NL8100028A - APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING PIPES. - Google Patents

Description

QA

- 1 - PROWECO e.g.

Wilhelminasingel, 92,

Maastricht.

Short indication; Device for installing pipes.

Claimed right of priority: application E.O.B.nr. 80200114 dated. 8.2.1980 and Dutch Patent Application No. 8002517 dated. 1.5.1980.

The present invention relates to a device and method which makes it possible to install pipes in the ground, in which no or substantially reduced friction occurs during the application process. In this case, the device can either be an aid for installing a pipe, or the device can consist wholly or to a large extent of the fitted pipe itself. Piping is understood to mean the "forming" of an elongated channel in the ground 10 by placing a prefabricated hollow elongated body in the ground, or producing this elongated body in the ground, or only an elongated cavity in the ground. the soil and stabilize this cavity so that it can be used as a pipe.

It is noted here that the present invention is not primarily intended for tunnel construction, since tunnel construction is another activity in the current state of the art, which activity and which operating companies and which operating personnel are in principle always separate, whereby the distinction is characterized by the diameter of the pipe relative to the tunnel, where a tunnel has a much larger diameter and is therefore easily accessible to people and large machines, and the tunnel is also a larger capital work, with larger funds available for implementation 25. . Should nevertheless certain aspects of this invention be useful for tunnel construction, the applicant claims the rights to this.

8100028 * »- 2 -

In the current state of the art, pipes are predominantly installed in the ground by pressing them into the ground, whereby the ground is removed at the front of the pipe, or the ground is displaced and at the back of the pipe a great pressure force is applied so that the 3rd pipe penetrates into the ground. A drawback of the prior art is that there is friction between the conduit and the ground while the conduit is pressed into the ground, because the conduit must slide through the ground during this process. As a result, the maximum length of pipe that can be applied is determined by this increasing total friction with length, because either insufficient pressing force is available or the pipe is not strong enough to absorb this large pressing force. In order to mitigate this drawback, limited means are possible in the prior art such as lubricating the outside of the conduit by applying a lubricant, eg, a bentonite solution. As a result, the friction is not removed, but is somewhat reduced, so that the length of pipe which can be pressed may increase slightly, but remains limited. In European patent application no. 80200114 dd. 8.2.1980 and Dutch patent application no. 8002517 dated. 1.5.1980, much attention is paid to this problem and some inventions are described which significantly reduce or overcome the drawbacks of the prior art in this field. In the present invention, these inventions are in part further evolved, elaborated and improved, which is why, as appropriate, the right of priority with respect to this prior application is invoked.

A further drawback of the prior art is that the pipe used to install the pipe and which pipe is often the pipe itself is often subject to much higher requirements than would be required for use. of the tube. In addition, in some cases, eg when installing drains, the original 8100028 f i - 3 - tube will have to be removed again, which can be lengthy work and entail additional costs. Also, hitherto no pipes can be pressed in curved route. The object of the present invention is to eliminate or to substantially reduce the above objections and other drawbacks of the prior art. This has the advantage that it makes it possible to install much longer pipes with less material or financial effort, that the same pipes can be fitted in a simpler manner and that in some cases the device itself can form the pipe. In some cases this does not require any higher requirements for the pipe to be laid, that is to say the ultimate use. Furthermore, in certain applications, an auxiliary line need not be used, which must be subsequently removed or replaced. The next goal is the possibility to install the pipe in a curved trace. The intended purpose is now achieved in that the device operates in such a way that the friction is significantly reduced or eliminated. In many cases, friction is eliminated by forming the pipe in whole or in part in the ground.

The present invention consists of a device constructed and using such materials that the tube may change shape during application in the soil or be formed during application in the soil, eg by extrusion. Also, the friction can be reduced by causing the movement of the tube to move other than quasi-uniformly during application, eg, vibrating, or such that different tube sections move differently. Starting from the background outlined above, the invention contains several basic possibilities according to which the tube can be fitted. These capabilities are conveniently defined as the following principles: 35 THE FORMATION PRINCIPLE.

The pipe is hereby formed in the ground, ie 8100028 + * - 4 - arranged in such a way that during the process a pipe section or auxiliary pipe section is always created which has been placed in its final position, so that it no longer needs to be moved and therefore no longer has a share in the friction occurring in the production system, or. that the friction at this location is completely eliminated.

THE DEFORMATION PRINCIPLE.

A prefabricated pipe is hereby applied which penetrates further and further into the ground and thus displaces, but which pipe deforms in such a way during the application process that due to this deformation the friction during displacement of the pipe through soil is significantly reduced. · MOVING THE PIPE IN SPECIAL METHOD.

