NO118662B - - Google Patents
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- NO118662B NO118662B NO168251A NO16825167A NO118662B NO 118662 B NO118662 B NO 118662B NO 168251 A NO168251 A NO 168251A NO 16825167 A NO16825167 A NO 16825167A NO 118662 B NO118662 B NO 118662B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- pectins
- calcium
- parts
- phosphate
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 106
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 95
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002230 Pectic acid Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N aldehydo-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000565357 Fraxinus nigra Species 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N alpha-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O[C@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 glycerin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQFLQYOOQVLGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O QQFLQYOOQVLGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000401 monomagnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019785 monomagnesium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate Chemical class O.O.[Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]P(=O)=O.[O-]P(=O)=O ROPDWRCJTIRLTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940043256 calcium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052589 chlorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PROQIPRRNZUXQM-ZXXIGWHRSA-N estriol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H]([C@H](O)C4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 PROQIPRRNZUXQM-ZXXIGWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940077441 fluorapatite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N pectic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)C(O)=O)O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003175 pectinic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010318 polygalacturonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/287—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by inorganic substances only
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av rekonstituerte tobakksplanter. Procedure for the production of reconstituted tobacco plants.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører'en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av rekonstituerte tobakksplater, det vil si plater som inneholder bestanddeler fra tobakksplantedeler. The present invention relates to a method for the production of reconstituted tobacco sheets, that is, sheets containing components from tobacco plant parts.
Under fremstillingen og opparbeidelsen av tobakksprodukter, herunder aldring, blanding, platedannelse, skjæring, tørking, av-kjøling, sortering, forming og pakking, dannes betraktelige mengder tobakkskorn og tobakksstøv. Det er kjent at slike tobakkskorn og tobakksstøv kan kombineres med et bindemiddel for å danne en sammenhengende plate som likner bladtobakk og som vanligvis hen- During the manufacture and processing of tobacco products, including ageing, mixing, sheet formation, cutting, drying, cooling, sorting, shaping and packaging, considerable amounts of tobacco grains and tobacco dust are formed. It is known that such tobacco grains and tobacco dust can be combined with a binder to form a continuous sheet which resembles leaf tobacco and which is usually
vises til som rekonstituert tobakk. En fremgangsmåte for frem- referred to as reconstituted tobacco. A procedure for developing
stilling av rekonstituert tobakk av denne generelle karakter beskrives i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 2.734.510 hvor tobakkskorn og to-bakksstøv tilføres et bindemiddel fremstilt av karboksymetylcel- position of reconstituted tobacco of this general nature is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,734,510 where tobacco grains and tobacco dust are added to a binder made from carboxymethyl cel-
lulose, karboksymetyl-hydroksyetyl-cellulose eller et egnet salt lulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose or a suitable salt
av disse. Bindemidlet utgjør i slike sammensetninger fra 5 til 50 vektsprosent av den benyttete tobakk. TJ.S.-patentskrift nr. 2.708.175 beskriver et bindemiddel for rekonstituert tobakk som består av en plantegummi, hovedsakelig av galaktomannan. U.S.-patentskrift nr. 2.592.554 beskriver som bindemidler for rekonstituert tobakk forskjellige vannoppløselige polysakkarider, såsom alginsyre og pektinsyre og deres natrium- og kaliumsalter, utledet fra andre planter enn tobakk. Imidlertid øker innførin-gen av cellulosebindere mengden av cellulosemateriale i produktet ytterligere og er tilbøyelig til å skape en skarp og bitter røk når produktet blir benyttet til fremstilling av sigaretter. De naturlig hydrofile kolloide gummier, slike som guar, locustbønner, algin og andre vanlig benyttete materialer, såsom irsk mose, har of these. In such compositions, the binder makes up from 5 to 50% by weight of the tobacco used. TJ.S. Patent No. 2,708,175 describes a binder for reconstituted tobacco consisting of a plant gum, mainly of galactomannan. U.S. Patent No. 2,592,554 discloses as binders for reconstituted tobacco various water-soluble polysaccharides, such as alginic acid and pectinic acid and their sodium and potassium salts, derived from plants other than tobacco. However, the introduction of cellulose binders further increases the amount of cellulose material in the product and tends to create a sharp and bitter smoke when the product is used for the manufacture of cigarettes. The naturally hydrophilic colloidal gums, such as guar, locust beans, algin and other commonly used materials, such as Irish moss, have
ytterligere ulemper. Disse materialer inneholder proteiner og andre materialer som ikke finnes i tobakk, og som gir tobakksproduk-tene sine egne bestemte aromaer ved røking. U.S.-patentskrift nr. 2.592.554 angir således ved beskrivelsen av anvendelsen av forskjellige vannoppløselige polysakkarider utledet fra andre planter enn tobakk at det bør omhyggelig påpasses at de er i foredlet tilstand. Det angis at disse materialer bør være fri for fremmed-stoffer som inneholder forbindelser med nitrogen, særlig proteiner og forbindelser med svovel, fosfor og halogener, det vil si forbindelser som gir uønskete produkter ved forbrenning eller tørr-destillasjon. Slik foredling er ofte en meget trettende og vanskelig operasjon. further disadvantages. These materials contain proteins and other materials that are not found in tobacco, and which give the tobacco products their own specific aromas when smoked. U.S. Patent No. 2,592,554 thus states in describing the use of various water-soluble polysaccharides derived from plants other than tobacco that care should be taken that they are in a refined state. It is stated that these materials should be free of foreign substances containing compounds with nitrogen, especially proteins and compounds with sulphur, phosphorus and halogens, that is compounds which give unwanted products on combustion or dry distillation. Such refinement is often a very tedious and difficult operation.
