NL2031381B1 - Noise barrier and building blocks for noise barrier - Google Patents

Noise barrier and building blocks for noise barrier Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2031381B1
NL2031381B1 NL2031381A NL2031381A NL2031381B1 NL 2031381 B1 NL2031381 B1 NL 2031381B1 NL 2031381 A NL2031381 A NL 2031381A NL 2031381 A NL2031381 A NL 2031381A NL 2031381 B1 NL2031381 B1 NL 2031381B1
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
building block
groove
building blocks
sound barrier
noise barrier
Prior art date
Application number
NL2031381A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Jaring Tom
Original Assignee
Jaring Tom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jaring Tom filed Critical Jaring Tom
Priority to NL2031381A priority Critical patent/NL2031381B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2031381B1 publication Critical patent/NL2031381B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
    • E01F8/023—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure made of stacked or staggered elements, e.g. hollow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
    • E01F8/0029—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with porous surfaces, e.g. concrete with porous fillers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/12—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing

Abstract

The invention relates to a noise barrier defining a vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis and a longitudinal axis ofthe noise barrier, and having a front side configured to face a noise source and a rear side opposite the front side, wherein the noise barrier comprises a plurality of modular building blocks, wherein the front side includes a front set of surfaces, each surface of the front set of surfaces making an angle with adjacent surfaces and each surface of the front set of surfaces being non-parallel to the vertical plane, and wherein the front side includes at least one groove including a bottom and sidewalls extending from the bottom to an opening of the groove, said sidewalls diverging from the opening of the groove towards the bottom.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Noise barrier and building blocks for noise barrier
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a noise barrier and to building blocks for a noise barrier.
A noise barrier, alternatively referred to as soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier or acoustical barrier, which alternative terms may be used throughout the entire specification, is a structure designed to protect people or animals from noise pollution and typically used along roadways, railways and industrial noise sources to mitigate the noise.
An example of a noise barrier is disclosed in Korean patent publication KR101220584B1 in which sound absorption blocks are used in a frame to absorb noise.
Another example of a noise barrier is disclosed in French patent publication FR2742178A1 in which a notched section with a series of convex and concave curves is used to absorb or disperse noise.
A drawback of prior art noise barriers is that the focus is mainly on structural aspects providing a modular character allowing multiple configurations and/or dimensions while trying to provide sufficient noise mitigation thereby neglecting or compromising other possible demands, such as appearance and environmental aspects. It has even proven difficult to provide sufficient noise mitigation in a limited space.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above it is an object of the invention to provide an improved noise barrier that has a modular character, sufficient noise mitigation and takes appearance and/or environmental aspects also into account.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a noise barrier defining a vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis and a longitudinal axis of the noise barrier, and having a front side configured to face a noise source and a rear side opposite the front side, wherein the noise barrier comprises a plurality of modular building blocks, wherein the front side includes a front set of surfaces, each surface of the front set of surfaces making an angle with adjacent surfaces and each surface of the front set of surfaces being non-parallel to the vertical plane, and wherein the front side includes at least one groove including a bottom and sidewalls extending from the bottom to an opening of the groove, said sidewalls diverging from the opening of the groove towards the bottom.
The noise barrier according to the first aspect of the invention has a modular character due to the provision of a plurality of modular building blocks allowing to easily make noise barriers having different lengths and/or heights.
Sufficient noise mitigation is provided by the noise barrier according to the first aspect of the invention by means of the front set of surfaces, the surfaces of which each make an angle with adjacent surfaces, and each are non-parallel to the vertical plane, and by means of the at least one groove, which groove has a relatively small opening compared to the space behind the opening due to the diverging sidewalls. Sound waves reflecting of the front set of surfaces will be reflected in different directions due to the surfaces making an angle with adjacent surfaces and due to the surfaces being non-parallel to the vertical plane. Sound waves entering the groove may be reflected multiple times and thereby reduce in intensity, i.e. get absorbed at least partially in the groove.
