NL2031058A - Technology based on multi-element fingerprint analysis to evaluate vertical differentiation of elements in soils at different altitudes and application thereof - Google Patents

Technology based on multi-element fingerprint analysis to evaluate vertical differentiation of elements in soils at different altitudes and application thereof Download PDF

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NL2031058A
NL2031058A NL2031058A NL2031058A NL2031058A NL 2031058 A NL2031058 A NL 2031058A NL 2031058 A NL2031058 A NL 2031058A NL 2031058 A NL2031058 A NL 2031058A NL 2031058 A NL2031058 A NL 2031058A
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soil
elements
evaluating
vertical
different heights
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NL2031058A
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NL2031058B1 (en
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Xu Yingying
Zhu Xiaoyan
Liang Shuang
Wu Zhong
Yuan Yuxiang
ZHU Yinze
Zhao Ke
Yu Xiangfei
Zhang Peng
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Univ Jilin Jianzhu
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract

Disclosed is a method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by 5 using multi-element fingerprint analysis, which comprises the following steps: 8101: determine the study area; 8102: collect soil at different altitudes in the study area; 8103: measure and analyse the multi-element content and relevant environmental factors; 8104: analyse the distribution of soil multi elements at different altitudes, and statistically analyse the vertical differentiation and key driving factors at different altitudes based on redundancy analysis (RDA) 10 and non metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS). The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by using the multi-element fingerprint analysis has the advantages of simple operation, economy, convenience and high accuracy.

Description

Technology based on multi-element fingerprint analysis to evaluate vertical differentiation of elements in soils at different altitudes and application thereof
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure is related to a method and application for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil elements at different altitudes based on multi-element fingerprint analysis.
BACKGROUND
The Changbai Mountain has the largest spectrum of vertical zone systems in China, and there are significant differences among different critical zones of vertical zones at different altitudes, such as vegetation communities, soil physical and chemical properties, hydrological processes, and microbial communities. Previous studies on different ecological processes in the
Changbai Mountain have mostly focused on elements in a single critical zone, and most of them are focused on the macronutrients C, N, P and some heavy metals, while few studies focused on other elements such as Zr, Sb, lanthanides and actinides.
Multi-element analysis is a technique based on the characteristic "fingerprint" information retained by each element to indicate and manifest the trace of the source, and is widely used in the origin tracing of agricultural products. Multi-element fingerprinting can be regarded as a way of thinking and a tool that can be extended to different fields. Multi-element analysis has proven to be an economical and effective tool to indicate soil conditions.
As the core element of the Earth's critical zone, pedosphere is the most active zone in the
Earth's surface system, and is the pivot between the Earth's multiple zones, which is the critical zone to solve the energy conversion (Song et al., 2020). Soil forming processes are important nodes that control the flow and transformation of substance, energy and information in the critical zones on the earth. Soil humus and leachate layers are formed by the decomposition of dead plant roots and deadfall, etc., and can enrich many elements through complexation reactions and act as chemical barriers; soil illuvial horizons mainly reflect soil formation processes. The material-energy flow between different soil layers has the characteristics of inheritance. Situated at a unique international geographic location, Changbai Mountain has the largest spectrum of vertical mountain ecosystems in China, with deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (below 700 m above sea level), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest zone (700-1000 m above sea level), boreal coniferous forest zone (1100-1800 m above sea level), subalpine birch forest zone (1800-2100 m above sea level) and tundra zone (above 2100 m above sea level). The geochemical characteristics of multi-element distribution, migration and enrichment among different soil layers at different altitudes are important for understanding the vertical differentiation pattern of mountain soils.
Changbai Mountain is an ideal site to explore and validate the application of multi-element fingerprinting in mountain vertical ecosystems. Soil multi-element biogeochemical processes are closely related to a variety of environmental elements, especially in the context of global climate change, this aspect of research is particularly important and urgent. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate a cost-effective and convenient method to assess vertical sail partitioning patterns in mountain ecosystems at different altitudes.
SUMMARY
To address the above problems, the disclosure provides a technology for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil elements at different altitudes based on multi-element fingerprint analysis.
