NL2035736A - Back-contact solar cell and photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Back-contact solar cell and photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2035736A
NL2035736A NL2035736A NL2035736A NL2035736A NL 2035736 A NL2035736 A NL 2035736A NL 2035736 A NL2035736 A NL 2035736A NL 2035736 A NL2035736 A NL 2035736A NL 2035736 A NL2035736 A NL 2035736A
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
contact solar
solar cell
main
solder pad
finger electrodes
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NL2035736A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Xu Menglei
Yang Jie
Zhang Xinyu
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN202211075862.1A external-priority patent/CN115148839A/en
Application filed by Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Publication of NL2035736A publication Critical patent/NL2035736A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022441—Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A solar cell, comprising: a substrate having a back surface; main busbars in a first direction on the back surface and finger electrodes in a second direction on the back surface, the main busbars including a plurality of positive and negative main busbars alternately arranged in the first direction, the finger electrodes including a plurality of positive and negative finger electrodes alternately arranged in the second direction, the plurality of main busbars including at least one first main busbar each adjacent to a corresponding edge of the back surface in the first direction; a plurality of first solder pads each located on a side of a corresponding first main busbar away from the corresponding edge of the back surface; and a plurality of electrical connection wires located on the back surface of the substrate each connected to a first main busbar and a first solder pad.

Description

BACK-CONTACT SOLAR CELL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The various embodiments described in this document relate in general to the technical field of solar cells, and more specifically to a back-contact solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Solar cells are becoming focus of clean energy development because they have good photoelectric conversion capability. In order to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, the research and development of solar cells are constantly going on. For full-back contact solar cells, since positive and negative metal electrodes of the cell are all arranged on a back surface of the cell, a front surface of the cell is not shielded by grid lines (electrodes), which can eliminate shading current loss of the metal electrodes and realize maximum utilization of incident photons, and thus, the full-back contact solar cell has a good prospect.
[0003] However, the existing full-back contact solar cell has low photoelectric conversion efficiency, and has poor welding effect in the assembling process.
SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the disclosure provide a back-contact solar cell and a photovoltaic module, which is at least beneficial to reduce edge loss of the cell and ensure the welding effect when the cell is applied.
[0005] Embodiments of the disclosure provide a back-contact solar cell. which includes: a substrate having a back surface: a plurality of main busbars arranged at intervals in a first direction on the back surface and a plurality of finger electrodes arranged at intervals in a second direction on the back surface, where the plurality of main busbars include a plurality of positive main busbars and a plurality of negative main busbars that are alternately arranged in the first direction, and the plurality of finger electrodes include a plurality of positive finger electrodes and a plurality of negative finger electrodes that are alternately arranged in the second direction, where each two adjacent positive finger electrodes are spaced apart from each other by 0.5mm to 1.2mm in the second direction, and each respective positive finger electrode is spaced apart by 0.2mm to 0.8mm from an adjacent negative finger electrode in the second direction; the plurality of main busbars include at least one first main busbar, each of the at least one first main busbar being extended in the second direction and adjacent to a corresponding edge of the back surface in the first direction; a plurality of first solder pads. each respective first solder pad of the plurality of first solder pads being located on the back surface of the substrate and on a side of a corresponding first main busbar away from the corresponding edge of the back surface in the first direction; and a plurality of electrical connection wires located on the back surface of the substrate, where each respective electrical connection wire has one end connected to the corresponding first main busbar and has an other end connected to a corresponding first solder pad, and has a width in a range of 0.03mm to 0.3mm in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the respective electrical connection wire.
In some embodiments, the plurality of finger electrodes include a plurality of first finger electrodes, where each respective first finger electrode is extended in the first direction and connected to a respective first solder pad, and is spaced apart from an adjacent edge of the back surface by a spacing less than a spacing between the respective first solder pad and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction; the back-contact solar cell further includes a plurality of accommodation regions located on the back surface of the substrate, where each respective accommodation region is a semi-closed region surrounded by the respective first solder pad, the respective first finger electrode, and the respective electrical connection wire; and the plurality of finger electrodes further include a plurality of second finger electrodes, where each respective second finger electrode is adjacent to the respective first finger electrode and located on a side of the respective first finger electrode away from the respective first solder pad in the second direction, and the respective second finger electrode has an end adjacent to the respective first solder pad and bent into the respective accommodation region.
[0006] In some embodiments, the end of the respective second finger electrode located within the respective accommodation region is spaced apart by 0.05mm to 0.4mm from the respective first solder pad in the first direction.
[0007] In some embodiments, the respective second finger electrode includes: a main section adjacent to the respective first finger electrode and located outside the respective accommodation region; a first bending section, where the first bending section has one end connected with one end of the main section close to the respective accommodation region, and is extended into the respective accommodation region in the second direction; and a second bending section, where the second bending section has one end connected to an other end of the first bending section located in the respective accommodation region, and is extended in the first direction.
[0008] In some embodiments, the respective first solder pad is spaced apart by 0.3mm to
Smm from the corresponding first main busbar in the first direction.
[0009] In some embodiments, the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes is 200 to 400.
[0010] In some embodiments, the back-contact solar cell further includes at least one second main busbar, where each respective second main busbar is extended in the second direction and is adjacent to a corresponding first main busbar in the first direction; and the respective first solder pad is spaced apart by 7mm to 14mm from a corresponding second main busbar in the first direction.
[0011] In some embodiments, the respective first solder pad has a maximum length in a range of 0.3mm to 3mm in the first direction and has a maximum length in a range of 0.3mm to 3mm in the second direction.
[0012] In some embodiments, the respective first solder pad has a rectangular shape, a square shape, a trapezoidal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a triangular shape.
[0013] In some embodiments, a spacing between the corresponding first main busbar and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is not greater than 0.5mm.
[0014] In some embodiments, there is an included angle ranging from 85 degrees to 90 degrees between the respective electrical connection wire and the corresponding first main busbar.
[0015] In some embodiments, the number of the main busbars is 12 to 30.
[0016] Embodiments of the disclosure provide a photovoltaic module which includes at least one cell string, where each of the at least one cell string is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of back-contact solar cells, each of the plurality of back-contact solar cells being the back- contact solar cell described in any embodiment of the disclosure; at least one encapsulation layer each for covering a surface of each of the at least one cell string; and at least one cover plate each for covering a surface of a corresponding encapsulation layer away from the at least one string.
[0017] In some embodiments, each respective cell string is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of half-cut cells formed by back-contact solar cells, where each back-contact solar cell being the back-contact solar cell described in any embodiment of the disclosure.
[0018] Implementing technical solutions of embodiments of the disclosure has the following advantages.
[0019] In the back-contact solar cell provided in embodiments of the present disclosure, when the plurality of main busbars are arranged at intervals in the first direction on the back surface of the substrate, the first main busbars adjacent to the edge of the back surface in the first direction is provided as close to the edge of the back surface as possible, so as to collect edge photo-generated carriers of the edge of the back-contact solar cell as much as possible, ensure the carrier collection capacity of the cell, and reduce the edge loss of the cell. The first solder pads corresponding to each first main busbar are arranged on the side of the first main busbar away from the edge of the back surface in the first direction, so that the spacing between the first solder pad and the edge of the back surface is greater than the spacing between the first main busbar and the edge of the back surface, ensuring the welding effect and aesthetics when welding on the first solder pad, and avoiding component end welding cracks caused by the first solder pad being too close to the edge of the back surface during use of the back-contact solar cell, and avoiding poor appearance caused by that the final welding position is deviated from the region within the cell due to the deviation of the welding wire during welding. By connecting the first solder pad with the first main busbar through the electrical connection wire, it is ensured that the component welded with the back-contact solar cell through the first solder pads can obtain the edge photo-generated carriers collected on the first main busbar, thereby ensuring the carrier utilization rate of the cell. In addition, there is a relatively large spacing between adjacent finger electrodes to avoid insulation problems, and ensure the density of the grid lines on the surface of the cell to be large enough, to improve the carrier collection ability of the finger electrodes and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The width of the electrical connection wire is set within an appropriate range, to prevent the electrical connection wire from being too wide to affect the density of the finger electrodes, to improve the carrier transfer capability of the electrical connection wire, and to reduce the carrier transfer loss.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] One or more embodiments are illustrated by the figures in the corresponding drawings, which are not to be limiting to the embodiments, and the figures in the drawings are not to be limiting to scale unless specifically stated.