In this principle, the conduit is not moved almost uniformly in its entirety into the ground, but either quasi-uniformly in separate portions of the conduit at different times, either in its entirety dynamically, or in individual portions dynamically. A portion of the conduit requires less force to overcome the displacement friction than the entire conduit. If one uses the total available force and strength of the pipe to displace a part of the pipe and then choose this part so long that the displacement is possible, one can move any length of pipe 25 by dividing it into such pieces. . In addition to the advantage of the concentration of the total force on a part of the tube, there is also the advantage that the resistance to displacement of other parts of the tube can be used to absorb the reaction force of the moving part. It is also possible to move a relatively not so long tube with lighter equipment by dividing it into standard lengths at which length the equipment is optimally adapted. Furthermore, experiments have shown that the displacement of the tube 35 through the ground with a vibrating movement, the friction is significantly smaller than with displacement with a quasi-uniform movement. This dynamic displacement becomes even more effective when the above-described division of the tube into separate pieces is applied, which pieces are dynamically, or cq. be vibrated. In that case, the mass of one pipe section can be used to vibrate the other adjacent pipe section. In quasi-uniform movement in separate sections, the movement resembles that of an earthworm, in dynamic movement of different pipe sections, the movement resembles a longitudinal vibration. A combination of this method results when a tube which has a relatively great elasticity in its longitudinal direction is moved dynamically and a longitudinal vibration is maintained in this tube. If this tube also has a lateral elasticity, this principle changes to the deformation principle, as described later on p. 12 line 13 and following. Exemplary Examples and Further Details of the Invention.

To clarify the description of the exemplary embodiments, the front side of the tube, or. the device which is present at the front of the pipe and which penetrates into the ground during the process of installing the pipe, is called the "head station **. Furthermore, the rear of the pipe, or the device which is in the construction pit 25 is present before the point where the application of the tube is started is called the launch station.

The injected tube (see fig. 1). In this arrangement, a headend station (1.4) is propelled into the ground, either by its own propulsion or by propulsion using a 8100028 - 6 - 4 * - "press pipe" (1.43) of smaller diameter than the headend. . copostation thus creates a cavity (1.8) in the ground. By the device now this cavity is stabilized by injecting the soil surrounding the cavity. To this end, behind the head station (1.5) there is a tube (1.9) called an "unjection unit", which temporarily holds the soil in place and which tube is provided with openings from which an injection liquid can be introduced into the soil. The unit (1.9) can consist of two parts, the part in which is injected (1.10) and the second part behind it (1.11) which only serves to support the ground until sufficient stability is achieved. The injection can be done either through materials that cause curing such as water glass and soda, certain commercial polymers, asphalt products or the like. In that case, the tube (1.12) formed by injection is sufficiently strong to remain intact on its own and to absorb the pressure exerted by the surrounding soil. A second possibility is to inject the soil with a material which makes the soil completely impermeable or less permeable to water or gas, for which various products, including polymers or tar or asphalt products, are also available on the market. In that case, the hole or. however, the tube is maintained by a gas or liquid pressure which occurs against the wall of the hole. In this case, the "clearance" (2.13) as shown in Fig. 2 is closed at the end and filled with a gas or liquid such as water, which liquid is kept under pressure by the reservoir (2.14). When the injected soil is now sufficiently permeable to water, a hydrostatic force is created on the hole wall which balances the load on the surrounding soil. If sufficient water can be supplemented in the reservoir, there is no need to make demands on the watertightness achieved by the injection. The pipe thus created will in most cases be used as an auxiliary construction to place a final pipe or various pipes 8100028 - 7%. It is then possible to slide this tube or the pipes in a floating position, as it were, through the liquid in the tube already formed, provided that the seal (3.13) from Fig. 3 ensures that the liquid pressure in the auxiliary tube is maintained. When the final tube to be applied is ballasted such that its total average specific gravity is the same as that of the liquid, the tube will float in the preformed hole and the friction will be practically nil.

10 The extrusion pipe.

When this method is used, a device is placed behind the launch station, which is called extruder in the most general name. As shown in fig. 4, this extruder consists of a nozzle (4.16) which fills the space (4.13) between the hole wall and a guide die (4.17) with a plastic, a plastic concrete or a cement-concrete. With the current state of the art it is possible to reinforce in the secondary concrete with, for example, glass fibers, also called glass concrete. Here, too, the friction has actually been eliminated. In this method, it is important that the time between extruding the extrusion pipe and achieving sufficient strength is bridged, either by allowing the extrusion pipe to harden in a special hardening path, fig. 5, or to temporarily support the extrusion pipe, fig. 6a. either temporarily support or stabilize the ground (fig. 6b).

In Fig. 4, a guide tube (4.17) is indicated behind the extrusion nozzle (4.16). Fig. 6b shows a support tube (6.30) which supports the ground and temporarily protects the extruded tube against the influences of the ground. In fig. 5 30, both sides of the extruded pipes are protected by the hardening mold (5.18). If desired, the tubes (5.18) or (5.16) and (5.17) can be conical, either widening to reduce friction along the ground and / or along the formed tube, or narrowing to prevent penetration of the water into the extruder nozzle (extended extrusion nozzle) or both.

8100028 - 8 -

It is possible to give the pipe a curved route, especially if the headend has its own drive and does not need to be pressed from the launch station.

A variant is the use of a thick head, described in patent application No. 8002517, dated 1.5.1980, in which the head station moves by pushing itself against a body arranged from the thick head (fig. 28), consisting of short journey. When these granules form a sufficiently stable body or are even hardened by the presence of a stabilizing injection, such as the extrusion line, the tube forming is also used to propel the head station. This is therefore possible in very soft soil thanks to the stabilized pipe. The invention also provides for the formation of a relatively thin tube, which has relatively low mechanical strength. The strength required to support the soil must then be derived from gas or fluid pressure. As described on page 6, line 23 et seq., A sealing construction (.13) must be used.