The at least one groove with the diverging sidewalls also provides an advantage by providing connection locations for additional building blocks, which connection can be easily done using a form-fit. The shape of the groove is such that a building block having a complementary shape can be held by the groove without requiring additional connection means as the opening is smaller than the space behind the opening. Additional building blocks may include planters or flowerpots or building blocks configured to provide a housing for insects such as bees. The additional building blocks may also serve as reinforcements of the noise barrier or to improve noise mitigation.
it is explicitly noted here that the presence of a front set of surfaces does not exclude the presence of other surfaces, e.g. surfaces that are parallel to the vertical plane. The noise barrier may also be part of a larger structure, wherein other parts of the structure may not be noise barriers according to the first aspect of the invention. To be a noise barrier according to the first aspect of the invention, at least fifty percent of the surface area at the front side is made up of the front set of surfaces, preferably at least seventy percent, more preferably at least eighty percent, most preferably at least ninety percent.
In an embodiment, the at least one groove extends in horizontal direction along the front side. This provides the most flexibility for the positioning of the additional building blocks as noise barriers typically have a length larger than a height.
In an embodiment, a plurality of grooves is provided, which grooves may run parallel to each other and may be arranged such that a distance between each pair of adjacent grooves is substantially equal. By providing a plurality of grooves, the noise mitigation function, and the possibility to add additional building blocks, is extended to other portions of the noise barrier as well. Using a plurality of grooves, the corresponding functions may be more evenly distributed over the entire front side of the noise barrier.
In an embodiment, the bottom of the at least one groove comprises two or more surfaces that are part of the front set of surfaces. This improves the noise dispersion and/or absorption.
In an embodiment, the sidewalls of the at least one groove comprises two or more surfaces that are part of the front set of surfaces. This improves the noise dispersion and/or absorption.
In an embodiment, each surface of the front set of surfaces is non-parallel to the horizontal plane.
In an embodiment, the plurality of building blocks comprises a cured slag mixture, wherein the slag mixture includes steel slag, water and a chelating agent. Hence, the building blocks may comprise stone-like products transformed from converter slag with high performance. Steel slag refers to a slag which is obtained as a by-product in the basic oxygen furnace, from a converter of a Linz-Donawitz steel manufacture process.
In an embodiment, the slag mixture further includes additions, such as sand, gravel and/or limestone.
In an embodiment, the building blocks of the plurality of building blocks have a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa, preferably at least 55 MPa.
In an embodiment, the plurality of building blocks comprise material or are made using a method described in W02020/188070A1, which is herewith incorporated by reference.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a building block for a noise barrier according to the first aspect of the invention, said building block preferably comprising six sides of which two opposite sides are parallel to each other and none of the other sides is parallel to another side, and one or more coupling members at at least one side to couple to an adjacent other building block.
In an embodiment, the two opposite parallel sides are the right side and the left side of the building block. The right side and left side of a building block have a normal to the corresponding surface that is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the noise barrier.
In an embodiment, a front side of the building block is formed by an upper surface and a lower surface.
In an embodiment, a rear side of the building block is formed by an upper surface and a lower surface.
In an embodiment, an edge between the upper and lower surfaces of the front side and an edge between the upper and lower surfaces of the rear side are parallel to each other.
In an embodiment, said edges at the front side and the rear side are in a plane that is parallel to a bottom side of the building block, or parallel to a top side of the building block, or forming a substantially symmetry plane of the building block not taking into 5 account any coupling members.
In an embodiment, one of the left or right sides is larger than the other one of the left and rights sides, and the building block tapers from the larger side to the smaller side.
In an embodiment, coupling members are provided at two opposite sides, e.g. a bottom side and a top side. Preferably, the coupling members at one side include a groove while the coupling members at the other side include a mating protrusion.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a noise barrier defining a vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis and a longitudinal axis of the noise barrier, and having a front side configured to face a noise source and a rear side opposite the front side, wherein the front side includes a plurality of alternatingly arranged horizontally extending protrusions and grooves, wherein a majority of the protrusions has a row of upper surfaces and a row of lower surfaces, each upper surface and adjacent lower surface forming a concave shape in side view, wherein the row of upper surfaces and the row of lower surfaces are arranged such that a protruding edge between the row of upper surfaces and the row of lower surfaces has a triangle wave pattern in top view, wherein each of the plurality of grooves has a bottom and sidewalls extending from the bottom to an opening of the corresponding groove, wherein a height of the opening of the majority of the grooves has a meandering pattern with a minimum height corresponding to a maximum distance of the triangle wave pattern of an adjacent edge to the vertical plane and with a maximum height corresponding to a minimum distance of the triangle wave pattern of an adjacent edge to the vertical plane..
