NL2032270B1 - Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission - Google Patents
Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission Download PDFInfo
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- NL2032270B1 NL2032270B1 NL2032270A NL2032270A NL2032270B1 NL 2032270 B1 NL2032270 B1 NL 2032270B1 NL 2032270 A NL2032270 A NL 2032270A NL 2032270 A NL2032270 A NL 2032270A NL 2032270 B1 NL2032270 B1 NL 2032270B1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 27
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Abstract
Apparatus for monitoring integrity of a bearing wherein the bearing rotatably supports a rotation shaft, the apparatus comprising an Acoustic Emission, AE; sensor disposed at a first location on a surface of the bearing and arranged to receive an AE signal from the bearing and to output a recorded signal based on the received AE signal; processing means arranged to receive and process the recorded signal by accounting for frequencydependent wave propagation effects inside the bearning and transfer function of the transducers, and to output a processed signal based on said processing of the recorded signal, damage type, determining means arranged to compare the processed signal with a reference signal, and to output a damage type signal based on said comparison, and integrity determining means arranged to receive the damage type signal, a scaling parameter corresponding to the received damage type signal and to output a bearing integrity index based on the received damage type signal and the scaling parameter.
Description
Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission
The invention relates to a method for monitoring integrity of low-speed bearings based on acoustic emissions. The invention further relates to an apparatus for monitoring integrity of low speed bearings based on acoustic emissions.
Highly-loaded low-speed roller bearings typically form crucial connections in offshore installations. Notable examples of these are slew and sheave bearings in offshore heavy-lifting cranes. As these structures are held to the highest standards of safety and reliability, due to the remote nature of the offshore environment, assurance of the integrity of those critical roller bearings is of special concern. Conventional methods for condition monitoring of roller bearings, i.e. vibration monitoring and strain monitoring, are known to perform poorly in low-speed applications.
Acoustic emission (AE) is referred to the physical principle that development of degradation is associated with the release of high-frequency elastic energy in the material system. Various applications of AE for monitoring damage in different fields have been successfully reported so far, e.g. for steel bridges, concrete structures, and composite laminates. AE signals propagates through the material in the form of elastic stress waves.
In roller bearings, these waves radiate from the source event inside the bearing, propagate through the raceways, are transmitted through the interfaces between the rollers and raceways, and also partly through the lubricant. They also get reflected, scattered, and diffracted, and finally, if the waves retain sufficient energy, they may be detected and measured on a surface that is accessible for instrumentation. How to reliably measure and extract information about damage in slow-speed bearings from such AE signals is a challenge. In order to assess the damage in the bearing, prior art typically parametrizes the AE signals and extracts features (signal amplitude, frequency, hit rate, rise time, count, etc.). However, these features do not provide an accurate method for estimating the damage in the bearing because they do not account for complexity of the wavefield.
It would be advantageous to implement a more efficient and/or cost-effective method and apparatus for monitoring damage of low speed bearings based on acoustic emissions.
An object of the invention is to implement a method and apparatus for monitoring integrity of low-speed bearings based on acoustic emissions in an efficient and cost-effective way.
In a first aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for monitoring integrity of a bearing wherein the bearing rotatably supports a rotation shaft, the apparatus comprising an Acoustic Emission, AE, sensor disposed at a first location on a surface of the bearing and arranged to receive an AE signal from the bearing and to output a recorded signal based on the received AE signal; processing means arranged to receive and process the recorded signal, and to output a processed signal based on said processing of the recorded signal, damage type; determining means arranged to compare the processed signal with a reference signal, and to output a damage type signal based on said comparison; and integrity determining means arranged to receive the damage type signal, a scaling parameter corresponding to the received damage type signal and to output a bearing integrity index based on the received damage type signal and the scaling parameter. This provides a very efficient way of monitoring the integrity of the bearing as the scaling parameter allows to take into account the different kind of damages that the bearing may suffer when calculating monitoring the integrity. Le., based on a damage type of signal, a different scaling parameter may be assigned such that the integrity index takes into account that some damages are more critical than others, for instance, for cracks in the raceways and in the rollers, a large scaling parameter value may be assigned, as this kind of damage is considered severe. In order to determine the integrity index, the steps of this method may be repeated as many times as necessary.
