NL8006453A - Prodn. of modified charcoal for heavy metal adsorption - by treating with active oxygen and/or sulphur tri:oxide source - Google Patents

Prodn. of modified charcoal for heavy metal adsorption - by treating with active oxygen and/or sulphur tri:oxide source Download PDF

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NL8006453A
NL8006453A NL8006453A NL8006453A NL8006453A NL 8006453 A NL8006453 A NL 8006453A NL 8006453 A NL8006453 A NL 8006453A NL 8006453 A NL8006453 A NL 8006453A NL 8006453 A NL8006453 A NL 8006453A
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carbon
active
charcoal
specific surface
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/90—Separation; Purification
    • C01B17/901—Recovery from spent acids containing metallic ions, e.g. hydrolysis acids, pickling acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/22—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
    • C22B3/24—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
    • B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
    • B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
    • B01J20/3251—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such comprising at least two different types of heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/354—After-treatment
    • C01B32/372—Coating; Grafting; Microencapsulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Prodn. of modified charcoal having a specific surface of at least 100 square m/g and contg. at least 5 wt.% of surface carboxylic and/or sulphonic acid gps. is carried out by mixing charcoal with a liq. contg. oxidising and/or sulphonating agents and maintaining the mixt. at a temp. of at least 300 deg.K for at least 1 hr. The starting charcoal must have a specific surface of at least 400 square m/g. The liq. must have an active O and/or SO3 content of at least 5 (pref. at least 10) mole%. The molar ratio of C to active O and/or SO3 must be not more than 10:1 (pref. 5:1 to 1:2). Suitable O and/or SO3 donors are (NH4)2S2O8, K2S2O8, H2O2, H2SO4, oleum, and esp. HNO3. The treatment is pref. effected at 300-500 (esp. 350-450) deg.K for 1-25 (esp. 1-10) hr.. The prods. are useful as an adsorbent for heavy metals, e.g. for water treatment or for purifying H2SO4 or H2SO4-contg. process streams. They have a higher adsorptive capacity for heavy metals than conventional activated charcoal (see also NL 8006452).

Description

3244 STAMICARBON B.V.3244 STAMICARBON B.V.

Uitvinders: Marcel G.F. KROLL te MaastrichtInventors: Marcel G.F. KROLL in Maastricht

Petrus M.G. FRENKEN te ThornPetrus M.G. FRENKEN in Thorn

WERKWIJZE VOOR HET BEREIDEN VAN GEMODIFICEERDE KOOLMETHOD FOR PREPARING MODIFIED CARBON

De uitvinding betreft een werkwijze voor het bereiden van gemodificeerde kool met een specifiek oppervlak van tenminste 10Ö m^ g-l, welke kool is voorzien van tenminste 5 gew.-% carbonzure groepen en/of sulfonzure groepen, welke groepen zich bevinden op of 5 nabij het oppervlak van de kool, daardoor gekenmerkt, dat men deze kool bereidt door kool met een specifiek oppervlak van tenminste 400 g~*> bijvoorbeeld actieve kool of 'carbon black', in een zodanige hoeveelheid van een vloeistof, die tenminste 5 mol.-Z, en bij voorkeur tenminste 10 mol.-%, berekend als actieve O en/of SO3, aan oxiderende 10 en/of sulfonerende stoffen bevat, te brengen, dat de molverhouding tussen kool, berekend als atomen C, en de aanwezige actieve 0 en/of SO3 ten hoogste 10 : 1 bedraagt, en bij voorkeur tussen 5 : 1 en 1 : 2 ligt, men vervolgens, bij voorkeur bij autogene druk, de koolbevat-tende vloeistof gedurende tenminste 1 uur en bij voorkeur gedurende 15 ten hoogste 25 uur, in het bijzonder gedurende 1-10 uur, houdt bij tenminste 300 K en bij voorkeur bij ten hoogste 500 K, in het bijzonder tussen 350 en 450 K. De benodigde duur van de behandeling hangt natuurlijk sterk af van de toegepaste temperatuur, de hoeveelheid, concentratie en soort(en) van de toegepaste actieve 0 en/of 20 SO3 donor(en). Het is voor de vakman echter eenvoudig om de optimale reactieomstandigheden door middel van proeven vast te stellen.The invention relates to a process for preparing modified carbon with a specific surface area of at least 10 0 m / g, which carbon is provided with at least 5% by weight of carboxylic acid groups and / or sulfonic acid groups, which groups are located at or near the surface of the carbon, characterized in that this carbon is prepared by carbon with a specific surface area of at least 400 g, for example, activated carbon or 'carbon black', in such an amount of a liquid that at least 5 mol.-Z , and preferably at least 10 mol%, calculated as active O and / or SO3, of oxidizing and / or sulphonating substances, that the molar ratio between carbon, calculated as atoms C, and the active 0 and / or SO3 is at most 10: 1, and preferably lies between 5: 1 and 1: 2, then, preferably at autogenous pressure, the carbonaceous liquid is used for at least 1 hour and preferably for at most 25 hours , especially for 1-10 hours, keeps at least 300 K and preferably at most 500 K, in particular between 350 and 450 K. The required duration of the treatment naturally depends strongly on the temperature applied, the amount, concentration and type (s) of the active 0 and / or 20 SO3 donor (s) used. However, it is easy for the skilled person to determine the optimum reaction conditions by means of tests.

