NO119976B - - Google Patents
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- NO119976B NO119976B NO468768A NO468768A NO119976B NO 119976 B NO119976 B NO 119976B NO 468768 A NO468768 A NO 468768A NO 468768 A NO468768 A NO 468768A NO 119976 B NO119976 B NO 119976B
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- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- oil
- water
- ammonium nitrate
- explosives
- Prior art date
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 9
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- -1 aromatic nitro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLPXGXQOVMEKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-amine;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GLPXGXQOVMEKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/56—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as less than 10% by weight of the total composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/38—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
- C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
Flegmatiserte sprengstoffer inneholdende ammoniumnitrat. Phlegmatized explosives containing ammonium nitrate.
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedroret sprengstoffer som inneholder sprengoljer (nitroglycerol/nitroglykol-blandinger) og ammoniumnitrat med forbedrede egenskaper, hvorved risikoen ved fremstil-ling og forarbeidelse er redusert ved at de inngående sprengstoff komponenter er flegmatisert på forskjellig måte. Sprengstoffene etter nærværende oppfinnelse kan fremstilles med samme energiinnhold som for tidligere anvendte dynamitter, og slik at de ved den praktiske anvendelse gir samme effekt som disse. The present invention relates to explosives containing explosive oils (nitroglycerol/nitroglycol mixtures) and ammonium nitrate with improved properties, whereby the risk during manufacture and processing is reduced by the fact that the constituent explosive components are phlegmatized in different ways. The explosives according to the present invention can be produced with the same energy content as for previously used dynamites, and so that in practical use they give the same effect as these.
Kfr. klo 78c-3/02 Cf. claw 78c-3/02
Dynamitt fremstilles ved at de forskjellige komponenter fSres sammen i en blande-anordning, hvor også massen knas sammen til egnet konsistens. Vanligvis doserer man forst nitroglycerol/ nitroglykol, deretter nitrocellulose, hvorved såkalt gelatin begynner å danne seg. De ovrige komponenter som tilfores senere, består av brennbare produkter slik som tremel, nitroforbindelser og oxygenavgivende salter, slik som ammoniumnitrat og natriumnitrat. Dynamite is produced by mixing the various components together in a mixing device, where the mass is also crushed to a suitable consistency. Usually nitroglycerol/ nitroglycol is dosed first, then nitrocellulose, whereby so-called gelatin begins to form. The other components that are added later consist of combustible products such as wood flour, nitro compounds and oxygen-releasing salts, such as ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
Nitroglycerol/nitroglykol er liksom nitrocellulose folsomme eksplosive stoffer, som krever stor forsiktighet ved behand-lingen. For å gjore fremstillingen av sammensatte sprengstoffer sikrere er det funnet at man betydelig kan flegmatisere kompo-nentene ved å tilfore dem i en annen form enn hva som er vanlig eller ved å tilfore dem i kombinasjon med andre komponenter i sprengstoffet. Nitroglycerol/nitroglycol are, like nitrocellulose, susceptible to explosive substances, which require great care when handling. In order to make the production of compound explosives safer, it has been found that the components can be significantly phlegmatized by adding them in a form other than what is usual or by adding them in combination with other components in the explosive.