[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of main busbars of a back-contact solar cell according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of main busbars of a back-contact solar cell according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG, 3 is a schematic structural view of grid lines of a back-contact solar cell according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of grid lines of a back-contact solar cell according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a partial schematic structural view of grid lines of a back-contact solar cell according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 6 is a partial schematic structural view of grid lines of a back-contact solar cell according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 7 is a structural schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0028] It can be seen from the background technology that in the existing technologies, there is low photoelectric conversion efficiency or poor welding effect in the assembling process in the back-contact solar cell. 5 [0029] Embodiments of the disclosure provide a back-contact solar cell. When a plurality of main busbars are arranged at intervals in a first direction on a back surface of a substrate, first main busbars adjacent to an edge of the back surface in the first direction are provided as close to the edge of the back surface as possible, so as to collect edge photo-generated carriers as much as possible, ensure carrier aggregation capability, and reduce the edge loss of the cell. The first solder pads corresponding to the first main busbar are arranged on the side of the first main busbar away from the edge of the back surface in the first direction, so that the first solder pad is far away from the edge of the back surface, thereby ensuring the welding effect when welding on the first solder pad, and avoiding the problem that the welding crack at the assembly end occurs during the use of the back-contact solar cell due to the first solder pad being too close to the edge of the back surface, and avoiding poor appearance caused by that the final welding position is deviated from the region within the cell due to the deviation of the welding wire during welding. By connecting the first solder pads with the first main busbar through the electrical connection wire, it is ensured that the component welded with the back-contact solar cell can obtain the edge photo-generated carriers collected on the first main busbars, thereby ensuring the carrier utilization rate. In addition, there is a relatively large spacing between adjacent finger electrodes to avoid insulation problems, and ensure the density of the grid lines (electrodes) on the surface of the cell to be large enough, to improve the carrier collection ability of the finger electrodes (secondary grid lines) and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The width of the electrical connection wire is set within an appropriate range, to prevent the electrical connection wire from being too wide to affect the density of the finger electrodes, to improve the carrier transfer capability of the electrical connection wire, and to reduce the carrier transfer loss.
[0030] The embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that, in various embodiments of the disclosure, many technical details are set forth in order to provide the reader with a better understanding of the disclosure. However, the technical solutions claimed in the disclosure may be realized even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of main grid lines (main busbars) adjacent to the edge of a cell in a main grid arrangement direction in a back-contact solar cell. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of main busbars of a back-contact solar cell. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of grid lines (electrodes) of a back-contact solar cell. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the electrodes of a back-contact solar cell including an end bent into an accommodation region. FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic structural view of partial electrodes of region A in the back-contact solar cell. FIG. 6 is another enlarged schematic structural view of partial electrodes of region A in the back-contact solar cell. X direction is a first direction and Y direction is a second direction.
[0032] The back-contact solar cell includes a substrate 101, a plurality of main grid lines (main busbars) 191 arranged at intervals in a first direction on a back surface of the substrate 101, and a plurality of secondary grid lines (finger electrodes) 192 arranged at intervals in a second direction on the back surface of the substrate 101. The plurality of main busbars 191 include a plurality of positive main busbars and a plurality of negative main busbars. The plurality of positive main busbars and the plurality of negative main busbars are alternately arranged in the first direction. The plurality of finger electrodes 192 include a plurality of positive finger electrodes and a plurality of negative finger electrodes. The plurality of positive finger electrodes and the plurality of negative finger electrodes are alternately arranged in the second direction. A spacing between each two adjacent positive finger electrodes is in a range of 8.5mm to 1.2mm and a spacing between each respective positive finger electrode and an adjacent negative finger electrode is in a range of 0.2mm to 0.8mm in the second direction. The plurality of main busbars 191 include at least one first main busbar 102 each extending in the second direction and adjacent to a corresponding edge of the back surface in the first direction. The back-contact solar cell further includes a plurality of first solder pads 103 located on the back surface of the substrate 101 and on a side of the first main busbar 102 away from the edge of the back surface in the first direction, and a plurality of electrical connection wires 104 located on the back surface of the substrate 101. Each respective electrical connection wire 104 has one end connected to a corresponding first main busbar 102 and has an other end connected to a corresponding first solder pad 103. Each respective electrical connection wire 104 has a width in a range of 0.03mm to 0.3mm in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the respective electrical connection wire 104.
[0033] In the plurality of positive main busbars and the plarality of negative main busbars alternately arranged and spaced apart from one another in the first direction on the back surface of the substrate 101, the plurality of positive main busbars are used for converging positive current generated by the back-contact solar cell, and the plurality of negative main busbars are used for converging the negative current generated by the back-contact solar cell. In the plurality of positive finger electrodes and the plurality of negative finger electrodes that are alternately arranged at intervals in the second direction, the plurality of positive finger electrodes are used for collecting positive charge generated by the back-contact solar cell and transferring the positive current to the positive main busbars, and the plurality of negative finger electrodes are used for collecting negative charge generated by the back-contact solar cell and transferring the negative current to the negative main busbars,
[0034] Each main busbar 191 (i.e., the first main busbar 102) adjacent to the edge of the back surface of the substrate 101 in the first direction is called an edge main busbar. The first main busbar 102 corresponding to the edge main busbar is separated from first solder pads 103. The first main busbar 102 can be disposed as close to the adjacent edge of the back surface as possible in the first direction. The first main busbar 102 can converge photo-generated carriers generated by the edge of the cell as much as possible, and improve the photo-generated carrier collection ability to reduce the cell edge loss. Each first solder pad 103 is disposed on the side of a corresponding first main busbar 102 away from the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction, so that the first solder pad 103 can be spaced apart by a spacing from the adjacent edge of the back surface, which facilitates welding on the first solder pad 103 and avoids the problem of poor appearance caused by weld cracks at the assembly end and deviation of the welding position from the cell due to the first solder pad 103 being too close to the adjacent edge of the back surface.