Geschikt als actieve 0 en/of SO3 bevattende vloeistof zijn bijv. oplossingen van êên of meer 0 en/of SO3 donoren in water, pure 0 en/of SO3 donoren en mengsels van verschillende pure 0 en/of SO3 25 donoren.Suitable as active 0 and / or SO3 containing liquid are, for example, solutions of one or more 0 and / or SO3 donors in water, pure 0 and / or SO3 donors and mixtures of different pure 0 and / or SO3 donors.

Geschikte O en/of SO3 donoren zijn bijv.: (NH4>2S20g, K2S2O8, ^2^2» H2SÖ4, oleum en in het bijzonder HNO3 of mengsels van één of meer van deze stoffen.Suitable O and / or SO3 donors are, for example: (NH4> 2S20g, K2S2O8, ^ 2 ^ 2 »H2SO4, oleum and in particular HNO3 or mixtures of one or more of these substances.

8 00 6 45 3 28 00 6 45 3 2

Zeer geschikt is de volgens de uitvinding bereidde gemodificeerde kool vöor het gebruik als adsorptiemiddel voor zware metalen bijv. bij het reinigen van water voor de drinkwatervoorziening en bij het zuiveren van zwavelzuur en zwavelzuurhoudende procestromen welke 5 met zWare metalen verontreinigd zijn, aangezien de adsorptiecapaciteit voor zware metalen van de volgens de uitvinding bereidde gemodificeerde kool veel groter is dan die van bijv. actieve kool.The modified carbon prepared according to the invention is very suitable for use as an adsorbent for heavy metals, eg in the cleaning of water for the drinking water supply and in the purification of sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-containing process streams which are contaminated with heavy metals, since the adsorption capacity for heavy metals metals of the modified carbon prepared according to the invention is much larger than that of e.g. activated carbon.

De uitvinding wordt toegelicht aan de hand van de volgende voorbeelden: 10 Voorbeeld 1The invention is illustrated by the following examples: Example 1

Een actieve kool (A) met een specifiek oppervlak van 1600 g~l werd gemengd 120 g per mol kool (berekend als atomen C) van een oplossing van HNO3 in water met een concentratie van 6 mol HNO3 per kg en dit mengsel werd vervolgens gedurende 3 uur gehouden op 15 een temperatuur van 373 K. Zodoende verkreeg men een gemodificeerde kool (B) met een specifiek oppervlak van 1000 m^ g-1 welke 12 gew.-% bevatte van de bovenbeschreven carbonzure groepen.An active carbon (A) with a surface area of 1600 g ~ 1 was mixed 120 g per mole of carbon (calculated as atoms C) of a solution of HNO3 in water with a concentration of 6 moles of HNO3 per kg and this mixture was then Maintained for 3 hours at a temperature of 373 K. Thus, a modified carbon (B) with a specific surface area of 1000 ml-g-1 containing 12% by weight of the above-described carboxylic acid groups was obtained.