In an embodiment, the bottom of the majority of the grooves includes a row of upper surfaces and a row of lower surfaces, each upper surface and adjacent lower surface forming a convex shape in side view, wherein the row of upper surfaces and the row of lower surfaces are arranged such that a transition between the row of upper surfaces and the row of lower surfaces has a triangle wave pattern in top view having a 180 degrees phase shift compared to the triangle wave pattern of adjacent protruding edges.
Inan embodiment, the sidewalls of the majority of the grooves diverge from the opening of the corresponding groove towards its bottom.
In an embodiment, the noise barrier is made of a plurality of modular building blocks.
Features and/or embodiments described in relation to one aspect of the invention may readily be applied to other aspects of the invention where appropriate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described in a non-limiting way by reference to the accompanying drawings in which like parts are indicated by like reference symbols, and in which:
Fig. 1 schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of a noise barrier according to the invention,
Fig. 2 schematically depicts a perspective view of a rear side of the noise barrier of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 schematically depicts a perspective view of a front side of the noise barrier,
Fig. 4 schematically depicts a perspective view of a building block of the first type,
Fig. 5 schematically depicts a side view of the building block of Fig. 4,
Fig. 6 schematically depicts a perspective view of a building block of the third type,
Fig. 7 schematically depicts another perspective view of the building block of Fig. 6, and
Fig. 8 schematically depicts two portions of the noise barrier of Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figs. 1 to 3 schematically depict a noise barrier NB according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular according to a first and third aspect of the invention. Fig. 1 depicts a cross-sectional view, Fig. 2 depicts a perspective view of a rear side RS of the noise barrier NB, and Fig. 3 depicts a perspective view of a front side FS of the noise barrier NB.
The noise barrier NB defines a non-visible vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis V, see
Fig. 1, and a longitudinal axis of the noise barrier NB. The longitudinal axis in this embodiment is perpendicular to the vertical axis V and a horizontal axis H as depicted in
Fig. 1 and thus parallel to a longitudinal direction LD as depicted in Figs. 2 and 3. Hence, the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the plane of drawing in Fig. 1. The longitudinal axis and thus the vertical plane may intersect, i.e. may include, a center of gravity of the noise barrier NB, or alternatively (when different from the center of gravity) may intersect, i.e. may include, a geometric center of the cross-section of the noise barrier NB as depicted in Fig. 1, although for an understanding of the invention this is not necessary.
The front side FS of the noise barrier NB is configured to face a noise source such as a highway, railway, industrial complex or building or any other noise source that needs to be mitigated for persons and/or objects at a rear side RS of the noise barrier. However, it is also envisaged that the noise barrier NB needs to be configured to mitigate noise in both directions and thus a noise source may also be present at the rear side RS which will be explained in more detail below.
The noise barrier NB comprises a plurality of modular building blocks of which a few are indicated using reference symbol BB. By stacking a different number of building blocks
BB, the resulting noise barrier NB can have a different height. Adding stacks of building blocks BB in longitudinal direction allows to set the length of the noise barrier NBto a local situation. The noise barrier NB depicted in Figs. 1-3 has length of 16 building blocks
BB and a height of 12 building blocks BB, but this is merely exemplary.
Depending on the size and weight of the noise barrier NB and the state of the underground, a foundation F as depicted in Fig. 1 may be used to support the noise barrier NB. However, in case the ground itself is able to support the noise barrier NB, no foundation may be necessary.
The noise barrier NB in Figs. 1-3 is build using different building blocks BB, which different building blocks will be described below in more detail.
On top of the foundation F, a building block of a first type BB1 and a building block of a second type BB2 are intermittently arranged in the longitudinal direction LD. In this embodiment, the building block of the first type BB1 and the building block of the second type BB2 are mirror images of each other.
The building block of the first type BB1 is depicted in Figs. 4 and 5, where Fig. 4 is a perspective view and Fig. 5 is a side view. The building block of the first type BB1 has six sides: - afront side BB1f formed by an upper surface BB1fu and a lower surface BB1fl, - arear side BB1r formed by an upper surface BB1ru and a lower surface BB1rl, - a bottom side formed by bottom surface BB1b, - atop side formed by top surface BB1t, - aright side formed by side surface BB1s, and - a left side opposite the right side, which is non-visible in Figs. 4 and 5.