Oppfinnelsen som er beskrevet 1 U.S.-patentskrift nr. 3.353.541 gjør fremstillingen av forbedrete, rekonstituerte tobakksplater mulig ved hjelp av en fremgangsmåte som er enklere og mer effektiv enn de fremgangsmåter som er benyttet hittil. Sn slik fremgangsmåte krever ikke foredling av bindemidlet og er derfor enklere og effektivere anvendt enn andre fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av bindemidler og for fremstilling av rekonstituert tobakk. Den rekonstituerte tobakk som frembringes ifølge dette patentskrift, trenger ikke inneholde noe ekstra cellulose eller protein som ikke tilhører tobakk, fordi bindemidlet som benyttes kan utledes bare fra tobakk, og Inneholder ingen andre materialer enn de som naturlig forekommer 1 tobakk. Rekonstituert tobakk som er fremstilt i henhold til dette patentskrift, kan således dannes slik at den i fysiske egenskaper og kjemisk sammensetning er lik naturlig tobakk. Benevnelsen "pektinstoff" (dersom ikke annet er angitt, vil benevnelsene "pektin" og "pektinstoff" av hensikta- messighetshensyn heretter bli anvendt vekselvis), slik det benyttes i denne beskrivelse, betyr de stoffer som finnes i mange plan-teprodukter, og som består hovedsakelig av delvis metylerte ga-lakturonsyrer forenet i lange kjeder. The invention described in U.S. Patent No. 3,353,541 enables the production of improved reconstituted tobacco sheets by a method which is simpler and more efficient than the methods heretofore used. Such a method does not require processing of the binder and is therefore simpler and more effectively used than other methods for the production of binders and for the production of reconstituted tobacco. The reconstituted tobacco produced according to this patent does not need to contain any extra cellulose or protein that does not belong to tobacco, because the binder used can only be derived from tobacco, and contains no other materials than those that naturally occur in tobacco. Reconstituted tobacco produced in accordance with this patent can thus be formed so that it is similar in physical properties and chemical composition to natural tobacco. The term "pectin substance" (unless otherwise stated, the terms "pectin" and "pectin substance" will hereafter be used interchangeably for reasons of expediency), as used in this description, means the substances found in many plant products, and which consists mainly of partially methylated galacturonic acids united in long chains.
Pektinstoffene som finnes i tobakksplanter, inneholder ace-tylgrupper og avviker betraktelig fra handelsvanlige pektiner som finnes i andre planter, derunder sukkerbetepektiner og sitrus- og fruktpektiner. Tobakksprotopektlner er i særlig grad uoppløselige i varmt vann sammenliknet med protopektiner fra mange andre kil-der og inneholder hovedsakelig vann-uoppløselige pektiner (protopektiner) som består av kalsium- og magnesiumsaltene til delvis forestrete og svakt acetylerte polymerer av galakturonsyre. De toverdige kalsiumatomer og magneslumatomer virker som tverrledd mellom syrekjedene, og gjør således polymerene vann-uoppløselige. Som en illustrasjon kan oppbygningen til kalsiumsaltet til en polymer av galakturonsyre representeres som følger: The pectin substances found in tobacco plants contain acetyl groups and differ considerably from commercially available pectins found in other plants, including sugar beet pectins and citrus and fruit pectins. Tobacco protopectls are particularly insoluble in hot water compared to protopectins from many other sources and mainly contain water-insoluble pectins (protopectins) which consist of the calcium and magnesium salts of partially esterified and weakly acetylated polymers of galacturonic acid. The divalent calcium atoms and magnesium atoms act as cross-links between the acid chains, thus making the polymers water-insoluble. As an illustration, the structure of the calcium salt of a polymer of galacturonic acid can be represented as follows:
Selv om pektiner har vært kjent lenge som bestanddeler i plante-vev, har det vært funnet meget vanskelig å skille pektinene fra resten av planteforbindelsene og å frembringe dem som homogene forbindelser. Gjenvinningen av pektiner fra tobakk er enda vanske-ligere enn gjenvinningen av pektiner fra andre planter. Although pectins have long been known as constituents of plant tissue, it has been found very difficult to separate the pectins from the rest of the plant compounds and to produce them as homogeneous compounds. The recovery of pectins from tobacco is even more difficult than the recovery of pectins from other plants.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen som er beskrevet i U.S.-patentskrift According to the invention described in U.S. Pat
nr. 3.353.541 blir tobakksdeler sammenføyet av tobakkspektiner som er behandlet spesielt ved hjelp av en fremgangsmåte som etter-later disse pektinene i en form hvori de kan benyttes som bindemiddel. Fremgangsmåten for behandling av tobakkspektiner omfatter først at tobakksdeler, fortrinnsvis i en form hvori de oppviser No. 3,353,541, tobacco parts are joined by tobacco pectins that have been specially treated using a method that leaves these pectins in a form in which they can be used as a binder. The method for treating tobacco pectins first comprises that tobacco parts, preferably in a form in which they exhibit
et stort overflateareal, bringes til å reagere med en vandig opp-løsning av en ugiftig reagens som er i stand til å reagere med og nedbryte kalsiumtverrleddene og magnesiumtverrleddene i det pektinholdige stoff som naturlig opptrer i tobakk. Ved å bryte ned kalsiumtverrleddene og magnesiumtverrleddene frigjøres tobakkspektinene og blir tilgjengelige for bruk som bindemiddel. Tobakkspektinene blir deretter oppløst eller dispergert i en oppløsning, eller blir 1 det minste tilstrekkelig løsgjort fra tobakksmassens me11om-ver k til at de kan danne et belegg på denne. Tobakkspektiner som er oppløst eller dispergert, blir deretter utfelt eller avleiret fra oppløsningen slik at de blir tilgjengelige for bruk som bindemiddel. På denne måten kan tobakksdeler sammenføyes uten å innføre noe materiale som bindemiddel som er fremmed for tobakken,og uten behov for å rense tobakkspektinene, da de urenheter som er til stedejvanligvis er til stede i tobakk og således ikke tilføyer tobakken noen uønskete egenskaper. a large surface area, is reacted with an aqueous solution of a non-toxic reagent capable of reacting with and breaking down the calcium cross-links and magnesium cross-links in the pectin-containing substance naturally occurring in tobacco. By breaking down the calcium cross-links and the magnesium cross-links, the tobacco pectins are released and become available for use as a binding agent. The tobacco pectins are then dissolved or dispersed in a solution, or are at least sufficiently loosened from the me11omer of the tobacco mass so that they can form a coating on it. Tobacco pectins which are dissolved or dispersed are then precipitated or deposited from the solution so that they become available for use as a binder. In this way, tobacco parts can be joined without introducing any material as a binder which is foreign to the tobacco, and without the need to purify the tobacco pectins, as the impurities that are present are usually present in tobacco and thus do not add any undesirable properties to the tobacco.
