NL9100176A - Antenna configuration for contactless identification label - forms part of tuned circuit of ID or credit card interrogated via inductive coupling - Google Patents
Antenna configuration for contactless identification label - forms part of tuned circuit of ID or credit card interrogated via inductive coupling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL9100176A NL9100176A NL9100176A NL9100176A NL9100176A NL 9100176 A NL9100176 A NL 9100176A NL 9100176 A NL9100176 A NL 9100176A NL 9100176 A NL9100176 A NL 9100176A NL 9100176 A NL9100176 A NL 9100176A
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- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- coil
- antenna configuration
- transformer
- card
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/0775—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for connecting the integrated circuit to the antenna
- G06K19/07756—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for connecting the integrated circuit to the antenna the connection being non-galvanic, e.g. capacitive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07773—Antenna details
- G06K19/07777—Antenna details the antenna being of the inductive type
- G06K19/07779—Antenna details the antenna being of the inductive type the inductive antenna being a coil
- G06K19/07781—Antenna details the antenna being of the inductive type the inductive antenna being a coil the coil being fabricated in a winding process
Abstract
Description
UITTREKSELEXTRACT
De uitvinding betreft een antenneconfiguratie voor contactloze electro-nische identificatielabels of -passen, zoals bijvoorbeeld de contactloze identificatie-kaart of I.C.-kaart met afmetingen en mechanische eigenschappen overeenkomstig de norm ISO-7816.The invention relates to an antenna configuration for contactless electronic identification labels or cards, such as, for example, the contactless identification card or I.C. card with dimensions and mechanical properties in accordance with standard ISO-7816.
De antenneconfiguratie is opgebouw uit een antennespoel, een transformator en een condensator. Deze configuratie heeft de eigenschap, dat zij zich electrisch gedraagt als een afgestemde kring die is opgebouwd uit een antennespoel met een groot aantal windingen en een parallel geschakelde condensator, maar door toepassing van een transformator wordt het aantal windingen van de antennespoel sterk gereduceerd zodat het geheel buigzaam geconstrueerd en uitgevoerd kan worden. De antennespoel is verbonden met de primaire spoel van de transformator en de condensator met de secundaire spoel van de transformator. De secundaire spoel van de transformator is uit een veel groter aantal windingen dan de primaire spoel samengesteld, waardoor de spanning die in een wisselend electromagnetisch veld over de antennespoel ontstaat, een veel hogere spanning over de condensator tot gevolg heeft. Met deze laatste spanning kunnen de actieve componenten van de electronische schakeling in het label worden gevoed. De antenneconfiguratie dient ook om de dataoverdracht tussen een zend/ontvanger en het label te verzorgen. De kern van de transformator is buigzaam uit te voeren, door deze bijvoorbeeld uit één of meer lamellen van buigzaam amorf metaal met een hoge magnetische permeabiliteit samen te stellen. De antenneconfiguratie is in dat geval ook in een buigzame behuizing te integreren.The antenna configuration consists of an antenna coil, a transformer and a capacitor. This configuration has the property that it behaves electrically as a tuned circuit consisting of an antenna coil with a large number of turns and a parallel connected capacitor, but by using a transformer the number of turns of the antenna coil is greatly reduced so that the whole can be constructed and executed flexibly. The antenna coil is connected to the primary coil of the transformer and the capacitor to the secondary coil of the transformer. The transformer's secondary coil is made up of a much larger number of turns than the primary coil, so the voltage generated across the antenna coil in an alternating electromagnetic field results in a much higher voltage across the capacitor. With the latter voltage, the active components of the electronic circuit can be fed into the label. The antenna configuration also serves to provide data transfer between a sender / receiver and the label. The core of the transformer can be made flexible, for example by assembling it from one or more slats of flexible amorphous metal with a high magnetic permeability. In that case, the antenna configuration can also be integrated in a flexible housing.
Antenne met transformator voor contactloze informatieoverdracht vanuit Integrated Circuit-kaart.Antenna with transformer for contactless information transfer from Integrated Circuit card.
