NL2032133B1 - Prevention and control method of excavation and support of open-type tbm crossing strong rockburst tunnel section - Google Patents

Prevention and control method of excavation and support of open-type tbm crossing strong rockburst tunnel section Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2032133B1
NL2032133B1 NL2032133A NL2032133A NL2032133B1 NL 2032133 B1 NL2032133 B1 NL 2032133B1 NL 2032133 A NL2032133 A NL 2032133A NL 2032133 A NL2032133 A NL 2032133A NL 2032133 B1 NL2032133 B1 NL 2032133B1
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
tbm
shield
excavation
rockburst
section
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NL2032133A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Guo Xinqiang
Ni Zhihua
Du Lijie
Quan Yongwei
Yang Yalei
Li Mingjie
Liu Xiaolong
Li Qingwei
Original Assignee
Univ Shijiazhuang Tiedao
Xinjiang Irtysh Invest And Development Co Ltd
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Priority to NL2032133A priority Critical patent/NL2032133B1/en
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Publication of NL2032133B1 publication Critical patent/NL2032133B1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/093—Control of the driving shield, e.g. of the hydraulic advancing cylinders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

U I T T R E K S E L The present invention provides an excavating method of an open— type tunnel boring machine (TBM) crossing a strong rockburst tunnel section. The method comprises the following steps: sl, controlling the TBM excavating footage, using a TBM shield to 5 resist energy generated by rockburst, and controlling a shield oil cylinder to shrink so that the rockburst energy is gradually released; and s2, with the forward excavating of TBM, supporting behind the shield to form support for disintegrating slags after the rockburst. 10 (+ Fig.)

