NO118351B - - Google Patents
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- NO118351B NO118351B NO163440A NO16344066A NO118351B NO 118351 B NO118351 B NO 118351B NO 163440 A NO163440 A NO 163440A NO 16344066 A NO16344066 A NO 16344066A NO 118351 B NO118351 B NO 118351B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sugar
- rust
- incrustations
- soda
- agents
- Prior art date
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rohrzucker Natural products OCC1OC(CO)(OC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
- F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
- F42B7/06—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile with cartridge case of plastics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Description
Middel til forhindring av korrosjon, rust og inkrusteringer samt fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av samme. Means for preventing corrosion, rust and incrustations as well as a method for producing the same.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår særlige The present invention relates to particulars
effektive midler til forhindring av korrosjon, rust og inkrusteringer og en fremgangsmåte til å fremstille og påføre samme. Midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen er ikke effective agents for preventing corrosion, rust and incrustations and a method of making and applying the same. The agents according to the invention are not
alene i stand til å fjerne gammel rust og alone able to remove old rust and
inkrustasjoner (skall) som har avsatt seg incrustations (shell) that have settled
på veggene i alle slags beholdere for væs-ker, men når midlene regelmessig påføres on the walls of all kinds of containers for liquids, but when the agents are regularly applied
forhindrer de også dannelsen av rust og they also prevent the formation of rust and
inkrustasjoner og beskytter slike vegger incrustations and protects such walls
mot korrosjon ved innvirkning av vann, against corrosion due to the impact of water,
eventuelt sammen med reaktive gasser som possibly together with reactive gases such as
kan være tilstede i vannet som oksygen og may be present in the water as oxygen and
kulldioksyd, særlig ved høyere temperaturer. Midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan følge-lig tjene både som korrosjonshindrende og carbon dioxide, especially at higher temperatures. The agents according to the invention can therefore serve both as corrosion inhibitors and
rusthindrende midler og som midler til forhindring av inkrustasjoner. Disse midler anti-rust agents and as agents for preventing incrustations. These funds
har også en «avsaltende» virkning. also has a "desalting" effect.
Alkaliske midler til forhindring av inkrustasjoner og fremstillet fra sukkeropp-løsninger tilsatt kolloidale stoffer som stivelse og dekstrin er allerede kjent. Imidlertid er bruken av rent sukker for dette Alkaline agents for preventing incrustations and produced from sugar solutions with added colloidal substances such as starch and dextrin are already known. However, the use of pure sugar is for this
formål relativ kostbar. purpose relatively expensive.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes According to the present invention is obtained
der et alkalisk middel til forhindring av where an alkaline agent for the prevention of
korrosjon, rust og inkrustasjoner, inneholdende sukker og kolloidale stoffer, og de corrosion, rust and incrustations, containing sugar and colloidal substances, and those
karakteristiske hovedtrekk ved dette middel er at sukkerbestanddelen er tilsatt i The main characteristic of this remedy is that the sugar component has been added
form av råprodukter eller biprodukter fra form of raw products or by-products from
sukkerindustrien og inneholdende kolloidale stoffer, og at midlets pH-verdi inn-stilles på minst 9 ved tilsetning av natriumfosfat og soda eller etsnatron. the sugar industry and containing colloidal substances, and that the agent's pH value is set to at least 9 by adding sodium phosphate and soda or caustic soda.
Egnede råprodukter eller biprodukter Suitable raw products or by-products
fra sukkerindustrien er særlig sukkerroe- from the sugar industry is particularly sugar beet-
saft som fåes ved presning av sukkerroer og påfølgende inndampning av væsken. Dette materiale foreligger i form av en brunlig-sort væske med sirupkonsistens. Et annet særlig egnet produkt fra sukkerindustrien er roesukker-melasse. juice obtained by pressing sugar beet and subsequent evaporation of the liquid. This material is in the form of a brownish-black liquid with a syrup consistency. Another particularly suitable product from the sugar industry is beet sugar molasses.