De uitvinding betreft een antenne met transformator, geïntegreerd in een contactloze identificatie- of IC-kaart, bijvoorbeeld volgens de norm ISO-7816, maar die ook in andersoortige behuizingen, zoals een identificatiepolsband, kan worden toegepast. Integrated Circuit (IC) kaarten, zoals bijvoorbeeld toegepast als kaart voor financiële transacties of als identificatie-pas, moeten volgens de norm ISO-7816 voldoen aan bepaalde eisen ten aanzien van afmetingen, flexibiliteit en duurzaamheid. Deze eisen zullen ook gaan gelden voor de contactloze uitvoering van deze kaarten. De normen hiervoor zijn momenteel in voorbereiding. Om informatieoverdracht met behulp van passen die zonder batterij functioneren, op relatief grote afstand (> 50 cm) mogelijk te maken, moet het energiegebruik van de electro-nische schakeling in de kaart niet alleen zeer laag zijn, maar worden er ook hoge eisen gesteld aan de antenne in de kaart. De antenne in een dergelijke kaart is veelal een afgestemde kring die is opgebouwd uit een antennespoel met een groot aantal windingen en een parallel geschakelde condensator. Deze antenne dient niet alleen om informatie met de zend/ontvanger uit te wisselen, maar ook om energie uit het zendveld om te zetten naar de energie die nodig is om de electronische schakeling in de kaart te laten functioneren. Het streven is de informatieoverdracht tussen de kaart en de zend/ont-vanger over een zo groot mogelijke afstand plaats te laten vinden. Deze afstand wordt voor een belangrijk deel bepaald door de hoogte van de spanning die door de antenne in het zendveld wordt opgewekt. De spanning die op de antenne, oftewel over de spoel in het zendveld ontstaat, is evenredig met het aantal windingen, het oppervlak dat door de spoel wordt omsloten en de kwaliteitsfactor van de kring. Om de informatie-overdracht over een zo groot mogelijke af- stand mogelijk te maken, moet de spoel zo dicht mogelijk langs de rand in de kaart worden aangebracht en voor een overdrachtsfrequentie van ca. 120 kHz, uit meer dan 100 windingen bestaan. Deze over-drachtsfrequentie wordt begrensd door wettelijk toegelaten zendener-gie-niveau's. Het grote aantal windingen, de positionering langs de rand en het feit dat relatief dik draad voor de spoel moet worden gebruikt om een afstemkring met een voldoende hoge kwaliteitsfactor te verkrijgen, hebben tot gevolg, dat de spoel uit een groot aantal lagen moet zijn opgebouwd.The invention relates to an antenna with transformer, integrated in a contactless identification or IC card, for example according to the standard ISO-7816, but which can also be used in other types of housings, such as an identification wristband. Integrated Circuit (IC) cards, such as used as a card for financial transactions or as an identification card, must meet certain requirements in terms of dimensions, flexibility and durability, according to the ISO-7816 standard. These requirements will also apply to the contactless implementation of these cards. The standards for this are currently being prepared. In order to enable information transfer using battery-operated cards at a relatively large distance (> 50 cm), the energy consumption of the electronic circuit in the card must not only be very low, but also high demands are placed on it. the antenna in the card. The antenna in such a card is usually a tuned circuit consisting of an antenna coil with a large number of turns and a capacitor connected in parallel. This antenna not only serves to exchange information with the transmitter / receiver, but also to convert energy from the transmitter field into the energy required for the electronic circuit in the card to function. The aim is to allow the greatest possible distance between the card and the transceiver to transfer information. This distance is largely determined by the height of the voltage generated by the antenna in the transmission field. The voltage generated on the antenna, or across the coil in the transmission field, is proportional to the number of turns, the area enclosed by the coil and the quality factor of the circuit. To enable the greatest possible distance transfer, the coil must be positioned as close to the edge as possible in the card and for a transfer frequency of approx. 120 kHz, consist of more than 100 turns. This transmission frequency is limited by legally permitted transmission energy levels. The large number of turns, the positioning along the edge and the fact that relatively thick wire must be used for the coil in order to obtain a tuning circuit with a sufficiently high quality factor, mean that the coil has to be made up of a large number of layers.