The processing means may further be arranged to output the processed signal based on a propagation function representing wave path propagation effects. This allows to provide a more reliable calculation of the integrity index. For instance, the reference signal may correspond to a signal measured during an experimental phase with an AE sensor located inside the bearing and closer to the location of the source of damage. This allows to obtain mor reliable measurements to use later on to compare with the processed signal obtained when a bearing is in use, wherein the processed signal is calculated based on a propagation function that takes into account the difference between the path travelled by the signal from the location of the damage source to the location of an AE sensor when performing experiments, and the path travelled by the signal from the location of the damage source to the location of an AE sensor when the bearing is in use.
The processing means may be further arranged to output the processed signal based on a transfer function representing a frequency response corresponding to the AE sensor. This also improves the reliability of the integrity index, because it allows to use an AE sensor having a frequency response adapted to an specific kind of damage.
Furthermore, the reference signal may correspond to a reference AE signal from a reference bearing previously detected by a reference AE sensor disposed at a reference location of the reference bearing. The propagation function may represent wave path propagation effects from the reference location to the first location.
The apparatus may further comprise a plurality of acoustic emission sensors. This allows to have different AE sensors with different frequency responses adapted to different kind of damages, as different kind of damages emit signals with different frequency characteristics. The plurality of acoustic emission sensors may be disposed at positions varied from another in a circumferential direction of the bearing. The apparatus may comprise any suitable number of AE sensors. As a non-limited example, the apparatus may comprise a plurality of AE sensors characteristic by one of a first frequency response, second frequency response and third frequency response and may be disposed in groups of three at different locations of the bearing wherein each group of three comprises an AE sensor having a first frequency response, an AE sensor having a second frequency response, and an AE sensor having a third frequency response. The plurality of acoustic emission sensors may be disposed at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. However, the plurality of AE sensors may be disposed in any other suitable way. As said, at least two of the plurality of acoustic emission sensors may be characterized by different frequency responses.
The bearing may further comprise a first slewing ring, a second slewing ring disposed radially outside the first slewing ring and a plurality of rolling elements disposed between the first slewing ring and the second slewing ring, wherein the first slewing ring or the second slewing ring is arranged to be rotatable with the rotation shaft. The AE sensors may be located in the surface of the first and/or second slewing ring. The Ae sensors may be located in other places of the bearing.
The invention also relates to an apparatus as disclosed in the claims.
This allows to take into account the complexity of the wavefield which changes in the signal features when propagating through different components of the bearings until reaching the sensor location, and its effect on the recorded signals for different damage types having different signatures.
The person skilled in the art will understand that the features described above may be combined in any way deemed useful. Moreover, modifications and variations described in respect of the system may likewise be applied to a method.
In the following, aspects of the invention will be elucidated by means of examples, with reference to the drawings. The drawings are diagrammatic and are not drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for monitoring integrity of a bearing according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a rotating bearing comprising an AE sensor.
Fig. 3 shows a diagram of time waveform of AE signals emitted from the rotating bearing of Fig. 1 during operation.
Fig. 4 shows a rotating bearing comprising a plurality of AE sensors.
Figs. SA-B show a cross section and a front view of a bearing.
Figs. 6A-C show three alternative source configurations with primary transfer paths for a subsurface source in the raceway, a subsurface source in the roller, and a source on the interface between roller and raceway.
Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method for monitoring integrity of a bearing according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates an apparatus 100 for monitoring the integrity of a bearing. The apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1 comprises an Acoustic Emission, AE, sensor 102. The AE sensor 102 might be disposed at a first location on a surface of the bearing. The AE sensor 102 comprises an input configured to receive an AE signal 104 emitted by the bearing.
The AE sensor 102 comprises an output and is configured to generate a recorded signal 106 based on the received AE signal 104 and send said recorded signal 106 to its output.
The apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1 comprises further processing means 108. The processing means 108 comprises an input and an output. The input of the processing 5 means 108 may be connected to the output of the AE sensor 102 such that receives the recorded signal 106 generated by the AE sensor 102. The processing means 108 further processes the recorded signal 106 received at its input and generates a processed signal 110 based on said processing of the recorded signal 106 at its output.
The apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1 also comprises damage type determining means 112. The damage type determining means 112 comprises a first input, a second input and an output. The first input of the damage type determining means 112 may be connected to the output of the processing means 108 such that the first input receives the processed signal 110 from the processing means 108. The damage type determining means 112 may receive at the second input a reference signal 114. The reference signal 104 may be stored in a memory or any other kind of electronic storage device. The second input of the damage type determining means 112 may be connected to said memory or electronic storage device. The damage type determining means 112 is arranged to compare the processed signal 110 with the reference signal 114, and to output a damage type signal 116 based on said comparison.
The apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1 also comprises integrity determining means 118 comprising a first input, a second input and an output. The first input of the integrity determining means 118 may be connected to the output of the damage type determining means 112 such that the first input receives the damage type signal 116 from the damage type determining means 112. The integrity determining means 118 may receive at the second input a scaling parameter 120. The scaling parameter 120 may be stored in a memory or any other kind of electronic storage device. The scaling parameter 120 may be stored in the same electronic storage device than the refernce signal or may be stored in a different electronic storage device. The second input of the integrity determining means 118 may be connected to the electronic storage device containing the scaling parameter 120. The integrity determining means 118 is arranged to generate a bearing integrity index 122 based on the received damage type signal 116 and the scaling parameter 120 and to send the bearing integrity index 122 to its output.
The processing means 108 may be further arranged to output the processed signal 110 based on a propagation function representing wave path propagation effects.
The processing means 108 may be further arranged to output the processed signal 110 based on a transfer function representing a frequency response corresponding to the
AE sensor 102.
The reference signal 114 may correspond to a reference AE signal from a reference bearing previously detected by a reference AE sensor disposed at a reference location of the reference bearing. For instance, the reference signal 114 may be stored in a memory and be part of an experimentally-obtained library containing reference signals for all relevant damage types. The library of damage signatures might be obtained by simulating the deterioration conditions (for each damage type) in a laboratory. The library may be stored in a cloud system or in any other type of data storage system or device.
The propagation function represents wave path propagation effects from the reference location wherein a source of damage emits a certain AE signal to the first location wherein the AE sensor 102 stores the received AE signal.
The apparatus 100 may comprise a plurality of AE sensors. Each of these AE sensors may have a different frequency response and the processing means 108 may be arranged to output the processed signal 110 by applying a transfer function corresponding to the frequency response of the AE sensor that stored the corresponding AE signal. In this way, as different kind of damages have signatures with different frequency characteristics, it is possible to use different AE sensors wherein the frequency response of each different AE sensor may be in the range of a particular kind of damage.
Fig. 2 shows a rotating bearing 200 comprising an AE sensor 102. The bearing 200 shown in fig. 2 comprises a first slewing ring 202, a second slewing ring 204 disposed radially outside the first slewing ring, a plurality of rolling elements 206 disposed between the first slewing ring 202 and the second slewing ring 204, and a rotation shaft 208. The first slewing ring 202 may be arranged to be rotatable with the rotation shaft 208. Alternatively, the second slewing ring 204 may be arranged to be rotatable with the rotation shaft 208.
Fig. 3 shows a diagram of time waveform of AE signals emitted from the rotating bearing of Fig. 1 during operation. The horizontal axis of the diagram shown in fig. 3 corresponds to time in seconds, while the vertical axis of said diagram shows AE emissions in microvolts emitted by the bearing 200 as detected by the AE sensor 102.
Fig. 4 shows a system 400 comprising a rotating bearing 402 and a plurality of
AE sensors 102. The plurality of AE sensors 102 are distributed along the circumference ofthe surface 404 of the bearing. The plurality of acoustic emission sensors are disposed at positions varied from another in a circumferential direction of the bearing. The plurality of acoustic emission sensors may be disposed at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. Alternatively, the AE sensors 102 may be located on any accessible surfaces. Each AE sensor 102 may comprise a number of collocated transducers with different or equal frequency characteristics. The AE sensors 102 may comprise all the necessary electronics for acquisition and pre-conditioning of the AE signals received from the bearing 402. Different types of defects in bearings have different dominate frequencies and signatures. Each AE sensor 102 continuously records the ultrasonic emissions from the bearing 402. Upon identification of AE signals with amplitude beyond a predefined threshold, the AE signals may be recorded. Alternatively, all AE signals may be recorded.