In the first aspect, the disclosure provides a method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by multi-element fingerprint analysis, comprising the following steps:
S101: determine the study area;
S102: collect soil samples at different altitudes in the study area;
S103: measure and analyse the multi-element content and relevant environmental factors;
S104: analyse the distribution law of soil multielement at different altitudes, and statistically analyse the vertical differentiation and key driving factors at different altitudes based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS).
The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by multi- element fingerprint analysis is simple, economical and convenient with high accuracy.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, the study area should have an obvious mountain vertical natural zone spectrum, and the collected soils include soils with different altitude vertical gradients.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S101, the soil at different altitudes in the study area is divided into illuvial horizon (A) and eluvial horizon (B). This is because soil process is an important node to control the flow and transformation of substance, energy and information in the key belt of the earth. Moreover, the soil illuvial horizon is decomposed by plant dead roots and litter, which can enrich many elements through complexation reaction and act as a chemical barrier; the soil eluvial horizon mainly reflects the soil-forming process.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, after step S102, it also includes the following steps: transporting the collected soils to laboratory, freeze-drying, grinding and screening;
Preferably, the collected soils was transported by a freezer.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, before step S103, it also includes the following steps: crushing, grinding and screening with a ceramic mortar or ball mill. Preferably, the loss on ignition method is used to determine soil organic matter; the multi-element concentration is determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry).
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S104, the soil multi-element distribution at each altitude is analysed, and the soil multi-element vertical differentiation rule and key driving factors at different altitudes are statistically analysed based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and non metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS).
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S103, if more than half of the element concentration is lower than the detection limit, these elements are considered to be undetectable and discarded; For the remaining elements, the value below the detection limit is replaced by the detection limit concentration.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S104, the relationship between the environmental variables and multi-element concentration is determined by Canoco 5.0.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S104, the ratio of the element concentration in the illuvial horizon and in the eluvial horizon is used to determine the element enrichment and migration; Preferably, when the ratio (illuvial horizon/eluvial horizon) is greater than 1, it is considered that elements are enriched in the illuvial horizon; when the ratio is less than 1 than that in the upper eluvial horizon, it is considered that the elements are leaching.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S102, the altitude is 800 m-1700 m.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S102, the altitude is selected from at least one of 800 m, 950 m, 1100 m, 1250 m, 1400 m, 1500 m and 1700 m.
As a specific embodiment of the disclosure, in step S103, the environmental factor includes at least one of various soil elements, soil organic matter, pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; Preferably, there are 40 to 45 kinds of elements; More preferably, there are 43 kinds of the elements.
In the second aspect, the disclosure provides the application of the method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by using the multi-element fingerprint analysis method in the field of mountain systems.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1 shows driving factors of multi-element distribution at different altitudes of Changbai
Mountain;
Fig. 2 illustrates a NMDS analysis of different soil layers at different altitudes in Changbai
Mountain;
Fig. 3 shows a NMDS analysis of vertical distribution of soil at different altitudes in
Changbai Mountain.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The disclosure is further described below in combination with specific embodiments, but does not constitute any limitation of the disclosure.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 provides a method for evaluating soil vertical differentiation at different altitudes by using multi-element fingerprint analysis method, including the following steps: (1) Soil areas at different altitudes of Changbai Mountain were selected for study.
Soils at different altitudes (800 m, 850 m, 1100 m, 1250 m, 1400 m, 1500 m and 1700 m) of
Changbai Mountain were selected for collection, including illuvial horizon and eluvial horizon.
Four sample repetitions are set for each altitude gradient. (2) The soil in the study area was collected.
After removing loose litter from the soil surface, collect humus / illuvial horizon (- 0-30 cm) and illuvial horizon (-30-50 cm) soil with sampling shovel. In order to prevent contamination interference from the shovel or substrate surface, about 125 cm? of samples were grabbed from the excavated soil bottom with an inverted self-sealing bag. The collected soil samples are transported to the laboratory in an insulated freezer, and then maintained at 4 °C until further treatment.
In the laboratory, the samples were freeze-dried. The content of soil organic matter was measured by loss on ignition method; One part is ground and screened by ceramic mortar or ball mill, and the multi-element content is determined by ICP-MS. (3) Statistically analysing the elements in the collected soil, and analysing the vertical differentiation of multi elements at different altitudes.