Tobakksdelene som kan benyttes, omfatter tobakksblader, stengler, stilker eller en blanding av disse, enten i plater, flak eller partikkelform. Delene blir fortrinnsvis malt, skåret opp eller på annen måte gitt en form som oppviser stort overflate-areal. De deler av planten som omfatter stenglene eller bladnervene, og som ofte refereres til som tobakkspetioler (stengler), er de fore-trukne utgangsmaterialer. Tobakksstilker inneholder mindre mengder pektinholdig materiale, men kan også benyttes. The tobacco parts that can be used include tobacco leaves, stalks, stalks or a mixture of these, either in sheets, flakes or particle form. The parts are preferably painted, cut up or otherwise given a shape that exhibits a large surface area. The parts of the plant which comprise the stems or leaf nerves, and which are often referred to as tobacco petioles (stems), are the preferred starting materials. Tobacco stalks contain smaller amounts of pectin-containing material, but can also be used.
I det første trinn av fremgangsmåten beskrevet i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 5.353.541 blir tobakkspektiner frigjort fra pektinholdige materialer i tobakk ved å la de pektinholdlge materialer reagere med en reagens som er reaktiv med kalsiumet (og/eller magnesiumet) som finnes i disse, for å danne en forbindelse eller et produkt med lavere konsentrasjon av kalsiumioner og, når det dreier seg om magnesium, av magneslumioner, i behandlingsoppløs-ningen enn i det naturlig forekommende kalsium- (eller magnesium-) pektat. (Med "konsentrasjon" menes konsentrasjon eller aktivitet slik det beskrives i Glasstone?"Textbook of Physical Chemistry", 2. utgave, side 954, 9.7. Kostrand Co. Inc.). In the first step of the process described in U.S. Patent No. 5,353,541, tobacco pectins are released from pectin-containing materials in tobacco by reacting the pectin-containing materials with a reagent reactive with the calcium (and/or magnesium) contained therein, to form a compound or product with a lower concentration of calcium ions and, in the case of magnesium, of magnesium ions, in the treatment solution than in the naturally occurring calcium (or magnesium) pectate. (By "concentration" is meant concentration or activity as described in Glasstone?"Textbook of Physical Chemistry", 2nd edition, page 954, 9.7. Kostrand Co. Inc.).
Reaksjonen kan generelt representeres ved likning I, som illustrerer reaksjonen til st tobakksprotopektin (et salt av en polymer av galakturonsyre) hvor kalslumtverrledd er til stede sam-sen med reagensen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse. I liknin-gen kan Svære hydrogen, og produktet vil da vare gsktinsyre, el-lar R kan rare@t©averåig anorganisk kation, såsom natrium, ka lium eller ammonium. The reaction can generally be represented by equation I, which illustrates the reaction of primary tobacco protopectin (a salt of a polymer of galacturonic acid) where calcium crosslinks are present together with the reagent according to the present invention. In the equation, Svære can be hydrogen, and the product will then be succinic acid, or R can be any inorganic cation, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium.
+ Z-R + Z-R
Behandlingsreage na ifølge oppfinnelsen. Treatment reaction na according to the invention.
+ Z-Ca- + Z-Ca-
Produkt med lavere kat i onkonsentrasj on enn kalsiumpektatet i behandlingsopp-løsningen. Product with a lower cation concentration than the calcium pectate in the treatment solution.
Sn særlig foretrukket reagens for bruk ifølge oppfinnelsen virker delvis som et kompleksdannénde middel og delvis som et ut-fellingsmlddel. Sn slik reagens er diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat. The particularly preferred reagent for use according to the invention acts partly as a complexing agent and partly as a precipitating agent. One such reagent is diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate.
Med en gang tobakkepektinene er blitt frigjort fra tobakken ved fjerning av kalsium- og magnesiumtverrleddene ved disse ledds kjemiske reaksjon med diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat, bør pektinene løsgjøres fra tobakkens mellomverk. Det betyr at de blir gjort tilgjengelige for oppløsningen eller suspensjonen eller i visse tilfeller vil de bare avleires på tobakkspartiklenes overflate. Denne løsgjøringen kan gjennomføres samtidig med det første trinn ved å reagere med oppløsningen til behandlingsreagensen. Once the tobacco pectins have been released from the tobacco by removing the calcium and magnesium cross-links by the chemical reaction of these links with diammonium-monohydrogen-orthophosphate, the pectins should be released from the tobacco's intermediates. This means that they are made available to the solution or suspension or in certain cases they will simply be deposited on the surface of the tobacco particles. This release can be carried out simultaneously with the first step by reacting with the solution of the treatment reagent.
