NL9200536A - Prefabricated insulating panels for constructing and covering buildings and saving, gaining, collecting and storing energy obtained from at least part of the spectrum of solar radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for covering and constructing buildings using panels comprising a finishing layer on the outer, visible side, an insulating intermediate layer and, below/behind this, another finishing, visible inner layer, channels through which a heat-transfer medium can flow preferably being provided between the insulating layer and the visible outer layer, while between and below the layers there may be other structural features and/or flame-resistant/retardant layers or substances, the intention being to obtain a finishing entity which looks like other, conventional roof, wall and floor finishes.

Description

Prefabricated insulating panels for building and covering buildings, and saving, recovering, collecting and storing energy obtained from at least part of the solar radiation spectrum.

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for covering and building buildings with panels consisting of a layer on the visible outside and an insulating intermediate layer, which in turn is provided with a finishing inner layer on the visible inside, and wherein preferably between the insulating layer and the visible outer layer channels are provided through which a heat transporting medium can flow.

The insulating prefabricated panels are systematically designed in such a way that the adjoining panels in combination fit in, next to, below and above each other, for floors, walls and especially roof covering. In this way, a finishing whole is immediately achieved in the construction of buildings or parts thereof. The panels are preferably provided directly below the visible outside with channels for the flow of a heat-transporting medium such as air, water or other gases or liquids in order to be able to simultaneously use the aforementioned panels and / or vanden as a solar collector or heat energy collector with the aim of to extract solar energy from at least part of the spectrum of the solar radiation.

Commonly known are system walls, system floors or system roofs as well as cover panels of concrete, plaster, wood, chipboard and other materials, whether or not with sound or heat insulating layers on which a conventional cover is later applied in the form of tiles, webbing, slates, reeds, corrugated sheet, tiles, other facade covers etc. etc. (fig. 1 to 3). Facade system walls are also known with a finishing inner and outer layer with insulation between them.

The roof panels (fig. 3) are usually provided with a finishing layer (?) On the inside of the roof (roof boarding) with an insulating layer (l) (such as insulating foam) on top and with construction elements that provide sufficient strength to the panel to handle larger spans. Also construction elerents (3) are applied on or in the panels for later applying the finishing layer such as pans etc. after the panels have been applied to the purlins or rails.

It is also generally known that the usual conventional method of covering decks on a building in which bundles of reed are laid on and over each other and aligned and tied in such a way that the reed forms an ordered reed covering on the outside as roof covering on a building.

It is also generally known that solar collectors are installed as solar collectors on existing roofs or in the open field or in spaces as independent units, whereby the necessary structural adjustments must be made to roof waterproofing, etc. or that existing solar collectors of various make and construction can be fitted into the usual conventional building constructions.

It is also known that new construction takes into account the choices of building material, layout and location with respect to the sun by means of passive solar energy to obtain energy savings with or without the use of channels.

For industrial buildings it is also known that prefabricated panels according to fig. 10 and]] are used for the roofs, in which a thin (usually metal outer layer of iron or aluminum) outer layer (3) forms a combination with a finishing inner layer (2). between which an insulating intermediate layer (1) is applied, which is usually a polyurethane foam layer.

The disadvantages of the various methods mentioned can be: - that 2 or more work steps are therefore required here before the roof is closed, because the finishing layer has to be applied later.

- that the price per square meter of roof, facade or floor construction is quite high due to the high labor costs and the multitude of materials, so that the construction costs are high.

- that constructive adjustments are necessary to match the different building materials of various manufacturers.

- that the heat and sound insulating effect of the roofs, facades and or floors often leaves something to be desired, because a combination of a number of different materials and manufactures is not optimally coordinated with each other, so that the total insulating effect is negatively affected.

- that the final weight of the facades and roofs per m2 becomes quite high.

- that there is only a heat-insulating effect and in the case of (solar) energy production there are separate solar collectors that must be introduced into the construction.

- that the too high cost per m2 of solar collectors includes

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sief construction facilities at current energy prices results in too long a payback period, which makes the use of a considerable collector surface economically unprofitable.

- that the integration in existing buildings and in new buildings of solar collectors encounter resistance from the point of view of aesthetic architecture, so that building permits are not issued or are delayed.

- that the additional building adaptations to include solar collectors in the construction of the structure increase the price again.

- that not enough energy is extracted to provide heating and hot water all year round, so that people still have to rely on conventional energy supply. Advantages in the conventional way of covering with reed are: - that constructive adjustments are necessary in order to be able to tie the bundles of reed to the roof structure.

- that a lot of reed is needed, because the bundles of reed are placed on and over each other, creating a very thick layer of reed.

- that, despite the foregoing, the reed layer does not have a very good insulating and sealing effect, so that an insulating layer and roof boarding must still be provided under the reed.

- that the price per square meter of roofing is quite high due to the high labor costs and the large amount of reed and other materials required.

- that specialized thatched roofers are required to provide a roof with a reed covering and that the time required to provide a building with a reed covering is quite high.

- that the roofing with thatch is very flammable, so that a high premium for the fire insurance must be paid.