Description

P1378/NLpd
PREVENTION AND CONTROL METHOD OF EXCAVATION AND SUPPORT OF OPEN-
TYPE TBM CROSSING STRONG ROCKBURST TUNNEL SECTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the technical field of exca- vation and construction of rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) tun- nels, in particular to an excavating method of an open-type TBM crossing a strong rockburst tunnel section.
BACKGROUND ART
In deep-buried tunnels excavated by TBM (namely the rock tun- nel boring machine, similarly hereinafter), high ground stress rockburst is often encountered, namely a phenomenon that while the underground engineering activities destroy the original equilibri- um state of a rock mass, energy accumulated in the rock mass is released to cause the damage of the rock mass and project broken rocks, especially the strong rockburst often causes serious damage to an excavation working surface, machine damage and personal cas- ualty, and becomes a worldwide problem in the field of rock under- ground engineering and rock mechanics already, wherein the medium rockburst or less is well controlled, but there is not a technical method for safe and efficient direct crossing of the strong rock- burst. In order to reduce losses caused by the strong rockburst, the prior art has the following two methods during construction.
First type: the excavating footage speed of TBM is not ac- tively controlled, and supports such as an anchor rod, a mesh, an arch and shotcrete are implemented behind a TBM shield to prevent and control the strong rockburst. However, due to the huge energy of the strong rockburst, the support is not enough to resist such huge impact energy and is destroyed. Although the degree of the damage is reduced to a certain extent, a lot of cleaning and re- supporting is required after the strong rockburst occurs, which seriously affects the construction speed and construction safety of TBM.
Second type: TBM stops the excavation, and a drilling and blasting method is used in front of a cutter head to excavate a pilot hole in a part of a tunnel face, to reduce the energy of the strong rockburst, and then TBM excavates the remaining tunnel face to cross. This method is only an experiment. Although the energy is reduced by a certain percentage, the remaining tunnel face still stores the huge energy, and hazards exist. Moreover, the ex- cavation of this partial tunnel face with the drilling and blast- ing method is not essentially different from the complete excava- tion of the tunnel face with the drilling and blasting method in construction schedule delay and construction method. It is incon- venient to implement drilling and blasting, and TBM needs to wait for a long time. It is not as good as a traditional drilling and blasting method that after being completely excavated, TBM advanc- es to cross step by step, it is not different from the excavation by the traditional drilling and blasting method, and a problem that TBM directly excavates to cross the strong rockburst tunnel section is not fundamentally solved.
SUMMARY
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide an ex- cavating method of an open-type TBM crossing a strong rockburst tunnel section, as to improve the efficiency and safety of TBM ex- cavating.
In order to achieve the above purpose, a technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in this way:
An excavating method of an open-type TBM crossing a strong rockburst tunnel section, the method comprises the following steps: sl, controlling the TBM excavating footage, and using a TBM shield to resist rockburst energy and rock slags projected by the burst; and s2, with the forward excavating of TBM, supporting behind the shield to form support for disintegrating slags generated by the rockburst after separating from the shield.
Further, the step sl comprises the following steps: s11, stopping the excavation after controlling the TBM one- time excavating footage S;
s12, after stopping the excavation by TBM, occasionally con- trolling a shield oil cylinder to shrink slightly, so that rock- burst energy is released slowly, and the shield oil cylinder is not over-pressurized due to the release of the rockburst; and s13, repeating the steps sll-sl12 to perform the next cycle of the excavation, until the end of crossing the strong rockburst tunnel section.
Further, in the step sll, the one-time excavating footage S does not exceed L1+L2, wherein L1 is the length of the TBM shield, and L2 is the length from a front end of a TBM cutter head to a front end of the shield.
Further, in the step s12, the shield oil cylinder pressure P is maintained at 60~80 bar during the process of controlling the shield oil cylinder to shrink.
Further, in the step s2, the supporting method comprises: s21, inserting a steel bar section into a storage bin at a tail portion of the shield, and with the TBM excavating footage, gradually exposing the steel bar section from the storage bin to form an exposed section, and supporting the exposed section by a steel arch and an anchor rod to form a combined support, to pre- vent rock slags from collapsing after the rockburst; s22, continuously excavating, inserting the next steel bar section before the steel bar section is completely exposed to the shield, and continuously supporting and fixing by using the steel arch and the anchor rod; and s23, repeating the steps s21-s22, to form continuous and un- interrupted support for an excavation tunnel wall.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
According to the excavating method of the open-type TBM crossing the strong rockburst tunnel section of the present inven- tion, because the own shield of TBM has the stronger structural strength and is sufficient to resist the energy generated during the rockburst, the destructive effect may not be produced while the own shield of TBM is used to resist the rockburst, and the safety of machine and personnel is guaranteed. Since disintegrat- ing slags generated by the rockburst may be separated from the shield while TBM subsequently excavates forwards, and the disinte- grating slags may be supported by supports arranged, to prevent the disintegrating slags from collapsing. At this time, a support structure is only used to support rock slags that slide from the shield, not to resist the impact of the rockburst directly, so it is avoided from being damaged, and it is convenient for TBM to smoothly enter the next excavation cycle, so the construction ef- ficiency is improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and exemplary embodiments of the present invention and descrip- tions thereof are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a top view of an open-type TBM described in an em- bodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the open-type TBM de- scribed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structure schematic diagram of a storage bin at a tail portion of a shield described in an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a support construction state described in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference signs: l-Cutter head, 2-Shield, 3-Shield oil cylinder, 4-Storage bin, 5-Steel bar section, 501-Exposed section, and 6-Steel arch.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other in the case without conflicting.