Ifølge fremgangsmåtens neste trinn kan de frigjorte og fra-skilte tobakkspektiner deretter utfelies fra behandlingsoppløsnln-gea. According to the next step of the method, the released and separated tobacco pectins can then be precipitated from the treatment solution.
Tobakkspektinene kan gjenvinnes vød å konsentrere oppløsnin-gen eller suspensjonen hvor de finnes, til de utfelles. Utfellings-priduktet kan karakteriseres som en umedgjørlig masse fordi pek-titaopplcøaiegen ved konsentrering vanligvis blir gradvis mar og mar tyktflytende inntil den til slutt tørker og avsette® 1 oa The tobacco pectins can be recovered by concentrating the solution or suspension where they are present until they are precipitated. The precipitation product can be characterized as an incompressible mass because the pectita opplcøaien during concentration usually gradually becomes more and more viscous until it finally dries and settles® 1 oa
glassaktig, faat tilstand. glassy, faat state.
Mens tobakkspektiner kan fraskilles og renses før de benytte*, ex det likevel mulig å anvende dem slik som de fremstilles, det- vil «i sammen med de behandlete tobakksplantedeler som de ble utvunnet fra. Ted å benytte dem i denne tilstand går ingen opp-rinnelige tobakksaromaer tapt, og det kreves ingen kostbare for-edl ingsoperasjoner. While tobacco pectins can be separated and purified before use*, it is still possible to use them as they are produced, that is, together with the treated tobacco plant parts from which they were extracted. By using them in this state, no soluble tobacco aromas are lost, and no expensive refining operations are required.
Selv om det ikke er nødvendig, er det mulig å innstille de tiksotrope egenskaper til oppløsningene som inneholder oppløselige pektiner ved fremstillingen av en tørket plate, ved tilsetting av et slikt materiale som kalsiumklorid. Dersom et eller annet kom-pleks eller utfellingsprodukt som dannes ved det første trinn av denne fremgangsmåte, er til stede sammen med de oppløselige pektater, kan blandingens tiksotrope egenskaper også innstilles ved å innstille pH-verdien slik at det utfelles kalsium- og magnesium-pektater. Although not necessary, it is possible to adjust the thixotropic properties of the solutions containing soluble pectins in the preparation of a dried plate by the addition of such a material as calcium chloride. If some complex or precipitation product formed in the first step of this method is present together with the soluble pectates, the thixotropic properties of the mixture can also be adjusted by adjusting the pH so that calcium and magnesium pectates are precipitated .
Uttrykket "tobakkspektin" betyr slik det benyttes 1 denne beskrivelse, "frigjorte tobakkspektiner" og omfatter pektiner som er blitt befridd eller frigjort fra tobakk,og derfor ikke er bundet til tobakkens oppbygning til forskjell fra uoppløselige, naturlig forekommende protopektiner som er bundet til en plantecel-leoppbygnlng. Uttrykket inkluderer den frie pektinsyre og likele-des oppløselige salter såsom natrium-, kalium-, ammonlum-pektater og -pektinater og uoppløselige salter, såsom kalsium- og magneslum-pektater og -pektinater, avhengig av hvilken fremgangsmåte som benyttes for å frigjøre og utvinne dem fra de naturlig forekommende uoppløselige protopektiner. The term "tobacco pectin" means, as used in this description, "liberated tobacco pectins" and includes pectins that have been freed or released from tobacco, and are therefore not bound to the structure of the tobacco in contrast to insoluble, naturally occurring protopectins that are bound to a plant cell -leoppbygnlng. The term includes the free pectic acid as well as soluble salts such as sodium, potassium, ammonium pectates and pectinates and insoluble salts such as calcium and magnesium pectates and pectinates, depending on the method used to release and extract those from the naturally occurring insoluble protopectins.
Tobakkspektiner som er fremstilt eller frigjort in situ eller isolert ved hjelp av oppfinnelsen som beskrives i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 3.353.541, kan benyttes som eneste bindemiddel for rekonstituert tobakk, det vil si at ingen andre materialer trenger å tilsettes for å fremstille platen. De kan sprøytes, ekstruderes eller støpes, og således lette påføringen på et vandrende bånd som bærer tobakksstøv. Under riktige betingelser med hensyn til dannelse og fremstilling kan rekonstituert tobakk fremstilt med tobakkspektiner ifølge den nevnte oppfinnelse oppvise meget gode fy-sikalske og aromatiske egenskaper. Bruddstyrken og våt-styrken til rekonstituert tobakk er god. Fordi ingen materialer utover disse må tilsettes det pektinholdige bindemiddel, kan andre materialer tilsettes dersom det er ønskelig. For eksempel kan organiske sy-rer o-g bevarende midler som i seg selv kan være av tobakksopprin- neise, tilsettes. Mykningsmidler, såsom glykoler og polyglykoler og fuktighetsbevarere, såsom glyserin, kan også tilsettes dersom det ønskes. I tillegg kan tobakkspektinenes gel-styrke innstilles ved delvis utfelling for å styre slike rheologiske egenskaper som viskositet, fluiditet og elastisitet. Andre additiver eller dis-pergerlng8midler kan tilsettes i små mengder for å innstille egenskapene ved oppslemming forutsatt imidlertid at silkestoffer ikke tilsettes i store nok mengder til å virke uheldig inn på smaken eller aromaen til sluttproduktet. Dessuten kan tobakkspektinene kombineres med vannoppløselige gummier eller vanndispergerbare gummier som er vanlig brukt som bindemidler for tobakksplater, såsom metylcellulose, natriumkarboksymetylcellulose, guar-gummi, lo-custbønne-gummi, eller alginater, selv om det foretrekkes å mini-malisere eller eliminere tilsetningene av slike stoffer for å frembringe et produkt som likner naturlig tobakk mest mulig. Tobacco pectins produced or released in situ or isolated by means of the invention described in U.S. Patent No. 3,353,541 can be used as the sole binder for reconstituted tobacco, that is, no other materials need be added to make the sheet. They can be sprayed, extruded or molded, thus facilitating application to a traveling belt carrying tobacco dust. Under the right conditions with regard to formation and manufacture, reconstituted tobacco produced with tobacco pectins according to the aforementioned invention can exhibit very good physical and aromatic properties. The breaking strength and wet strength of reconstituted tobacco is good. Because no materials other than these must be added to the pectin-containing binder, other materials can be added if desired. For example, organic acids and preservatives which may themselves be of tobacco origin can be added. Emollients, such as glycols and polyglycols, and humectants, such as glycerin, may also be added if desired. In addition, the tobacco pectin's gel strength can be adjusted by partial precipitation to control such rheological properties as viscosity, fluidity and elasticity. Other additives or dispersing agents can be added in small amounts to adjust the properties during slurrying, provided, however, that silk substances are not added in large enough amounts to adversely affect the taste or aroma of the final product. In addition, the tobacco pectins may be combined with water-soluble gums or water-dispersible gums commonly used as binders for tobacco sheets, such as methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, locust bean gum, or alginates, although it is preferred to minimize or eliminate the additions of such substances to produce a product that resembles natural tobacco as closely as possible.