All element concentrations (either ppm or %) are converted to mg/kg. If the element concentration of more than half of the samples is lower than the detection limit, it is considered that these samples are generally undetectable and will not be included in the data analysis. For the remaining samples, the values below the detection limit are replaced by the detection limit concentration (Farnham et al., 2002). The statistical analysis of the data followed Reimann et al. (2008). The relationship between multi-element vertical differentiation rule, environmental variables (pH, TN, TP and OM) and multi-element concentration was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA) and NMDS analysis using Canoco for windows (version 5.0).
Table 1 The concentration distribution of multi-element and soil organic matter in different altitude gradients in Changbai Mountain.
Table 2 Analysis of soil element leaching and enrichment at different altitudes in the
Changbai Mountain.
Table 1 Concentration distribution of multi elements and soil organic matter in different altitude gradients in Changbai Mountain (mean + standard deviation)
Orga- eleva | soil nic / tion layer | mat- TN TP Li ter% surfa | 20.87% | 6171.06+ | 843.29+ | 25.53+ | 0.0410 | 29.811 | 10788.90 | 6341.411t ce 8.94 | 2840.11 233.47 3.79 .01 5.14 $1374.06 488.70 800 layer lower | 3.1241 | 1147.65+ | 391.771 | 34.841 | 0.0310 | 40.28% | 13121.22 | 7505.37 surfa | 35.34% | 8627.10+ | 963.55+ | 11.95 | 0.1110 | 34.69% | 13020.32 | 5121.05 ce 17.78 4407.33 246.91 4.93 .03 17.25 | +8557.35 1018.80 950 layer lower | 20.671 | 5677.781 | 624.531 | 17.321 | 0.07+0 | 35.121+ | 18479.71 | 5033.16% surfa | 46.481 | 12229.49 | 1036.49 | 11.481 | 0.10+0 | 25.401 | 8151.08+ | 4983.911 ce 9.28 +2579.83 | £205.77 3.37 .02 9.11 2358.38 750.89 1100 layer lower | 11.06+ | 3616.09+ | 552.841 | 21.291 | 0.06+0 | 38.59+ | 22797.03 | 4266.24+ surfa | 33.23+ | 5624.23+ | 563.45+ | 13.66+ | 0.08+0 | 32.771 | 13567.84 | 4460.031t ce 12.62 1289.10 8.15 3.57 .02 6.30 $3246.30 648.94 1250 layer lower | 8.2041 | 1718.08+ | 330.981 | 21.001 | 0.0640 | 49.97% | 22111.28 | 4568.03 surfa | 28.261 | 7265.17+ | 820.18 | 17.46% | 0.0610 | 35.451 | 11902.88 | 5928.121t ce 8.76 2485.63 144.71 2.21 .01 463 $2556.59 889.53 1400 layer lower | 8.09+2 | 1966.33+ | 544.101 | 24.661 | 0.05+0 | 54.21% | 1814041 | 6722.64+ surfa | 29.431 | 7940.25+ | 1113.63 | 16.98+ | 0.0610 | 38.63% | 11192.7+ | 6033.871t 1500 ce 14.63 3531.55 167.616 4.24 .02 9.22 3184.6 585.08 layer lower | 8.24+1 | 2012.78+ | 626.011 | 25.06% | 0.050% | 54.07% | 17823.7+ | 6691.8+8 layer 18 339.38 111.33 1.91 0.002 1.60 870153 53.64 surfa 20.35% | 5236.61 | 701.99 | 21.48% | 0.0540 | 45.871 | 15775.25 | 6403.71 ce 8.12 1624.58 125.25 3.19 .01 5.03 $2829.73 388.34 1700 | layer lower | 8.19+0 | 2306.89+ | 513.851 | 24.42+ | 0.05+0 | 60.01% | 21698.85 | 6261.28+% layer 71 313.28 19.89 1.42 .00 1.43 +3171.78 1227.44 eleva | soil
