NL2035838B1 - Aluminum alloy wheel hub and surface high-energy composite modification method therefor - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy wheel hub and surface high-energy composite modification method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- NL2035838B1 NL2035838B1 NL2035838A NL2035838A NL2035838B1 NL 2035838 B1 NL2035838 B1 NL 2035838B1 NL 2035838 A NL2035838 A NL 2035838A NL 2035838 A NL2035838 A NL 2035838A NL 2035838 B1 NL2035838 B1 NL 2035838B1
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- aluminum alloy
- wheel hub
- alloy wheel
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 49
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000020897 Formins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091022623 Formins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides an aluminum alloy wheel hub and a surface highenergy composite modification method therefor. The surface high-energy composite modification method includes: pre-treating an aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed; performing laser shock processing on a pre-treated aluminum alloy wheel hub to obtain a laser enhanced product; pre-treating the laser enhanced product; and performing gas nitriding on a pre-treated laser enhanced product, and forrning a nitrided layer on a surface of the laser enhanced product, to obtain an aluminum alloy wheel hub haVing a composite enhanced layer on a surface; where the composite enhanced layer sequentially includes the nitrided layer and the enhanced layer from outside to inside. After pre-treatment; laser shock processing and nitriding are performed; such that the surface of the hub forms a composite enhanced structure haVing a gradient structure; thus greatly enhancing a material strength of the aluminum alloy wheel hub.
Description
ALUMINUM ALLOY WHEEL HUB AND SURFACE HIGH-ENERGY
COMPOSITE MODIFICATION METHOD THEREFOR
[01] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicle manufacturing, in particular to an aluminum alloy wheel hub and a surface high-energy composite modification method therefor.
[02] As the global warming and the energy problems loom large in recent years, automobile manufacturing enterprises gradually shift to methods for reducing energy consumption and pollution of automobiles. The research data show that the fuel consumption can be reduced by 0.7 L/km for every 100 Kg reduction of automobiles.
As a vital automobile part, an automobile wheel hub serves to support a barrel shape of a wheel hub for the inner contour of a tire and is assembled on an axle in the center.
Common automobile wheel hubs are steel and aluminum alloy wheel hubs. The steel wheel hubs have high strength and are often used in large lorries, but also have high weights. The density of the aluminum alloy wheel hubs is only about 1/3 of that of steel wheels. The aluminum alloy wheel hubs can be used to reduce the weight of vehicles to some extent, which is conducive to energy consumption reduction.
[03] However, due to the low strength and poor wear resistance of aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy wheel hubs has poor durability and short service life, and is limited in application accordingly.
[04] It should be noted that information disclosed in the above background art section is merely used to enhance understanding of the background of the present disclosure, so it can include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[05] In order to solve the above technical problem, the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy wheel hub and a surface high-energy composite modification method therefor.
[06] A technical solution used by the present disclosure for solving the technical problem thereof is as below:
[07] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a surface high-energy composite modification method for an aluminum alloy wheel hub is provided and includes: 08] pre-treating an aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed,
[09] performing laser shock processing on a pre-treated aluminum alloy wheel hub to obtain a laser enhanced product having an enhanced layer on a surface;
[10] pre-treating the laser enhanced product; and
[11] performing gas nitriding on a preheated laser enhanced product to obtain an aluminum alloy wheel hub having a composite enhanced layer on a surface, where the composite enhanced layer sequentially includes a nitrided layer and the enhanced layer from outside to inside.
[12] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, the pre-treating an aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed includes: performing ultrasonic cleaning and drying on the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed.
[13] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, before the performing laser shock processing, a sucking layer and a constraint layer are sequentially applied on the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed, deionized water is used as the constraint layer, and an aluminum film or a black paint coating is used as the sucking layer.
[14] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, the laser shock processing includes parameters as follows: a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 3 J-5 J, a pulse width of 15 ns-22 ns, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%-65%.
[15] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, the pre-treating the laser enhanced product includes performing polishing, ultrasonic cleaning and preheating on the laser enhanced product.