[0035] In the second direction, the spacing between each respective positive finger electrode and an adjacent negative finger electrode refers to a spacing between one side of the respective positive finger electrode facing the adjacent negative finger electrode and one side of the adjacent negative finger electrode facing the respective positive finger electrode. If the spacing between the respective positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode is too small, poor insulation between positive and negative finger electrodes with different polarities may exist, resulting in short circuit of the back-contact solar cell. H the spacing between the respective positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode is too large, the number of finger electrodes 192 that can be provided on the surface of the back-contact solar cell is greatly reduced when a width of the back-contact solar cell in the second direction is the same, thereby resulting in a decrease in the ability of the finger electrodes 192 of the back-contact solar cell to collect the generated photo-generated carriers and a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0036] Therefore, the spacing between each respective positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode in the second direction may be set in the range of 0.2mm to 0.8mm. For example, the spacing between the respective positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode in the second direction may be set to 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.375mm, 0.45mm, 0.55mm, 0.675mm, 0.775mm or the like. By setting the spacing between the positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode in a suitable range, the insulation between the finger electrodes 192 of different polarities is ensured, and the density of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the back-contact solar cell is improved, thereby improving the carrier collection ability of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0037] The finger electrodes 192 are used for collecting carriers, and transferring the carriers to the main busbars 191, and the carrier transfer capability of each respective finger electrodes 192 is associated with the resistance of the respective finger electrode 192. In the second direction, the spacing between each two adjacent positive finger electrodes refers to a spacing between a side of one positive finger electrode of the two positive finger electrodes facing the other positive finger electrode of the two positive finger electrodes and a side of the other positive finger electrode facing the one positive finger electrode. If the spacing between the two adjacent positive finger electrodes is too small, a spacing between one positive finger electrode, a negative finger electrode between the two adjacent positive finger electrodes, and the other positive finger electrode is very small. In order to ensure the insulation between the finger electrodes 192 of different polarities, a width of each respective finger electrode 192 in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the respective finger electrode may be very small, and the resistance of the respective finger electrode 192 may increase, resulting in excessive carrier transmission loss of the finger electrode 192. If the spacing between the two adjacent positive finger electrodes is too large, the number of finger electrodes 192 that can be provided on the surface of the back-contact solar cell is greatly reduced when the width of the back-contact solar cell in the second direction is the same, thereby resulting in a decrease in the ability of the finger electrodes 192 of the back- contact solar cell to collect the generated photo-generated carriers and a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0038] Therefore, the spacing between each two adjacent positive finger electrodes in the second direction may be set in a range of 0.5mm to 1.2mm, for example, the spacing between the two adjacent positive finger electrodes in the second direction may be set to 0.55mm, 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.75mm., 0.8mm, 0.875mm, 0.925mm, Imm, 1.15mm or the like. By setting the spacing between two adjacent positive finger electrodes in a suitable range, the finger electrode 192 is ensured to have an enough width and carrier transport capability, and the density of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the back-contact solar cell is increased, thereby improving the carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0039] In addition, a spacing between each two adjacent negative finger electrodes in the second direction also has a similar effect on the density and the carrier transport capability of the finger electrodes 192, so that the spacing between each two adjacent negative finger electrodes in the second direction can also be set in the range of 0.5mm to 1.2mm.
[0040] The width of each respective electrical connection wire 104 refers to a spacing between two opposite sides of the respective electrical connection wire 104 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the respective electrical connection wire 104. The respective electrical connection wire 104 is used for connecting the corresponding first main busbar 102 with the corresponding first solder pad 103, so that the welded module can obtain edge photo-generated carriers collected on the first main busbar 102, and ensure the carrier utilization rate of the back-contact solar cell.
[0041] The carrier transport capability of the electrical connection wire 104 is related to the material of the electrical connection wire 104 and the width of the electrical connection wire 104 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the electrical connection wire 104.
Under other conditions being consistent, the larger the width of the electrical connection wire 104 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the electrical connection wire 104, the larger a cross section area of the electrical connection wire 104, and the smaller the resistance during carrier transmission. When the width of each electrical connection wire 104 is too small, the carrier transmission capacity of the electrical connection wire 104 is poor, and part of the carriers are accumulated or consumed on the first main busbar 102, so that the back-contact solar cell has large transmission loss due to insufficient carrier transmission capacity of the electrical connection wire 104. In a case where the width of the electrical connection wire 104 is too large, the area of the electrical connection wire 104 covering the surface of the back-contact solar cell is too large, which may easily cause a decrease in the density of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the back-contact solar cell, thereby causing a decrease in the carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192.
[0042] Therefore, the width of each electrical connection wire 104 is set to be in a range of 0.03mm to 0.3mm in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the electrical connection wire 104. For example, the width of the electrical connection wire 104 is set to 0.035mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.075mm, 0.1mm, 0.125mm, 0.15mm, 0.175mm, 0.2mm, 0.22mm, 0.25mm, 0.275mm, etc. By setting the width of the electrical connection wire 104 in an appropriate range, the photo-generated carrier transmission capability of the electrical connection wire 104 and a coverage area and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the finger electrodes 192 of the cell are ensured. In this way, it is possible to avoid the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell is reduced due to insufficient carrier transmission capability of the electrical connection wire 104 and the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell is reduced due to insufficient carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 caused by insufficient coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 due to excessive width of the electrical connection wire 104.
[0043] In addition, the electrical connection wire 104 may include, but is not limited to, metal wires or graphene wires that have good carrier transmission capacity. The material of the metal wire may include, but is not limited to, copper, silver, aluminum, and good conductor alloys.
There is no restriction on the specific type and material of the electrical connection wire 104.
[0044] The substrate 101 is used to receive incident lights and generate photo-generated carriers. In some embodiments, the substrate 101 may be a silicon substrate, and a material of the silicon substrate may include at least one of monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon, or microcrystalline silicon. In other embodiments, the material of the substrate 101 may also be silicon carbide, an organic material, or a multicomponent compound. The multicomponent compound may include, but is not limited to, perovskite, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenium, and the like.
[0045] The first direction X and the second direction Y may be perpendicular to each other, or may have an included angle of less than 90 degrees therebetween. For example, there is an angle of 60 degrees, 45 degrees, or 30 degrees between the first direction X and the second direction Y as long as the first direction X and the second direction Y are not in a same direction.
In order to facilitate explanation and understanding of the disclosure, the first direction X being perpendicular to the second direction Y is taken as an example for illustration. In specific scenarios, the included angle between the first direction X and the second direction Y can be adjusted according to actual needs and scenarios to which the cell is applied, which is not limited in embodiments of the disclosure.
[0046] In some embodiments, the number of main busbars 191 is 12 to 30.
[0047] Each respective main busbar 191 provided on the back surface of the substrate 101 of the back-contact solar cell is used for converging currents of a corresponding polarity according to polarity of the respective main busbar 191, and the number of the main busbars 191 may affect the current collection capability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. When the number of the main busbars 191 is too small, the spacing between the adjacent main busbars 191 is large, and a transmission distance for the finger electrodes 192 to transfer carriers to the main busbars 191 is large, so that the transmission loss is greatly increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell is decreased. When the number of the main busbars 191 is too large, the coverage area of the main busbars 191 on the surface of the back- contact solar cell is greatly increased, thereby causing reduction of the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the back-contact solar cell. Therefore, the ability of the finger electrodes 192 to collect photo-generated carriers generated by the back-contact solar cell is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell is also reduced.
The number of main busbars 191 refers to the sum of the number of positive main busbars and the number of negative main busbars.
[0048] Therefore, the number of main busbars 191 provided on the substrate 101 of the back-contact solar cell can be set in the range of 12 to 30. For example, the number of main busbars 191 may be set to 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24, 27, or 29, or the like. By setting the number of the main busbars 191 within an appropriate range, the transmission distance and transmission loss in the process of the finger electrodes 192 transferring carriers to the main busbars 191 are reduced, while ensuring that the covering area of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the back-contact solar cell is sufficiently large, and the carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 is improved, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0049] In addition, the number of main busbars 191 may be set according to the size of the substrate. For example, 12 main busbars 191 may be alternately provided on the back surface of the substrate 101 to collect currents when the size of the substrate 101 is about 180mm x 210mm. Alternatively, 18 main busbars 191 may be alternately provided on the back surface of the substrate 101 to collect currents when the size of the substrate 101 is about 210mm x 240mm, etc.
Providing a suitable number of main busbars 191 according to the size of the substrate 101 can improve the current collection capability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell, and ensure the degree of electrical isolation between the main busbars 191 of different polarities,
[0050] In some embodiments, the number of positive finger electrodes and/or negative finger electrodes is 200 to 400.
[0051] As described above, the finger electrodes 192 are mainly used for collecting the carriers generated by the back-contact solar cell and transferring the collected carriers to the main busbars 191. The positive finger electrodes and the negative finger electrodes are alternately spaced apart from each other in the second direction, so as to have as good a collection capability for carriers of different polarities as possible. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that there is a sufficient spacing between each positive finger electrode and the adjacent negative finger electrode, so as to improve the insulation between finger electrodes 192 of different polarities.
