folgende sammensetning: 15% sulfur solution for 30 minutes to provide a film thickness of 15 microns, and after rinsing the plates were subjected to an alternating current treatment with a graphite counter electrode in a copper-containing bath (adjusted to a pH of about 1.3 ) with the following composition:
De anodiserte aluminiumplatene ble behandlet i dette badet i 3 minutter ved 10 volt fulgt av 9 minutter ved 15 volt, hvilket resulterte i et belegg av sort farve og god jevnhet, dvs. fri for avskalling. De behandlede platene ble deretter forseglet på konvensjonell måte ved nedsenkning i kokende vann. Behandling av anodiserte aluminiumplater under de samme betingelser bortsett fra at tilsetning av magnesium- eller aluminiumsalt var utelatt, frembragte et belegg som var betraktelig avskallet. The anodized aluminum sheets were treated in this bath for 3 minutes at 10 volts followed by 9 minutes at 15 volts, resulting in a coating of black color and good uniformity, i.e. free from scaling. The treated plates were then sealed in the conventional manner by immersion in boiling water. Treatment of anodized aluminum sheets under the same conditions except that the addition of magnesium or aluminum salt was omitted produced a coating which was considerably flaked.
Det skal bemerkes at som angitt i eksempel 2, resulterer behandlingen ved lavere spenninger og/eller kortere tidsrom i lysere farver, f.eks. i området fra lyserodt, lyse-rodbrunt til morkere rodbrunt. I praksis kan innholdet av kobbersalt velges over et betraktelig område, f.eks. inntil 50 g/l, idet syren blir tilsatt etter behov for å oppnå den onskede pH-verdi og idet aluminiumsulfat ble tilsatt i mengder, på f.eks. 2 til 30 g/l eller mere. It should be noted that, as indicated in Example 2, treatment at lower voltages and/or shorter times results in lighter colors, e.g. in the range from pale red, light reddish brown to darker reddish brown. In practice, the content of copper salt can be chosen over a considerable range, e.g. up to 50 g/l, the acid being added as needed to achieve the desired pH value and aluminum sulphate being added in amounts of, e.g. 2 to 30 g/l or more.
EKSEMPEL 7 EXAMPLE 7
Tynn aluminiumplate ble forst anodisert og deretter utsatt for en vekselstrombehandling som angitt i eksempel 6 bortsett fra at badet i dette tilfelle inneholdt et solvsalt og hadde folgende sammensetning: Thin aluminum plate was first anodized and then subjected to an alternating current treatment as indicated in example 6, except that in this case the bath contained a solar salt and had the following composition:
Passasjen av vekselstrom i 3 minutter ved 10 volt frembragte et belegg av jevn, gylden brun farve, fri for defekter. The passage of alternating current for 3 minutes at 10 volts produced a coating of uniform, golden brown color, free from defects.
EKSEMPEL 8 EXAMPLE 8
Tynne aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert og deretter utsatt for vekselstrombehandling som angitt i eksempel 6 bortsett fra at badet inneholdt selen og hadde folgende sammensetning: Thin aluminum sheets were first anodized and then subjected to alternating current treatment as indicated in example 6, except that the bath contained selenium and had the following composition:
Passasje av vekselstrom i 10 minutter ved 15 volt frembragte et belegg av jevn, gylden farve, fri for defekter. Farven var be-tydelig mer intens enn hva som var oppnåelig ved noyaktig den samme behandling uten tilsetning av aluminiumsulfat til badet. Passage of alternating current for 10 minutes at 15 volts produced a coating of even, golden color, free from defects. The color was considerably more intense than what was obtainable by exactly the same treatment without the addition of aluminum sulphate to the bath.
EKSEMPEL 9 EXAMPLE 9
Tynne aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert og deretter utsatt for vekselstrombehandling som angitt i eksempel 6, bortsett fra at badet inneholdt tellur og hadde folgende sammensetning: Thin aluminum plates were first anodized and then subjected to alternating current treatment as indicated in example 6, except that the bath contained tellurium and had the following composition:
Passasje av vekselstrom i 10 minutter ved 15 volt frembragte et belegg av jevn gronngylden farve, fri for defekter. Passage of alternating current for 10 minutes at 15 volts produced a coating of uniform green-gold color, free from defects.
EKSEMPEL 10 EXAMPLE 10
Tynne aluminiumplater ble forst anodisert ved en konvensjonell behandling som angitt i noen av de foregående eksempler og deretter utsatt for en vekselstrombehandling under de samme betingelser som angitt i eksempel 5, bortsett fra at magnesiumacetat-innholdet i badet var erstattet med (Al^C2H3° 2- J3^• P^ denne måte ble det frembragt et jevnt sort belegg fri for avskallings-defekter. Thin aluminum sheets were first anodized by a conventional treatment as indicated in some of the preceding examples and then subjected to an alternating current treatment under the same conditions as indicated in Example 5, except that the magnesium acetate content of the bath was replaced by (Al^C2H3° 2 - J3^• In this way, a uniform black coating free of peeling defects was produced.