Sprengstoffene ifolge oppfinnelsen som inneholder sprengolje og ved overflatebehandling med et overflateaktivt stoff hydrofobert ammoniumnitrat, karakteriseres ved at det i sprerigoljen er opplost en flegmatiserende tilsetning i en slik mengde at sprengoljeopplosningen får en negativ oksygenbalanse på 20% eller mer. Ved at sprengoljen er flegmatisert, fortrinnsvis med 20 - 3, 0% tilsetning, blir denne sikrere å behandle... Nod-vendig friksjonskraft for initiering av den flégmatiserte olje j ved friksjonsprove er oket mer enn det ti-dobbelte. Egnede flegmatiseringsmldler er ikke eksplosive, aromatiske nitroforbindelser eller organiske estre eller etre, slik som nitro-toluen eller dibutylftalat eller eksplosive, organiske nitroforbindelser, slik som trinitrotoluen og trinitrobenzen. Ved anvendelse av sterkt flegmatiserende tilsetninger er det ! vanskelig å få et tilstrekkelig hoyt gelatininnhold, da oxygen-j balansen ikke blir tilfredsstillende. Denne vanskelighet kan unngås hvis en del av flegmatiseringstilsetningeri består av ! j trinitrotoluen, som delvis loses opjjjf i sprengoljen. ' Etter I lagring oppnås fullstendig opplosning og éh god beskyttelse mot vann. En forutsetning for at denne flegmatisering ikke skal nedsette sprengstoffets initierbarhét, er imidlertid at inngående ammoniumnitrat er hydrefobert véd-overflatebehandling med et overflateaktivt stoff. Som eksempel på egnede overflateaktlve stoffer nevnes alkylaminer med minst 6 carbonatomer i alkyl- j kjeden, slik som dodecylamin, hexadecylamin, oktadecylamin, j oleylamin og stearylamln. Spesielt egnede er blandinger av alkylamin av nevnte art og et alkylammoniumsalt av en allfatisk syre med minst 6 carbonatomer i molekylet. I en slik blanding inngår optimalt 2-10 mol alkylamin pr. mol alifatisk syre. Både. alkylamiriet og den alifatiske syre bør inneholde 12-20 carbonatomer i molekylet. Som eksempel nevnes blandinger av nevnte aminer med teknisk stearinsyre eller palmitinsyre. Mengden overflateaktivt stoff eller blanding er hensiktsmessig 0,01 - The explosives according to the invention which contain blasting oil and, by surface treatment with a surfactant, hydrophobic ammonium nitrate, are characterized by the fact that a phlegmatizing additive is dissolved in the propellant oil in such a quantity that the blasting oil solution has a negative oxygen balance of 20% or more. By the fact that the blasting oil is phlegmatized, preferably with 20 - 3.0% addition, it becomes safer to process... Nod-reversible frictional force for initiation of the phlegmatized oil j in the friction test is increased more than tenfold. Suitable phlegmatizing agents are not explosive, aromatic nitro compounds or organic esters or ethers, such as nitrotoluene or dibutyl phthalate or explosive, organic nitro compounds, such as trinitrotoluene and trinitrobenzene. When using strongly phlegmatizing additives, it is ! difficult to get a sufficiently high gelatin content, as the oxygen-j balance is not satisfactory. This difficulty can be avoided if part of the phlegmatizing additive consists of ! j trinitrotoluene, which is partially dissolved in the explosive oil. After storage, complete dissolution is achieved and good protection against water. A prerequisite for this phlegmatization not to reduce the explosive's initiation ability is, however, that the ammonium nitrate included is ash-coated véd surface treatment with a surface-active substance. Examples of suitable surfactants include alkylamines with at least 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, such as dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, oleylamine and stearylamine. Mixtures of alkylamine of the aforementioned type and an alkylammonium salt of an allphatic acid with at least 6 carbon atoms in the molecule are particularly suitable. In such a mixture, optimally 2-10 mol of alkylamine are included per moles of aliphatic acid. Both. the alkylamirite and the aliphatic acid should contain 12-20 carbon atoms in the molecule. As an example, mixtures of said amines with technical stearic acid or palmitic acid are mentioned. The amount of surfactant or mixture is suitably 0.01 -
1 % av nitratets vekt. 1% of the nitrate's weight.
Nitrocellulose er meget lett antennelig i tørr tilstand. Ifølge: oppfinnelsen kan . nitrocellulosen inngå i sprengstoffet i fuk-tet tilstand, inneholdende minst 15 % vann, fortrinnsvis 30-35 ; % vann. Tidligere har det vært vanlig at man tørket sprengoljen for å få ned vanninnholdet, og i hvert fall lar man den stå ! så lenge for separering at den ikke lenger inneholder emulgert vann. Nærværende oppfinnelse muliggjør anvendelse av vannhol-dig sprengolje, hvorved lagerbeholdningen i fabrikken av føl-somme sprengstoffer og behandling av disse er redusert. Sprengoljen inneholder mere vann enn hva som er oppløselig i denne. Vannet bidrar til å øke behandlingssikkerheten av sprengoljen. Nitrocellulose is very easily flammable when dry. According to: the invention can . the nitrocellulose is part of the explosive in a wet state, containing at least 15% water, preferably 30-35%; % water. In the past, it was common to dry the blasting oil to reduce the water content, and in any case you let it stand! long enough for separation that it no longer contains emulsified water. The present invention enables the use of aqueous explosive oil, whereby the stock in the factory of sensitive explosives and their processing is reduced. The explosive oil contains more water than is soluble in it. The water helps to increase the processing safety of the blasting oil.