In this embodiment, the right side and left side are parallel to each other and in this specific embodiment also parallel to a plane spanned by the vertical V and horizontal H as depicted in Fig. 1. In other words, a normal to the right side and a normal to the left side of the building block are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, i.e. the longitudinal direction LD, of the noise barrier when part of the noise barrier NB.
The bottom surface BB1b is parallel to a horizontal plane spanned by the horizontal H and the longitudinal direction LD, so that it can be easily positioned on the ground or a foundation F and provide a base for the rest of the noise barrier NB.
The edges, or alternatively referred to as transitions, between the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces, here denoted using reference symbols E1, £2, run parallel to each other and are at the same height.
The height of the building block BB1 at the front side is larger than at the rear side, and the surfaces at the front side, rear side and the top side all taper inwards from the large right side to the smaller left side, so that none of these surfaces are either parallel to the vertical plane or the horizontal plane.
The top surface BB1t is provided with two grooves G1, G2 extending mainly in the longitudinal direction LD. At least one of the two grooves G1, G2, in this embodiment groove G2, is used to couple the building block BB1 to another building block arranged on top of the building block BB1 by receiving a corresponding protrusion to form a stack. In some embodiments, the other one of the two grooves G1, G2, in this embodiment groove
G1, may be used to couple one stack of building blocks to an adjacent stack of building blocks by introducing a coupling element in the grooves of adjacent building blocks.
As mentioned before, a building block of the second type BB2 is a mirror image of a building block of the first type BB1. The right side of one block is therefore complementary to the left side of the other block and vice versa.
A main body of the noise barrier NB between the base building blocks BB1, BB2 on the foundation F and the top building blocks to be described later in detail, is formed using building blocks according to a third type BB3, fourth type BB4, fifth type BB5 and sixth type BB6.
Building blocks of the third type BB3 and the building blocks of the fourth type BB4 are intermittently arranged in the longitudinal direction LD to provide first rows of building blocks to form a protrusion at the rear side of the noise barrier NB and to form a bottom of a groove at the front side of the noise barrier NB. Again, a building block of the third type BB3 is a mirror image of a building block of the fourth type BB4.
Building blocks of the fifth type BB5 and the building blocks of the sixth type BB6 are intermittently arranged in the longitudinal direction LD to provide second rows of building blocks to form a protrusion at the front side of the noise barrier NB and to form a bottom of a groove at the rear side of the noise barrier NB, Again, a building block of the fifth type BB5 is a mirror image of a building block of the sixth type BB6.
In height direction, the first rows of building blocks and the second rows of building blocks are also intermittently arranged.
Building blocks of the third and fourth type are similar to corresponding building blocks of the fifth and sixth type but differ in size, so that the protrusions and corresponding grooves formed at the front side of the noise barrier are larger than the protrusions and corresponding grooves formed at the rear side.
A building block of the third type BB3 will now be used to describe the shape of the building blocks of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth type by reference to Figs. 6 and 7 which show different perspective views of a building block of the third type BB3.
The building block of the third type BB3 has six sides: - a front side BB3f formed by an upper surface BB3fu and a lower surface BB3fl, - arear side BB3r formed by an upper surface BB3ru and a lower surface BB3rl, - a bottom side formed by bottom surface BB3b, - atop side formed by top surface BB3t, - aright side formed by side surface BB3s, and - a left side opposite the right side formed by side surface BB3ss.
In this embodiment, the right side and left side are parallel to each other and in this specific embodiment also parallel to a plane spanned by the vertical V and horizontal H as depicted in Fig. 1.
The edges between the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces, here denoted using reference symbols £1, E2, run parallel to each other and are at the same height. The edges E1, E2 are in a plane that forms a symmetry plane for the building block except for coupling members in the top surface BB3t and bottom surface BB3b.
The height of the building block BB3 at the front side is smaller than at the rear side, and the surfaces at the front side, rear side and the top side all taper inwards from the large left side to the smaller right side, so that none of these surfaces are either parallel to the vertical plane or the horizontal plane.
The top surface BB3t is provided with two grooves G1, G2 extending mainly in the longitudinal direction LD. At least one of the two grooves G1, G2, in this embodiment groove G2, is used to couple the building block BB3 to another building block, i.e. a building block of the fifth type BB5 in this embodiment, arranged on top of the building block BB3 by receiving a corresponding protrusion P to form a stack. In some embodiments, the other one of the two grooves G1, G2, in this embodiment groove G1, may be used to couple one stack of building blocks to an adjacent stack of building blocks by introducing a coupling element in the grooves of adjacent building blocks.