[0052] Under the condition that specifications (e.g., size) of the cells are consistent, when the number of positive finger electrodes and/or negative finger electrodes on the back surface of the back-contact solar cell is too large, the spacing between each respective positive finger electrode and an adjacent negative finger electrode is difficult to ensure, which leads to the decrease of insulation between finger electrodes 192 of different polarities. Furthermore, when the density of finger electrodes 192 is too large, the preparation cost of the back-contact solar cell may be greatly increased. If the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes on the back surface of the back-contact solar cell is too small, the coverage area and density of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the cell are too small, and the ability of the finger electrodes 192 to collect carriers generated by the back-contact solar cell is reduced, thereby resulting in a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.
[0053] Therefore, the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes on the back surface of the back-contact solar cell may be set in the range of 200 to 400.
For example, the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes may be set to 210, 220, 228, 245, 260, 285, 300, 320, 335, 350, 365, 380, or 400, etc. By setting the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes in an appropriate range, the insulation between the adjacent positive and negative finger electrodes is ensured, and the preparation of the back-contact solar cell is avoided to be too large, so that the coverage area and density of the finger electrodes 192 on the surface of the cell are improved, and further the carrier collection ability of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell are improved.
[0054] In some embodiments, a spacing between each respective first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface is not greater than 0.5mm in the first direction. When the spacing between the first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is not more than 0.5mm, the first main busbar 102 can collect the photo-generated carriers at the edge of the cell with higher efficiency, thereby avoiding the cell edge loss caused by the photo-generated carrier collection loss as much as possible and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell. The function of the first main busbar 102 1s to collect the photo-generated carriers generated at the edge of the cell. Therefore, in order to minimize the loss of the photo-generated carriers, it is necessary to dispose the first main busbar 102 as close as possible to the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction. In the first direction, if the spacing between the respective first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface is greater than 0.5mm, the carrier loss of the first main busbar 102 during collection of the photo-generated carriers is large, thereby causing a large loss of the photo-generated carriers at the edge of the cell. Therefore, during disposing of the first main busbar 102, it is necessary to control the spacing between the first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction within a range of not more than 0.5mm. For example, in the first direction, the spacing between each first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface is set to 0.4mm 0.2mm, 0. Imm, or 0.05mm, or the like.
[0055] In some embodiments, the spacing between each respective first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is in the range of 0.05mm to 0.5mm.
By setting the spacing between the first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction in the above range, the at least one first main busbar 102 is easily manufactured, the difficulty and cost of setting the first main busbar 102 are reduced, and the safety of the first main busbar 102 during the use of the first main busbar 102 can be improved, thereby avoiding the cell edge loss caused by the damage of the first main busbar 102 due to collision at the cell edge. In the first direction, the closer the first main busbar 102 is to the adjacent edge of the back surface, the stronger the ability of the first main busbar 102 to collect the photo- generated carriers is. Therefore, by arranging the first main busbar 102 as close as possible to the adjacent edge of the back surface, the cell edge loss due to the photo-generated carrier collection loss at the edge of the cell can be reduced to the greatest extent. However, since the first main busbar 102 has a width, arranging the first main busbar 102 just at the edge of the back surface is difficult and costly. In addition, after the first main busbar 102 is directly arranged at the adjacent edge of the back surface, when the edge of the cell is damaged or even destroyed due to collision and other reasons, it is very easy to cause the first main busbar 102 to be damaged or broken, thereby reducing the ability of the first main busbar 102 to collect photo-generated carriers at the edge of the cell, and resulting in an increase in the edge loss of the cell. Therefore, it is not only necessary to ensure that the spacing between the first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is not greater than 0.5mm, but also necessary to ensure that the spacing between the first main busbar 102 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is not less than 0.05mm. For example, in the first direction, the first main busbar 102 is disposed at a position spaced apart by a distance of 0.05mm, 0.08mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.35mm, or 0.45mm from the adjacent edge of the back surface.
[0056] In some embodiments, a spacing between each respective first solder pad 103 and the corresponding first main busbar 102 in the first direction is in a range of 0.3mm to Smm. By arranging the first solder pad 103 at a position that is spaced apart by a distance from the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction, the welding effect and the aesthetic degree when welding on the first solder pad 103 are ensured. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the problem of welding crack at the assembly end during the use of the back-contact solar cell caused by too small a spacing between the first solder pad 103 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction, and avoid the problem of poor appearance caused by the final welding position falling outside the cell region due to the deviation of the welding wire. The first solder pad 103 serves as a soldering point for connecting the back-contact solar cell and external components together through welding. Hf the first solder pad 103 is too close to the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction when the external component and the back-contact solar cell are welded through the first solder pads 103, problems such as poor welding effect and poor appearance at the welding point are prone to occur in the welding process. Therefore, in order to avoid problems of welding effect and poor appearance at welding points, when the first solder pads 103 are arranged, each first solder pad 103 is provided on a side of the first main busbar 102 away from an adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction and is spaced apart from the corresponding first main busbar 102 by 0.3mm to Smm. For example, each first solder pad 103 1s spaced apart by 0.5mm, 0.8mm, Imm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, or 4.5 mm from the corresponding first main busbar 102.
[0057] In some embodiments, the back-contact solar cell further includes at least one second main busbar 105. Each respective second main busbar 105 extends in the second direction and is adjacent to a corresponding first main busbar 102 in the first direction. In the first direction, a spacing between the respective first solder pad 103 and an adjacent second main busbar 105 is in arange of 7mm to 14mm.
[0058] Each second main busbar 105 is adjacent to the first main busbar 102 in the first direction and extends along the second direction. The main busbars 191 of the back-contact solar cell are all provided on the back surface of the substrate 101 and are alternately provided in the first direction according to polarities of the main busbars 191. Therefore, two adjacent main busbars in the first direction are main busbars 191 having opposite polarities, that is, one of the two adjacent main busbars is a positive main busbar and the other of the two adjacent main busbars is a negative main busbar. Therefore, it is also necessary to consider a positional relationship between each first solder pad 103 and the second main busbar 105 adjacent to the first main busbar 102, to dispose the first solder pad 103 on the side of the second main busbar 105 near the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction, and to set a spacing between the first solder pad 103 and the second main busbar 105 in the first direction to be in a range of 7mm to 14mm, e.g., 7.5mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12.5mm, or 13mm.
[0059] It can be understood that in the case where the spacing between each first solder pad 103 and the adjacent second main busbar 105 in the first direction is less than 7mm, the first solder pad 103 easily causes a decrease in the degree of electrical isolation between the two main busbar lines of different polarities. A main busbar may be easily susceptible to electrical interference caused by an adjacent main busbar 191 having different polarities during operation.
Moreover, if the spacing between the first solder pad 103 and the adjacent second main busbar 105 in the first direction is too small, when welding performed on the first solder pad 103, welding paste may overflow onto the second main busbar 105 to enable the first solder pad 103 to be connected to the second main busbar 105, thereby causing short circuit by directly connecting the first main busbar 102 and the second main busbar 105 of different polarities. When the spacing between the first solder pad 103 and the second main busbar 105 in the first direction is greater than 14mm, the spacing between the second main busbar 105 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is too large, and a spacing between second main busbar lines 105 in the first direction is too small, thereby resulting in a decrease in the number of main busbars 191 that can be provided on the back surface of the substrate, a decrease in the carrier collection capability of the main busbars 191, and a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0060] Therefore, by setting the spacing between each first solder pad 103 and the adjacent second main busbar 105 to be in the range of 7mm to 14mm in the first direction, it is possible to improve the degree of electrical isolation between the first main busbar 102 and the second main busbar 105, avoid electrical interference between the main busbars 191 of different polarities caused by too small a spacing between the first solder pad 103 and the adjacent second main busbar 105 in the first direction, and avoid short circuit caused by direct connection of the main busbars 191 of different polarities when soldering being performed on the first solder pad 103. Moreover, it is also possible to avoid a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell due to a decrease in the total number of main busbars 191 that can be provided on the back surface of the substrate when the spacing between each first solder pad 103 and the adjacent second main busbar 105 is too large in the first direction.