Det har tidligere ikke vært mulig helt ut å utnytte muligheten for å øke sikkerheten ved å anvende vannholdige komponenter i sprengstoffene av denne art. Sprengstoffets konsistens er nem-lig meget varierende med vanninnhold. Dessuten ødelegges gela-tineringen av nitrocellulosen av flegmatiseringsmldler slik at j klumper oppstår. Det ferdige sprengstoff får ikke tilfredsstil-j lende initierbarhét i særdeleshet i kulde og efter lagring. j In the past, it has not been possible to make full use of the opportunity to increase safety by using water-containing components in explosives of this kind. Namely, the consistency of the explosive varies greatly with water content. In addition, the gelatinization of the nitrocellulose is destroyed by phlegmatizing agents so that j lumps occur. The finished explosive does not have a satisfactory initiation temperature, particularly in the cold and after storage. j
i in
i Det er nåj<y>^tedjeja. å fremstille sprengstoffer med ønskede egen-j skaper .ved. å gå ut fra en sprengolje f legraatlsert med mellom 0,3og..l,0 % vann og minst 20% i oljen oppløselig flegmati- - j seringsmiddel slik som dinitrotoluen, dibutylftalat og en nitrocellulose som inneholder minst 15% vann. Por å kunne mestre i i It is nowj<y>^tedjeja. to produce explosives with desired properties. starting from an explosive oil diluted with between 0.3 and ..1.0% water and at least 20% oil-soluble phlegmatizing agent such as dinitrotoluene, dibutyl phthalate and a nitrocellulose containing at least 15% water. Por to be able to master
vannproblemene er aramoniumnitratet kledd med en hydrofob overflate. Gode resultater er oppnådd med et overtrekk bestående av the water problems are the aramonium nitrate coated with a hydrophobic surface. Good results have been achieved with an overcoat consisting of
en blanding av stearylamin og stearylammoniumstearat. Ved hjelp av dette overtrekk har sprengstoffets initieringsevne kunnet opprettholdes og holdes konstant selv ved variasjoner i vann-konsentrasjonen på 1 %. Presningsevnen har vist seg å være uavhengig av vanninnholdet over et ennå større område. Ved kombina-r sjonen av flegmatiserlng av sprengolje, fuktig nitrocellulose i a mixture of stearylamine and stearylammonium stearate. With the help of this coating, the explosive's initiation ability has been maintained and kept constant even with variations in the water concentration of 1%. The compressibility has been shown to be independent of the water content over an even larger area. In the combination of phlegmatization of explosive oil, moist nitrocellulose i
og hydrofobert nitrat har det vært mulig å oppnå en sikrere and hydrophobic nitrate it has been possible to achieve a safer
i fabrikasjon' og et sikrere sprengstoff enn med vanlig dynamitt med like god initieringsevne og effekt selv ved lavere innhold in fabrication' and a safer explosive than with ordinary dynamite with equally good initiation ability and effect even with a lower content
av sprengolje og høyere innhold av uorganiske nitrater. of explosive oil and a higher content of inorganic nitrates.
I prengstoffene kan inngå tremel, farvestoff og/eller alumi-nium. The explosives may include wood flour, dye and/or aluminium.
: Eksempel 1. : Example 1.
Dietylenglykolmonoetyleter ble oppløst i en sprengolje som inne-r holder 60 vektsdeler nitroglycerol og 40 vektsdeler nitroglykol. Fallhammerfølsomheten ble bestemt ved en fallvekt på 2 kg. Mens en ikke flegmatlsert sprengolje ga 50$ tenningssannsynlig-i het ved en fallhøyde på 100 ran^krevde en olje med 10% innblan- . j ding 500 mm for samme tenningssannsynlighet og ga ved 100 mm null tenninger, ved 200 mm 20$, ved 400 mm 40$ tenninger. Ved en flegmatisering med 20$ dietylenglykolmonoetyleter oppnåddes ingen tenning selv ved den høyest anvendte fallhøyde 600 mm. Såvel uflegmatisert som flegmatlsert olje anvendes i blanding med ammoniumnitrat og tremel for tilvirkning av oxygenbalanser-! te sprengstoffer. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether was dissolved in an explosive oil containing 60 parts by weight of nitroglycerol and 40 parts by weight of nitroglycol. Drop hammer sensitivity was determined at a drop weight of 2 kg. While an uncoated blasting oil gave 50$ ignition probability-in heat at a drop height of 100 ran^ required an oil with 10% inblan-. j ding 500 mm for the same ignition probability and gave at 100 mm zero ignitions, at 200 mm 20$, at 400 mm 40$ ignitions. When phlegmatizing with 20% diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, no ignition was achieved even at the highest used drop height of 600 mm. Both unphlegmatized and phlegmatized oil are used in a mixture with ammonium nitrate and wood flour for the production of oxygen balancers! te explosives.