Ca Ti tion | layer surfa | 30391. 14726.9 | 8103.2 | 4121.8 | 1222.7 695.5113 18542.05 | 137.293 ce 92125 311826. | 31368 | 01676. | 01462. 10.46 $2778.61 1.37 800 layer | 11.47 24 1.13 06 85 40827. 16287.7 | 3776.9 | 5835.8 | 863.90 lower 306.317 23421.20 | 103.191 82123 541318. | 5+332. | 9+1865. | £392.1 layer 3.35 +1692.73 3.10 38.54 43 17 08 0 surfa | 27959. 15103.6 | 13763. | 3311.2 | 1353.8 1323.04 20547.52 | 256.399 ce 57+12 617790. | 50183 | 1+122 | 0+356. 490.77 +9367.18 9.98 950 layer | 062.99 18 07.05 0.89 05 30833. 17651.2 | 11811. | 3601.8 | 967.09 lower 603.9315 21877.36 | 258.939 93111 5+4606. | 48+93 | 2+153 | +279.0 layer 30.70 +9621.62 1.39 394.00 58 99.52 6.90 2 surfa | 1391.2 10876.1 | 15813. | 2576.1 | 1505.6 1391.27+t 15749.61 | 250.52+4 ce 71206 043115. | 81+40 | 5742. | 3+139. 150.27 +4287.25 0.09 1100 layer 7.24 03 47.40 04 88 33326. 24466.2 | 5331.9 | 3780.4 | 1056.3 lower 459.9418 24451.39 | 202.4244 76166 144411. | 61683. | 2+272. | 7£290. layer 0.24 +860.57 1.18 75.42 80 40 06 13 surfa | 20011. 16470.7 | 5347.3 | 3687.6 | 761.21 615.451 19745.18 | 186.58+2 ce 58+37 014285. | 74770. | 74639. | 438.7 80.50 $3254.99 6.38 1250 layer | 93.83 95 34 54 5 33025. 24766.7 | 4970.6 | 4774.6 | 739.59 lower 273.791 29004.09 | 181.641 13+93 811137. | 9+719. | 9+177. | +177. layer 20.55 +2172.96 9.11 26.22 19 57 41 8 surfa | 30821. 16200.0 | 5306.0 | 4167.7 | 1143.4 746.671 21398.10 | 198.254 ce 12+13 0+3366. | 1+188 | 61737. | 5+547. 63.25 +2208.20 4.37 1400 layer | 357.72 49 7.36 15 16 53803. 22860.3 | 4908.8 | 5899.0 lower 318.587 648.56 | 30870.89 | 185.881 80118 911559. | 94860. | 7+330. layer 2.87 +88.33 | 1857.32 0.56 975.60 47 29 44 surfa | 25803. 14323.7 | 5833.5 | 4153.0 | 1430.0 11798.21t 22446.54 | 227.4415. ce 5+186 +3338.9 | 64346 | 51113 | 41516. 834.20 $4933.36 95 1500 layer | 0.59 3 8.43 5.3 085 39519. 21035.5 | 3361.7 | 5597.2 | 619.39 lower 397.1847 30537.4+ | 166.2+7.9 18451 12766.4 | £394.9 | 74142. | £148.1 layer 2.05 904.338 44 25.85 9 0 17 9 surfa | 39555. 19628.5 | 5701.8 | 4312.2 | 1195.1 649.3311 26136.91 | 235.67+2 ce 10167 112808. | 11650. | 4+425. | 81186. 99.49 +2874.01 1.39 layer | 32.45 95 01 46 56 1700 52864. 25036.8 | 5109.4 | 5062.1 lower 382.3542 959.99 | 33560.14 | 221.8042 471411 141608. | 11423. | 44219. layer 7.36 $49.21 | 1619.69 7.88 78.00 94 72 02 eleva | soil / Vv Cr Co Cu As tion | layer surfa 410.49 | 52.7517.9 | 48.0244 | 6.8640 | 21.67+ | 13.85% ce 5.9310.87 | 0.09+0.05 134.17 4 .99 49 1.70 2.52 800 | layer lower | 445.84 | 66.29+2.3 | 57.9941 | 8.5011 | 20.68% | 9.6110 5.10+1.00 | 0.11+0.12 layer | £33.72 2 .86 .06 0.87 92 surfa 236.76 | 34.3313.1 | 37.5643 | 5.3540 | 17.341 | 12.60% ce 5.38+0.90 | 