The present invention is described in detail below with ref- erence to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.
The excavating method of the open-type TBM crossing the strong rockburst tunnel section involved in the present invention is implemented based on TBM in the existing structure, and its structure may be shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, wherein a distance between a shield 2 and a tunnel wall is decreased due to the ex- tension of a shield oil cylinder 3 while the shield oil cylinder 3 5 is stretched, and while the shield oil cylinder 3 is shrunk, the distance between the shield 2 and the tunnel wall is increased due to the shrinkage of the shield oil cylinder 3. In a TBM operating room, the shield oil cylinder 3 has pressure and position display, and the shield oil cylinder 3 may be controlled by operating a button. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the shield 2 comprises storage bins 4, and the storage bins 4 are arranged circumferentially at intervals around the shield 2, as to facilitate support of a steel bar section 5 described below.
This embodiment relates to an excavating method of an open- type TBM crossing a strong rockburst tunnel section, and the meth- od comprises the following steps: sl, controlling the TBM excavating footage, and using a TBM shield to resist rockburst energy and rock slags projected by the burst; and s2, with the forward excavating of TBM, supporting be- hind the shield to form support for disintegrating slags generated by the rockburst after separating from the shield.
In the above steps, the step sl comprises the following steps: s11, stopping the excavation after controlling the TBM one- time excavating footage S, the one-time excavating footage S does not exceed L1+L2, most preferably it is equal to L1+L2, and com- bined with FIG. 1, wherein: Ll is the length of the shield 2, and
L2 is the length from a front end of the cutter head 1 to a front end of the shield 2; sl2, after stopping the excavation by TBM, controlling the shield oil cylinder 3 to shrink, so that rockburst energy is re- leased slowly, the shield oil cylinder 3 is not over-pressurized due to the release of the rockburst, and the shield oil cylinder 3 pressure P is maintained at 60-80 bar, most preferably 70 bar, during the process of controlling the shield oil cylinder 3 to shrink; and s13, repeating the steps sll-sl12 to perform the next cycle of the excavation, until the end of crossing the strong rockburst tunnel section, wherein the TBM shield oil cylinder 3 may slightly expand and shrink to maintain the above pressure during the exca- vation.
In the step sll, by actively controlling the TBM excavating footage (namely stopping the excavation after the one-time exca- vating footage S), the relative position and time of the occur- rence of the rockburst are conveniently controlled, the shield 2 is gradually recovered after stopping the excavation, and the shield 2 is used to block and prevent the rock slags projected by the rockburst, to achieve the purpose of gradually releasing the energy and protecting. Compared with a traditional excavating method that does not actively and accurately control the excavat- ing footage or continues excavating, although the continuous exca- vating footage may be more in a short period of time, it is easy to be damaged because the support needs to be used to resist the energy of the rockburst, and it needs to be slag-cleaned, de- tached, and re-supported after the damage. The shutdown and pro- cessing time is long, the daily excavating footage is reduced as a whole and the workload is increased at the same time. The present invention makes full use of the structural characteristics of TBM and the temporal and spatial characteristics of rockburst occur- rence, actively controls the excavating footage, improves the con- struction progress, and avoids subsequent processing work, which is safer and more economical. In addition, while the shield 2 is controlled to be recovered, an intermittent control method may be used, namely a handle is operated at a certain time interval to gradually shrink the shield oil cylinder 3. On the one hand, the intermittent operation instead of the continuous operation may make the rockburst energy slowly release, and on the other hand, it may also be convenient for construction personnel to operate.
In this embodiment, the supporting method in the step s2 may be shown in combination with FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, and the method specifically comprises: s21, inserting a plurality of steel bar sections 5 into each storage bin 4 at a tail portion of the shield 2 at intervals to form a steel bar row, and with the TBM excavating footage, gradu-
ally exposing the steel bar sections 5 from the storage bin to form an exposed section 501, supporting the exposed section 501 by a steel arch 6 and an anchor rod unshown in the figure to form a combined support, to prevent rock slags from collapsing after the rockburst, wherein in this step, the steel bar sections 5 and the steel arch 6 may be fixedly connected by a welding mode; s22, continuously excavating, inserting the next steel bar section before the steel bar section 5 is completely exposed to the shield 2, and continuously supporting and fixing by using the steel arch and the anchor rod; and s23, repeating the steps s21-s22, to form continuous and un- interrupted support for an excavation tunnel wall.
Certainly, in addition to the above method, construction methods in the prior art may also be used for the supporting meth- od in this embodiment, as long as the support may be formed along with the excavation of TBM.
The excavating method of the open-type TBM crossing the strong rockburst tunnel section uses the own shield of TBM to re- sist the rockburst, and after the rockburst occurs, it is closely supported by the steel bar section 5 at the tail portion of the shield 2, because the steel bar row formed by the steel bar sec- tions 5 at this time is only used to prevent the rock slags from collapsing, it may not cause damage to the steel bar section 5. In this way, it not only has the safety brought by the protection of the shield 2, but also avoids the subsequent support from being destroyed by the irresistible energy of the rockburst, so the troubles of the traditional method that needs to be slag-cleaned, detached and re-supported are avoided.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present in- vention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in a scope of protection of the present inven- tion.