Het integreren van een spoel met voornoemde eigenschappen in een kaart die qua afmetingen en mechanische eigenschappen aan de norm ISO-7816 voldoet, levert een groot aantal problemen op. De geringe dikte van de kaart heeft tot gevolg dat concessies moeten worden gedaan aan de dikte van de draad waaruit de spoel is gewikkeld. Een dunnere draad heeft een hogere electrische weerstand, hetgeen de kwaliteitsfactor van de kring verlaagt, hetgeen weer ten koste gaat van de afstand waarover informatieoverdracht mogelijk is. Bij het buigen van de kaart kruipen de windingen van de antennespoel over elkaar, waardoor de kaart na het wegnemen van de buigkracht, zijn oorspronkelijke vorm niet meer terug krijgt. Ook is de kans groot dat de draad van de spoel breekt bij het buigen van de kaart. Een kaart waarin een spoel met een groot aantal windingen is geïntegreerd, wordt te stijf en voldoet daardoor niet meer aan de gestelde eisen. Het probleem van het integreren van een antennespoel met een groot aantal windingen in een buigzame behuizing doet zich ook voor bij andere soorten contactloze electronische labels, zoals bijvoorbeeld een identificatiepolsband. Een identificatie-polsband is een identificatielabel dat door middel van een elastische band om de pols wordt gedragen en waarbij de antenno(spoel) in de elastische band is geïntegreerd. Een antennespoel die uit een groot aantal windingen is samengesteld, zal het elastische karakter van de polsband teniet doen.Integrating a coil with the aforementioned properties into a card that meets the ISO-7816 standard in terms of dimensions and mechanical properties poses a great many problems. The small thickness of the card means that concessions have to be made on the thickness of the wire from which the coil is wound. A thinner wire has a higher electrical resistance, which reduces the quality factor of the circuit, which in turn reduces the distance over which information transfer is possible. When bending the card, the windings of the antenna coil creep over each other, so that after the bending force has been removed, the card does not regain its original shape. There is also a good chance that the coil wire will break when bending the card. A card in which a coil with a large number of turns is integrated becomes too stiff and therefore no longer meets the requirements. The problem of integrating a large number of windings antenna coil into a flexible housing also arises with other types of contactless electronic labels, such as, for example, an identification wristband. An identification wristband is an identification label that is worn on the wrist by means of an elastic band and in which the antenna (coil) is integrated in the elastic band. An antenna coil composed of a large number of turns will negate the elastic nature of the wristband.
De uitvinding poogt de genoemde bezwaren op te heffen.The invention attempts to overcome the said drawbacks.
In het navolgende wordt de uitvinding aan de hand van figuren beschreven.The invention is described below with reference to figures.
In de figuren 1 en 2 zijn twee mogelijke uitvoeringsvormen van de uitvinding schematisch weergegeven.Figures 1 and 2 schematically show two possible embodiments of the invention.
Figuur 1 toont de uitvinding zoals deze in een contactloze identificatie- of IC-kaart is geïntegreerd. Do volgende onderdelen zijn in figuur 1 te onderscheiden:Figure 1 shows the invention as it is integrated into a contactless identification or IC card. The following components can be distinguished in figure 1:
De open gewerkte behuizing (1) van de kaart; de grote antennespoel (2), die uit één of een zeer klein aantal windingen is samengesteld en zo dicht mogelijk langs de rand van de behuizing is aangebracht; de primaire spoel (3) van de transformator, die uit een klein aantal, bijvoorbeeld twee windingen rond de kern is samengesteld; de kern (4) van de transformator; de secundaire spoel (5) van de transformator, die uit een groot aantal windingen, bijvoorbeeld 200, rond de kern is samenge-. steld; de condensator (6) die, via de transformator, met antennespoel (2) de afstemkring vormt. De resonantiefrequentie van de kring wordt o.a. bepaald door de primaire (3) en de secundaire (5) spoel van de transformator, de grote antennespoel (2), en de condensator (6);The openwork housing (1) of the card; the large antenna coil (2), which is composed of one or a very small number of turns and arranged as close as possible to the edge of the housing; the transformer's primary coil (3), which is composed of a small number, for example two turns, around the core; the core (4) of the transformer; the transformer secondary coil (5), which is assembled around the core from a large number of turns, for example 200. poses; the capacitor (6) which, via the transformer, with the antenna coil (2) forms the tuning circuit. The resonant frequency of the circuit is determined, among other things, by the primary (3) and the secondary (5) coil of the transformer, the large antenna coil (2), and the capacitor (6);
De aansluitpunten (7) en (8) voor de geïntegreerde electronische schakeling (9).The connection points (7) and (8) for the integrated electronic circuit (9).