Produktet ved behandlingen av tobakksplantedeler ifølge den fremgangsmåte som beskrives i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 3.353.541, kan støpes direkte og tørkes og skjæres opp i partikkelformet materiale som likner vanlig røketobakk i fysikalsk form, og benyttet på denne måten, fortrinnsvis blandet med tobakksblader skåret eller revet opp på vanlig måte. Produktet kan støpes i plateform, i blok-ker eller som tråder eller andre former som ønsket. Sn viktig anvendelse av den tilberedte sammensatte oppslemmlng eller lett støpbare, isolerte pektinholdige masse er imidlertid som bindemiddel for malt tobakk og for fremstilling av tilsvarende tobakka-produkter som er egnet til røking. Platemateriale med meget forskjellige egenskaper kan dannes ved egnete variasjoner i fremstil-lingsmåten. Sn fremgangsmåte omfatter å helle den sammensatte oppslemmlng på et vandrende belte og påføre et sjikt tørr, malt tobakk eller oppstykket tobakk på den våte, adhesive flate. Dersom det ønskes, kan båndet først påføres et sjikt av tobakken, fulgt av et sjikt av bindemidlet og deretter et oversjikt av tobakken. Forskjellige tilsetninger kan Inkluderes i det malte materiale, såsom smakstilsetninger, mykningsmidler og aromatiske stoffer. Ba-nen blir til slutt tørket og deretter høvelig fuktet og rullet opp. Slike fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av kontinuerlige plater er vanlig kjent i faget og enkeltheter trenger ikke beskrives, nær-mere. Representativ for denne tilvirkning er apparatet og fremgangsmåten som er beskrevet i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 2.734.513. The product of the processing of tobacco plant parts according to the method described in U.S. Patent No. 3,353,541 can be cast directly and dried and cut into particulate material resembling ordinary smoking tobacco in physical form, and used in this way, preferably mixed with cut tobacco leaves or torn up in the usual way. The product can be cast in plate form, in blocks or as threads or other forms as desired. However, the most important application of the prepared composite slurry or easily castable, isolated pectin-containing mass is as a binder for ground tobacco and for the manufacture of corresponding tobacco products suitable for smoking. Sheet material with very different properties can be formed by suitable variations in the production method. The method involves pouring the compound slurry onto a traveling belt and applying a layer of dry, ground tobacco or cut-up tobacco to the wet, adhesive surface. If desired, the tape can first be applied with a layer of the tobacco, followed by a layer of the binder and then a top layer of the tobacco. Various additives can be included in the ground material, such as flavourings, softeners and aromatic substances. The track is finally dried and then suitably moistened and rolled up. Such methods for producing continuous plates are commonly known in the art and details do not need to be described in more detail. Representative of this manufacture is the apparatus and method described in U.S. Patent No. 2,734,513.
Sn annen fremgangsmåte for dannelse av et rekonstituert to-., bakksprodukt sammen med oppslemmingen av de isolerte tobakkspek tiner som bindemiddel omfatter fullstendig blanding av malt tobakk med oppslemmingen til en masse med deigliknende konsistens og stø-ping av massen i plateform på en vandrende belteflate fulgt av en tørking og gjenfukting ifølge kjente fremgangsmåter. Representa-tive for denne tilvirkningen er det apparat og den fremgangsmåte som er beskrevet i U.S.-patentskrifter nr. 2.708.175 og 2.769.734. Det er innlysende at rekonstituert tobakk også kan dannes ved stø-ping i form eller andre egnete fremgangsmåter. Another method for forming a reconstituted two-. of a drying and rewetting according to known methods. Representative of this production is the apparatus and method described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,708,175 and 2,769,734. It is obvious that reconstituted tobacco can also be formed by casting in a mold or other suitable methods.
En særlig foretrukket aspekt omfatter anvendelse, enten som-bindemiddel eller direkte, av blandingen av tobakk og tobakkspektiner som er blitt fremstilt in situ, uten noen atskillende trinn og uten at det er nødvendig å benytte noen ytterligere adhesive materialer. A particularly preferred aspect comprises the use, either as a binder or directly, of the mixture of tobacco and tobacco pectins which have been prepared in situ, without any separating steps and without the need to use any additional adhesive materials.