Claims (2)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Uitgravingswerkwijze van een open-type tunnelboormachine (TBM) die een sterk steenslagtunnelgedeelte oversteekt, met het kenmerk, dat de werkwijze de volgende stappen omvat: sl, het controleren van het TBM-uitgravingsmateriaal en het ge- bruik van een TBM-schild om weerstand te bieden aan de energie van de uitbarsting van steen en de door de uitbarsting geprojecteerde steenslakken; en s2, met het voorwaarts uitgraven van TBM, ondersteuning bieden achter het schild om ondersteuning te vormen voor desintegrerende slakken die worden gegenereerd door de uitbarsting van steen na het afscheiden van het schild; waarbij de stap sl de volgende stappen omvat: sll, het stoppen van de uitgraving na het controleren van het een- malige uitgravingsmateriaal S van de TBM; s12, na het stoppen van de uitgraving door TBM, het af en toe aansturen van een schildoliecilinder om iets te krimpen, zodat de energie van de uitbarsting van steen langzaam vrijkomt en de oliecilinder van het schild niet overmatige druk krijgt als gevolg van het vrijkomen van de uitbarsting van steen; en s13, het herhalen van de stappen sl11-s12 om de volgende cyclus van de uitgraving uit te voeren, tot het einde van het oversteken van de sterke steenslagtunnelgedeelte; waarbij in stap sll het eenmalige uitgravingsmateriaal S niet groter is dan L1+L2, waarbij Ll de lengte van het TBM-scherm is en L2 de lengte van een voorste uiteinde van een TBM-snijkop tot een voorste uiteinde van het scherm is; en in stap s12 de schildoliecilinderdruk P op 60 tot 80 bar wordt gehouden tijdens het proces van het regelen van het krimpen van de schildoliecilinder.1. Excavation method of an open-type tunnel boring machine (TBM) crossing a heavily crushed tunnel section, characterized in that the method includes the following steps: sl, checking the TBM excavation material and using a TBM shield to to resist the energy of the rock eruption and the rock slag projected by the eruption; and s2, with the forward excavation of TBM, provide support behind the shield to provide support for disintegrating slag generated by the eruption of rock after shield separation; wherein the step sl includes the following steps: sll, stopping the excavation after checking the one-time excavation material S of the TBM; s12, after stopping the excavation by TBM, occasionally controlling a shield oil cylinder to shrink slightly, so that the energy of rock eruption is released slowly and the shield oil cylinder does not experience excessive pressure due to the release of the eruption of stone; and s13, repeating steps sl11-s12 to perform the next cycle of excavation, until the end of crossing the strong crushed stone tunnel section; wherein in step sll the one-time excavation material S is not greater than L1+L2, where L1 is the length of the TBM screen and L2 is the length from a leading end of a TBM cutting head to a leading end of the screen; and in step s12 the shield oil cylinder pressure P is kept at 60 to 80 bar during the process of controlling the shrinkage of the shield oil cylinder. 2. Uitgravingswerkwijze van een open-type tunnelboormachine (TBM) die een sterk steenslagtunnelgedeelte oversteekt volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat: in stap s2 de ondersteuningswerkwijze omvat:An excavation method of an open-type tunnel boring machine (TBM) crossing a strong crushed stone tunnel section according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step s2 the supporting method includes: s21, het inbrengen van een stalen staafsectie in een opslagbak aan een staartgedeelte van het schild, en met de TBM die materiaal op- graaft, waarbij de stalen staafsectie geleidelijk uit de opslagbak wordt blootgelegd om een blootgestelde sectie te vormen, en het ondersteunen van de blootgestelde sectie door een stalen boog en een ankerstang om een gecombineerde steun te vormen, om te voorko- men dat steenslakken na de steenslag instorten; s22, het onder continu uitgraven, het inbrengen van het volgende stalen staafgedeelte voordat het stalen staafgedeelte volledig is blootgesteld aan het schild, en het continu ondersteunen en bevestigen met behulp van de stalen boog en de ankerstang; en s23, het herhalen van de stappen s21-s22, om een continue en onon- derbroken ondersteuning te vormen voor een uitgravingsgrotwand.s21, inserting a steel bar section into a storage bin at a tail section of the shield, and with the TBM excavating material, gradually exposing the steel bar section from the storage bin to form an exposed section, and supporting the exposed section by a steel arch and an anchor rod to form a combined support, to prevent rock slag collapse after the rock crush; s22, excavating under continuous conditions, inserting the next steel bar section before the steel bar section is fully exposed to the shield, and continuously supporting and fixing it using the steel arch and anchor rod; and s23, repeating steps s21-s22, to form a continuous and uninterrupted support for an excavation cave wall.
NL2032133A 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Prevention and control method of excavation and support of open-type tbm crossing strong rockburst tunnel section NL2032133B1 (en)

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NL2032133A NL2032133B1 (en) 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Prevention and control method of excavation and support of open-type tbm crossing strong rockburst tunnel section

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NL2032133A NL2032133B1 (en) 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Prevention and control method of excavation and support of open-type tbm crossing strong rockburst tunnel section

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