- that the life of a conventional thatched roof is limited and that regular maintenance is required as a result of rotting phenomena and nos formation and the formation of holes by birds, so that a thatched roof often has to be replaced after 10 years. The object or object of the invention is to provide devices and methods consisting of various prefabricated parts and panels provided with the desired finishing layers on the inside and outside, which do not have the above-mentioned drawbacks or which have the same disadvantages, while simultaneously making use of several complementary advantages and possibilities created by this system.

This object is achieved by making system panels with associated fittings which can be used separately for walls, floors and roofs as well as together, and in which channels are preferably provided through which a heat transporting medium can flow, which panels are provided with an insulating layer which depending on their function, on one or both sides in shape and surface are immediately finished or adapted for the purpose as a square wall, floor or roof (fig A to 9), thereby giving the same optical image as conventional finishing.

This goal is also achieved by manufacturing reed system panels as well as fittings for finishing corners, curves and ends of the roofing.

Advantages are: - quick roof covering of a building using the panels is possible by a non-specialized workforce, which is especially the case with reed panels and roof panels such as solar collectors.

- on the outside there is a finishing cover which can hardly be distinguished from a cover arranged in a conventional manner.

r the price per square meter of cover may be relatively low compared to a conventional cover.

- considerable savings are made on material and labor costs and the covering can be realized in a short time.

- good heat and sound insulation is obtained.

- the energy-saving / energy-saving panels can be used both in a residential environment and in an industrial environment, whereby the energy extracted can be used not only for heating purposes but also for drying processes or other energy-consuming processes.

- There may be widespread application, which can also lead to significant energy savings in an environmentally-friendly manner on a large scale, so that CC2 emissions and combustion of fossil fuels can be considerably reduced and thereby ozone depletion can be reduced .

- that the panels simultaneously replace roof boarding, insulation and tiles (reap, webbing, corrugated sheet or reed) and, by using a heat transporting medium (which can flow through the channels), energy recovery / preparation can simultaneously occur.

* · That, despite a quality improvement, the total construction costs need not be higher due to time and material savings and that cheap panels can be built fairly quickly, - that a panel can be exchanged fairly quickly if necessary repairs are required. so that repair costs are not high.

- when replacing conventional reed cover with reed pane-1 and: * that a fire-resistant or fire-resistant layer can be applied in, on or under the different layers, or that the adhesive cg insulating layer itself can be fire-resistant or fire-resistant, so that fire safety is significantly improved and where the insurance premium against fire may be at the normal level.

* that rotting phenomena and moss formation of the reed cover will occur less quickly or not and birds will make holes in the reed cover less quickly or no holes, so that less maintenance is required and thus the life span is longer.

- that the application of the aforementioned system construction and system panels also makes it possible to quickly set up small inexpensive homes that are nevertheless of high quality and are visually attractive, making them ideal for deployment in disaster areas or developing countries, especially if further additional important advantages can be exploited by the constructional design, such as: * minimizing the energy consumption within the buildings.

* by designing the foundation or underside of the building as a watertight container in which energy storage can take place and / or which makes the building insensitive to flooding, because it can float due to a relatively light construction or as a floating house whether a building can be used in wetlands.

* resistance and employability in areas with extreme cold or extreme heat, severe storms and hurricanes, landslides or earthquakes or other natural disasters.

* fireproof and transportable, so that the buildings can be moved.

In this way, a permanent solution can also be offered in developing countries and disaster areas for continuing great human suffering.

Explanation and description of some preferred embodiments of the invention will hereinafter take place with reference to the accompanying drawings of examples.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show cross-sections of a part of a conventionally built house using insulated roof panels in which an insulating layer of polyurethane foam (1) is applied to a finishing inner layer as roof boarding (2.), which is usually provided is of self-supporting construction elements, and which are provided on the insulating layer with wooden support elements (3) to attach a conventional roof cover such as tiles, webbing, etc.

In this usual method, insulating panels are therefore first fixed with roof boarding on the inside and supporting elements for conventional roofing on the outside on the purlins or traces of the roof construction. Later, the conventional roofing material such as tiles, webbing, reed, etc. is applied. There is therefore no question of a possible simultaneous use of the roof cover as a solar collector and only conventional solar collectors can be used, which must be installed as a separate element in the construction.

In the method of the invention (fig. 4 to 16), panels are placed on the purlins or traces of the roof construction, which no longer require finishing on the inside or outside after fixing. I) because the panels consist of a finishing inner layer (2) as a roof boarding, on which an insulating layer (]) is fixed, while on the outside of the panel a finishing outer layer (4) is immediately provided with such a shape that optically the same appearance arises as with conventional covering with pans, webs, slates, reeds, etc., etc.

Although not necessary, spaces or channels (3) will preferably be left open between the insulating layer (2) and the finishing outer layer (4), through which a heat-transporting medium can flow. In this way, the heat collected by the outer layer (4) can be used for energy recovery and heating, the same also applies to the facade panels.