0.21+0.13 $33.39 8 14 52 1.72 3.34 950 | layer lower | 222.28 | 39.98+9.8 | 42.46+8 | 5.761 | 17.58% | 11.76% 5.46+0.90 | 0.25+0.12 layer | £40.31 8 42 46 2.38 3.37 surfa 265.72 | 34.7247.2 | 37.0345 | 5.5341 | 19.76% | 15.99% ce 4.50+0.56 | 0.23+0.23 152.22 8 .06 33 2.48 2.32 1100 | layer lower | 275.64 | 37.6111. | 38.4317 | 5.6841 | 15.971 | 9.87+2 5.38+0.43 | 0.33+0.08 layer | £97.06 44 .99 .28 3.55 87 surfa 305.70 | 39.68+3.8 | 38.0841 | 4.87+40 | 16.25¢ | 10.41% ce 4.71+0.22 | 0.16+0.02 191.49 9 53 35 0.63 0.75 1250 | layer lower | 245.29 | 40.71+4.8 | 36.4613 | 4.17+40 | 13.70% | 8.3610 5.15+0.45 | 0.19+0.04 layer | £32.81 6 18 ‚63 1.24 97 surfa 346.72 | 46.9614.6 | 43.1611 | 6.3410 | 18.63% | 12.23% ce 6.56+0.73 | 0.16+0.05 130.33 7 74 49 1.27 1.34 1400 | laye lower | 335.58 | 53.79+7.6 | 44.9715 | 5.2410 | 17.07+ | 9.3010 6.44+0.81 | 0.07+0.03 layer | £55.44 5 .60 .69 2.97 33 surfa 309.52 | 51.69+13. | 46.6618 | 6.9111 | 22.69% | 14.444 ce 7.68+0.99 | 0.33+0.20 £32.41 94 .96 21 +1.18 2.19 1500 | layer lower | 306.21 46.6014 | 4.9610 | 21.741 | 10.541 53.915.70 6.37+0.30 | 0.13+0.11 layer | £29.71 ‚59 .64 4.61 1.07 surfa 320.02 | 47.3846.0 | 42.97+4 | 6.5040 | 18.21% | 11.71% ce 7.4810.44 | 0.01+0.06 113.46 7 ‚02 40 1.05 0.66 1700 | layer lower | 323.21 | 43.04+8.2 | 39.4114 | 5.2240 | 15.48% | 8.9010 6.16+0.38 | 0.18+0.08 layer | £54.37 0 .61 .95 1.98 .91 eleva | soil
Cd La tion | layer surfa 89.261 2.42+0. | 0.9110 | 0.3610 | 24.62+ 22.02+2.9 ce 1.11+0.08 9.54+0.24 9.50 29 ‚04 18 2.13 0 800 | layer lower | 89.48+ 1.00£0.17 1.9410. | 0.8210 | 0.0840 | 19.33% | 11.2240.4 | 24.86+1.2 0010. layer | 3.53 70 10 .03 1.08 0 8 surfa 87.49% 4.13+2. | 0.8640 | 0.7510 | 35.04% 28.7515. ce 2.30+1.17 8.57+1.20 41.65 52 18 35 10.31 87 950 | layer lower | 97.89+ 4.5612. | 0.6310 | 0.5510 | 24.73% 37.06119. 2.67+1.71 7.61+2.08 layer | 35.62 26 1 44 5.45 57 surfa 101.25 2.7910. | 1.0440 | 0.7940 | 41.00% 43.7144. ce 1.98+0.83 8.40+0.80 t21.56 32 17 .20 8.41 43 1100 | layer lower | 63.99+ 5.0241. | 0.5510 | 0.3240 | 22.671 53.14128. 3.16+0.74 7.14+0.97 layer | 11.94 39 13 .06 1.07 23 surfa 65.99+ 3.4110. | 1.1040 | 0.4440 | 70.06% 23.0816.1 ce 2.30+0.27 7.5810.56 7.34 26 15 16 22.53 1 1250 | layer lower | 65.37 5.0510. | 0.5710 | 0.1840 | 27.944 40.41+3.3 3.68+0.40 8.28+1.32 layer | 10.03 23 1 .03 6.41 5 surfa 117.21 3.2240. | 1.3110 | 0.5840 | 56.80+% 21.00+1.2 ce 1.92+0.08 9.60+2.33 +75.88 39 27 35 21.96 7 1400 | layer lower | 71.17+ 4.49+0. | 0.8140 | 0.1740 | 23.251 | 11.831£2.5 | 27.51+3.6 2.60+0.59 layer | 10.14 63 14 .06 1.02 5 9 surfa 64.10% 3.7510. | 1.4040 | 0.9240 | 51.75% 41.08+39. 1500 ce 1.85+0.26 9.16+0.67 3.54 57 16 ‚66 9.71 42 layer lower | 62.74% 4.54+0. | 0.8040 | 0.1510 | 23.88% 35.67117. 