Voorbeeld 2Example 2

Een actieve kool (A) met een specifiek oppervlak van Λ i 20 1600 nr werd gemengd 51 g per mol kool (berekend als atomen C) van een oplossing van HNO3 in water met een concentratie van 10 mol HNO3 per kg water en dit mengsel werd vervolgens gedurende 3 uur gehouden op een temperatuur van 373 K. Zodoende verkreeg men een gemodificeerde kool (C) met een specifiek oppervlak van 230 m^ g"l welke 25 17 gew.-% bevatte van de bovenbeschreven carbonzure groepen.An activated carbon (A) with a specific surface area of 20 i 20 1600 nr was mixed 51 g per mol of carbon (calculated as atoms C) of a solution of HNO3 in water with a concentration of 10 mol HNO3 per kg of water and this mixture was then kept at a temperature of 373 K for 3 hours. This gave a modified carbon (C) with a specific surface area of 230 ml / l which contained 17% by weight of the above-described carboxylic acid groups.

Van de koolsoorten A, B en C werd de adsorptiecapaciteit voor het zware metaal nikkel gemeten als onder beschreven met een oplossing van nikkel welke 1 mg nikkel per liter water bevatte (resultaat AC I) en met een oplossing van nikkel welke 50 mg nikkel per liter water 30 bevatte (resultaat AC II).For the A, B and C coal, the adsorption capacity for the heavy metal nickel was measured as described below with a solution of nickel containing 1 mg of nickel per liter of water (result AC I) and with a solution of nickel containing 50 mg of nickel per liter water 30 (result AC II).

De resultaten hiervan zijn weergegeven in onderstaande tabel: 8 0 0 6 4 5 3 3The results are shown in the table below: 8 0 0 6 4 5 3 3

Koolsoort AC I in mg nikkel AC Iï in mg nikkel per gram kool per gram kool A 2 8 B 25 52 5 C 30 72Cabbage type AC I in mg nickel AC Iï in mg nickel per gram of cabbage per gram of cabbage A 2 8 B 25 52 5 C 30 72

De bepaling van de adsorptiecapacitèit geschiedde als volgt: In een kolf werd een afgewogen hoeveelheid van de te onderzoeken kool gebracht. Vervolgens werd hieraan een afgewogen hoeveelheid van een nikkeloplössing met een bekende nikkelconcentratie toegevoegd. Daarna 10 werd de kolf m.b.v. een schudapparaat gedurende 24 uur geschud. Hierbij werd in de kolf een pH van 7 en een temperatuur van 296 K gehandhaafd, Na deze 24 uur was in de kolf in evenwicht bereikt in de verdeling van het nikkel tussen de kool en de oplossing. Vervolgens werd de nikkelconcentratie in waterfase bepaald. Nu kon m.b.v. de 15 bekende gegevens de geadsorbeerde hoeveelheid nikkel op de kool bepaald worden en hieruit de adsorptiecapacitèit van de kool onder de proefomstandigheden.The adsorption capacity was determined as follows: A weighed amount of the carbon to be tested was introduced into a flask. Subsequently, a weighed amount of a nickel solution with a known nickel concentration was added. Then the flask was filled with shook a shaker for 24 hours. A pH of 7 and a temperature of 296 K was maintained in the flask. After these 24 hours, equilibrium was reached in the flask in the distribution of the nickel between the carbon and the solution. The nickel concentration in water phase was then determined. Now, using The known data determine the amount of nickel adsorbed on the carbon and from this the adsorption capacity of the carbon under the test conditions.

8 0 0 6 4 5 38 0 0 6 4 5 3

Claims (10)