This application is usually of a temporary nature, eg to give the re-tube a long hardening time or to install another tube within this auxiliary construction. This method can be combined with the injection method whereby the tube consists of two layers (see fig. 7), namely the injected layer (7.6) and the extruded layer (7.15). The device now contains an injection and extrusion section, respectively. (7.10) and (7.16). In this application, a prefabricated, the final tube or a reinforcement tube can be entrained during extrusion. The extrusion material must then be a high viscosity liquid which partially penetrates the soil and further fills the space (7.8) between the soil and the tube (see fig. 7). The resistance during sliding of the inner tube is now very low because the tube has hydrostatic bearings. Moreover, when the extrusion material cures after the tube has been applied, a strong well-bonded reinforced tube is bonded to the ground. In Fig. 7b, the injection and extrusion material is different. E.g. the injection material quickly hardens to prevent piping. The extrusion can be accomplished by using the principle of the circulation system described later. It is also possible to use a 2nd injection channel to form the viscous layer (see fig. 7cj.

5 The metamorphic policy.

In this exemplary embodiment (see Fig. 8), a container (8.22) is located behind the launch station, in which container the pipe to be fitted is already located, or the main components of the pipe to be fitted are located.

During the application of the conduit, it undergoes a metamorphosis, ie the conduit first present in the container in a compact state "unfolds". Because it is attached to the launch station (8.5), it is pulled out of the container (8.22) during the forming process.

It is hereby possible that the pipe is present completely ready in the container and only needs to be pulled out. or that during the extraction process, components are added to the pipeline to reinforce or alter its properties. Fig. 9 shows a container 20 within which there are steel rings (9.24) which are connected by a tubular net or a foil (9.23), which rings are pressed together as close as possible while folding the net. The net with the rings is thus comparable to a fish trap in which the rings of the bottles have the same diameter. The net or foil must be strong enough to transfer the load from the soil to the rings when pulled out. In the case of the use of a net, the mesh size must be chosen such that the soil is retained and water can flow through the net 30. This pipe is particularly suitable for use as a drainage pipe. In this case, when the head station is used according to the "thick head methods", an additional filter can be fitted around the drainage pipe through the "thick head". As shown in Fig. 9, the net 35 consists of two series of a large number of coils (9.25) which are sufficiently close and cross each other. It ma-. The material of the coils can consist of a stretched nylon thread and is adhered to the steel rings.

8100028 -. 10 -

The net can also be knotted (e.g. with wider meshes) when it concerns cohesive soil, the net also being tied to the rings. As a result of the load on the ground, a membrane tension is created in the net 5, which is absorbed by tensile forces (9.32) in the nylon coils. These tensile forces meet at the rings and transfer the load to the rings (9.24).

Uneven tensile forces on both sides of the rings should be avoided as much as possible, but these can be partly taken over by the adhesion (9.31) of the rings with the wires. To this end it is important that the rings are held in the container by a spring construction (9.26) until such a great tensile force is created in the membrane of the trap that the rings leaving the container are pulled at a distance and the net, so tightly stretched, against the surrounding ground. The spring construction is, if desired, designed in such a way that the trap remains tensioned when a ring leaves the spring construction, because the second ring is then also resiliently held. In Fig. 10A ring 1 enters the secondary spring construction (10.

40), in Figure 10b, ring 1 slides through this spring construction and the net between rings 1 and 2 begins to unfold. In Fig. 10c, ring 1 passes the primary spring construction (10.39) and ring 1 is held by the secondary spring construction, also energizing the net between 1 and 2. In Fig. 10d, ring 1 is completely free and ring 2 is sliding through the secondary spring construction.

The spring construction can be mechanical (10.41). More elegant is a bladder construction (12.42) in which the spring tension is determined by the ground pressure (see fig. 12). Although the primary • spring force should in principle be the greatest, it is then possible to integrate the primary and secondary spring into a whole. Optionally, a few rings just outside the container can be protected by a guide tube (12.30) in line with the container (see fig. 12). Especially here the tensile stress at the location of the container may be slightly less 8 1 0 0 0 2 8.

- 11 - are then at a greater distance from the container because in many cases the load on the ground will build up slowly, with uneven membranes as shown in fig. 13

O

tensile forces (, 13..34), as well as a tensile force increasing from the container, can be absorbed by the attachment to (13 31) the rings and the friction of the wires along the ground (13.33). The inventor requests exclusivity for this application of the invention for the production of drainage pipes. In a variant, in which the network is coated together into a watertight film, the pipe can be used as a pipe which is watertight or as an auxiliary pipe around other pipes through permanent. .

to slide or reveal multiple pipes. In a variant of this construction, the rings are made of a material other than steel, for example plastic or high-quality concrete. The rings can also be replaced by a spiral (14.35), see fig. 14. The distance of the rings, or the distance of the spiral parts along a straight line, has the same order of magnitude as the diameter of the rings, respectively. spiral or will be several times smaller (see fig. 35). In a variant of this exemplary embodiment, the tubular body is not or not substantially reinforced by spirals or rings, but consists of a flexible hose, whether or not reinforced, with a completely or virtually completely watertight wall. The hose, like the trap, is now linearly compressed in a container, carried along behind the head station (see fig. 16). (15.22) is the container house, (16.48) is an inner tube on which the hose is pushed together. The material can consist of a plastic or latex foil. During the tube fitting process, the hose is pulled from the container and pressed against the hole wall by means of gas or water pressure. In addition, the pressure against the hose should be such that the force of the surrounding soil on the hose is absorbed. Reference is hereby made to the analog embodiment of the injection or extrusion method with support pressure and the accompanying figures such as No. 3.