[0061] In some embodiments, each first solder pad 103 has a rectangular shape, a square shape, a trapezoidal shape, a circular shape. an elliptical shape, or a triangular shape. Since the shape of the first solder pad 103 affects the welding effect during the use of the back-contact solar cell, the shape of the first solder pad 103 can be selected according to the requirements of the components to be connected for the current at the welding position and the contact effect. For example, in a scenario where the stability of the joint at the welding position needs to be ensured as much as possible, the first solder pad 103 may be set to have a triangular shape. In a scenario where a maximum soldering area is required, the first solder pad 103 may be set to have a circular shape. Therefore, according to specific actual scenarios in which the back-contact solar cell is applied, a suitable shape can be selected from the rectangular shape, the square shape, the trapezoidal shape, the circular shape, the elliptical shape, or the triangular shape to determine the shape of the first solder pad 103, thereby ensuring that the back-contact solar cell can meet the use requirements of various scenarios, ensuring the welding effect, and improving the universality and adaptability of the back-contact solar cell being applied.
[0062] In some embodiments, each first solder pad 103 has a maximum length in a range of 0.3mm to 3mm in the first direction and has a maximum length in a range of 0.3mm to 3mm in the second direction. By limiting the size of the first solder pad 103 within the above range, the welding effect when welding on the first solder pad 103 is improved, and the covering area of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell are guaranteed. In this way, it is possible to avoid problems of large welding difficulty and poor welding effect caused by the size of the first solder pad 103 being too small, and also avoids the problems that the coverage area of the finger electrodes of the back-contact solar cell is reduced due to the size of the first solder pad 103 being too large, and also avoid problems of that the photoelectric carrier collection ability is reduced due to the reduction of the coverage area of the finger electrodes, the carrier utilization rate is low, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell is reduced.
[0063] It is to be understood that the maximum lengths of the first solder pad 103 in different directions are related to the shape of the first solder pad 103. In the case where the first solder pad 103 is in a shape of a triangle, the maximum length of the first solder pad 103 in the first direction is an edge length of a longest edge of the triangle. and the maximum length of the first solder pad 103 in the second direction is a maximum height between heights corresponding to different edges of the triangle. In the case where the first solder pad 103 is in a shape of a rectangle, the maximum length of the first solder pad 103 in the first direction is an edge length of a longest edge of the rectangle, or the maximum length of the first solder pad 103 in the second direction is an edge length of the longest edge of the rectangle. In the case where the first solder pad 103 is in a shape of a circle, the maximum lengths of the first solder pad 103 in the first direction and in the second direction both refer to diameters of the first solder pad 103. In the case where the first solder pad 103 is in a shape of an irregular polygon, each of the maximum lengths of the first solder pad 103 in the first direction and the second direction is a maximum length at which any two points on edges of the first solder pad 103 are connected.
[0064] Since the size of the solder pad also affects the welding effect and the working efficiency of the back-contact solar cell, it is necessary to set a suitable pad size. The first solder pad 103 is set to have a maximum length of 0.3mm to 3mm in the first direction and have a maximum length of 8.3mm to 3mm in the second direction. For example, the first solder pad 103 is set to have a rectangular or circular shape with a maximum length of 0.5mm in the first direction and a maximum length of 0.5mm in the second direction. Alternatively, the first solder pad 103 is set to be in a shape of a right triangle having a maximum length of 0.5mm in the first direction and a maximum length of 0.4mm in the second direction.
[0065] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, an angle between each electrical connection wire 104 and the corresponding first main busbar 102 ís in a range of 85 degrees to 90 degrees. The angle between the electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102 is set to 85 degrees to 90 degrees, which is beneficial to reduce the length of the electrical connection wire 104 connecting the first main busbar 102 and the first solder pad 103 as much as possible, thereby reducing the influence of the electrical connection wires 104 on the arranging and coverage of the finger electrodes 192, and ensuring the photo-generated carrier collection efficiency of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0066] The electrical connection wire 104 is located on the back surface of the substrate 101 and has an included angle of 90 degrees with the first main busbar 102 for connecting the first solder pad 103 and the first main busbar 102. During connecting of the first solder pad 103 and the first main busbar 102, the electrical connection wire 104 may occupy a surface area of the back surface of the substrate 101 that can be used for arranging the finger electrodes 192. The larger the included angle between the electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102, the larger the length of the electrical connection wire 104 and the larger the surface area of the back surface of the substrate 101 occupied by the electrical connection wire 104. Thereby, the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 of the back-contact solar cell decreases, and the ability of the finger electrodes 192 to collect photo-generated carriers generated by illumination decreases. Based on the spacing calculation formula between two points, when the included angle between the electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102 is 90 degrees, the length of the electrical connection wire 104 is the shortest, and the area of the back surface of the substrate 101 can be occupied as little as possible. Compared to the included angle between the electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102 being in a range of 85 degrees to 90 degrees, when the included angle between the electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102 is less than 85 degrees, the extension line of the electrical connection wire 104 may intersect with the extension lines of more peripheral finger electrodes 192, which may affect the arrangement of more finger electrodes 192 on the back surface of the substrate 101, resulting in a decrease in the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 of the back-contact solar cell. Therefore, the photo- generated carrier collection capacity of the cell may be reduced and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell may be affected. Therefore, during arrangement of the electrical connection wires 104, the included angle between each electrical connection wire 104 and the first main busbar 102 is set to 85.5 degrees, 86 degrees, 87.5 degrees, 89 degrees, 90 degrees, or the like.
[0067] In some embodiments, the plurality of finger electrodes 192 include a plurality of first finger electrodes 106, where each respective first finger electrode 106 extends in the first direction and is connected to a corresponding first solder pad 103, and is spaced apart from an adjacent edge of the back surface by a spacing less than a spacing between the corresponding first solder pad 103 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction. The back-contact solar cell further includes a plurality of accommodation regions 107 located on the back surface of the substrate 101, where each respective accommodation region 107 is a semi-enclosed region surrounded by a corresponding first solder pad 103, a corresponding first finger electrode 106, and a corresponding electrical connection wire 104. The plurality of finger electrodes 192 further include a plurality of second finger electrodes 108. Each respective second finger electrode 108 is adjacent to a corresponding first finger electrode 106 and located on a side of the corresponding first finger electrode 106 away from the corresponding first solder pad 103 in the second direction, and the respective second finger electrode 108 has an end adjacent to the corresponding first solder pad 103 and bent into the respective accommodation region 107.
[0068] In the first direction, the first main busbar 102 corresponding to each edge main busbar adjacent to the edge of the back surface is connected to a plurality of rectangular first solder pads 103 through the plurality of electrical connection wires 104. The plurality of finger electrodes 192 each extend in the first direction on the back surface of the substrate 101, are spaced apart from one another in the second direction and are respectively connected to a main busbar 191 of a corresponding polarity. Each first finger electrode 106 extends in the first direction and is connected to the corresponding first solder pad 103, and continues to extend in the first direction after being connected to the corresponding first solder pad 103 until it is close to a side of the adjacent edge of the back surface of the first solder pad 103. A spacing between each first finger electrode 106 and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction is smaller than the spacing between the corresponding first solder pad 103 and the adjacent edge of the back surface.