The bottom surface BB3b is provided with a groove G3 and a protrusion P extending mainly in the longitudinal direction LD. The protrusion P is used to couple the building block BB3 to another building block, e.g. a building block of the first type BB1 or a building block of the fifth type BBS, arranged below the building block BB3 by being received in a corresponding groove G2 to form a stack. The groove G3 in this embodiment mates with a groove G1 of a building block of the first type BB1 or a building block of the fifth type
BB5 to couple one stack of building blocks to an adjacent stack of building blocks by introducing a coupling element in the spaces provided by the grooves G1, G3 of adjacent building blocks.
At an upper end of the noise barrier NB, building blocks of the seventh type BB7 and building blocks of the eighth type BB8 are intermittently arranged in the longitudinal direction LD as top building blocks. Again, the building block of the seventh type BB7 is a mirror image of the building block of the eighth type BBS.
The top building blocks show great similarities with the building blocks of the first and second type BB1, BB2. However, instead of having a horizontally arranged bottom surface, the top building blocks have a horizontally arranged top surface. Further, instead of having grooves in the top surface, the top building blocks have a protrusion and a groove similar to the building blocks of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth type to couple to a building block below the top building block. in an embodiment, the building blocks of the seventh type BB7 may be identical to the building blocks of the first type BB1 although arranged upside down. In an embodiment, the building blocks of the eighth type BB8 may be identical to the building blocks of the second type although arranged upside down.
Using the building blocks as described above, a noise barrier NB is provided having a front side FS with a front set of surfaces, wherein each surface of the front set of surfaces makes an angle with adjacent surfaces, and each surface of the front set of surfaces is non-parallel to the vertical plane. In this embodiment, each surface of the front set of surfaces is also non-parallel to the horizontal plane.
Further, five grooves GR1-GR5 are provided at the front side FS of the noise barrier NB.
The bottom of each groove is formed by the front side of the building blocks according to the third and fourth type. The sidewalls are formed by bottom surfaces and top surfaces of adjacent building blocks. As can be clearly seen in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, the sidewalls extend from the respective bottom to an opening of the groove, wherein said sidewalls diverge from the opening of the respective groove towards the bottom.
Using the building blocks as described above, a noise barrier NB is provided having a rear side RS with a rear set of surfaces, wherein each surface of the rear set of surfaces makes an angle with adjacent surfaces, and each surface of the rear set of surfaces is non- parallel to the vertical plane. In this embodiment, each surface of the rear set of surfaces is also non-parallel to the horizontal plane.
Further, six grooves GR6-GR11 are provided at the rear side RS of the noise barrier NB.
The bottom of each groove is formed by the rear side of the building blocks according to the fifth and sixth type. The sidewalls are formed by bottom surfaces and top surfaces of adjacent building blocks. As can be clearly seen in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, the sidewalls extend from the respective bottom to an opening of the groove, wherein said sidewalls diverge from the opening of the respective groove towards the bottom.
Due to the building blocks of the third and fourth type being smaller than the building blocks of the fifth and sixth type, the grooves at the rear side are less deep than the grooves at the front side FS. As a result, the noise mitigation at the front side is likely to be better than the noise mitigation at the rear side. However, the advantage of having such grooves at both sides is that they can be used to easily connect additional building blocks. Advantages of such additional building blocks are shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and denoted using reference symbol AB.
The additional building blocks AB have shapes complementary to the shape of the groove they are positioned into, so that they are retained by the corresponding groove using a form-fit. Preferably, the additional building blocks have a length that is larger than a length of a building block, so that they function as connection elements between different stacks of building blocks or at least reinforce the noise barrier NB locally.
The additional building blocks may further function as planters or flowerpots and/or accommodate living spaces for insects, birds, and the like.
The noise barrier NB depicted in Figs. 1-3 and the building blocks described in relation to
Figs. 4-7 can be used to build a noise barrier NB according to Figs. 1-3, which noise barrier is also a noise barrier according to the third aspect of the invention as will be explained by reference to Figs. 1-7 and Fig. 8 below.