[16] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, the preheating is performed at a temperature of 400°C-450°C and for treatment time of 10 min-30 min.
[17] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, during the gas nitriding, plasma nitriding is used, nitriding gas atmosphere is mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen, the use ratio of nitrogen and hydrogen is 2-3:1, a nitriding pressure is 1x10?
Pa-1.5x10? Pa, a nitriding temperature is 450°C-550°C, and nitriding time is 4 h-6 h.
[18] According to an illustrative example of the present disclosure, the enhanced layer has a thickness of 0.8 mm-1.2 mm, the nitrided layer has a thickness of 4 um-10 um, and the aluminum alloy wheel hub has a surface hardness of 300 HV or above.
[19] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is provided, and is obtained through the surface treatment method according to any one described above.
[20] The aluminum alloy wheel hub and the surface high-energy composite modification method therefor according to the present disclosure have the beneficial effects:
[21] After the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned and dried, the sucking layer is applied, and the laser shock processing is performed based on certain process parameters under a certain constraint layer to form the enhanced layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub. Through the laser shock processing, the aluminum alloy wheel hub may be effectively thinned and the lightweight effect may be achieved. In addition, through the laser shock processing, the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub produces plastic deformation and a residual stress field, thereby refining grains, increasing a dislocation density, and improving a compressive stress and hardness.
[22] The product obtained after the laser shock processing is subjected to pre- treatment of polishing, cleaning, preheating, etc., and then nitriding is performed under acertain vacuum pressure to form the nitrided layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub after the laser shock processing, thus forming the composite enhanced layer having a certain stepped structure on the surface of the wheel hub, and greatly enhancing the strength and wear resistance of the material.
[23] The drawings herein are incorporated into the description as a constituent part of the description, illustrate examples conforming to the present disclosure, and serve to explain principles of the present disclosure along with the description. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following descriptions merely show some examples of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can still derive other accompanying drawings from the accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
[24] FIG. 1 shows a surface high-energy composite modification method for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to an example of the present disclosure;
[25] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of laser shock processing according to an example of the present disclosure; and
[26] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of microstructure changing during surface composite treatment of an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to an example of the present disclosure.
[27] In order to make objectives, technical solutions and advantages of examples of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the examples of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions suggested by a manufacturer shall be applied. A used reagent or instrument without indication of a manufacturer is a conventional product that is commercially available.
[28] A surface high-energy composite modification method for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to an example of the present disclosure will be described below in detail.
[29] The surface high-energy composite modification method for an aluminum alloy wheel hub according to an example of the present disclosure includes:
[30] S101, an aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is pre-treated;
BIJ] S102, laser shock processing is performed on a pre-treated aluminum alloy wheel hub to obtain a laser enhanced product having an enhanced layer on a surface;
[32] S103, the laser enhanced product is pre-treated; and
[33] S104, gas nitriding is performed on a preheated laser enhanced product to obtain an aluminum alloy wheel hub having a composite enhanced layer on a surface, where the composite enhanced layer sequentially includes a nitrided layer and the enhanced layer from outside to inside.
[34] According to the surface high-energy composite modification method, after the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned and dried, the sucking layer and the constraint layer are applied, and the laser shock processing is performed based on certain process parameters to form the laser enhanced layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub. The product obtained after the laser shock processing is subjected to pre-treatment of cleaning, polishing, etc., and then nitriding is performed under a certain vacuum pressure to form the nitrided layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub after the laser shock processing, thus forming the composite enhanced layer having a certain stepped structure, greatly enhancing the strength and wear resistance of the material, and achieving a lightweight product.
[35] The present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the 5 examples.
[36] S101, the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is pre-treated.
[37] In an example of the present disclosure, S101 specifically includes ultrasonic cleaning and drying. The ultrasonic cleaning may include two washes with an ethanol solution and then two washes with pure water. Drying is performed after ultrasonic cleaning.
[38] S102, laser shock processing is performed on the pre-treated aluminum alloy wheel hub to obtain the laser enhanced product having the enhanced layer on the surface.