[0069] By extending each first finger electrode 106 in the first direction closer to the edge of the back surface adjacent to the corresponding first solder pad 103 than the corresponding first solder pad 103, the coverage area of the first finger electrodes 106 is increased, and thus, the photo-generated carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 having the same polarity as the first finger electrode 106 is improved. After each first finger electrode 106 is extended in the first direction, the semi-enclosed accommodation region 107 is formed between the first finger electrode 106, the electrical connection wire 104, the first main busbar 102, and the first solder pad 103. In order to increase the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 on the back surface of the substrate 101, the plurality of finger electrodes 192 further include a plurality of second finger electrodes 108. Each respective second finger electrode 108 is adjacent to the corresponding first finger electrode 106 and located on the side of the corresponding first finger electrode 106 away from the first solder pad 103 in the second direction, and the end of the respective second finger electrode 108 adjacent to the corresponding first solder pad 103 is bent into the accommodation region 107, thereby increasing the coverage area of the second finger electrodes 108 and further improving the carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 having the same polarity as the second finger electrode 108. By extending each first finger electrode 106 as far as possible in the first direction and bending one end of each second finger electrode 108 into the accommodation region 107, the covering area of the finger electrodes 192 on the back surface of the substrate 101 is increased, thereby improving the carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
In addition, by bending the one end of each second finger electrode 108 into the corresponding accommodation region 107, the overall covering area of the finger electrodes of the back surface of the substrate 101 is made as large as possible, and the photo-generated carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 is improved, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0070] It is to be noted that during bending of each respective second finger electrode 108 into the corresponding accommodation region 107, a bending portion of the respective second finger electrode 108 can be set as a one-section-type bent portion, and the bending portion can be directly bent into the corresponding accommodation region 107 in a hook shape according to an angle. The bending portion may also be provided as a combination of a plurality of sections of folding portions, each of the plurality of sections of folding portions is folded at an angle, and the end point of the last folding portion is located as close to the first solder pad 103 as possible in the accommodation region 107. In the specific implementation, the bending portion of each second finger electrode 108 may be determined as required, there is no restriction on the specific bending manner of the bending portion.
[0071] In some embodiments, the respective second finger electrode 108 includes a main section 1081 adjacent to the corresponding first finger electrode 106 and located outside the corresponding accommodation region 107, a first bending section 1082, and a second bending section 1083. The first bending section 1082 has one end connected with one end of the main section 1081 near the accommodation region 107, and extends into the corresponding accommodation region 107 in the second direction. The second bending section 1083 has one end connected to the other end of the first bending section 1082 in the corresponding accommodation region 107, and extends in the first direction.
[0072] The respective second finger electrode 108 includes the main section 1081 adjacent to the first finger electrode 106 and located outside the corresponding accommodation region 107. In order to facilitate the bending portion to be provided in the corresponding accommodation region 107, one end of the main section 1081 needs to extend in the first direction to be closer to the edge of the back surface adjacent to the first solder pad 103 to which the first finger electrode 106 is connected than the first finger electrode 106. One end of the first bending section 1082 is connected with the main section 1081, and the other end of the first bending section 1082 extends into the corresponding accommodation region 107 in the second direction. By using the first bending section 1082 to fully occupy a part of the accommodation region 107 between the main section 1081 and the electrical connection wire 104, the coverage area of the finger electrode 192 in the accommodation region 107 can be increased, thereby improving the photo-generated carrier collection capacity of the second finger electrode 108. A first end of the second bending section 1083 is connected with the first bending section 1082, a second end of the second bending section 1083 extends along the first direction and is located in the corresponding accommodation region 107, and the second end can be as close to the first solder pad 103 as possible. Therefore, by using the second bending section 1083 to fully occupy a part of the accommodation region 107 between the first bending section 1082 and the first solder pad 103, the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 in the corresponding accommodation region 107 and the photo-generated carrier collection capacity of the second finger electrode 108 can be improved. By providing the first bending section 1082 and the second bending section 1083 of the second finger electrode 108 with a zigzag structure bent into the accommodation region 107, the second finger electrode 108 can cover the accommodation region 107 as much as possible to improve the photo-generated carrier collection capability of the second finger electrode 108. In addition, the accommodation region 107 not covered with the finger electrode 192 is covered as much as possible with the finger electrode 192, to improve the coverage area of the finger electrodes 192 of the back-contact solar cell as a whole, thereby improving the photo-generated carrier collection capability of the finger electrodes 192 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell.
[0073] In some embodiments, an end of the second finger electrode 108 located within the corresponding accommodation region 107 is spaced apart by 0.05mm to 0.4mm from the corresponding first solder pad 103 in the first direction.
[0074] The end of the second finger electrode 108 located in the corresponding accommodation region 107 is a first end of the second finger electrode 108. In order to increase the coverage area of the finger electrode in the accommodation region 107 as much as possible, the first end of the second finger electrode 108 is disposed as close as possible to the first solder pad 103 during disposing of the bent portion of the second finger electrode 108. However, in the first direction, when a spacing between the first end of the second finger electrode 108 and the corresponding first solder pad 103 is less than 0.05mm, the spacing between the first end of the second finger electrode 108 and the corresponding first solder pad 103 is too small. Since polarities of the second finger electrode 108 and the main busbar 191 connected to the first solder pad 103 are opposite, electrical interference may occur between the second finger electrode 108 and the main busbar 191 connected to the first solder pad 103, thereby interfering with the operation of the second finger electrode 108 and the main busbar 191 connected to the first solder pad 103 and reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell. In the first direction, when the spacing between the first end of the second finger electrode 108 and the first solder pad 103 is greater than 0.4mm, the spacing between the first end of the second finger electrode 108 and the first solder pad 103 is sufficiently far, so that no electrical interference occurs between the second finger electrode 108 and the main busbar connected to the first solder pad 103. However, a large part of the accommodation region 107 may not be covered by the second finger electrode 108, and the covering area of the finger electrodes 192 on the back surface of the substrate 101 may decrease, thereby resulting in a decrease in the photo-generated carrier collection capability of the finger electrode 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell. Moreover, the photo-generated carrier collection efficiency in the uncovered region is low and the loss is large, and the carrier collection capacity of the second finger electrode 108 also does not reach the optimum.
[0075] Therefore, the spacing between the first end on the bending portion of the second finger electrode 108 and the corresponding first solder pad 103 in the first direction can be set to be in the range of 0.05mm to 0.4mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.35mm, etc., to ensure the electrical isolation between the second finger electrode 108 and the first solder pad 103, and ensure the coverage area and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the finger electrodes 192 of the back-contact solar cell. Therefore, it is possible to avoid electrical interference between the second finger electrode 108 and the main busbar 191 connected to the first solder pad 103 due to the first end of the second finger electrode 108 being too close to the first solder pad 103, and avoid a decrease in the photo-generated carrier collection capacity of the finger electrode 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the back-contact solar cell caused by a decrease in the coverage area of the finger electrode 192 due to the existence of a large region in the accommodation region 107 not covered by the finger electrode 192.
[0076] Therefore, in the back-contact solar cell provided in embodiment of the present disclosure, when the main busbars 191 are arranged in the first direction on the back surface of the substrate 101, the first main busbar 102 adjacent to the edge of the back surface in the first direction is provided as close to the edge of the back surface as possible, so as to converge edge photo-generated carriers as much as possible and reduce the edge loss of the cell. The first solder pads 103 corresponding to the first main busbar 102 are arranged on the side of the first main busbar 102 away from the edge of the back surface in the first direction, so that each first solder pad 103 is far away from the edge of the back surface, thereby ensuring the welding effect when welding being performed on the first solder pad 103, and avoiding the problem that the welding crack at the assembly end occurs during the use of the back-contact solar cell due to the first solder pad 103 being too close to the edge of the back surface, and avoiding poor appearance caused by that the final welding position is deviated from the cell region due to the deviation of the welding wire during welding. By connecting the first solder pad 103 with the first main busbar 102 through the electrical connection wire 104, it is ensured that the component welded with the back-contact solar cell can obtain the edge photo-generated carriers collected on the first main busbar 102, thereby ensuring the carrier utilization rate. In addition, there is a relatively large spacing between adjacent finger electrodes 192 to avoid insulation problems, and ensure the density of the electrodes on the surface of the cell to be large enough, to improve the carrier collection ability of the finger electrodes 192 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The width of the electrical connection wire 104 is set within an appropriate range, to prevent the electrical connection wire 104 from being too wide to affect the density of the finger electrodes 192, to improve the carrier transfer capability of the electrical connection wire 104, and to reduce the carrier transfer loss.