With this metamorphosis method, the length of the required 8100028, 1 "-. 12 'container determined by the ratio of the length of the collapsed to that of the extended conduit. The invention provides the possibility of limiting the length of the container by having it consist of several concentric containers (17.36) (see figure 17). The coupling of two extracted pipes which were inside each other in the container is effected by the container shoe (17.36) itself. In this case, this bulkhead is pulled outwards by the outer pipe, when it has left the container, and behind this the more inward pipe (see fig. 18) through the flange ring (18.37) and the flange (18.38). .

The pull stocking. (see fig. 19).

In this application, a prefabricated, tubular body is used, the shape and composition of which are determined such that the outer diameter of this tube is reduced when a tensile force is exerted on this body.

To this end, the body can be made from a system of "intersecting" spirals (19.45) of steel or high-quality plastic. Furthermore, these coils are interconnected with a coating, a foil or a tubular body such that either a network is formed which is sufficiently narrow to retain the soil grains or such that a closed tube is formed. The stiffness of the 25 coils in combination with the stiffness of the fabric that connects the coils (19.46) should be such that when the tensile force in the tensile stock is released, it will forcefully return to its original shape. The pulling stock thus formed is connected to the headend and during the penetration of. dragged the headend here at the back of the ground. Now there would normally be friction when the pulling stocking has to be moved along the hole wall. However, due to the construction of the stocking described above, it will become smaller as a frictional force develops and a tensile force is applied to the stocking and is released from the ground. This makes the stocking frictionless 8100028 - 13 - or can be easily shifted as long as there is a gap between the ground and the stocking or as long as the pressure exerted by the ground on the stocking is reduced, this will be the case (1970), because the stocking cross-contraction immediately occurs, while the soil mechanical properties of the stocking cause a certain inertia, because of the so-called time-effect it will take some time before the ground joins the stocking again, so the headend needs to move in terms of time. When the effect of the ground has worn off and too much friction has been caused, the head station is stopped, after which the stocking expands again and the ground in her ear In order to prevent residual friction and residual contraction, it is useful to cause the movement of the headend to take place as a vibration, so that the pulling stock can move in the ground with the movement character of a longitudinal wave. Another method to prevent residual friction between stocking and soil in the long term is to maintain a temporary tensile force between the stocking and the head station (see fig. 20).

The stocking is then tensioned against the base (20.47). When the stocking now has an annoying residual tension and residual friction, the stocking is released at the launching station, so that it will relax and the ground is pushed back again by the lateral dilation, and again a new transverse contraction by new tensile force is possible.

An advantage of this sleeving method is that the tensile sleeving can be recovered when another final pipe is fitted or when no pipe sleeving or pipe 30 is needed anymore. Since the tensile stocking can in that case be reused, it is economically feasible to make this tensile stocking of a very high quality and therefore relatively expensive construction (eg by using high quality whiskers.

35 Dynamic displacement.

An example of the dynamic displacement is the 8100028 - 14 - the use of a normal tube, for example steel to be pressed (21.43), in which the pressing force is applied with a vybro cylinder (21.62), which cylinder is fed with a hydraulic alternating current ( 21.54), generated according to the principle disclosed in patent application No. 80200114.9, herein referred to as "DP". The special feature of this hydraulic alternating current is that this alternating current has no energy loss except for the normal hydraulic friction, and it is moreover possible to apply a relatively large amplitude with a relatively small pump. The pump capacity is in principle only determined by the energy taken off and not by the energy content of the vibration.

Furthermore, using this hydraulic alternating current, according to the associated hydraulic scheme, an asymmetrical movement can be generated, whereby it is possible to cause the tube to move in a jerky manner at one moment and to have the spring-back again progressively at another moment. Fig. 22 shows the variation of the amplitude of such a vibration, which amplitude is partly built up from a certain acceleration (22.63) and a subsequent momentary section over v a many times greater acceleration (22.64) which has the effect of has a punch. Because the impact takes place over a very short period of time, it is possible to cause the reaction of this impact to act on a mass which is resiliently arranged in the launching station. The average force on the outrigger of the launch station is then much smaller than the static force required in other cases.

The shared leadership.

In this exemplary embodiment, the conduit is divided into different sections (23.51). These sections are interconnected by a hydraulic double acting cylinder or a flexible bellows, eg a Firestone bellows. These bellows or cylinders are driven in turn as shown in fig. 23. The various tube sections must be moved successively in such a way that the total movement is in the printout of a computer program.