The noise barrier NB defines a vertical plane VP (see Fig. 8) spanned by a vertical axis parallel to the vertical direction V and a longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal direction LD. Fig. 8 depicts at A a top view of a portion of the noise barrier NB and at B a front view of a groove GR at a front side FS of the noise barrier. Dashed lines extending between the A and B parts of Fig. 8 indicate equal locations in the top view and the front view.
At the front side FS of the noise barrier NB a plurality of grooves GR1-GR5 are arranged horizontally, which grooves GR2- GR5 are arranged in between horizontal protrusions formed by building blocks BB5 and BB6. Groove GR1 is arranged in between a protrusion formed by building blocks BB5 and BB6 and a protrusion formed by building blocks BB1 and BB2.
The groove GR in Fig. 8 corresponds to any of the grooves GR2-GR5. The groove GR is arranged in between two protrusions PR1 and PR2, each formed by an alternatingly arranged row of building blocks BB5 and BB6. These building blocks BB5, BB6 form sidewalls of the groove GR. A bottom of the groove GR is formed by alternatingly arranged building blocks BB3 and BB4.
Protrusion PR1 and PR2 each include a row of upper surfaces BB5fu associated with building blocks BB5 and BB6fu associated with building blocks BB6, and a row of lower surfaces BB5fl associated with building blocks BB5 and BB6fl associated with building blocks BB6, A protruding edge E1.5 is defined as a transition between upper surface
BB5fu and lower surface BB5fl and a protruding edge E1.6 is defined as a transition between upper surface BB6fu and BB6fl. Each upper surface has an associated adjacent lower surface thereby forming a pair of upper and lower surfaces. Each pair of upper and lower surfaces of the protrusions PR1 and PR2 forms a concave shape in side view, i.e. an edge between the upper and lower surface is at a larger distance to the vertical plane VP than the upper and lower surfaces. In other words, the upper and lower surfaces extend from the associated edge towards the vertical plane VP.
In top view {see portion A of Fig. 8), the edges E1.5 and E1.6 together have a triangle wave pattern.
The groove GR has a bottom with a row of upper surfaces BB3fu associated with building blocks BB3 and BB4fu associated with building blocks BB4, and a row of lower surfaces
BB3fl associated with building blocks BB3 and BB4fl associated with building blocks BB4. A transition (or edge) E1.3 is defined between upper surface BB3fu and lower surface BB3fl, and a transition (or edge) E1.4 is defined between upper surface BB4fu and lower surface
BB4fl. Each upper surface of the bottom of the groove GR has an associated adjacent lower surface thereby forming a pair of upper and lower surfaces. Each pair of upper and lower surfaces of the bottom of the groove GR forms a convex shape in side view, i.e. a transition between the upper and lower surface is at a smaller distance to the vertical plane VP than the upper and lower surfaces. In other words, the upper and lower surfaces extend from the associated transition away from the vertical plane VP.
In top view {see portion A of Fig. 8), the edges E1.3 and E1.4 together have a triangle wave pattern, which in this embodiment has a 180 degrees phase shift relative to the triangle wave pattern by the edges E1.5 and E£1.6 of adjacent protrusions PR1, PR2.
The groove GR has an opening OP which is clearly visible in portion B of Fig. 8. The opening OP is in this embodiment symmetrical about a horizontal plane through the transitions E1.3 and E1.4. A height H1 of the opening meanders between a maximum height corresponding to a minimum distance D1 of the protruding edge formed by edges £1.5 and E1.6, and a minimum height corresponding to a maximum distance D2 of said protruding edge.
Although the above has been described with reference to the front side FS of the noise barrier, the same may apply to the rear side RS of the noise barrier NB.