With reference to FIG. 3, after laser shock processing, a microstructure with an enhanced layer 30 is formed on the surface of the product. Specifically, according to an example of the present disclosure, before S102, a sucking layer and a constraint layer are sequentially applied on the aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed, deionized water is used as the constraint layer, and an aluminum film or a blackwash is used as the sucking layer. Specifically, the aluminum alloy wheel hub is fixed on a laser shock processing table, and a certain thickness of black paint is sprayed on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub as an sucking layer.
[39] It should be noted that the black paint coating is a mixture of black pigments such as carbon black and organic materials such as epoxy resin, polyurethane resin and silicone resin. It may be understood that black paint coating may be obtained from commercially available products, and will not be repeated in the present disclosure.
[40] Specifically, according to an example of the present disclosure, the constraint layer is a deionized water layer with a thickness of 2 mm. The laser shock processing includes parameters as follows: a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 3 J-5 J, a pulse width of 15 ns-22 ns, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%-65%. By adjusting the parameters of laser shock processing, surface treatment is performed by using pulse laser with certain energy, and residual stress with a certain depth and grain refinement with a certain thickness are introduced, such that micro-properties of the product surface are improved, and hardness and wear resistance of the product surface are improved.
[41] Further, according to an example of the present disclosure, during the laser shock processing, a spot has a circular shape, and a diameter of 3 mm-5 mm. Further, a path of laser shock processing is performed on the surface of the product to be processed in a roughly left square bracket shape. As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of laser shock processing according to illustrative example is shown. On the product to be processed 1, laser shock processing is performed according to the left square bracket- shaped laser path 2, and the spots are circular, and the inter-multi-spot overlap rate is 62.5%.
[42] As shown in FIG. 3, before the laser shock processing, an internal structure of the aluminum alloy wheel hub has a great grain size. During the laser shock processing, laser shock waves pass through the sucking layer, act on the surface of the aluminum alloy wheel hub and spread towards the inside, and cause plastic deformation and a residual compressive stress field of a surface material of the aluminum alloy wheel hub.
A microstructure of the laser enhanced layer 30 changes in aspects of grain refinement and dislocation density increase, thus improving the strength and wear resistance of the material. In the laser enhanced layer 30, the closer to the surface a position is, the greater received laser shock is, and the smaller a grain size is.
[43] S103, the laser enhanced product is pre-treated.
[44] According to an example of the present disclosure, S103 includes ultrasonic cleaning, drying, polishing and preheating. Specifically, the ultrasonic cleaning includes two washes with an ethanol solution and then two washes with pure water. Polishing uses W1000 free abrasive to remove waviness on the surface after laser shock processing.
[45] According to an example of the present disclosure, the preheating is performed at a temperature of 400°C-450°C and for treatment time of 15 min-30 min. Preheating performed under the above conditions is conducive to improving a nitriding effect.
[46] S104, gas nitriding is performed on the preheated laser enhanced product to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel hub having the composite enhanced layer on the surface, where the composite enhanced layer sequentially includes the nitrided layer and the enhanced layer from outside to inside.
[47] According to an example of the present disclosure, nitriding is gas nitriding by introducing hydrogen and nitrogen at a vacuum pressure.
[48] According to an example of the present disclosure, during the gas nitriding, a vacuum pressure is 0.01 Pa-2 Pa, a nitriding temperature is 490°C-550°C and nitriding time is 4 h-8 h. More preferably, during the gas nitriding, a vacuum pressure is 0.05 Pa- 1 Pa, nitriding gas atmosphere is mixed gas of N2+Hb, the use ratio (v/v) of No+H3 is 2- 3:1, a gas pressure is 1x10? Pa-1.5x10? Pa, a nitriding temperature is 490°C-520°C, and nitriding time is 4 h-6 h.