8100028 __ - 15 - is similar to the displacement of an earthworm. A drive cylinder must also be present at the launching station to set the first tube in motion. It is clear that this movement is most effective when the various tube sections are in a matched vibrating movement. The total movement then corresponds to a longitudinal wave through which the tube, as it were, rolls up (fig. 24) in the ground. When the tube sections were very short, the tube became elastic in the longitudinal direction, as it were, and when the tube could additionally dilate in the transverse direction, and counterbalances, this device was comparable to the above-described puller with vibratory drive, see page 13, line 13. The circulation system.

The present invention further provides a method to perform extrusion or injection with less chance of clogging and more possibilities to unclog in case of clogging, see fig. 25. This invention is based on the use of a circulation pipe. In that case the line (.55) 'which supplies the material for the injection or the extrusion does not end at the injection point or the extrusion nozzle but is followed by a return line (25.56) -¼ to the point from which the material is supplied. The pump now maintains a continuous flow of supply through the supply and return lines, while the pressure on the nozzle 25 is controlled, either automatically or by an adjustable throttle valve in the return line, that some of the material supplied is ejected from the extruder or injection nozzle. This is especially important for

J

fit of a liquid in which granules float such as a slurry consisting of a sand-water mixture. Namely, the grains tend to settle when the flow rate is insufficient, leading to a blockage. Due to the circulation system, it is possible to maintain a minimum flow rate of 35 mum despite the ejection of part of the liquid from the nozzle, thereby preventing clogging. If blockage does occur, it is possible to reverse the flow direction, which creates an extra chance of removing the blockage. The invention also provides an additional possibility of unclogging by arranging a coaxial pipe within the supply and return pipe which is perforated over the entire length or a part thereof. The pressure in the coaxial line should be kept at the same level as its surroundings while maintaining a flow in the line if necessary. All this is adjusted in such a way that the holes in the coaxial pipe do not clog and / or any material that has penetrated is discharged through the flow. In case of blockage now, a cleaning liquid can be pressed through the coaxial line under high pressure into the supply and return line, thereby increasing the chance of ending the blockage. Such a system is shown in Fig. 26. Fig. 27 gives a more general application of the circulation system which can be used as a spray lance and for which exclusivity is claimed. Fig. 25A shows the pressure development when using the throttle valve. A further evolved application of the invention for exclusivity is requested is the vertical application of the principle of piping with the spray lance, making it possible to form piles or sand piles in the ground.

An example of such a method consists in coating a spray lance into a hole, eg formed by one of the methods described according to patent application "Soil explorer" no. 8002517 or this patent application wherein, after the desired depth is reached, with the spray lance a granular material is placed in the ground while the spray lance is pulled up. Due to the relatively high pressure and the flow pressure, the granules are applied in a very dense packing. Then the granules, e.g. after every half meter of applied material, are injected with a hardening material such as a grout of cement paste. An advantage of this method is that the grout also penetrates into the surrounding soil and that a strong connection of the pile with the spraying or 8100028-17 soil already in many cases causes a stabilization of the soil around the pile. T.B.v. by injecting the grout it is possible to provide an additional injection circulation pipe nr (, 60). The grout can then also circulate.

5 The grout injection is started by switching on the throttle valve (.61). If sufficient experience has been developed, it is also possible to have the grout and the granular material injected simultaneously via both pipes (55, 56 and 60). 8100028 - 18 -

Reference numbers.

1. Training principle.

2. Distortion principle.

3. Dynamic movement of the pipe.

5 4. Heading station.

5. Launch station.

6. Injection molded tube.

7. Own propulsion.

8. · Cavity or banal created by "rejuvenation of the tube, 10 further referred to as" backlash ".

9. Injection unit.

10. Injection tube.

11. Support tube.

12. Stabilized pipe.

t 15 13. Sealing construction.

14. Reservoir for instantaneous pressure keeping.

15. Extruded tube.

16. Extrusion nozzle. · "17. Guide die.

20 18. Pavement mold.

19. Installed or fitted "pipe" or "pipe".

20. Tube section.

21. Various pipes, eg for energy transport.

22. Container.

25 23. Foil, hose or network.

24. Rings.

25. Spiral.

26. Spring construction.

27. Hydrostatic power.

30 28. Land tax on management.

29. Sealing collar.

30. Guide tube.

31. Detention.

32. Tensile stress in wire.

35 33. Friction between ground and net.

34. Membrane pull.

8100028 - 19 - 35. Support spiral for imposition of membrane forces.

36. Container divider.

37. Drive ring.

38. Drive flange.

5 39. Primary spring construction.

40. Secondary spring construction.

41. Mechanical spring.

42. Gas-filled bladder.

43. Press pipe.

10 44. Sealing membrane.

45. Spiral pull wires.

46. Cross coupling of the coils to laterally resilient tube.

47. Ground body for "launch station".

48. Hose holder.

15 49. Ironing device.

50. Casing tube.

51. Piping section.

52. Reinforcement or definitive leadership.

53. Bellows construction.

20 54. Hydraulic alternating current, D.P.

55. Supply pipe.

56. Return line.

57. Throttle valve.

58. Coaxial line.

25 59. Unblocking line.

60. Extra injection circulation pipe for grout.

61. Throttle valve in grout pipe.

62. Vibrocylinder.

63. Low gear.

30 64. Great acceleration.