Claims (15)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een geluidsbarrière die een verticaal vlak definieert opgespannen door een verticale as en een langsas van de geluidsbarrière, en omvattende een voorzijde ingericht om naar een geluidsbron te zijn gekeerd en een achterzijde tegenover de voorzijde, waarbij de geluidsbarrière een veelvoud aan modulaire bouwstenen omvat, met het kenmerk, dat de voorzijde een voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken omvat, waarbij elk oppervlak van de voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken een hoek maakt met aangrenzende oppervlakken, en elk oppervlak van de voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken niet-parallel is aan het verticale vlak, en dat de voorzijde ten minste één groef omvat met een bodem en zijwanden die zich uitstrekken vanaf de bodem naar een opening van de groef, waarbij de zijwanden divergeren vanaf de opening van de groef naar de bodem toe.1. A sound barrier defining a vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis and a longitudinal axis of the sound barrier, and comprising a front side adapted to face a sound source and a rear side opposite the front side, wherein the sound barrier comprises a plurality of modular building blocks, characterized in that the front comprises a front set of surfaces, each surface of the front set of surfaces being at an angle with adjacent surfaces, and each surface of the front set of surfaces being non-parallel to the vertical plane, and that the front includes at least one groove with a bottom and side walls extending from the bottom to an opening of the groove, the side walls diverging from the opening of the groove towards the bottom. 2. Een geluidsbarrière volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de ten minste ene groef zich uitstrekt in horizontale richting langs de voorzijde.A sound barrier according to claim 1, wherein the at least one groove extends in horizontal direction along the front side. 3. Een geluidsbarrière volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij een veelvoud aan groeven zijn verschaft.A sound barrier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of grooves are provided. 4. Een geluidsbarrière volgens conclusie 3, waarbij de veelvoud aan groeven zijn aangebracht zodanig dat een afstand tussen elk paar van aangrenzende groeven in hoofdzaak gelijk is.A sound barrier according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of grooves are arranged such that a distance between each pair of adjacent grooves is substantially equal. 5. Een geluidsbarrière volgens een van de conclusies 1 t/m 4, waarbij de bodem van de ten minste ene groef ten minste twee oppervlakken omvat die onderdeel zijn van de voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken.A sound barrier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom of the at least one groove comprises at least two surfaces that are part of the front set of surfaces. 6. Een geluidsbarrière volgens een van de conclusies 1 t/m 5, waarbij de zijwanden van de ten minste ene groef ten minste twee oppervlakken omvatten die onderdeel zijn van de voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken.A sound barrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the side walls of the at least one groove comprise at least two surfaces that are part of the front set of surfaces. 7. Een geluidsbarrière volgens een van de conclusies 1 t/m 6, waarbij elk oppervlak van de voorzijde verzameling van oppervlakken niet-parallel is aan het horizontale vlak.A sound barrier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each surface of the front set of surfaces is non-parallel to the horizontal plane. 8. Een geluidsbarrière volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij de veelvoud aan bouwstenen een uitgehard slakkenmengsel omvat, waarbij het slakkenmengsel staalslak, water en een chelatievormer omvat.A sound barrier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of building blocks comprises a hardened slag mixture, wherein the slag mixture comprises steel slag, water and a chelating agent. 9. Een bouwsteen voor een geluidsbarrière volgens een van de conclusies 1 t/m 8.A building block for a sound barrier according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Een bouwsteen volgens conclusie 9, waarbij de bouwsteen zes zijden omvat waarvan twee tegenoverliggende zijden parallel aan elkaar zijn en geen van de andere zijden paralle is aan een andere zijde, en een of meer koppelorganen aan ten minste één zijde voor het koppelen met een aangrenzende bouwsteen.A building block according to claim 9, wherein the building block comprises six sides of which two opposite sides are parallel to each other and none of the other sides are parallel to any other side, and one or more coupling members on at least one side for coupling to a adjacent building block. 11. Een bouwsteen volgens conclusie 9 of 10, waarbij een voorzijde van de bouwsteen is gevormd door een bovenste oppervlak en een onderste oppervlak.A building block according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a front side of the building block is formed by an upper surface and a lower surface. 12. Een bouwsteen volgens een van de conclusies 9 t/m 11, waarbij een achterzijde van de bouwsteen is gevormd door een bovenste oppervlak en een onderste bovenvlak.A building block according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a rear side of the building block is formed by an upper surface and a lower upper surface. 