Oppfinneren har gjort den overrasken-de erkjennelse at bruken i midler av nevnte art av slike sukkerholdige råmaterialer, foruten å være meget økonomisk frembringer en bemerkelsesverdig forbed-ret effekt med hensyn til å forhindre korrosjon, rust og inkrustasjoner, samt opp-løse allerede tilstedeværende rust og inkrustasjoner. Den forbedrede effekt i sam-menligning med rene sukkeroppløsninger kan i betydelig grad tilskrives innholdet av kolloidale stoffer i de anvendte råmaterialer. Tilsetning av stoffer som dekstrin og stivelse som gjør fremstillingen av slike midler meget kostbar kan da fullstendig sløyfes. The inventor has made the surprising realization that the use of such sugar-containing raw materials in agents of the aforementioned kind, in addition to being very economical, produces a remarkably improved effect with regard to preventing corrosion, rust and incrustations, as well as dissolving already present rust and incrustations. The improved effect in comparison with pure sugar solutions can be attributed to a significant extent to the content of colloidal substances in the raw materials used. The addition of substances such as dextrin and starch, which make the production of such agents very expensive, can then be completely omitted.
Bruken av bikarbonat for å gjøre kor-rosjons-, rust- og inkrustasjonshindrende midler alkaliske er ofte blitt foreslått. I foreliggende tilfelle frembringer imidlertid bikarbonatet ofte ikke den ønskede effekt og øker i noen tilfelle korrosjonen. Dette forhold kan forklares ved den kjennsgjer-ning at bikarbonat ved høyere temperaturer, som man har f. eks. i dampkjeler, av-spalter kulldioksyd som ved slike høyere temperaturer har en sterk korroderende virkning. Ved ifølge oppfinnelsen å til-sette natriumfosfat og soda eller etsnatron i slike mengder at pH-verdien stiger til over 9 oppnås det meget gunstige resul-tater. Der brukes fortrinsvis en blanding av trinatriumfosfat og soda med innstilling av pH-verdien på mellom 9 og 11. The use of bicarbonate to alkalinize anti-corrosion, anti-rust and anti-fouling agents has often been suggested. In the present case, however, the bicarbonate often does not produce the desired effect and in some cases increases the corrosion. This relationship can be explained by the fact that bicarbonate at higher temperatures, which one has e.g. in steam boilers, splits off carbon dioxide, which at such higher temperatures has a strong corrosive effect. By adding, according to the invention, sodium phosphate and soda or caustic soda in such quantities that the pH value rises to above 9, very favorable results are achieved. A mixture of trisodium phosphate and soda is preferably used, with the pH value set to between 9 and 11.
En ytterligere forbedring av egenskapene hos midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen opp-nåes ved tilsetning av materialer inneholdende humussyre. Forskjellige naturlige forekommende humussyreholdige stoffer,, som f. eks. det mellomprodukt mellom bek og lignit som er kjent under navnet Casselerbrunt kan brukes for dette formål. A further improvement of the properties of the agents according to the invention is achieved by adding materials containing humic acid. Various naturally occurring humic acid-containing substances, such as e.g. the intermediate product between pitch and lignite known under the name Casselerbrunt can be used for this purpose.
I stedet for eller sammen med de humussyreholdige stoffer kan det med fordel tilsettes kolloidal grafitt, særlig i de tilfelle hvor midlene til forhindring av korrosjon, rust og inkrusteringer skal brukes i store industrielle anlegg. Instead of or together with humic acid-containing substances, colloidal graphite can be advantageously added, particularly in cases where the agents for preventing corrosion, rust and incrustations are to be used in large industrial plants.
Ifølge et trekk ved oppfinnelsen kan veggene i dampkjeler beskyttes ytterligere mot korrosjon ved innvirkning av fritt oksygen som er tilstede i fødevannet ved tilsetning av reduserende stoffer til midlene. According to a feature of the invention, the walls of steam boilers can be further protected against corrosion by the influence of free oxygen present in the feed water by adding reducing substances to the agents.