2.30+0.14 9.84+0.77 layer | 3.86 42 ‚05 .06 0.64 74 surfa 66.87+ 4.57+0. | 1.2240 | 0.5240 | 48.811 | 10.26+0.8 | 26.96+2.8 ce 2.73+0.25 4.38 78 37 .20 6.32 1 1 1700 | layer lower | 64.57+ 5.2010. | 0.7410 | 0.2140 | 29.61% | 10.59+0.8 | 34.4314 .2 3.57+0.54 layer | 5.25 80 16 .04 2.13 7 4 eleva | soil / Ce Tb Dy tion | layer surfa 40.36% 17.751 | 3.1940 | 0.5840 | 2.7240 ce 4.78+0.53 0.34+0.05 | 1.96+0.30 4.63 91 35 .06 34 800 | layer lower | 50.11% 20.0741 | 3.4840 | 0.6210 | 2.7840 5.47+0.34 0.33+0.03 | 1.84+0.15 layer | 3.08 .20 21 .03 .20 surfa 40.96+ 22.2341 | 4.1242 | 0.4310 | 3.7642 ce 5.94+3.23 0.51+0.30 | 2.941.869 20.19 1.96 .26 .09 13 950 | layer lower | 65.93+ 28.25+1 | 5.28412 | 0.4810 | 4.8012 7.61+3.95 0.66+0.36 | 3.8312.06 layer | 30.17 4.57 71 .07 52 surfa 53.79% 32.4043 | 5.9346 | 0.6210 | 5.425 ce 8.7819.03 0.70+0.73 | 3.91+3.88 38.40 3.46 15 .36 .69 1100 | layer lower | 91.11% | 10.58+4.9 | 39.0241 | 7.0913 | 0.5640 | 6.4142 0.87+0.40 | 4.89+2.09 layer | 32.20 2 7.92 21 19 .98 surfa 35.391 17.39+4 | 3.12+40 | 0.3840 | 2.73+0 ce 4.69+1.22 0.36+0.10 | 2.07+0.54 9.96 ‚53 .80 .06 71 1250 | layer lower | 71.68+ 29.6711 | 5.3010 | 0.4010 | 4.7240 8.12+0.56 0.64+0.05 | 3.63+0.26 layer | 4.21 ‚88 ‚35 .03 33 surfa 36.41% 15.4241 | 2.6710 | 0.4440 | 2.3110 ce 4.20+0.41 0.29+0.05 | 1.68+0.26 4.96 .70 .35 .06 34 1400 | layer lower | 53.84+ 20.8312 | 3.6840 | 0.4710 | 3.1740 5.63+0.67 0.41+0.08 | 2.37+0.50 layer | 3.33 54 ‚50 .04 .50 surfa 47.40% 33.0243 | 5.8746 | 0.5810 | 5.155 ce 9.01+9.36 0.67+0.74 | 3.7313.88 20.35 4.47 .20 .28 .56 1500 | layer lower | 64.53+ 26.3241 | 4.4812 | 0.4810 | 3.901 7.22+3.50 0.51+0.24 | 2.94+1.33 layer | 9.77 2.33 .04 .09 79 surfa 50.841 20.45+1 | 3.70+0 | 0.4510 | 3.2740 ce 5.54+0.50 0.44+0.03 | 2.56+0.19 6.13 .68 .28 .02 22 1700 | layer lower | 70.04+ 26.9943 | 4.8210 | 0.4810 | 4.2940 7.19+0.77 0.59+0.09 | 3.44+0.50 layer | 7.90 10 .58 .02 .58 eleva | soil
Tm Yb Lu Y tion | layer surfa 0.3510 0.1310. | 1.0240 | 0.1340 | 8.731 ce 1.06+0.14 ‚05 02 .09 .01 12 800 | layer lower | 0.3310 0.1310. | 1.0410 | 0.1440 | 8.931 1.02+0.08 layer .03 01 .07 .01 31 surfa 0.5410 0.1940. | 1.38+0 | 0.1840 | 13.15% ce 1.54+0.85 32 11 .70 10 7.81 950 | layer lower | 0.7010 0.2610. | 1.8240 | 0.2440 | 15.53% 2.01+1.03 layer 37 14 .83 12 8.37 surfa 0.7110 0.2410. | 1.5841 | 0.2040 | 16.461 ce 1.96+1.81 .70 21 19 16 17.16 1100 | layer lower | 0.8810 0.3110. | 2.13+0 | 0.2840 | 18.391 2.44+0.91 layer ‚36 11 .64 .08 8.39 surfa 0.3810 0.1410. | 1.0410 | 0.1340 | 7.9541 ce 1.12+0.29 10 04 .26 .04 .89 1250 | layer lower | 0.6610 0.2510. | 1.7810 | 0.2440 | 13.53t 1.92+0.13 layer ‚05 02 10 .02 1.23 surfa 0.3010 0.1140. | 0.8840 | 0.1140 | 6.461 ce 0.92+0.16 .05 02 15 .02 .00 1400 | layer lower | 0.4310 0.1710. | 1.2440 | 0.1640 | 8.571 1.28+0.27 layer 10 04 25 .03 .80 surfa 0.6810 0.2410. | 1.6541 | 0.2240 | 18.31 ce 1.92+1.84 71 23 .36 19 8.8 1500 | layer lower | 0.5310 0.2040. | 1.4040 | 0.1840 | 13.945 1.54+0.61 layer 24 07 44 .06 .92 surfa 0.4710 0.1840. | 1.310 | 0.1740 | 9.5510 1700 ce 1.40+0.11 ‚04 01 ‚09 .01 .064 layer lower | 0.6310 0.2540. | 1.7410 | 0.23+0 | 13.73% im a en