[49] Specifically, the nitriding is performed in an gas nitriding furnace, and is specifically performed in the gas nitriding furnace by introducing mixed gas of high- purity nitrogen and high-purity hydrogen each having a purity of 99.999%. In a low- vacuum furnace, a product to be processed is used as a cathode and the furnace is used as an anode. After being electrified, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in the medium are ionized under a high-voltage direct current electric field, and a plasma region is formed between the cathode and the anode. Under the action of a strong electric field of the plasma region, positive ions of nitrogen and hydrogen bombard the product surface at a high speed, resulting in atomic sputtering on the workpiece surface, and purification of the product surface. In addition, due to adsorption and diffusion, nitrogen permeates the product surface. A permeation rate of gas nitriding is fast, the nitriding time may be effectively shortened, and a single-phase nitrided layer may be obtained, with low brittleness, a desirable hardening effect and high deformation resistance.
[50] Further, according to an example of the present disclosure, after the gas nitriding, the method further includes: the product after the gas nitriding is quenched.
Specifically, the quenching includes: the product after gas nitriding is cooled to a room temperature in air. The high-temperature product after gas nitriding is directly cooled in the air, thus improving a crystal structure of the nitrided layer, and further improving the wear resistance of the product surface.
[51] According to an example of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the processed aluminum alloy wheel hub has the composite enhanced layer, and the composite enhanced layer sequentially includes the nitrided layer 32 and the enhanced layer 31 from outside to inside. Further, the enhanced layer has a thickness of 0.8 mm-1.2 mm. The nitrided layer has a thickness of 4 um-10 um. The processed aluminum alloy wheel hub has a hardness of 300 HV or above. More preferably, the aluminum alloy wheel hub has a hardness of 310 HV- 350 HV. Through laser shock processing and nitriding above, the processed aluminum alloy wheel hub is obtained, and the enhanced layer having a certain thickness and the nitrided layer having a certain thickness are formed on the surface, thus effectively improving the hardness and the surface performance of the product.
[52] According to the surface high-energy composite modification method for an aluminum alloy wheel hub of the present disclosure, laser shock processing is performed firstly to refine the surface grain, such that the microstructure performance of the product surface is effectively improved, the enhanced layer with a certain thickness is formed, and the hardness and wear resistance are improved. Then nitriding is performed to form the nitrided layer on the surface, such that the hardness and wear resistance are further improved.
[53] Compared with a nitrided layer formed through simple nitriding and an enhanced layer formed through simple laser shock processing, according to the present disclosure, the composite enhanced layer in the certain stepped structure is formed through nitriding after laser shock processing, has better hardness and wear resistance, may prolong the service life of the aluminum alloy wheel hub, and a weight of the aluminum alloy wheel hub is further reduced through the laser shock processing.
[54] The example of the present disclosure further provides an aluminum alloy wheel hub obtained through the surface treatment method above.
[55] The features and performance of the present disclosure will be further described below in detail in conjunction with examples.
[56] Example 1
[57] According to this example, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is processed in the following steps:
[58] (1) An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned and dried, and a sucking layer (uniformly applied black paint) is added on a surface;
[59] (2) An aluminum alloy wheel hub treated in the step (1) is fixed on a six-axis mechanical arm, and laser shock processing is preformed under the constraint of deionized water layer, to obtain a processed aluminum alloy wheel hub. The laser shock processing has a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 3 J, a pulse width of 20 ns, a spot diameter of 3 mm, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%.
[60] (3) The product after laser shock processing is subjected to polishing and ultrasonic cleaning.
[61] (4) A cleaned product after laser shock processing is pre-heated at 400°C for 10 min.
[62] (5) A preheated product is placed in an gas nitriding furnace for gas nitriding by introducing mixed gas. A vacuum pressure of the gas nitriding furnace is 1 Pa, a temperature is 520°C, and nitriding time is 5 h. The mixed gas is composed of high- purity nitrogen and hydrogen with the use ratio of 2:1, and the purity of nitrogen and the purity of hydrogen are 99.999%.
[63] (6) A product after nitriding is taken out of the gas nitriding furnace and cooled to a room temperature in the air.