Eksempel 2. I Sprengolje ble tilsatt flytende nitrotoluener med et nitrogen- j innhold på 16%. Når en homogen oppløsning ble oppnådd ble føl-somheten i fallharare bestemt ved en fallvekt på 2 kg. Uflegmatisert olje ga tenning i 50% av fallene ved 100 mm fallhøyde, Example 2. Liquid nitrotoluenes with a nitrogen content of 16% were added to Sprengolj. When a homogenous solution was obtained, the sensitivity of the drop harrier was determined at a drop weight of 2 kg. Unphlegmatized oil ignited in 50% of the falls at a drop height of 100 mm,
j 15 og 17% flegmatisering ga ingen tenning ved 100 mm og bare ' 10% ved 200 mm fallha.yde. Ved innblanding av 20% ble tenning først oppnådd ved 500 mm (10 %) og ble flegmatlseringen øket til 25 og 30$ ble ingen tenning oppnådd selv ved 600 mm. j 15 and 17% phlegmatization gave no ignition at 100 mm and only ' 10% at 200 mm drop height. When 20% was mixed in, ignition was first achieved at 500 mm (10%) and when the flame ratio was increased to 25 and 30%, no ignition was achieved even at 600 mm.
Ren sprengolje og sprengolje flegmatisert til 20$ ble overfort til plastisk tilstand ved en innblanding av 5$ syntetisk kisel-syre. I det forste tilfelle oppnås tenning ved 100 mm, mens i det siste tilfelle uteble tenning selv ved 600 mm fallhoyde. Pure blasting oil and blasting oil phlegmatized to 20$ were transferred to the plastic state by admixture of 5$ synthetic silicic acid. In the first case ignition is achieved at 100 mm, while in the latter case ignition failed even at 600 mm drop height.
De flegmatiserte oljer ga med ammoniumnitrat sprengstoffer med noe lavere detonasjonshastighet og lavere overslag fra patron til patron enn nesten tilsvarende sprengstoffer som inneholder uflegmatisert olje. Forskjellene var imidlertid ubetydelige ved sprengning i borehull. The phlegmatized oils with ammonium nitrate gave explosives with a slightly lower detonation speed and lower projection from cartridge to cartridge than almost equivalent explosives containing unphlegmatized oil. However, the differences were insignificant when blasting in boreholes.
Eksempel 3.- Example 3.-
Friksjonsprove ble utfort i en renne av granitt med et slepe-legeme av stål ved 20 - 30°C. Slepelegemet ble belastet med forskjellige vekter. Ren nitroglycerol/nitroglykol 1:1 ga i alle undersokte tilfeller tenning ved 10 kg's belastning. En opplosning av 5? 10, 15, 20 og 25$ dinitrotoluen okte belast-ningen for tenning til ^0, 90, 110 henholdsvis hoyere enn 190 kg. Friction tests were carried out in a granite chute with a steel towing body at 20 - 30°C. The towing body was loaded with different weights. Pure nitroglycerol/nitroglycol 1:1 gave ignition in all investigated cases at a load of 10 kg. A resolution of 5? 10, 15, 20 and 25$ dinitrotoluene increased the load for ignition to ^0, 90, 110 respectively higher than 190 kg.
Sprengoljene ble gelatinert med nitrocellulose som inneholder 35$ vann og ble blandet med ammoniumnitrat og tremel. The explosive oils were gelatinized with nitrocellulose containing 35% water and were mixed with ammonium nitrate and wood flour.
Eksempel h . Example h.