Tilsetning av magnesiumsalt, vanligvis fra 2 til 30 g/l magnesiumsulfat ble funnet gunstig i det tilfelle hvor behandlings-badene inneholdt henholdsvis 2,5 g/l selenoksyd (Se02) i vandig svovelsyre ved pH 0,6 og 1 g/l solvnitrat (AgNO^) i vandig svovelsyre ved pH 1,2. Behandling i disse resp. bad resulterte i det anodiske oksydbelegg. The addition of magnesium salt, usually from 2 to 30 g/l magnesium sulfate, was found beneficial in the case where the treatment baths contained respectively 2.5 g/l selenium oxide (Se02) in aqueous sulfuric acid at pH 0.6 and 1 g/l solvate nitrate ( AgNO^) in aqueous sulfuric acid at pH 1.2. Treatment in these resp. bath resulted in the anodic oxide coating.
Tilfredsstillende resultater ble også oppnådd ved 20 g/l kobolt-sulfat i steden for nikkélsulfat i behandlingsbadet ifblge eksempel 1. Satisfactory results were also obtained with 20 g/l cobalt sulphate instead of nickel sulphate in the treatment bath according to example 1.
Det er også fordelaktig med en tilsetning av aluminiumsalt eller magnesiumsalt i en mengde på 2 - 30 g/l i et behandlingsbad inneholdende kaliumpermanganat, tilsatt syre til ca. pH 1,2. Behand- It is also advantageous to add aluminum salt or magnesium salt in a quantity of 2 - 30 g/l in a treatment bath containing potassium permanganate, with acid added to approx. pH 1.2. treat-
lingen utfores i 10 minutter ved ca. 13 volt. ling is carried out for 10 minutes at approx. 13 volts.
Claims (7)
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB53699/67A GB1241296A (en) | 1967-11-24 | 1967-11-24 | Process for colouring anodised aluminium by electrolytic deposition |
GB5369867 | 1967-11-24 |
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NO120098B true NO120098B (en) | 1970-08-24 |
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US3772166A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1973-11-13 | Perma Technological Ind Inc | Electrolytic process for slating a curvilinear aluminum workpiece |
FR2219437B1 (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1975-08-22 | Pechiney Aluminium | |
CH581706A5 (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-11-15 | Alusuisse | |
US4177299A (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1979-12-04 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminum or aluminum alloy article and process |
US4431489A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-02-14 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Coloring process for anodized aluminum products |
US4931151A (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-06-05 | Novamax Technologies Holdings Inc. | Method for two step electrolytic coloring of anodized aluminum |
US8050831B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2011-11-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle engine speed control for a continuously variable transmission |
WO2010039937A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-08 | Lorin Industries | Outdoor-suitable antique copper color aluminum material and process |
JP5908266B2 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2016-04-26 | 株式会社Screenホールディングス | Anodizing apparatus, anodizing system including the same, and semiconductor wafer |
US20130153427A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-20 | Apple Inc. | Metal Surface and Process for Treating a Metal Surface |
CN107190299B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2023-07-04 | 江苏昊科汽车空调有限公司 | Hard oxidation method for aluminum alloy of rotary compression disc of air conditioner compressor |
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1967
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1968
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- 1968-11-19 FI FI683306A patent/FI47115C/en active
- 1968-11-19 DE DE1809741A patent/DE1809741C3/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-21 YU YU2730/68A patent/YU34438B/en unknown
- 1968-11-21 FR FR1592472D patent/FR1592472A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-11-21 AT AT1133868A patent/AT305721B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-11-22 DK DK573068A patent/DK131794C/en active
- 1968-11-22 CH CH1747768A patent/CH495431A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-11-22 LU LU57373D patent/LU57373A1/xx unknown
- 1968-11-22 NL NL686816721A patent/NL141579B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-11-22 IL IL31135A patent/IL31135A/en unknown
- 1968-11-22 NO NO4668/68A patent/NO120098B/no unknown
- 1968-11-22 BE BE724327D patent/BE724327A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-11-22 SE SE15914/68A patent/SE337972B/xx unknown
- 1968-11-23 ES ES360607A patent/ES360607A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE337972B (en) | 1971-08-23 |
CH495431A (en) | 1970-08-31 |
DE1809741B2 (en) | 1971-02-04 |
NL141579B (en) | 1974-03-15 |
US3616309A (en) | 1971-10-26 |
ES360607A1 (en) | 1970-07-16 |
IE32543L (en) | 1969-05-24 |
GB1241296A (en) | 1971-08-04 |
YU34438B (en) | 1979-07-10 |
BE724327A (en) | 1969-05-22 |
IL31135A (en) | 1972-10-29 |
DK131794B (en) | 1975-09-01 |
DK131794C (en) | 1976-02-02 |
YU273068A (en) | 1978-12-31 |
AT305721B (en) | 1973-03-12 |
US3616308A (en) | 1971-10-26 |
DE1809741C3 (en) | 1975-10-23 |
NL6816721A (en) | 1969-05-28 |
FI47115B (en) | 1973-05-31 |
DE1809741A1 (en) | 1969-11-06 |
FR1592472A (en) | 1970-05-11 |
IL31135A0 (en) | 1969-01-29 |
FI47115C (en) | 1973-09-10 |
LU57373A1 (en) | 1969-03-03 |
IE32543B1 (en) | 1973-09-05 |
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