65. Pulse acceleration.

66. Buffer boost.

67. Brake increase.

68. Return acceleration.

35 69. Energy flow.

70. Cross contraction. 71. Lateral dilation.

Read in the sequel for equipment: "equipment and working method".

8100028 ____

Claims (9)

1. Device for laying pipes, in which an elongated channel or cavity is formed in the ground by penetrating a headend station in the ground from a so-called launching station at the beginning of this channel 5 and a channel of ever-increasing length between this a head station and the launch station, characterized in that: an elongated cavity is placed in the ground, or an elongated hollow body. is produced on site in the ground 10, or a prefabricated elongated hollow body is placed in the ground and that the process and / or the construction of the pipe is not at all or significantly less hindered by friction between the ground and the pipe and that The conduit is created by stabilizing the soil around the cavity made by the header station, or that the conduit is formed on the inside of said cavity or that a entrained conduit is installed from this header station in the cavity 20 or that a conduit with the Head station is taken along which pipe deforms during the movement process of the head station in such a way that the friction between this pipe and the ground is significantly reduced or that the movement of the entire pipe or of parts thereof relative to each other and to the ground is determined in such a way that the adverse influence of the friction is reduced and / or most of the available propulsion kr eight is concentrated on a smaller portion of the line. 2. Device for laying pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that: in case of forming a pipe by stabilizing the soil around the cavity made, this is done by injecting this soil with a liquid such as water glass and soda, an asphalt or tar product or a polymer 8100028 - 21 - or synthetic resin, such that the ground hardening the resulting cavity remains intact, or that this is done by injecting this * soil with a substance which makes the ground around the hole watertight or gastight or virtually waterproof or gas-5, making it possible to keep the cavity wall intact by applying an overpressure to the cavity wall using a liquid or gas. The injection material can consist of bentonite, an asphalt or tar product, a polymer, or other plastic, which has a gas, waterproofing or water-repellent effect. 3. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 1 and 2, characterized in that, in the head station there is a space containing the injection substance or collecting an injection substance supplied by hoses, that a pump is placed in the head station or in the launch station which pressurizes the injection liquid that the injection liquid is forced out of a tubular body (1.09) with outwardly directed openings by the pump pressure into the surrounding soil, that behind the injection tube (1.10) there is a tube (1.11) supporting the soil until the injection substance is sufficient incorporated that when using fluid pressure to stabilize the conduit, this pressure can be maintained with a reservoir (3.14) connected to the conduit at the launch station with a seal construction (3.13) is present that in case a pipe must be fitted directly or after some time within the ground pipe formed by the ground, also a sealing construction is present g is which consists of a tube on the inside provided with a flexible sleeve (3.29) through which the tube to be fitted can be slid. 4. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 1 characterized in that, against the inside of the cavity formed by the head station, a tube is applied by extruding it from an extruder nozzle (4.16), that the extruded tube, or coating of the cavity, is 8100028 - supported by a tube (4.17) until the extruded material has hardened or behind the extrusion nozzle only the ground is supported by a tube (6.30) lying between the ground and the extruded tube, or also the extruded tube is also supported by a second tube (6.17) that it is also possible to make one or both support tubes • slightly conical, whereby the extruded tube and the ground are slowly released from the support tubes (see fig.! 5), which, in the case within the extruded tube a second pipe must be fitted immediately 10 or later, the extruded pipe can be supported by closing the "clearance" (4.8) at the launch station and placing the space (8) under water pressure. c in accordance with the last part of claim 3 and associated fig. 3, 15 that the extrusion material may consist of solidifying material, of synthetic material, of cement concrete, asphalt or plastic products, which can form a rapidly hardening construction by material to be used in two components, the hardening component being added just before or after the extrusion by resp. mixing or injection, and that the extrusion material can be reinforced eg with • w glass fibers. 5. Device for arranging pipes according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, as indicated in Fig. 7, the device can be combined with injection using '. with an injection section (7.6) and an extrusion section (7.15), whereby a layered tube (7.20) with an injection layer and an extrusion layer is formed, that this tube can be supported with gas or liquid pressure as indicated in concl. 3, or that an inner tube can be entrained directly against the extruded layer (7.15), whereby the resistance to displacement of this tube is reduced due to the hydro-static bearing of this tube by means of the layer (7.15), if this layer is liquid or plastic is kept as long as the application of the inner tube continues. 8100028 - 23 - 6. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 1, characterized in that a container (8.22) is arranged behind the head station, in which there is a pipe, when folded, which is wholly or almost completely prefabricated, that this pipe is pulled out of the container as the head station advances. and placed in its final position, against the hollow in the ground. 7. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 10 6, characterized in that the prefabricated pipe consists of rings (9.24) connected by an easily deformable network or foil (9.23), the rings practically abutting each other in the container and the foil being folded, while the rings after the container 15 are spaced such that the film or mesh is pulled as tight as possible between the different rings and has a small sheer to absorb the forces from the ground (13.28) and transfer to the rings that the network or foil 20 acts as a membrane, whereby the load of the soil is converted into tensile forces in the membrane (13.34), which then act as a so-called suspension construction (see fig. 13). 8. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 7 characterized in that the conduit, conveniently referred to as a trap, is held in the container by a spring construction (9.26), the spring construction of which acts in such a way that the force required to "pull off" the rings is of the order of magnitude of the force required to tighten the mesh or foil between the rings. 9. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 8 characterized in that the spring construction consists of separate springs according to (fig. 10), the space required to allow movement of the springs from the surrounding ground is closed by the membrane (10.44), or that the spring construction exists from a bladder (11.42) filled with gas or liquid, which deforms as the tensile force increases on the ring 8100028 - 24 - so that the ring comes loose. 10. Device for installing pipes in accordance with concl. 6 through 9, characterized in that the spring construction is constructed in such a way that the ring which has been "pulled off" is not suddenly completely released, as a result of which the tension in the network could drop, but, after it has been partially released, still sufficient resistance. counter displacement to maintain tension in the network, this may be done by a second spring structure (10.40) which continues to resist until a subsequent ring reaches the clamp structure (10.39) (see Figure 10). 11. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 6 to 10, characterized in that the trap, instead of separate rings, can also consist of a spiral (.25) with the advantage that it has a greater tilting stiffness than rings. 12. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl ·. 6 characterized in that, the prefabricated conduit consists of a watertight or gastight foil or hose which is not armed with rings or coils, but which, after being pulled out of the container, are pressed to the ground by liquid or gas pressure, which pressure absorbs the load through the surrounding soil, that at the end of the container a spring construction is no longer required, but a "scraper" (14.49), which guides the flexible tube when leaving the container and directly in the correct to properly rest against the ground and prevent soil ingress, that the liquid or gas pressure is enabled by means of features as indicated in the claims. 3 and 5 and that this device can be used to provide a second conduit within it with virtually no friction, using the hydrostatic layer produced by the liquid. 35 13. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 6. to .12 me ±, characterized in that behind the container is a tube 8100028 - 25 - "casing tube" (12.50), which keeps the pipe, after it has been pulled out of the spring construction, some distance from the ground. , which gives the pipe the opportunity to take a good shape for some time 5 and prevents deformations caused by loosened soil particles (see fig. 12). 15. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 1, characterized in that a conduit is drawn behind the headend and during the penetration of the headend, which conduit has the property of becoming smaller in cross-section when it is under tensile stress and forcing it back to its original shape. > when the tensile stress drops and that this pipe, further called "pull stocking", is pulled inter-meteringly, such that when suddenly the pipe is pulled suddenly it is released from the ground and can move relatively frictionless, while when the ground sinks after some time on the conduit, the pulling is terminated thereby reducing the tensile stress * expanding the conduit again and forcing the soil back to its original position, whereupon the process is repeated when the conduit is pulled again. 16. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 15 characterized in that the sliding of the side of the launching station is regulated such that a certain holding or frictional force is present, whereby the "pulling stock" is under a slight pre-tension, so that the residual friction is achieved between the "tensile stocking" and the ground, when the "tensile stocking" comes to a standstill, is reduced, · during the temporary lifting of this tensile stress, whereby the "tensile stocking" also represses the ground in its original position at the location of the residual friction. . 17. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 15 and 16 characterized in that the operation of the "pull stocking" is improved when the displacement of the head station 8100028 - 26 - and the pulling force on the "pull stocking" proceeds dynamically, i.e. z. shock-like or in the form of a vibration. In a shock-like course, the friction is lower due to the better release of the "stocking" from the ground and the reduced friction due to the dynamic effect. During the vibration, this should be done in such a way that the constriction and displacement of the "pull stocking" takes on the character of a longitudinal wave. 18. Device for the installation of pipes according to "claim". 10 15 to 17, characterized in that the pull stocking is composed of a double system of spiral pull wires (19.45), the pitch of one set of spirals being opposite to that of the other set of spirals and, if necessary, these spirals being coupled by a ring or tubular construction of elastic material, whereby a reversible reduction of the diameter can occur in this ring or tubular construction, (see fig. 19). 19. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 15 to 18, characterized in that the tensile stocking can be used as a temporary pipe as well as a temporary pipe to protect a permanent pipe and to apply it with less friction, either simultaneously with the installation of the tensile pipe or after the application of the tensile stocking and that in both cases the tensile stocking is removed again after the final conduit has been wholly or partly fitted. Pipe installation device according to part of the preceding claims V, characterized in that the movement pattern of the pipe or auxiliary pipe to be fitted is of a dynamic nature, i.e. 30 z. That the movements are not quasi static but are periodic, vibrating and shock-like and that this is possible by using hydraulic drives described in European Patent Application No. 80200114.9 and that the dynamic displacement is arranged in such a way that one of the following 35 phenomena or a combination of these occurs, namely: a. In the event of a shocking or asymmetrically vibrating displacement of the pipeline, increasing the displacement force by converting kinetic energy over a relatively short period of time into a relatively large force at a relatively high small way. b.When applying longitudinal waves, by concentration 5 of most of the available force and displacement at the location of the "wave," c. When using a vibration, the frequency of which is adjusted to the response of the system, that oscillation occurs in the movement until sufficient energy has been accumulated to cause the pipe to move. D. When applying asymmetric vibrations such that the dynamic force in one direction of movement is greater than in the other direction of movement, resulting in the tube resulting in the direction of the greatest acceleration, or the greatest force, i.e. with periodic and vibrating movements such that the soil mechanical properties of the ground change as a result of these vibrations or periodic movements, such that the friction is significantly reduced. displacements such that the speed of the displacements is as great as possible and that d friction is significantly smaller than with slow quasi static displacement. 