^0 kg nitroglycerol/nitroglykol 1:1 ble tilsatt l*f,3 kg nitrotoluener. I denne opplosning ble innrort 2,0 kg nitrocellulose inneholdende 25$ vann, hvoretter de ovrige komponenter 105 kg ammoniumnitrat behandlet med 0,06 vekts$ stearylamin, og 1,5 kg hvetekli ble blandet inn i en knaingsanordning. Ekstruderingen krevde en skjærekraft på 50 g/cm 2. Med fallhamre ble ingen tenning oppnådd ved en fallvekt på 2 kg og en fallhoyde på 600 mm. Detonasjonshastigheten med 25 mm's jernror ble bestemt til : 6320 m/sek. og overslaget for 25 mm's patroner til 100 mm ved 18°C. Disse egenskaper var uforandret etter en måneds lagring. ^0 kg of nitroglycerol/nitroglycol 1:1 was added to 1*f.3 kg of nitrotoluenes. 2.0 kg of nitrocellulose containing 25% water was stirred into this solution, after which the other components 105 kg of ammonium nitrate were treated with 0.06 wt% of stearylamine, and 1.5 kg of wheat bran was mixed into a kneading device. The extrusion required a cutting force of 50 g/cm 2 . With drop hammers, no ignition was achieved at a drop weight of 2 kg and a drop height of 600 mm. The detonation speed with the 25 mm iron rod was determined to be: 6320 m/sec. and the estimate for 25 mm's cartridges to 100 mm at 18°C. These properties were unchanged after one month of storage.
i Eksempel 5. in Example 5.
1 1
Sprengstoff ifolge eksempel h, men med hvetekli byttet ut mot <;> tremel-krevde ved skyteprøve h ganger så hoy anslagsenergi for Explosives according to example h, but with wheat bran replaced by <;> wood flour required by firing test h times as high impact energy for
I IN
tenning enn et sprengstoff med samme gelatininnhold, men med en flegmatisering av oljen med 1% nitrotoluener. j ignition than an explosive with the same gelatin content, but with a phlegmatization of the oil with 1% nitrotoluenes. j
Eksempel 6. \ Ved høy flegmatisering av sprengoljen som i eksempel 4 og 5 blir sprengstoffet vanskelig eller umulig å ekstrudere 1 en standardpresse efter 3 døgns lagring. Som det fremgår av neden- j stående tabell kan denne ulempe elimineres ved en erstatning ' av en mindre del av ammoniumnitratet med natriumnitrat. Spreng- j stoff med sammensetning 24,0 % nitroglycerol/nitroglykol 40/70 ! flegmatlsert med 9 % . dinitrotoluen, 2,0 % nitrocellulose inne- <i>j holdende 40 % vann, 0,4 % tremel og 64 % ammoniumnitrat/natri- j umnitrat ifølge tabell. Example 6. If the blasting oil is highly phlegmatized as in examples 4 and 5, the explosive becomes difficult or impossible to extrude in a standard press after 3 days of storage. As can be seen from the table below, this disadvantage can be eliminated by replacing a smaller part of the ammonium nitrate with sodium nitrate. Explosive substance with composition 24.0% nitroglycerol/nitroglycol 40/70 ! flagged with 9%. dinitrotoluene, 2.0% nitrocellulose containing 40% water, 0.4% wood flour and 64% ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate according to table.
Ekstruderbarhet i g/cm j Extrudability in g/cm j
i Eksempel 7. Et plastisk sprengstoff ble tilvirket efter følgende resept beregnet på tørre komponenter. in Example 7. A plastic explosive was manufactured according to the following recipe intended for dry components.
25,1 % nitroglycerol/jnitroglykol 40:60 25.1% nitroglycerol/jnitroglycol 40:60
7,0 % dinitrotoluen 7.0% dinitrotoluene
1,8 % trinitrotoluen 1.8% trinitrotoluene
1,3 % nitrocellulose 1.3% nitrocellulose
58,0 $ ammoniumnitrat $58.0 Ammonium Nitrate
6,0 % natriumnitrat 6.0% sodium nitrate
0,7 % tremel 0.7% wood flour
0,1 % kritt og farvestoff 0.1% chalk and dye
i Det i sprengstoffet inngående ammoniumnitrat var forsynt med en i hydrofob overflate ved behandling med 0,07 % av en smelte lnne-iholdende like deler stearinamin og stearinammoniumstearat. Vann-!innholdet i nltrocellulosen ble variert fra 0 til 50$. Pressbar-heten holdt seg, slik som det fremgår av diagram 1, praktisk i The ammonium nitrate contained in the explosive was provided with a hydrophobic surface by treatment with 0.07% of a melt containing equal parts of stearinamine and stearinammonium stearate. The water content of the nitrocellulose was varied from 0 to 50%. As can be seen from diagram 1, the compressibility remained practical
talt uforandret over hele området. spoken unchanged over the entire area.