In figuur 2 wordt, in twee aanzichten, een eventueel mogelijke uitvoering van een contactloze identificatiepolsband schematisch weergegeven. De volgende onderdelen zijn in figuur 2 te onderscheiden: de elastische polsband (10); de behuizing (1) van de transformator en de electronica, die eventueel buigzaam kan zijn; - 4 - de elastische antennespoel (2), die bij voorkeur uit één winding is samengesteld en in de polsband geïntegreerd is; de primaire spoel (3) van de transformator, die uit een klein aantal, bijvoorbeeld twee windingen rond de kern is samengesteld; de kern (4) van de transformator; de secundaire spoel (5) van de transformator, die uit een groot aantal windingen, bijvoorbeeld 200, rond de kern is samengesteld; de condensator (6) die, via de transformator, met antennespoel (2) de afstemkring vormt. De resonantiefrequentie van de kring wordt o.a. bepaald door de primaire (3) en de secundaire (5) spoel van de transformator, de grote antennespoel (2), en de condensator (6).In Figure 2, in two views, a possible possible embodiment of a contactless identification wristband is schematically shown. The following components can be distinguished in Figure 2: the elastic wrist strap (10); the transformer housing (1) and the electronics, which may be flexible; - 4 - the elastic antenna coil (2), which is preferably composed of one winding and integrated in the wristband; the transformer's primary coil (3), which is composed of a small number, for example two turns, around the core; the core (4) of the transformer; the transformer secondary coil (5), which is composed of a large number of turns, for example 200, around the core; the capacitor (6) which, via the transformer, with the antenna coil (2) forms the tuning circuit. The resonant frequency of the circuit is determined, among other things, by the primary (3) and the secondary (5) coil of the transformer, the large antenna coil (2), and the capacitor (6).
De aansluitpunten (7) en (8) voor de geïntegreerde elektronische schakeling (9).The terminals (7) and (8) for the integrated electronic circuit (9).
Het aantal windingen van de antennespoel (2) wordt teruggebracht tot een zeer beperkt aantal windingen (bij voorkeur één winding) en de spanning over deze spoel door middel van een transformator omhoog getransformeerd. De condensator (6), die deel uit maakt van de afstemkring, wordt op de secundaire kant (5) van de transformator aangesloten. De transformator dient zeer dun te zijn om in de behuizing van de kaart te kunnen worden geïntegreerd. De kern (4) van de transformator dient flexibel te zijn en is bijvoorbeeld samengesteld uit een aantal lagen van zeer dunne, (b.v. 20 pm dik) ringvormige of rechthoekige lamellen van amorf metaal met een hoge magnetische permeabiliteit, lage hysterese- en wervelstroomverliezen en een relatief hoge electrische weerstand. Voor het integreren van de antenneconfiguratie in een behuizing, waarbij alleen de antennespoel buigzaam behoeft te zijn en waarbij de transformator in een gedeelte van de behuizing kan worden gebracht dat niet buigzaam is, kan eventueel gebruik worden gemaakt van een transformatorkern van ferriet.The number of turns of the antenna coil (2) is reduced to a very limited number of turns (preferably one turn) and the voltage across this coil is transformed upwards by means of a transformer. The capacitor (6), which is part of the tuning circuit, is connected to the secondary side (5) of the transformer. The transformer must be very thin to be integrated into the card housing. The core (4) of the transformer should be flexible and is composed, for example, of a number of layers of very thin (eg 20 µm thick) annular or rectangular blades of amorphous metal with high magnetic permeability, low hysteresis and eddy current losses and relatively high electrical resistance. For integrating the antenna configuration into a housing, where only the antenna coil needs to be flexible and where the transformer can be inserted into a portion of the housing that is not flexible, a ferrite transformer core may be used.
Het gebruik van een transformator za 1 weliswaar electrische verliezen introduceren, die de afstand waarover informatie-overdracht mogelijk is, zullen verkleinen, maar zal ook indirect het voordeel opleveren, dat de mechanische eigenschappen ten aanzien van buigzaamheid en vormherstel na buiging, buig- en torsie-bestendigheid, en daarmee duurzaamheid, eenvoudiger te realiseren zijn. Deze verbeteringen zijn het directe gevolg van het vervangen van de stugge spoel met het grote aantal windingen, door een antennespoel met slechts één of enkele windingen.The use of a transformer will introduce electrical losses, which will reduce the distance over which information transfer is possible, but will also indirectly provide the advantage that the mechanical properties with regard to flexibility and shape recovery after bending, bending and torsion -resistance, and thus durability, are easier to achieve. These improvements are the direct result of replacing the rigid coil with the large number of turns with an antenna coil with only one or a few turns.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NL9100176A NL9100176A (en) | 1991-02-01 | 1991-02-01 | Antenna configuration for contactless identification label - forms part of tuned circuit of ID or credit card interrogated via inductive coupling |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL9100176A NL9100176A (en) | 1991-02-01 | 1991-02-01 | Antenna configuration for contactless identification label - forms part of tuned circuit of ID or credit card interrogated via inductive coupling |
NL9100176 | 1991-02-01 |
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NL9100176A true NL9100176A (en) | 1992-03-02 |
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NL9100176A NL9100176A (en) | 1991-02-01 | 1991-02-01 | Antenna configuration for contactless identification label - forms part of tuned circuit of ID or credit card interrogated via inductive coupling |
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