[0077] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a photovoltaic module. Referring to FIG. 7, the photovoltaic module includes: at least one cell string each formed by connecting a plurality of back-contact solar cells 110 provided by the above embodiments, at least one encapsulation layer 120 each used for covering a surface of each of the at least one cell string, and at least one cover plate 130 each used for covering a surface of a corresponding encapsulation layer 120 away from the at least one cell string.
[0078] In some embodiments, the back-contact solar cells 110 are electrically connected in a monolithic (whole-cell) form to form a plurality of cell strings, and the plurality of cell strings are electrically connected in series and/or in parallel.
[0079] In some embodiments, each cell string is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of half-cut cells formed by back-contact solar cells 110.
[0080] Before constructing the cell string, the obtained back-contact solar cell 110 may be sliced, for example, by bisecting the back-contact solar cell 110 in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the main busbar 191 to form two half-cut cells, then the obtained half-cells are arranged in a certain order, and are connected in series and/or in parallel to form the cell string.
[0081] According to Ohm's law, the solar cell interconnection electrical loss is proportional to the square of the current. After cutting the cell into two half-cut cells, the current of the sliced cells is reduced by half, and the electrical loss is also reduced to a quarter of the full-size cell loss. Therefore, by using half-cut cells to construct the cell string, the electrical loss of the cell string is greatly reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved.
[0082] In addition, after slicing the cell, the size of the cell is correspondingly reduced, which is more suitable for forming photovoltaic modules with different sizes and shapes, and improves the adaptability of the photovoltaic modules.
[0083] In addition, during constructing of the cell string, not only the back-contact solar cell 110 can be bisected to form a half-cut cell, but also a three-slice cell, a four-slice cell, an eight- slice cell, ete. can be formed by splitting (slicing). There is no restriction on the slice mode and specific specifications of the slice cells used in constructing the cell string.
[0084] In some embodiments, the plurality of cell strings may be electrically connected with one another through conductive strips 140. The at least one encapsulation layer 120 covers both the front surface and the back surface of the solar cell 110. Specifically, the encapsulation layer 120 may be an organic encapsulation adhesive film, such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive film, a polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE) adhesive film, or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) adhesive film. In some embodiments, the cover plate 130 may be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or the like having a light transmitting function.
Specifically, a surface of the cover plate 130 facing the encapsulation layer 120 may be a concave- convex surface, thereby increasing utilization of incident light.
[0085] The foregoing embodiments of the disclosure is disclosed as preferred embodiments, but the foregoing embodiments is not used to limit the claims. Any person skilled in the art can make some possible changes and modifications without departing from the concept of the disclosure. The scope of protection shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims of the disclosure.
[0086] Those skilled in the art should appreciate that the embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing the disclosure. In practice, however, various changes may be made in the forms and details of the specific embodiments. Any person skilled in the art may make their own changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the disclosure, so the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (16)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Zonnecel met achtercontact, omvattende: een substraat (101) met een achteroppervlak; een veelheid van hoofdspanningsrails (191) die in intervallen in een eerste richting (X) op het achteroppervlak zijn opgesteld en een veelheid van vingerelektroden (192) die in intervallen in een tweede richting (Y) op het achteroppervlak zijn opgesteld, waarbij de veelheid van hoofdspanningsrails (191) een veelheid van positieve hoofdspanningsrails en een veelheid van negatieve hoofdspanningsrails omvat die afwisselend in de eerste richting (X) zijn opgesteld, en de veelheid van vingerelektroden (192) een veelheid van positieve vingerelektroden en een veelheid van negatieve vingerelektroden omvat die afwisselend in de tweede richting (Y) zijn opgesteld, waarbij elke twee aangrenzende positieve vingerelektroden op een afstand van 0,5 mm tot 1,2 mm van elkaar in de tweede richting zijn geplaatst en elke respectieve positieve vingerelektrode op een afstand van 0,2 mm tot 0.8 mm van een aangrenzende negatieve vingerelektrode in de tweede richting is geplaatst; waarbij de veelheid van hoofdspanningsrails (191) ten minste één eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) omvat, waarbij elk van de ten minste ene hoofdspanningsrail (102) zich uitstrekt in de tweede richting (Y) en aangrenzend aan een overeenkomstige rand van het achteroppervlak in de eerste richting (X) is gelegen; een veelheid van eerste soldeervlakjes (103), waarbij elk respectief eerste soldeervlakje (103) van de veelheid van eerste soldeervlakjes (103) zich bevindt op het achteroppervlak en op een zijde van een overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (101) die afgekeerd is van de overeenkomstige rand van het achteroppervlak in de eerste richting (X); en een veelheid van elektrische verbindingsdraden (104) die zich bevinden op het achteroppervlak, waarbij elke respectieve elektrische verbindingsdraad (104) één uiteinde heeft dat is verbonden met de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) en een ander uiteinde heeft dat is verbonden met een overeenkomstig eerste soldeervlakje (103), en een breedte heeft in een traject van 0,03 mm tot 0,3 mm in een richting die loodrecht staat op een uitstrekrichting van de respectieve elektrische verbindingsdraad (104).A back contact solar cell comprising: a substrate (101) having a back surface; a plurality of main voltage rails (191) arranged at intervals in a first direction (X) on the rear surface and a plurality of finger electrodes (192) arranged at intervals in a second direction (Y) on the rear surface, the plurality of main voltage rails (191) includes a plurality of main positive voltage rails and a plurality of main negative voltage rails arranged alternately in the first direction (X), and the plurality of finger electrodes (192) includes a plurality of positive finger electrodes and a plurality of negative finger electrodes arranged alternately in the second direction (Y), with each two adjacent positive finger electrodes spaced 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm apart in the second direction and each respective positive finger electrode spaced 0.2 mm apart up to 0.8 mm from an adjacent negative finger electrode in the second direction; wherein the plurality of main power rails (191) includes at least one first main power rail (102), each of the at least one main power rail (102) extending in the second direction (Y) and adjacent to a corresponding edge of the rear surface in the first direction (X) is located; a plurality of first solder pads (103), each respective first solder pad (103) of the plurality of first solder pads (103) being located on the back surface and on a side of a corresponding first main power rail (101) facing away from the corresponding edge from the back surface in the first direction (X); and a plurality of electrical bonding wires (104) located on the rear surface, each respective electrical bonding wire (104) having one end connected to the corresponding first main busbar (102) and another end connected to a corresponding first solder pad (103), and has a width in a range of 0.03 mm to 0.3 mm in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the respective electrical connection wire (104). 2. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de veelheid van vingerelektroden (192) een veelheid van eerste vingerelektroden (106) omvat, waarbij elke respectieve eerste vingerelektrode (106) zich uitstrekt in de eerste richting (X) en is verbonden met een respectief eerste soldeervlakje (103), en op een afstand van een aangrenzende rand van het achteroppervlak is geplaatst die kleiner is dan een afstand tussen het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) en de aangrenzende rand van het achteroppervlak in de eerste richting (X);The back contact solar cell of claim 1, wherein the plurality of finger electrodes (192) includes a plurality of first finger electrodes (106), each respective first finger electrode (106) extending in the first direction (X) and connected to a respective first solder pad (103), and is placed at a distance from an adjacent edge of the back surface that is less than a distance between the respective first solder pad (103) and the adjacent edge of the back surface in the first direction (X); waarbij de zonnecel met achtercontact verder een veelheid van opnamegebieden (107) omvat die zich op het achteroppervlak bevinden, waarbij elk respectief opnamegebied (107) een halfgesloten gebied is dat wordt omgeven door het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103), de respectieve eerste vingerelektrode (106) en de respectieve elektrische verbindingsdraad (104); en de veelheid van vingerelektroden (192) verder een veelheid van tweede vingerelektroden (108) omvat, waarbij elke respectieve tweede vingerelektrode (108) aangrenzend aan de respectieve eerste vingerelektrode (106) is gelegen en zich aan een zijde van de respectieve eerste vingerelektrode (106) bevindt die afgekeerd is van het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) in de tweede richting (Y), en waarbij de respectieve tweede vingerelektrode (108) een uiteinde heeft dat aangrenzend aan het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) is gelegen en in het respectieve opnamegebied (107) is gebogen.wherein the back contact solar cell further comprises a plurality of recording areas (107) located on the back surface, each respective recording area (107) being a semi-closed area surrounded by the respective first solder pad (103), the respective first finger electrode (106) ) and the respective electrical connecting wire (104); and the plurality of finger electrodes (192) further includes a plurality of second finger electrodes (108), each respective second finger electrode (108) being located adjacent to the respective first finger electrode (106) and on a side of the respective first finger electrode (106) ) facing away from the respective first solder pad (103) in the second direction (Y), and wherein the respective second finger electrode (108) has an end located adjacent to the respective first solder pad (103) and in the respective recording area (107) is bent. 3. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het uiteinde van de respectieve tweede vingerelektrode (108) die zich in het respectieve opnamegebied (107) bevindt op een afstand van 0,05 mm tot 0,4 mm van het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) in de eerste richting (X) is geplaatst.A back contact solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the end of the respective second finger electrode (108) located in the respective recording area (107) is at a distance of 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm from the respective first solder pad (103 ) is placed in the first direction (X). 4. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens conclusie 2, waarbij de respectieve tweede vingerelektrode (108) omvat: een hoofdsectie (1081) die aangrenzend aan de respectieve eerste vingerelektrode (106) is gelegen en zich buiten het respectieve opnamegebied (107) bevindt: een eerste buigsectie (1082), waarbij de eerste buigsectie (1082) één uiteinde heeft dat is verbonden met één uiteinde van de hoofdsectie (1081) nabij het respectieve opnamegebied (107), en zich uitstrekt in het respectieve opnamegebied (107) in de tweede richting (Y); en een tweede buigsectie (1083), waarbij de tweede buigsectie (1083) één uiteinde heeft dat is verbonden met een ander uiteinde van de eerste buigsectie (1082) die zich bevindt in het respectieve opnamegebied (107), en zich uitstrekt in de eerste richting (X).The back contact solar cell of claim 2, wherein the respective second finger electrode (108) comprises: a main section (1081) located adjacent to the respective first finger electrode (106) and located outside the respective recording area (107): a first bending section (1082), wherein the first bending section (1082) has one end connected to one end of the main section (1081) near the respective receiving area (107), and extending into the respective receiving area (107) in the second direction (Y ); and a second bending section (1083), the second bending section (1083) having one end connected to another end of the first bending section (1082) located in the respective receiving area (107), and extending in the first direction (X). 5. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 4, waarbij het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) op een afstand van 0,3 mm tot 5 mm van de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) in de eerste richting (X) is geplaatst.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective first solder pad (103) is spaced from 0.3 mm to 5 mm from the corresponding first main voltage rail (102) in the first direction (X) is placed. 6. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 5, waarbij het aantal van de positieve vingerelektroden en/of de negatieve vingerelektroden 200 tot 400 is.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of the positive finger electrodes and/or the negative finger electrodes is 200 to 400. 7. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 6, waarbij de zonnecel met achtercontact verder ten minste één tweede hoofdspanningsrail (105) omvat, waarbij elke respectieve tweede hoofdspanningsrail (103) zich uitstrekt in de tweede richting (Y) en aangrenzend aan de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) in de eerste richting (X) 1s gelegen; en het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) op een afstand van 7 mm tot 14mm van een overeenkomstige tweede hoofdspanningsrail (105) in de eerste richting (X) is geplaatst.The back contact solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the back contact solar cell further comprises at least one second main power rail (105), each respective second main power rail (103) extending in the second direction (Y) and located adjacent to the corresponding first main power rail (102) in the first direction (X) 1s; and the respective first solder pad (103) is placed at a distance of 7 mm to 14 mm from a corresponding second main voltage rail (105) in the first direction (X). 8. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 7, waarbij het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) in de eerste richting (X) een maximale lengte heeft in een traject van 0,3 mm tot 3 mm en in de tweede richting (Y) een maximale lengte heeft in een traject van 0,3 mm tot 3 mm.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the respective first solder pad (103) has a maximum length in the first direction (X) in a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm and in the second direction (Y) has a maximum length in a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm. 9. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 8, waarbij er een ingesloten hoek variërend van 85 graden tot 90 graden is tussen de respectieve elektrische verbindingsdraad (104) en de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102).A back contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein there is an included angle ranging from 85 degrees to 90 degrees between the respective electrical connection wire (104) and the corresponding first main busbar (102). 10. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 9, waarbij het aantal van de hoofdspanningsrails 12 tot 30 is.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the number of main voltage rails is 12 to 30. LI. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 10, waarbij het respectieve eerste soldeervlakje (103) een rechthoekige vorm, een vierkante vorm, een trapeziumvorm, een cirkelvorm, een elliptische vorm of een driehoekige vorm heeft.LI. Back contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the respective first solder pad (103) has a rectangular shape, a square shape, a trapezoidal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape or a triangular shape. 12. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 11, waarbij elke twee aangrenzende negatieve vingerelektroden in de tweede richting (Y) op een afstand van 0,5 mm tot 1,2 mm van elkaar zijn geplaatst.A back contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each two adjacent negative finger electrodes are spaced from each other by 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm in the second direction (Y). 13. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 12, waarbij een afstand tussen de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) en een aangrenzende rand van het achteroppervlak in de eerste richting (X) niet groter is dan 0,5 mm.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a distance between the corresponding first main busbar (102) and an adjacent edge of the rear surface in the first direction (X) does not exceed 0.5 mm. 14. Zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 13, waarbij een afstand tussen de overeenkomstige eerste hoofdspanningsrail (102) en een aangrenzende rand van het achteroppervlak in de eerste richting (X) in het traject ligt van 0,05 mm tot 0,5 mm.A rear contact solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a distance between the corresponding first main busbar (102) and an adjacent edge of the rear surface in the first direction (X) is in the range of 0.05 mm up to 0.5mm. IS. Fotovoltaïsche module, omvattende:IS. Photovoltaic module, including: ten minste één celstreng, waarbij elk van de ten minste ene celstreng is gevormd door het elektrisch verbinden van een veelheid van zonnecellen met achtercontact (110), waarbij elk van de veelheid van zonnecellen met achtercontact de zonnecel met achtercontact volgens een van de conclusies 1 tot en met 14 is; elk ten minste één inkapselingslaag (120) voor het bedekken van een oppervlak van elk van de ten minste ene celstreng; en elk ten minste één afdekplaat (130) voor het bedekken van een oppervlak van een overeenkomstige inkapselingslaag (120) dat afgekeerd is van de ten minste ene streng.at least one cell string, each of the at least one cell string being formed by electrically connecting a plurality of back contact solar cells (110), each of the plurality of back contact solar cells being the back contact solar cell of any one of claims 1 to and with is 14; each at least one encapsulation layer (120) for covering a surface of each of the at least one cell strand; and each at least one cover plate (130) for covering a surface of a corresponding encapsulant layer (120) facing away from the at least one strand. 16. Fotovoltaische module volgens conclusie 15, waarbij elke respectieve celstreng is gevormd door het elektrisch verbinden van een veelheid van halfdoorgesneden cellen die zijn gevormd door zonnecellen met achtercontact.A photovoltaic module according to claim 15, wherein each respective cell string is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of half-cut cells formed by back-contact solar cells.
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