Da de reduserende stoffer for dette formål må være effektive ved høye temperaturer, kunne tåle lang tids lagring og ikke spaltes i alkaliske media, brukes der fortrinsvis spesielle reduserende stoffer som f. eks. hydrazin, natriumsulfitt, natrium-tiosulfat og/eller natriumhydrosulfitt. Ved hjelp av disse stoffer er det også mulig fullstendig å fjerne det oksygen som er tilstede i kondensatet som dannes ved å kondensere og returnere dampen. Dette kondensat er meget rent, men har i almin-nelighet en relativt sterk korroderende virkning. Det er en vel kjent kjensgjer-ning at slike kondensater lett absorberer oksygen fra luften og at de, når de brukes som fødevann for dampkjeler, er en særlig årsak til korrosjon, rustflekker og lignende på kjelens innervegger, i ledningene for kondensat og i andre deler i kjeleanlegget. Denne ulempe elimineres fullstendig på den ovenfor angitte måte. As the reducing substances for this purpose must be effective at high temperatures, be able to withstand long-term storage and not decompose in alkaline media, special reducing substances such as e.g. hydrazine, sodium sulphite, sodium thiosulphate and/or sodium hydrosulphite. With the help of these substances, it is also possible to completely remove the oxygen present in the condensate formed by condensing and returning the steam. This condensate is very clean, but generally has a relatively strong corrosive effect. It is a well-known fact that such condensates easily absorb oxygen from the air and that, when used as feed water for steam boilers, they are a particular cause of corrosion, rust stains and the like on the inner walls of the boiler, in the lines for condensate and in other parts in the boiler plant. This disadvantage is completely eliminated in the manner indicated above.
Midlene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse har på samme tid en «avsaltende» virkning, dvs. de virker slik at saltholdig vann, f. eks. brakkvann, når det behandles med slike midler kan brukes som fødevann for dampkjeler. Herved elimineres omkostningene ved å skaffe rent vann som fødevann til kjelene. Omkostningene herved kan i mange tilfelle være betydelige, f. eks. om-bord på skip, så at prisen på midlene iføl-ge oppfinnelsen fullstendig kompenseres ved at de tillater bruken av saltholdig vann som fødevann. The agents according to the present invention at the same time have a "desalination" effect, i.e. they act so that salty water, e.g. brackish water, when treated with such agents can be used as feed water for steam boilers. This eliminates the costs of obtaining clean water as feed water for the boilers. The costs of this can in many cases be significant, e.g. on board ships, so that the price of the agents according to the invention is completely compensated by allowing the use of saline water as feed water.
Midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan frem-stilles f. eks. på følgende måte: Utgangsmaterialet, f. eks. roesukker- sirup eller melasse fortynnes til en sukker- konsentrasjon på omkring fortrinsvis 3 pst. Til 3 vektdeler sukker tilsettes omkring 3— 5 vektdeler vannfritt trinatriumfosfat og The agents according to the invention can be prepared, e.g. in the following way: The starting material, e.g. beet sugar syrup or molasses is diluted to a sugar concentration of around preferably 3 percent. To 3 parts by weight of sugar, add about 3-5 parts by weight of anhydrous trisodium phosphate and
1—4 vektdeler kalsinert soda. Videre kan det tilsettes 0,1 til 0,2 vektdeler Casseler-brunt eller grafitt. Blandingen opphetes derpå f. eks. i 20 til 30 minutter til en temperatur nær dens kokepunkt. 1-4 parts by weight of soda ash. Furthermore, 0.1 to 0.2 parts by weight of Casseler brown or graphite can be added. The mixture is then heated, e.g. for 20 to 30 minutes to a temperature close to its boiling point.
Man får herved en homogen oppløs-ning som etter avkjøling og lang tids hen-stand bare gir lite bunnfall. Denne lille mengde bunnfall kan fjernes ved filtrering eller ved sentrifugering hvis det ønskes et særlig rent produkt. Hvis et reduksjonsmiddel skal være tilstede kan dette tilsettes tilslutt. This results in a homogeneous solution which, after cooling and standing for a long time, gives only a small precipitate. This small amount of precipitate can be removed by filtration or by centrifugation if a particularly clean product is desired. If a reducing agent is to be present, this can be added at the end.