Identification of developing degradation in rolling elements may follow directly from the identification of AE source signals. In an idealised situation, instrumentation such as the AE sensors 102 is situated close to the source of emission of the AE signal 104 inside the bearing 200, i.e. where damage is evolving. There, the AE sensor 102 can receive the AE signal 104 emitted by the bearing 200 and record as a recorded signal 106. In this way, the AE signal 104 received at the AE sensor 102 is nearest in form to the AE signal as emitted at the source of origin of the damage, and therefore, the task of identifying the mechanism of emission is most apparent. In practice, AE sensors and/or other measurement instruments cannot be placed on the raceway of the bearing, and therefore generalization to the external surface of the bearing is necessary. However, this concept may be applied to identify naturally evolving damage in a bearing. For that, a purpose-built linear bearing can be used in an experiment, as depicted in figs. 5A-B, which is designed to provide the ability to instrument both the raceways and substructure of the bearing, to assess the identification procedure for both instrumentation scenarios.
Fig. 5A shows a cross-section of the bearing 200 and fig. 5B shows a front view of the bearing 200 without the cover-plate. The bearing 200 shown in figs. 5A-B comprises a roller R, a nose raceway L, a support raceway U, a nose substructure B, a support substructure A, and the AE sensors 102. In fig. SA, each of the AE sensors 102 is labelled as Di, D2 or Ds; The AE sensors 102 labelled as Di have a first frequency response. The AE sensors 102 labelled as D; have a second frequency response different from the first frequency response, while the AE sensors 102 labelled as D3 have a third frequency response different from the first and the second frequency responses. Fig. SA is just an example and the bearing may comprise any other number of AE sensors 102 arranged in any other way on the bearing and also having any other kind of frequency responses.
For the rolling elements 206 of a bearing 200, three principal regions may be identified for degradation initiated sources. Figs. 6A-C show three possible source locations of degradation initiated AE signals in roller bearings. Fig. 6A shows an example wherein the source 602 of the AE signal is located in the raceway L of the bearing. Fig. 6B shows an example wherein the source 604 of the AE signal is located in the roller R of the bearing. Fig. 6A shows an example wherein the source 606 of the AE signal is located on the interface 608 between the roller of the bearing and the raceway
L of the bearing.
Evading the challenges of instrumenting a roller, the closest instrumentation could at best be situated directly on the raceway. However, in practice instrumentation on the raceway is often not feasible, and therefore the AE sensors 102 are often situated on the support structure, i.e., further away from the source of the emission of the AE signals 104.
In fig. 6A, for an AE signal originated at location 602 in the raceway L, the recorded AE signal at the AE sensor 102 located on the raceway L may be described in the frequency domain as by, (5,54) = DW, (84,5, )S, + P, (equation 1) wherein P,; ; represents the recorded signal at a specific AE sensor among the plurality of AE sensors 102 located on the surface of the raceway L for a source AE signal originated at location 602 of the raceway L, D, ; represents a coupling transfer function of said specific AE sensor 102, W, represents the propagation function of raceway L, S ‚ represents the source AE signal at location 602, and P, represents an additional component that accounts for background noise, mode conversions of the transmitted AE signal, and/or alternative transfer paths. Furthermore, s, and s,, denote where the respective source of the original AE signal 602 and the specific AE sensor 102 are located.