13. Een bouwsteen volgens een combinatie van conclusies 11 en 12, waarbij een rand tussen het bovenste en onderste oppervlak van de voorzijde en een rand tussen het bovenste en onderste oppervlak van de achterzijde parallel aan elkaar zijn.A building block according to a combination of claims 11 and 12, wherein an edge between the upper and lower surfaces of the front and an edge between the upper and lower surfaces of the rear are parallel to each other. 14. Een bouwsteen volgens een van de conclusies 9 t/m 13, waarbij een van de linker of rechter zijdes groter is dan de andere van de linker en rechter zijdes, en waarbij de bouwsteen taps toe loopt van de grotere zijde naar de kleinere zijde.A building block according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein one of the left or right sides is larger than the other of the left and right sides, and wherein the building block tapers from the larger side to the smaller side . 15. Een geluidsbarrière die een verticaal vlak definieert opgespannen door een verticale as en een langsas van de geluidsbarrière, en omvattende een voorzijde ingericht om naar een geluidsbron te zijn gekeerd en een achterzijde tegenover de voorzijde, waarbij de voorzijde een veelvoud aan afwisselend aangebrachte zich horizontaal uitstrekkende uitsteeksels en groeven, waarbij een meerderheid van de uitsteeksels een rij bovenste oppervlakken en een rij onderste oppervlakken heeft, waarbij elk bovenste oppervlak en aangrenzend onderste oppervlak een concave vorm vormen in zijaanzicht, waarbij de rij van bovenste oppervlakken en rij van onderste oppervlakken zo zijn aangebracht dat een uitstekende rand tussen de rij van bovenste oppervlakken en onderste rij van oppervlakken een driehoekig golfpatroon heeft in bovenaanzicht, waarbij elk van de veelvoud aan groeven een bodem heeft en zijwanden die zich uitstrekken vanaf de bodem naar een opening van de overeenkomstige groef, waarbij een hoogte van de opening van de meerderheid van de groeven een meanderend patroon heeft met een minimum hoogte overeenkomend met een maximum afstand van het driehoekige golfpatroon van een aangrenzende rand tot het verticale viak en met een maximum hoogte overeenkomend met een minimale afstand van het driehoekige golfpatroon van een aangrenzende rand tot het verticale vlak.15. A sound barrier defining a vertical plane spanned by a vertical axis and a longitudinal axis of the sound barrier, and comprising a front side arranged to face a sound source and a rear side opposite the front side, the front side having a plurality of alternately arranged horizontally extending projections and grooves, where a majority of the projections have a row of upper surfaces and a row of lower surfaces, each upper surface and adjacent lower surface forming a concave shape in side view, the row of upper surfaces and row of lower surfaces being so arranged so that a projecting edge between the row of upper surfaces and lower row of surfaces has a triangular wave pattern in plan view, each of the plurality of grooves having a bottom and side walls extending from the bottom to an opening of the corresponding groove, wherein a height of the opening of the majority of the grooves has a meandering pattern with a minimum height corresponding to a maximum distance of the triangular wave pattern from an adjacent edge to the vertical viak and with a maximum height corresponding to a minimum distance of the triangular wave pattern from an adjacent edge to the vertical plane.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1194703A (en) * 1983-06-14 1985-10-08 Andre Hamel Block for the construction of retaining walls
DE9015196U1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1991-02-21 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen, De
FR2742178A1 (en) 1995-12-12 1997-06-13 Promo Brevet Borg Sarl Prefabricated block for sound-proof walls and constructing walls and floors
KR101220584B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2013-01-10 송미자 Soundproof panel with profabricated sound absorption block and method for constructing and soundproof walls using the same
WO2014186376A2 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Johnson Jay J Multi-use building block and methods
KR20150064632A (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-11 박종원 Eco Concrete Soundproofing Block
WO2020188070A1 (en) 2019-03-21 2020-09-24 Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. Method for the manufacture of high-end performance steel slag-based building products

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1194703A (en) * 1983-06-14 1985-10-08 Andre Hamel Block for the construction of retaining walls
DE9015196U1 (en) * 1990-10-08 1991-02-21 Sf-Vollverbundstein-Kooperation Gmbh, 2820 Bremen, De
FR2742178A1 (en) 1995-12-12 1997-06-13 Promo Brevet Borg Sarl Prefabricated block for sound-proof walls and constructing walls and floors
KR101220584B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2013-01-10 송미자 Soundproof panel with profabricated sound absorption block and method for constructing and soundproof walls using the same
WO2014186376A2 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-20 Johnson Jay J Multi-use building block and methods
KR20150064632A (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-11 박종원 Eco Concrete Soundproofing Block
WO2020188070A1 (en) 2019-03-21 2020-09-24 Tata Steel Ijmuiden B.V. Method for the manufacture of high-end performance steel slag-based building products

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