1. Werkwijze voor het bereiden van gemodificeerde kool met een specifiek oppervlak van tenminste 100 m^ g-*, welke kool is voorzien van tenminste 5 gew.-% carbonzure groepen en/of sulfonzure groepen, welke groepen zich bevinden op of nabij het oppervlak 5 van de kool, met het kenmerk, dat men deze kool bereidt door kool met een specifiek oppervlak van tenminste 400 m^ g"l in een zodanige hoeveelheid van een vloeistof die, tenminste 5 mol.-%, berekend als actieve 0 en/of SO3, aan oxiderende en/of sulfonerende stoffen bevat, te brengen, dat de molverhouding tussen de kool, 10 berekend als atomen C, en de aanwezige actieve 0 en/of SO3 ten hoogste 10 : 1 bedraagt en men vervolgens de koolbevattende vloeistof gedurende tenminste 1 uur houdt bij tenminste 300 K.1. A method for preparing modified carbon with a specific surface area of at least 100 m 2 g *, which carbon is provided with at least 5% by weight of carboxylic acid groups and / or sulfonic acid groups, which groups are located on or near the surface 5 of the charcoal, characterized in that this charcoal is prepared by charcoal with a specific surface area of at least 400 m / g / l in such an amount of a liquid that, at least 5 mole%, is calculated as active 0 and / or SO3, to oxidizing and / or sulphonating substances, that the molar ratio between the carbon, calculated as atoms C, and the active 0 and / or SO3 present is not more than 10: 1, and then the carbon-containing liquid is keep at least 1 hour at least 300 K. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk; dat mén de koöl in een zodanige hoeveelheid van genoenide vloeistof brengt dat dé 15 molverhouding tussen de kool, berekend als atomen C, en de aan wezige actieve 0 en/of SO3 ligt tussen S !j i eh 1 : 2.Method according to claim 1, characterized in; that one brings the cool in such an amount of pleasant liquid that the 15 molar ratio between the carbon, calculated as atoms C, and the active 0 and / or SO 3 present is between 1: 2. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 2, met het kenmerk, dat genoemde vloeistof tenminste 10 gew.-%, berekend als actieve 0 en/of SO3, aan oxiderende en/of sulfonerende stoffen bevat.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said liquid contains at least 10% by weight, calculated as active O and / or SO3, of oxidizing and / or sulphonating substances. 4. Werkwijze volgens êên der conclusies 1-3, met het kenmerk, dat men de koolbevattende vloeistof gedurende ten hoogste 25 uur houdt bij tenminste 300 K.Method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the carbon-containing liquid is kept at at least 300 K for a maximum of 25 hours. 4 32444 3244 5. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 4, met het kenmerk, dat men de koolbevattende vloeistof gedurende 1-10 uur houdt bij tenminste 300 K.Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the carbon-containing liquid is kept at at least 300 K for 1-10 hours. 6. Werkwijze volgens êén der conclusies 1-5, met het kenmerk, dat men de koolbevattende vloeistof bij ten hoogste 500 K houdt.A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carbon-containing liquid is kept at a maximum of 500 K. 7. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 6, met het kenmerk, dat men de koolbevattende vloeistof gedurende tenminste 1 uur houdt tussen 350-450 K.Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the carbon-containing liquid is kept between 350-450 K for at least 1 hour. 8. Werkwijze volgens êén der conclusies 1-7, met het kenmerk, dat men als actieve 0 en/óf SO3 donor HNO3 toepast.Process according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the active O and / or SO3 donor is HNO3. 9. Werkwijze voor de bereiding van kool in hoofdzaak zoals boven beschreven en aan de hand van de voorbeelden toegelicht. 8 0 0 6 45 3 ♦9. Process for the preparation of coal essentially as described above and illustrated by the examples. 8 0 0 6 45 3 ♦ 10. Kool met een specifiek oppervlak van tenminste 100 m^ welke kool is voorzien van tenminste 5 gew.-% carbonzure groepen en/of sulfortzure groepen, welke groepen zich bevinden op of nabij het oppervlak van de kool, welke kool is bereid volgens ién der 5 voorafgaande conclusies. LvG/ 8 00 6 45 310. Carbon with a specific surface area of at least 100 m2, which carbon is provided with at least 5% by weight of carboxylic acid groups and / or sulfuric acid groups, which groups are located on or near the surface of the carbon, which carbon is prepared according to one of the 5 preceding claims. LvG / 8 00 6 45 3
NL8006453A 1980-11-27 1980-11-27 Prodn. of modified charcoal for heavy metal adsorption - by treating with active oxygen and/or sulphur tri:oxide source NL8006453A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6284213B1 (en) * 1998-08-05 2001-09-04 Enichem S.P.A. Catalyst, process for the production of hydrogen peroxide and its use in oxidation processes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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