In fig. 6B, for an AE signal originated at location 604 in the roller R, the recorded
AE signal at the AE sensor 102 located on the raceway L may be described in the frequency domain as
Bip sSa- BF) =D JW AT Sp Ti (FW (86.1 1)Sk + Py (equation 2) wherein Pz represents the recorded signal at a specific AE sensor 102 located on the surface of the raceway L for a source AE signal originated at location 604 of the roller R, D, ; represents a coupling transfer function of the specific AE sensor 102, Ww, and W, represent propagation functions of the respective roller R and raceway L, Ty, represents the transmission function for the interface 608 between the roller R and the raceway L, S, represents the source AE signal at location 604, and P, represents an additional component that accounts for background noise, mode conversions of the transmitted AE signal, and/or alternative transfer paths. Furthermore, Ssg and sp; denote where the respective source of the original AE signal 604 and the specific AE sensor 102 are located, while I, , denotes the boundary that describes the interface 608 between the nose raceway L and roller R. Finally, + denotes the external force applied through the bearing.
In fig. 6C, for an AE signal originated at location 606 on the interface 608 between the roller R and the raceway L, the recorded AE signal at the AE sensor 102 located on the raceway L may be described in the frequency domain as
Poels, Ss, F) = Dy x W, (Ss Sp) Th (F)S; + Êy (equation 3) wherein Py; represents the recorded signal at a specific AE sensor 102 located on the surface of the raceway L for a source AE signal originated at location 606 of the interface 608 between the raceway L and the roller R, D; represents a coupling transfer function of the AE sensor 102, W, represents the propagation function of the raceway L,
T,., represents a transmission function for the interface 608 between the raceway L and the roller R, 5, represents the source AE signal at location 606, and P, represents an additional component that accounts for background noise, mode conversions of the transmitted AE signal, and/or alternative transfer paths. Furthermore, sg; and 5; denote where the respective source of the original AE signal 606 and the specific AE sensor 102 are located. Finally, # denotes the external force applied through the bearing.
In a similar way to equations 1-3, additional transmission and propagation functions may be considered for alternative transmission paths between the source location of the original AE signal and the location of the AE sensor recording the AE signal.
Equations 1-3 can be generalized for any recorded AE signal 7 as the convolution of the source AE signal S, the total propagation function 2, and the coupling transfer function of the sensor D to arrive to below equation 4 wherein noise, mode conversions, and alternative paths are considered small and omitted. For properly- designed sensor system and electronics, this is a reasonable assumption.
P(s,,55 ‚F)= Ds, ‚s,,F)S (equation 4)
For the situation shown in fig. 6B, the propagation and transmission function will be a consolidation of the propagation functions and transmission functions that are encountered along the path between the source location 604 at the which the AE signal originates and the location of the AE sensor 102 thereby arriving at: 28308500 1) =H, (Tree Tae (FW (Se T 16) (equation 5)
The inverse coupling transfer function of the AE sensor can be obtained experimentally. The inverse propagation and transmissions function can be obtained by combining prior experiments and finite element simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation in the considered bearing structure. In this way, the reconstruction of the source AE signal through deconvolution of the recorded AE signal is as follows:
S=Z7"(s,.s0, F)D'P(s,,,8,, F) (equation 6)
In equation 6, Z denotes the consolidation of all propagation, transmission and coupling transfer functions on the primary path from generic source location s, i.e., the source of emission of the original AE signal, to generic receiver location s,,, i.e, the location of the AE sensor, and 7! indicates its inverse.
Once the AE signal at the actual source is reconstructed, i.e, once the processed signal 110 of fig. 1 is obtained, the processed signal 110 is compared with a reference signal 114 from an experimentally-obtained library of all relevant damage types as follows: i Si,
Es = max) |F | .
Mg mn | A 12 w | A |2 (equation 7) 8, do] 1S.) do
Equation 7 shows the procedure to determine the similarity between 5, which is the processed signal 110 and S, which is the reference signal 114. The library of damage signatures might be obtained by simulating the deterioration conditions (for each damage type) in a laboratory.
To assess the bearing integrity, a bearing condition index (BCI) is defined as: 1
BCI= 2 & de, (equation 8) 1+ > > a, ied, g=l k=1 dN
Equation (8) shows the procedure for determining BCI from the source-identified
AE signals. For every mechanism/signature identified after accounting for the propagation effects, i.e. application of equations 6 and 7, a count function c, is defined.