21. Device for installing pipes according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe is divided into several pipe sections, that the pipe sections are mutually connected by a displacement unit, which unit can exert a force on the ends of the pipe. the pipes that converge at this unit, such that these pipe sections can move relative to each other, so that the force that can be absorbed by the pipe or the force required for the displacement can be applied at arbitrary places in the total pipe system instead of only at the end station and / or at the launch station, thereby achieving that the total available force 35 or a large portion thereof can be applied to preselected locations and in such a way that the 8100028-28 friction on certain pipe sections is very low while it is larger on other pipe sections, so these pipe sections are used nnen to transmit the reaction of the applied force to the ground. 5 22. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 21 characterized in that the movements at the location of the various displacement unit are adjusted to each other such that the different tube sections move successively as the bellies of a longitudinal wave, or as the displacement of an earthworm, (fig. 24 and 25). 23. Pipe installation device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mixture of liquid, hereinafter referred to as "water" and granules, is deposited in the ground in such a way that the water continues to flow into the ground or through by deposition. channels formed, while the granules entrained by the water settle at the required density, that the water and the granules exit from the used system take place behind the so-called injection or extrusion nozzle and that the pipe with which the water and the granules are conveyed in such a way that the chance of settling of the granules is minimal, that in order to achieve this the transport pipe consists of a circulation pipe which, in the form of a supply pipe, supplies the water / granule mixture to the injection nozzle and in the form of a return line returns the water / granule mixture that cannot be processed by the injection nozzle back to the pump system, such that a speed is maintained throughout the circuit sufficient to prevent settling of the granules. 24. Device for arranging pipes according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the circulation pipe is designed as a coaxial pipe, which makes it possible to create a favorable flow pattern on the injection nozzle and, in case the circulation pipe is used as a spray lance, a compact system. with 8100028 - 29 - little friction and less chance of piping. 25. Pipe installation device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the material deposited by the injection is graded in such a grain size that sufficient water permeability is created to discharge the water, so that the injection pressure can be reduced and the risk of piping. is reduced. 26. Device for the installation of pipes according to concl. 23, 24 and 25, characterized in that the pressure on the injection nozzle 10 is determined by selecting the dimensioning of the supply and return line such that the pressure drop across these lines exerts an appropriate pressure on the injection nozzle so that it can become pressure increased by arranging a throttle valve in the return pipe, that provision is made for the flow direction in the circulation pipes to be reversed in order to be able to combat unexpected blockages with flow of clean water, which can be applied thin coaxial pipe within the circulation pipes which are provided with small openings and through which clean water can be pressed into the circulation pipe in case of blockage, in order to be able to flush it. 27. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 23 to 26, characterized in that the circulation pipe injection method is used to apply elongated concrete or sand bodies to the ground, such as sand piles or concrete piles, and that the circulation pipe nozzle, when placed in the ground, is raised or withdrawn while a granular material consisting of sand or slightly graded fine gravel is applied, this gravel, after a certain length has been applied, is injected with a hardening grout of cement or plastic, which grout is applied through the same or a separate circulation pipe, that with good operational control it is also possible to apply the grout almost simultaneously. 8100028 9 * - 30 - 28. Device for the installation of pipes in accordance with concl. 16 and the relevant claims, characterized in that the pull-stocking is water- or gas-tight and that if the residual friction in the pull-stocking is too great, it is pressurized under water or gas, which leads to spring-back of the ground and relaxation of the stocking so that the stocking can come loose again and further movement is possible. 29. Device for installing pipes according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the applied pipe, designed according to any of the preceding claims, is porous and is used as a drainage pipe, so that drainage pipes can be arranged horizontally at a relatively great depth. ^ (or water is permeable). 30. Device for arranging pipes according to a part of the preceding claims, characterized in that the so-called "thickening head" as described in patent application no. 8002517 dd. Is used for the drive and the displacement of the head station. 1.5.1980 wherein the head station travels by pushing against a body mounted from the "fathead", consisting of grains which can be applied using the injection system as described in claim 1. 23 and following, that when this granular body is sufficiently stable, the "thick head" can be used in very weak soil layers, that the "thick head" is also suitable for forming a stable extrusion pipe, eg of concrete with glass reinforcement. or variant of this Note: For equipment read: "equipment and working method". 1 8100028 J -J / - BRRATA Page. Tf line 15i for 4113 read 418 Page. 9j line 7 s head station to be read instead of launch station Page 10, line 23: primary spring construction 10.39 ··· must have its secondary spring construction and ring 2 is held by the primary spring construction. Page 10, line 29ï 12.42 must be 11.42. Page 10, line 30: ground pressure must be gas pressure, see fig. II. Page 11, line 15: 14135 must be 15135 »see figure 15«, page 28, line 10: figure 25 must be figure 23. 81 0 0 0 2 8