Man har oppdaget at når rekonstituerte tobakksplater er fremstilt under benyttelse av diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat under de betingelser som beskrives i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 3.353.541, It has been discovered that when reconstituted tobacco sheets are prepared using diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate under the conditions described in U.S. Patent No. 3,353,541,
kan mengden av diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat som er benyttet, ha vekslende innvirkning på den resulterende plate. Således kan, the amount of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate used can have a varying effect on the resulting plate. Thus, can
når mer enn 5 vektsprosent diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat (basert på vekten av tobakken) benyttes, under forhold som beskrives i nevnte patentskrift, det resulterende bindemiddel eller støpe-plate ha noen egenskaper som ikke er fullstendig tilfredsstillende. Når for eksempel mer enn 5 vektsprosent diammonium-monohydrogen-ortof osfat benyttes, kan støpeproduktet være noe mørkere enn ønskelig eller kan brenne mindre jevnt enn platen som er fremstilt med mindre enn 5 vektsprosent diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat. when more than 5% by weight of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate (based on the weight of the tobacco) is used, under conditions described in said patent document, the resulting binder or molding sheet has some properties that are not completely satisfactory. When, for example, more than 5% by weight of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate is used, the cast product may be somewhat darker than desired or may burn less evenly than the plate produced with less than 5% by weight of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å frembringe en forholdsregel som forbedrer brenn-egenskapene til rekonstituerte tobakksplater og særlig de som er fremstilt under anvendelse av mer enn 5 vektsprosent diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat, og som i stor grad senker viskositeten til den oppløsning som benyttes ved fremstillingen av slike plater til punkt hvor de resulterende plater er mer tilfredsstillende fra et fagmessig synspunkt. The purpose of the invention is to produce a precaution which improves the burning properties of reconstituted tobacco sheets and in particular those produced using more than 5% by weight of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate, and which largely lowers the viscosity of the solution used in the production of such plates to the point where the resulting plates are more satisfactory from a technical point of view.
Oppfinnelsen består således i en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av rekonstituerte tobakksplater, hvor tobakksplantedeler bringes til å reagere ved en temperatur fra værelsestemperatur til 150 C med en vandig oppløsning av diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat, idet fosfatet utgjør fra 1 til 30 vektsdeler pr. 100 deler tobakk, hvoretter reaksjonen fortsettes inntil en målbar mengde pektiner frigjøres fra tobakken, at det tilsettes fra 1 til 50 vektsdeler av kalsium-eller magnesiumfosfat pr. 100 deler tobakk, samt at det resulterende materiale støpes til et tobakksark. The invention thus consists in a method for producing reconstituted tobacco sheets, where tobacco plant parts are brought to react at a temperature from room temperature to 150 C with an aqueous solution of diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate, the phosphate being from 1 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts of tobacco, after which the reaction is continued until a measurable quantity of pectins is released from the tobacco, that from 1 to 50 parts by weight of calcium or magnesium phosphate are added per 100 parts of tobacco, and that the resulting material is molded into a tobacco sheet.
Kalsiumfosfatet eller magnesiumfosfatet kan være et syntetisk fosfat eller en blanding av syntetiske fosfater eller kan være et naturlig forekommende fosfat. Eksempler på egnete fosfater omfatter: dikalsiumfosfat, kalsiummetafosfat, monokalsiumfosfat som salter av fosforsyre, kalsium-pyrofosfat, trikalsiumfosfat, mone-titt, brushitt, marinitt, isoklasitt, fluorapatitt, klorapatitt, podolitt, dalitt, trankolitt, tribasisk eller normalt magnesiumfosfat, surt magnesiumfosfat, magnesiumbifosfat, magnesiumpyrofos-fat, magnesium-ammoniumfosfat og liknende. Artene av fosfater og de tilstander de kan benyttes i, kan varieres. For en detaljert beskrivelse av kalsium- og magnesiumfosfater av den art som kan benyttes henvises til J.R.Yan Wazer: "Phosphorus and Its Compounds", Bind I, side'532-542, Interscience, New York 1958. The calcium phosphate or magnesium phosphate may be a synthetic phosphate or a mixture of synthetic phosphates or may be a naturally occurring phosphate. Examples of suitable phosphates include: dicalcium phosphate, calcium metaphosphate, monocalcium phosphate as salts of phosphoric acid, calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, monetite, brushite, marinite, isoclasite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite, podolite, dalite, trancolite, tribasic or normal magnesium phosphate, acid magnesium phosphate, magnesium biphosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate and the like. The types of phosphates and the conditions in which they can be used can be varied. For a detailed description of calcium and magnesium phosphates of the kind that can be used, reference is made to J.R. Yan Wazer: "Phosphorus and Its Compounds", Volume I, pages'532-542, Interscience, New York 1958.
Den beste askedannelse og de beste røkeegenskapef ved produkter ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås når den resulterende plate inneholder fra 13- til 20 vektsprosent av kalsiumf osfatet eller magne-siumf osfatet, selv om fra 1 til 50 vektsprosent fosfat, basert på den rekonstituerte tobakk, kan brukes med gode resultater. The best ash formation and smoking properties of products according to the invention are obtained when the resulting sheet contains from 13 to 20 percent by weight of the calcium phosphate or magnesium phosphate, although from 1 to 50 percent by weight of phosphate, based on the reconstituted tobacco, can be used with good results.
Platen i en foretrukket utførelsesform inneholder fra 1 til 30 vektsprosent (basert på den rekonstituerte tobakk) diammonium-monohydrogen-ortof osfat i sammensetning med fra 1 til 50 vektsprosent kalsiumfosfat eller magnesiumfosfat. Kalsiumfosfatet eller magnesiumfosfatet kan imidlertid også benyttes til å forbedre plater som er fremstilt ved enhver av de kjente fremgangsmåter for The plate in a preferred embodiment contains from 1 to 30 weight percent (based on the reconstituted tobacco) diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate in composition with from 1 to 50 weight percent calcium phosphate or magnesium phosphate. However, the calcium phosphate or the magnesium phosphate can also be used to improve plates which have been produced by any of the known methods for
0 fremstilling av rekonstituerte tobakksplater, for eksempel de fremgangsmåter som beskrives i U.S.-patentskrift nr. 3.353.541. 0 production of reconstituted tobacco sheets, for example the methods described in U.S. Patent No. 3,353,541.