[64] Example 2
[65] According to this example, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is processed in the following steps:
[66] (1) An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned and dried, and a sucking layer (uniformly applied black paint) is added on a surface;
[67] (2) An aluminum alloy wheel hub treated in the step (1) is fixed on a six-axis mechanical arm, and laser shock processing is preformed under the constraint of deionized water layer, to obtain a processed aluminum alloy wheel hub. The laser shock processing has a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 4J, a pulse width of 20 ns, a spot diameter of 3 mm, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%.
[68] (3) The product after laser shock processing is subjected to polishing and ultrasonic cleaning.
[69] (4) A cleaned product after laser shock processing is pre-heated at 400°C for 10 min.
[70] (5) A preheated product is placed in an gas nitriding furnace for gas nitriding by introducing mixed gas. A vacuum pressure of the gas nitriding furnace is 1 Pa, a temperature is 520°C, and nitriding time is 5 h. The mixed gas is composed of high- purity nitrogen and hydrogen with the use ratio of 2:1, and the purity of nitrogen and the purity of hydrogen are 99.999%.
[71] (6) A product after nitriding is taken out of the gas nitriding furnace and cooled to a room temperature in the air.
[72] Example 3
[73] According to this example, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is processed in the following steps:
[74] (1) An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned and dried, and a sucking layer (uniformly applied black paint) is added on a surface;
[75] (2) An aluminum alloy wheel hub treated in the step (1) is fixed on a six-axis mechanical arm, and laser shock processing is preformed under the constraint of deionized water layer, to obtain a processed aluminum alloy wheel hub. The laser shock processing has a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 3 J, a pulse width of 20 ns, a spot diameter of 3 mm, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%. 76] (3) The product after laser shock processing is subjected to polishing and ultrasonic cleaning.
[77] (4) A cleaned product after laser shock processing is pre-heated at 400°C for min.
[78] (5) A preheated product is placed in an gas nitriding furnace for gas nitriding 10 by introducing mixed gas. A vacuum pressure of the gas nitriding furnace is 1 Pa, a temperature is 490°C, and nitriding time is Sh. The mixed gas is composed of high-purity nitrogen and hydrogen with the use ratio of 2:1, and the purity of nitrogen and the purity of hydrogen are 99.999%.
[79] (6) A product after nitriding is taken out of the gas nitriding furnace and cooled to a room temperature in the air.
[80] Comparative example 1
[81] An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed in Example 1.
[82] Comparative example 2
[83] According to this comparative example, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is processed in the following steps:
[84] (1) An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned.
[85] (2) A cleaned product is pre-heated at 520°C for 25 min.
[86] (3) A preheated product is placed in an gas nitriding furnace for gas nitriding by introducing 99.999% high-purity nitrogen and hydrogen (with the use ratio of nitrogen and hydrogen of 2:1). A vacuum pressure of the gas nitriding furnace is 1 Pa, a temperature is 520°C, and nitriding time is 5 h.
[87] (4) A product after nitriding is taken out of the gas nitriding furnace and cooled to a room temperature in the air, so as to obtain a processed aluminum alloy wheel hub.
[88] Comparative example 3
[89] According to this comparative example, an aluminum alloy wheel hub is processed in the following steps:
[90] (1) An aluminum alloy wheel hub to be processed is cleaned.
[91] (2) An cleaned product is fixed on an operation table, black paint and deionized water curtain are applied to a surface of the product, and laser shock processing is performed to obtain a processed aluminum alloy wheel hub. The laser shock processing has a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse energy of 3 J, a pulse width of 20 ns, a spot diameter of 3 mm, and the interspot overlap rate of 50%.
[92] A hardness test is performed on the products in Examples 1-3 and Comparative
Examples 1-3 in a test method of GBT7997-2014 Hardmetals-Vickers hardness test, and results are shown in Table 1.
[93] Table 1 index 1 7 3 example 1 example 2 example 3
Surface | 325 HV | 323 HV | 315HV 156 HV 265HV 206 HV hardnes
S
[94] The examples described above are some examples rather than all examples of the present disclosure. The detailed description of the examples of the present disclosure is not intended to limit the protection scope claimed by the present disclosure, but merely represents selected examples of the present disclosure. All other examples derived by a person of ordinary skill in the art from the examples of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure
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