The BCI may be calculated as a summation over KX AE sensor types (with A distinct frequency bands) and (J) source mechanisms, wherein 0< BCI <1. A BCI equal to one indicates a perfect bearing, while a BCI equal to zero indicates a heavily-damaged bearing. The scaling or scaling parameters «, and «, account for adjusting the sensitivity todifferent degradation mechanisms based on their criticality and different sensory types.
The count function can also have an amplitude threshold for further adjustment of the sensitivity. In addition, a bearing degradation rate index (DRI) is defined as: of EN;
DRI — BCI BC]
BC | eN ’/ (equation 9)
Equation (9) shows the procedure for determining DRI from the changes of average BCI in the current period of length A: with respect to average BCI in the previous period of length Ar.
Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram illustrating of a method for monitoring integrity of a bearing according to an embodiment of the invention. In step 702 of fig. 7, the AE, sensor 102 disposed at a first location on a surface of the bearing receives an AE signal 104 from the bearing. In step 704 of fig. 7, the AE sensor 102 outputs a recorded signal 706 based on the received AE signal 104.
In step 706 of fig. 7, and processing (708), the processing means 108 receive the recorded signal 106. In step 708 of fig. 7, the processing means 108 output a processed signal 110 based on said processing of the recorded signal.
In step 710 of fig. 7, the damage type determining means 112 compares the processed signal 110 with a reference signal 114. In step 712 of fig. 7, the damage type determining means output 712 a damage type signal 116 based on said comparison.
In step 714 of fig. 7, the integrity determining means 118 receive the damage type signal 116 and a scaling parameter 120 corresponding to the received damage type signal 116. Finally, in step 716 of fig. 7, the integrity determining means 118 output a bearing integrity index 122 based on the received damage type signal 116 and the scaling parameter 120.
The examples and embodiments described herein serve to illustrate rather than limit the invention. The person skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims.
Reference signs placed in parentheses in the claims shall not be interpreted to limit the scope of the claims.
Items described as separate entities in the claims or the description may be implemented as a single hardware or software item combining the features of the items described.
List of Reference Symbols 100 apparatus for monitoring integrity of a bearing 102 AE sensor 104 AE signal from the bearing
106 recorded signal 108 processing means 110 processed signal 112 damage type determining means
114 reference signal 116 damage type signal 118 integrity determining means 120 scaling parameter 122 bearing integrity index
200 system comprising bearing and an AE sensor 202 internal slewing ring 204 external slewing ring 206 bearing elements 208 rotation shaft
400 system comprising bearing and plurality of AE sensors 402 bearing 404 external surface of the bearing
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2032270A NL2032270B1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission |
| PCT/EP2023/065864 WO2023247272A1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2023-06-13 | Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2032270A NL2032270B1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| NL2032270B1 true NL2032270B1 (en) | 2024-01-08 |
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| NL2032270A NL2032270B1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Monitoring integrity of low speed bearings using acoustic emission |
Country Status (2)
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| NL (1) | NL2032270B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023247272A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010085971A1 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-05 | Ab Skf | Lubrication condition monitoring |
| EP2316009A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for determining and monitoring the state of a rolling bearing |
| WO2013159840A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-31 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Acoustic emission measurements of a bearing aseembly |
-
2022
- 2022-06-24 NL NL2032270A patent/NL2032270B1/en active
-
2023
- 2023-06-13 WO PCT/EP2023/065864 patent/WO2023247272A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2316009A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for determining and monitoring the state of a rolling bearing |
| WO2010085971A1 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-05 | Ab Skf | Lubrication condition monitoring |
| WO2013159840A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-31 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Acoustic emission measurements of a bearing aseembly |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SCHEEREN BART ET AL: "Evaluation of Ultrasonic Stress Wave Transmission in Cylindrical Roller Bearings for Acoustic Emission Condition Monitoring", SENSORS, vol. 22, no. 4, 16 February 2022 (2022-02-16), pages 1500, XP093016594, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://research.tudelft.nl/files/112256331/sensors_22_01500.pdf> [retrieved on 20230123], DOI: 10.3390/s22041500 * |
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| WO2023247272A1 (en) | 2023-12-28 |
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