Kalsiumfosfatet eller magnesiumfosfatet kan tilsettes tobakksdelene mens de er i oppslemmet tilstand, enten med eller uten andre bestanddeler, før oppslemmingen støpes som en plate. The calcium phosphate or magnesium phosphate may be added to the tobacco parts while they are in the slurry state, either with or without other ingredients, before the slurry is cast as a slab.
Man har funnet at slike fosfater, som anskueliggjort ved kalsiumfosfat, i motsetning til hva som skulle kunne ventes, senker viskositeten til den oppslemming de tilsettes. For eksempel senker kalsiumfosfat viskositeten til en oppslemming av tobakks-partikler og diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat fra ca. 17.000 centipoise til ca. 9.000 centipoise. Røkesammensetningen fremstilt fra oppslemmingen når denne ble støpt på båndet, brente jevnt'og ga en fast, grå aske og en akseptabel røk. It has been found that such phosphates, as exemplified by calcium phosphate, contrary to what might be expected, lower the viscosity of the slurry to which they are added. For example, calcium phosphate lowers the viscosity of a slurry of tobacco particles and diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate from approx. 17,000 centipoise to approx. 9,000 centipoise. The smoke composition produced from the slurry when it was cast onto the belt burned evenly and produced a solid, gray ash and an acceptable smoke.
Følgende eksempler er illustrerende: The following examples are illustrative:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Ett hundre gram hele, lyse stengler ble overhellet med 1.500 ml varmt ledningsvann. Til blandingen ble tilsatt 7,5 g One hundred grams of whole, light stems were poured over with 1,500 ml of warm tap water. To the mixture was added 7.5 g
diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat. Tilstrekkelig meget ammonium-hydroksyd ble tilsatt for å bringe pH-verdien opp på 7,0. Den resulterende blanding ble holdt over et kokende vannbad i tre timer. En veid prøve ble tørket i en ovn (Preas) ved 100°0 til konstant vekt. Tørrvekten ble dividert med den originale vekt for å be-stemme andelen fest masse. Total fast masse ble funnet å være 6,61%. Oppslemmingen ble filtrert,og proporsjonale mengder av filtratet og den filtrerte masse ble deretter gjenblandet til bruk som bindemiddelbasis. Tre hundre gram av bindemidlet ble blandet med 5,949 gram kalsiumfosfat, NP, (30% av den totale faste masse). Samme mengde bindemiddelbasis uten kalsiumfosfat ble behandlet for å tjene som kontroll. Etter fullstendig blanding ble de to sett bindemidler støpt på metallplater i plater med 1,25 mm tykkelse. Platene ble deretter damptørket. Det ble iakttatt at bindemidlet som inneholdt kalsiumfosfat var meget lysere i farge enn kontrollprøven, noe som er en ønsket egenskap i en rø-keblanding. De to bindemlddelsett ble revet opp til sigarettfyl-ling, fremstilt som sigaretter og røkt. Kontrollprøven som ikke inneholdt kalsiumfosfat brant ujevnt og ga en hård, sort aske. Prøvesigarettene med kalsiumfosfat brant jevnt, ga en grå aske som var litt svak og ga en riktig mild røk som var mindre stram enn prøvens. diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate. Sufficient ammonium hydroxide was added to bring the pH up to 7.0. The resulting mixture was held over a boiling water bath for three hours. A weighed sample was dried in an oven (Preas) at 100°C to constant weight. The dry weight was divided by the original weight to determine the proportion of solid mass. Total solid mass was found to be 6.61%. The slurry was filtered, and proportional amounts of the filtrate and the filtered pulp were then reblended for use as a binder base. Three hundred grams of the binder was mixed with 5.949 grams of calcium phosphate, NP, (30% of the total solid mass). The same amount of binder base without calcium phosphate was treated to serve as a control. After complete mixing, the two sets of binders were cast on metal sheets in sheets of 1.25 mm thickness. The plates were then steam dried. It was observed that the binder containing calcium phosphate was much lighter in color than the control sample, which is a desired property in a smoke mixture. The two binder sets were torn up for cigarette filling, produced as cigarettes and smoked. The control sample which did not contain calcium phosphate burned unevenly and produced a hard, black ash. The test cigarettes with calcium phosphate burned evenly, produced a gray ash that was a little weak, and produced a fairly mild smoke that was less austere than that of the test.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Ett hundre gram lyse tobakksstengler ble behandlet som beskrevet i eksempel 1, og 300 gram av oppslemmingen (total andel faste stoffer var 6,61%) ble benyttet til å fremstille en blanding hvortil 3,966 gram kalsiumfosfat ble tilsatt (20% av de totale faste stoffer). Det resulterende materiale ble blandet i en blandeanordning (Waring) og støpt på metallplater 1 plater med 1,25 mm tykkelse. En liknende blanding uten tilsetning av kalsiumfosfat ble behandlet på samme måte for å bli benyttet som kontroll. De to sett fyllstoffer ble revet opp og fremstilt som sigaretter. Når de ble røkt, ble det funnet at sigaretten uten kalsiumf osfat brant ujevnt og ga en hård, sort aske. Prøvesigaretten med kalsiumfosfat brant jevnt, ga en sterk, grå aske og var mil-dere i smak enn kontrollprøven. One hundred grams of light tobacco stems were treated as described in Example 1, and 300 grams of the slurry (total solids was 6.61%) was used to prepare a mixture to which 3.966 grams of calcium phosphate was added (20% of the total solids ). The resulting material was mixed in a mixing device (Waring) and cast on metal sheets 1 sheets of 1.25 mm thickness. A similar mixture without the addition of calcium phosphate was treated in the same way to be used as a control. The two sets of fillers were torn up and made into cigarettes. When smoked, the cigarette without calcium phosphate was found to burn unevenly and produce a hard, black ash. The test cigarette with calcium phosphate burned evenly, produced a strong, gray ash and was milder in taste than the control sample.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Ved et forsøksforløp ble en oppslemming med en viskositet på 16.800 centipoise (Brookfield, 20 omdr. pr. min.) og et inn-hold av faste stoffer på 12,05% fremstilt av følgende materialer: In an experimental run, a slurry with a viscosity of 16,800 centipoise (Brookfield, 20 rpm) and a solids content of 12.05% was produced from the following materials:
832 liter vann ved 82°C, 832 liters of water at 82°C,
110 kg avfallsblader og stengelpartikler, 110 kg of waste leaves and stem particles,
8,2 kg diammonium-monohydrogen-ortofosfat, 8.2 kg diammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate,
7,6 kg konsentrert vandig ammoniakk. 7.6 kg of concentrated aqueous ammonia.