Når ammoniumnitratet byttes ut med et ubehandlet nitrat ble 1 sprengstoffet ikke pressbart. For å få noen sammenlikning ble gellnnholdet hevet på saltenes bekostning. I diagram 1 gjen- ji gies verdiene for sprengstoffet: When the ammonium nitrate is replaced with an untreated nitrate, 1 the explosive was not compressible. In order to get some comparison, the gel content was raised at the expense of the salts. Diagram 1 shows the values for the explosive:
28,1 % nitroglyceroJ/nitroglykol 40:60 28.1% nitroglyceroJ/nitroglycol 40:60
8,0 % dinitrotoluen 3.8 % trinitrotoluen 1.3 % nitrocellulose 8.0% dinitrotoluene 3.8% trinitrotoluene 1.3% nitrocellulose
52,6 % ammoniumnitrat, malt men ubehandlet 5.4 % natriumnitrat 52.6% ammonium nitrate, ground but untreated 5.4% sodium nitrate
0,7 % tremel 0.7% wood flour
0,1 % kritt og farvestoff 0.1% chalk and dye
For lavere verdier enn 35 % vann i nltrocellulosen var sprengstoffet så stivt at ingen verdier kunne måles i prøvepressen. Som det fremgår av diagrammet er konsistensen sterkt avhengig av tilført vann. For values lower than 35% water in the nitrocellulose, the explosive was so stiff that no values could be measured in the test press. As can be seen from the diagram, the consistency is strongly dependent on added water.
Eksempel 8. Sprengstoff efter resept 1 i eksempel 7 ble fremstilt på såvel behandlet som ubehandlet ammoniumnitrat. Overslaget til sprengstoffet fra en pentylladning på 1 g ble bestemt. For sprengstoffet som inneholder ammoniumnitrat overtrukket med en hydrofob overflate ble et overslag på 10 mm oppnådd uavhengig av vanninnholdet i inngående nitrocellulose over hele det under- j søkte område fra 0 til 50 % vann. Prøven med ubehandlet ammo-nlumnitrat krevde en kraftigere lnitiator for i det hele tatt Example 8. Explosives according to recipe 1 in example 7 were produced on both treated and untreated ammonium nitrate. The estimate of the explosive from a pentyl charge of 1 g was determined. For the explosive containing ammonium nitrate coated with a hydrophobic surface, an estimate of 10 mm was obtained regardless of the water content of the nitrocellulose included over the entire investigated area from 0 to 50% water. The untreated ammonium nitrate sample required a more powerful initiator at all
i å gi noe overslag. in giving an estimate.
Eksempel 9 . Overslaget ble bestemt på samme måte som i eksempel 8 for et sprengstoff med følgende sammensetning: 28,6 % nitroglycer.c-J/nltroglykol 40:60 7.9 % dinitrotoluen Example 9. The estimate was determined in the same way as in example 8 for an explosive with the following composition: 28.6% nitroglycer.c-J/nltroglycol 40:60 7.9% dinitrotoluene
1.5 nitrocellulose 1.5 nitrocellulose
60,6 % ammoniumnitrat 60.6% ammonium nitrate
1,4 % tremel 1.4% wood flour
Vanninnholdet i nitrocellulosen ble variert fra 0 til 55 %. The water content of the nitrocellulose was varied from 0 to 55%.
Som det fremgår av diagram 2 får man lave og sterkt varierende verdier for overslaget når et ubehandlet ammoniumnitrat anvendes. Ammoniumnitrat med en hydrofob overflate gir høyere og fremfor alt mere reproduserbare verdier for overslaget. As can be seen from diagram 2, low and highly varying values for the estimate are obtained when an untreated ammonium nitrate is used. Ammonium nitrate with a hydrophobic surface gives higher and above all more reproducible values for the estimate.
Eksempel 10.Example 10.
Ekstruderbarheten ble bestemt for sprengstoff ifølge foregåen-de eksempel på samme måte som i eksempel 7. Diagram 3 viser hvilke konstante av vanninnholdet uavhengige verdier som opp-nåes når et hydrofobert ammoniumnitrat anvendes. The extrudability was determined for explosives according to the previous example in the same way as in example 7. Diagram 3 shows which constant values independent of the water content are achieved when a hydrophobic ammonium nitrate is used.