Midlene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er som nevnt i høy grad effektive og på samme tid billige fordi der brukes billige råmaterialer til deres fremstilling. Disse midler er derfor ikke bare egnet til bruk i industrielle anlegg som middel til å opp-løse allerede tilstedeværende rust eller inkrustasjoner eller til å forhindre dannelse av rust og inkrustasjoner, men de kan og-så brukes i næringsmiddelindustrien, f.eks. til rensning av melkebeholdere og tir å hindre avsetning av melk i disse, i motor-kjøretøyers kjølere for å forhindre tilstop-ning av de snevrere passasjer i den med rust eller inkrusteringer, i sentralvarme-anleggs kjeler, radiatorer, ledninger og andre deler. The agents according to the present invention are, as mentioned, highly effective and at the same time cheap because cheap raw materials are used for their production. These agents are therefore not only suitable for use in industrial plants as a means to dissolve already present rust or incrustations or to prevent the formation of rust and incrustations, but they can also be used in the food industry, e.g. for cleaning milk containers and to prevent the deposition of milk in them, in motor vehicle coolers to prevent clogging of the narrower passages in it with rust or incrustations, in central heating plant boilers, radiators, lines and other parts.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempel The following is described as an example
en utførelsesform for oppfinnelsen: an embodiment of the invention:
5 kg roesukkersaft med sukkerinnhold på 65 pst. blandes med 3 kg vannfritt trinatriumfosfat, 75 g Casselerbrunt og 2,5 kg vannfritt soda. Blandingen fortynnes med vann til 100 1 og oppvarmes fortrinsvis i et åpent kar. Man fortsetter opp-varmningen i omkring en halv time inntil oppløsningen er fullstendig homogen. Den avkjøles så og herunder tilsettes der 10 g hydrazin eller natriumsulfitt under om-røring. 5 kg beet sugar juice with a sugar content of 65 per cent is mixed with 3 kg anhydrous trisodium phosphate, 75 g Casselerbrunt and 2.5 kg anhydrous soda. The mixture is diluted with water to 100 1 and preferably heated in an open vessel. The heating is continued for about half an hour until the solution is completely homogeneous. It is then cooled and 10 g of hydrazine or sodium sulphite are then added while stirring.
I en kjele som er i drift 8 timer pr. døgn brukes der omkring i/2 kg oppløsning pr. m2 varmeflate pr. måned til fjernelse av rust, inkrustasjoner osv. som har dannet seg på kjelens vegger. Den nøyaktige mengde som brukes bestemmes i overens-stemmelse med vannforbruket eller vannets fordampning i systemet. In a boiler that is in operation 8 hours per around 1/2 kg of solution per day is used there. m2 heating surface per month to remove rust, incrustations etc. that have formed on the boiler walls. The exact amount used is determined in accordance with the water consumption or water evaporation in the system.
For å holde deler som er renset fri for ytterligere avsetninger og korrosjon under driften er mindre mengder tilstrekkelig og disse kan bestemmes i hvert enkelt tilfelle. To keep cleaned parts free of further deposits and corrosion during operation, smaller quantities are sufficient and these can be determined in each individual case.
Det kan være nødvendig å ta vannets hardhet i betraktning, særlig når der f. eks. It may be necessary to take the hardness of the water into account, especially when there is e.g.