En del av oppslemmingen ble sprøytet på et rustfritt stålbånd og arket ble tørket til en plate som veide ca. 163 g/m . Føl-gende data ble frembrakt for platen: A portion of the slurry was sprayed onto a stainless steel belt and the sheet was dried to a plate weighing approx. 163 g/m . The following data was produced for the disc:
Kontroll av fuktighet etter 1 time i fuktekammer: 23,1%. Platevektens tørrbasis: 163 g. Control of humidity after 1 hour in humidity chamber: 23.1%. Plate weight dry basis: 163 g.
Set ble tilsatt 11,38 kg kalsiumfosfat (HF) til en annen Set was added 11.38 kg of calcium phosphate (HF) to another
porsjon av oppslemmingen som ble fremstilt av ae bestanddeler som er angitt foran. Denne mengde kalsiumfosfat tilsvarer 0,20 deler pr. del bladstøv. Dette ble sprøytet på et rustfritt stålbånd og tørket for å danne en plate som velde ca. 108 g/m . portion of the slurry which was prepared from ae ingredients listed above. This amount of calcium phosphate corresponds to 0.20 parts per part leaf dust. This was sprayed onto a stainless steel belt and dried to form a sheet of approx. 108 g/m .
Følgende data ble funnet for platen: The following data was found for the disc:
Kontroll av fuktighet etter 1 time i fuktekammer: 25,4%. Platevekt: 107,5. Control of humidity after 1 hour in humidity chamber: 25.4%. Plate weight: 107.5.
Det ble iakttatt at tilsetningen av kalsiumfosfat i virke-ligheten forårsaket en reduksjon i Brookfield-viskositeten fra 17.000 oentipoise til ca. 9.000 centipoise. Kalsiumfosfat-tilsetningen resulterte også i et lysere farget produkt. It was observed that the addition of calcium phosphate actually caused a reduction in the Brookfield viscosity from 17,000 oentipoise to about 9,000 centipoise. The calcium phosphate addition also resulted in a lighter colored product.
Sigaretter som er fremstilt av fyllmasse av de to typer av plater ble røkt, og de samme fordeler som ble beskrevet i eksempel 1 og 2,ble observert. Cigarettes made from fillers of the two types of plates were smoked, and the same benefits described in Examples 1 and 2 were observed.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US557927A US3386449A (en) | 1966-06-16 | 1966-06-16 | Method of making a reconstituted tobacco sheet |
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NO118662B true NO118662B (en) | 1970-01-19 |
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US3703177A (en) * | 1970-08-13 | 1972-11-21 | Philip Morris Inc | Smoking product and method of making same |
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US4674519A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1987-06-23 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Cohesive tobacco composition |
US4880018A (en) * | 1986-02-05 | 1989-11-14 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Extruded tobacco materials |
US4821749A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1989-04-18 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Extruded tobacco materials |
US4987906A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-01-29 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US5099864A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1992-03-31 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US5415186A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1995-05-16 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Substrates material for smoking articles |
US5396911A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1995-03-14 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Substrate material for smoking articles |
US5327917A (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1994-07-12 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material |
US5143097A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-09-01 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US5159942A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-11-03 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Process for providing smokable material for a cigarette |
US5501237A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1996-03-26 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US5339838A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-08-23 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material |
US5377698A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-01-03 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Reconstituted tobacco product |
US5325877A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1994-07-05 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US5533530A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-07-09 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
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US20050172976A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-08-11 | Newman Deborah J. | Electrically heated cigarette including controlled-release flavoring |
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JP2017518229A (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2017-07-06 | エスウェーエム・ルクセンブルク・エス・アー・エール・エル | Reconstituted plant material and its use for packaging, packaging and food products |
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US2613673A (en) * | 1946-07-11 | 1952-10-14 | Int Cigar Mach Co | Tobacco sheet material and method of producing the same |
US3012915A (en) * | 1957-11-21 | 1961-12-12 | Minerals & Chem Philipp Corp | Tobacco composition including comminuted solid material affixed thereto |
US3121433A (en) * | 1961-08-08 | 1964-02-18 | American Mach & Foundry | Manufacture of smoking products |
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- 1966-06-16 US US557927A patent/US3386449A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1967-05-23 GB GB23960/67A patent/GB1165454A/en not_active Expired
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US3386449A (en) | 1968-06-04 |
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NL146035B (en) | 1975-06-16 |
CH484633A (en) | 1970-01-31 |
NL6708413A (en) | 1967-12-18 |
DE1692933A1 (en) | 1972-02-24 |
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