Sprengstoff ifølge denne resept men med ubehandlet ammoniumnitrat var for stivt til å presses, hvorfor gelinnholdet ble øket med 15 % og ammoniumnitratinnholdet senket i tilsvarende grad. På denne måte ble de verdier i diagrammet oppnådd som gis for sprengstoff med ubehandlet ammoniumnitrat. Explosive according to this recipe but with untreated ammonium nitrate was too stiff to press, which is why the gel content was increased by 15% and the ammonium nitrate content was lowered to a corresponding degree. In this way, the values in the diagram that are given for explosives with untreated ammonium nitrate were obtained.
Eksempel 11. Example 11.
Forskjellige flegmatiseringsmldler, slik som dinitrotoluen og dibutylftalat ble oppløst i nitroglycerol. Oppløsningen ble helt i plastrør av polyeten og polyvinylklorid. Initiering skjedde med en sprenghette nr. 8 og dessuten i ét tilfelle med en tennsats på 100 g hoybrisant sprengstoff for å nå den hoye detonasjonshastighet. I følgende diagram angir et kryss at detonasjonen har foregått, og en sirkel at detonasjonen er stanset. Av diagram h fremgår det med tydelighet at flegmatiserings-grader under en negativ oxygenbalanse på 10 g oxygen pr. 100 g sprengstoff innvirker ubetydelig flegmatiserende. Først når man når en negativ oxygenbalanse større enn 20 % viker kurven betydelig oppover,og man har mulighet for å oppnå en tilfredsstillende beskyttelse. En oxygenbalanse på -20$ tilsvarer 18$ dinitrotoluen. Various phlegmatizing agents, such as dinitrotoluene and dibutyl phthalate were dissolved in nitroglycerol. The solution was poured into plastic tubes of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. Initiation took place with a blasting cap No. 8 and also in one case with an ignition charge of 100 g of high explosive explosive to reach the high detonation speed. In the following diagram, a cross indicates that the detonation has taken place, and a circle that the detonation has stopped. It is clear from diagram h that degrees of phlegmatization under a negative oxygen balance of 10 g oxygen per 100 g of explosive has a negligible phlegmatizing effect. Only when you reach a negative oxygen balance greater than 20% does the curve bend significantly upwards, and you have the opportunity to achieve satisfactory protection. An oxygen balance of -20$ corresponds to 18$ dinitrotoluene.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1625767A SE401818B (en) | 1967-11-27 | 1967-11-27 | PROCEDURE WITH INCREASED SECURITY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN EXTRUDERABLE, HANDLABLE SAFE AND WITH AN EXPLOSIVE Capsule |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO119976B true NO119976B (en) | 1970-08-03 |
Family
ID=20301956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO468768A NO119976B (en) | 1967-11-27 | 1968-11-25 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR6804246D0 (en) |
CH (1) | CH530946A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1808922C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES360703A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1592799A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1254568A (en) |
NO (1) | NO119976B (en) |
SE (1) | SE401818B (en) |
YU (1) | YU32797B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3714402A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-10 | Kali Chemie Pharma Gmbh | DRUG FORMULATION |
RU2475467C2 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2013-02-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной химии" | Multifunctional action explosive composition having high stability of operational properties |
-
1967
- 1967-11-27 SE SE1625767A patent/SE401818B/en unknown
-
1968
- 1968-09-27 YU YU279368A patent/YU32797B/en unknown
- 1968-11-14 DE DE19681808922 patent/DE1808922C3/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-22 FR FR1592799D patent/FR1592799A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-11-22 BR BR20424668A patent/BR6804246D0/en unknown
- 1968-11-25 NO NO468768A patent/NO119976B/no unknown
- 1968-11-26 ES ES360703A patent/ES360703A1/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-26 GB GB5609768A patent/GB1254568A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-27 CH CH1766168A patent/CH530946A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1808922B2 (en) | 1973-02-08 |
BR6804246D0 (en) | 1973-01-09 |
DE1808922C3 (en) | 1978-08-17 |
FR1592799A (en) | 1970-05-19 |
CH530946A (en) | 1972-11-30 |
SE401818B (en) | 1978-05-29 |
ES360703A1 (en) | 1970-07-16 |
DE1808922A1 (en) | 1969-06-19 |
YU32797B (en) | 1975-08-31 |
YU279368A (en) | 1975-02-28 |
GB1254568A (en) | 1971-11-24 |
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