brukes sjøvann som fødevann for dampkjeler. Det er innlysende at de relative seawater is used as feed water for steam boilers. It is obvious that the relative
mengdeforhold kan endres i overensstem-melse med egenskapene hos det vann som quantity ratios can be changed in accordance with the properties of the water which
skal behandles, temperaturen f. eks. i to be treated, the temperature e.g. in
dampkjelen, den type forurensninger som the steam boiler, the type of pollutants that
er tilstede osv. is present etc.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US464014A US3283720A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1965-06-15 | Molded plastic shotshell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO118351B true NO118351B (en) | 1969-12-15 |
Family
ID=23842169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO163440A NO118351B (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1966-06-14 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3283720A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT269687B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE682409A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES327904A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1114529A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU51329A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6608295A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO118351B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3394654A (en) * | 1965-10-14 | 1968-07-30 | Kawaguchiya Firearms | Cartridge |
| US3387560A (en) * | 1966-10-03 | 1968-06-11 | Avco Corp | Breech seal for rocket ammunition |
| US3575113A (en) * | 1968-02-26 | 1971-04-13 | Ashbrook Clifford L | Progressive burn shell |
| JPS5247280B1 (en) * | 1970-08-27 | 1977-12-01 | ||
| US4481885A (en) * | 1980-02-01 | 1984-11-13 | Federal Cartridge Corporation | One-piece shotshell |
| US4509428A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1985-04-09 | Federal Cartridge Corporation | Shotshell casing with partially telescoped basewad |
| US4569288A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-02-11 | Olin Corporation | Plastic cartridge case |
| US4867066A (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1989-09-19 | Olin Corporation | Shotshell casing with reduced volume basewad and increased interior volume for larger shot loads |
| US5021206A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1991-06-04 | Olin Corporation | Method of molding a dual plastic shotshell casing |
| US5157222A (en) | 1989-10-10 | 1992-10-20 | Joanell Laboratories, Inc. | Pyrotechnic ignition apparatus and method |
| US6752084B1 (en) * | 1999-01-15 | 2004-06-22 | Amtech, Inc. | Ammunition articles with plastic components and method of making ammunition articles with plastic components |
| US20040237828A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-12-02 | Judah Epstein | Sub-gauge shotgun hull |
| US20120085259A1 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Cronemberger Pedro De Oliveira | Cartridge for light-weighted projectiles |
| CN104011496A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2014-08-27 | 勇敢策略方案有限责任公司 | Shotshell type ammunition, firearms for firing such shotshell tpe ammunition and methods of manufacturing suh shotshell type ammunition |
| US9222761B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2015-12-29 | Intrepid Tactical Solutions, LLC | Shotshell type ammunition usable in magazine-fed firearms, and methods of manufacturing such shotshell type ammunition |
| US9217625B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2015-12-22 | Intrepid Tactical Solutions, Inc. | Shotshell type ammunition usable in magazine-fed firearms, and methods of manufacturing such shotshell type ammunition |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US347051A (en) * | 1886-08-10 | Sectional cartridge-shell | ||
| US395897A (en) * | 1889-01-08 | Shot-cartridge | ||
| US355530A (en) * | 1887-01-04 | hobbs | ||
| US2064503A (en) * | 1935-01-26 | 1936-12-15 | Jr Robert Temple | Cartridge |
| US2862446A (en) * | 1955-08-15 | 1958-12-02 | Kupag Kumststoff Patent Verwal | Cartridge |
| NL263526A (en) * | 1960-04-16 |
-
1965
- 1965-06-15 US US464014A patent/US3283720A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1966
- 1966-06-10 BE BE682409D patent/BE682409A/xx unknown
- 1966-06-14 ES ES0327904A patent/ES327904A1/en not_active Expired
- 1966-06-14 NO NO163440A patent/NO118351B/no unknown
- 1966-06-15 LU LU51329D patent/LU51329A1/xx unknown
- 1966-06-15 NL NL6608295A patent/NL6608295A/xx unknown
- 1966-06-15 AT AT570366A patent/AT269687B/en active
- 1966-06-15 GB GB26796/66A patent/GB1114529A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES327904A1 (en) | 1967-04-01 |
| BE682409A (en) | 1966-12-12 |
| NL6608295A (en) | 1966-12-16 |
| GB1114529A (en) | 1968-05-22 |
| US3283720A (en) | 1966-11-08 |
| AT269687B (en) | 1969-03-25 |
| LU51329A1 (en) | 1968-03-08 |
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