The entire roof surface (and possibly part of the facade) can thus be used to collect solar heat. Because the costs of the panels will be the same or lower as with a conventional construction method, this method creates a solar collector system which does not entail additional costs per m2 of collector surface. There are only additional costs for the technical heating installation, which must also be present to the same extent with other heating systems. On balance, a m2 collector surface costs almost nothing, because the collector is already integrated in the building facilities and which building facilities already had to be made. As a result, a possible lower energy efficiency of the collector surface will play little or no role on the profitability of the collector surface per m2. Because the entire roof surface can thus also be used as a solar collector at no additional cost, there will generally be a considerable energy supply. for heating and hot water supply so that there is practically no need to reheat i, certainly not if a combination with a heat or energy storage system and or heat pump is used.

In the case of reed panels as roof covering according to fig. 7-9 as preferred embodiments for track or purlin roofs, custom cut reed pieces (1) are embedded in an underlying layer with the top layer of reed stems properly arranged in the same direction and lie next to and on top of each other in such a way that the same optical appearance is obtained as with the normal reed cover. The reed stems can thus be quite short and only a fraction of reed is required compared to the conventional method.

Preferably, the adhesion of the reed stems will take place directly in an adhesive insulating underlayer (2) such as polyurethane foam or rigid foam, which layer is again applied to an acting underlayer that forms the roof boarding (3) on the inside of the roof covering. self-supporting construction elements are provided in order to achieve sufficient spans. Other intermediate layers are also conceivable, with or without interstices with gaseous layers such as air.

The panels can thus be applied directly to the roof purlins or rails and are manufactured in such a way that the panels can be arranged directly next to, under and above one another, so that a tight roof covering is immediately achieved in a working pass,

A further additional covering or finishing is no longer necessary for the roof covering and only the finishing of the top, the corners and the head ends for which special fittings are produced, remains. Fig. 8 shows an embodiment for a track hood, in which the construction elements are provided with transverse construction elements (5) which rest on the tracks (6). Fig. 9 shows an embodiment for a purlin roof, wherein the panels are provided with longitudinal construction elements (7) which rest on the purlins (8).

For panels which are preferably used in an industrial environment such as according to Figures 10 and 11, preferred embodiments according to Figures 12 to 16 are considered, in which channels (3) are left open between the insulating layer (1) and the outer layer (4). for the heat transfer medium. Since the outer layer (4) is intended to adhere directly to the insulating layer (1), it may be necessary from the viewpoint of effective production to provide a covering layer (5) in the profile of the outer layer as shown in FIG. 14 and 15. Thus, in case of application of polyurethane foam, the desired channels can be prevented from foaming.

If there is an application of water or liquids as a heat-transporting medium instead of air or other gases, it is conceivable according to Fig. 16 that, for practical reasons, spaces or tubes are provided in or under the outer layers 4 for the passage of the heat transporting medium.

It is also conceivable here that the outer layer (4) consists of loose outer panels which are applied to an insulating underlayer (1), optionally provided with a scalloped inner layer (2), which can also be applied separately.

Claims (6)

Device and method for covering and building buildings, characterized in that the prefabricated roof covering panels consist of a layer of material which is shaped (and / or arranged) in such a way that the visible exterior thereof gives the same optical image as other conventional roof coverings such as pans, webs, slates and reeds and that the layer of material is applied to one or more preferably insulating and / or fire-extinguishing / -resistant bottom layer (s) and whether or not it is adhered or embedded thereon, 2. Device and method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that on the visible inside of the panels there is a finishing shape or layer which forms the roof boarding, this layer preferably being between the visible outside and the visible inside (roof boarding). and between these layers are reinforcing or non-reinforcing elements which give the panels a self-supporting strength or whether or not they are provided with reinforcing elements under the visible inner side (roof boarding). 3. Device and method according to previous claims, characterized in that openings, channels and / or elements are situated directly below the visible outside, through which a heat-transporting medium such as air or another gas, or water or other liquid can flow for the benefit of of recovering, collecting or storing heat (energy) obtained from at least a part of the spectrum of the solar radiation, and this in combination or not in combination with a heat storage system. whether a heat pump is used. Device and method according to claim 3, characterized in that the visible exterior consists of a layer of material such as, for example (and preferably) a metal (such as iron, aluminum, or copper) which has been brought into a desired shape and directly or via an intermediate layer is applied to the insulating bottom layer and it is also possible that cavities for the heat-transporting medium are provided in the layer of material itself and / or possibly also with fittings to be applied to prevent the space from being foamed too full. 5. Device and method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the same described devices and methods for roof panels are also used for facade panels, wherein the finishing inner and outer layer resemble the usual facade finishes, and or floor panels, wherein also the finishing top and underlay resemble the usual finishes and for the floor panels only the transport of the (heat) energy gained through the channels is involved. 6. Device and method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that with previous panels a building is made which is constructed in such a way, whether or not in combination with other elements, that the building floats on the water surface because the underside of the building is watertight. container, either because the whole is provided with floating elements, or because the walls protruding downwards together with the floor can maintain an air cushion under the buildings.