Table 2 Analysis of soil element leaching and enrichment at different altitudes in Changbai
Mountain
Enrichment (A/B>1) Eluvial soil mm ey
Element TN, TP, Ca, S, Pb, Cu, Ni, Sb, Ce, Li
Among them, the ratios of element concentrations in A layers and B layers > 1 at each altitude are considered to be mainly element enrichment; and if the ratios< 1 at each altitude are considered to be mainly element leaching.
According to the RDA analysis, as shown in Fig. 1, total nitrogen, soil stratification, altitude, total phosphorus and soil organic matter are important factors affecting the multi-element vertical differentiation at different altitude gradients in the Changbai Mountain. Of which:
Total nitrogen accounted for 40.8% of the difference in vertical differentiation, and the significance was P= 0.002; 18.1% of the difference of vertical differentiation explained by different soil stratification, and the significance was P = 0.006;
The difference of differentiation rule explained by different altitudes was 8.7%, and the significance was P= 0.034.
As shown in Fig. 2, NMDS analysis shows that there are obvious differences in multi- element distribution between soil illuvial horizon and eluvial horizon. The elements of soil illuvial horizon at different altitudes are located in the upper, while the elements of soil eluvial horizon at each altitude are located in the lower layer.
Fig. 3 shows that elements in high altitudes(1400 m, 1500 m and 1700 m) is significantly different from that in the low altitude (800 m, 950 m, 1100 m and 1250 m).
Conclusion: the research shows that the soil multi-element fingerprint analysis technology can be well used for the vertical differentiation. The sail distribution between different soil layers and different altitudes has obvious differences, and can also clearly distinguish the surface illuvial horizon soil and bottom soil. In addition, this method is economical and efficient, therefore it is worth promoting and applying.
Any value mentioned in the present disclosure, if there is only an interval of two units between any minimum value and any maximum value, includes all values increased by one unit at a time from the lowest value to the highest value. For example, if the amount of a component or the value of process variables such as temperature, pressure and time is declared to be 50- 90, in this specification, it means that values such as 51-89, 52-88... And 69-71 and 70-71 are specifically listed. For non-integer values, it is appropriate to consider 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 or 0.0001 as a unit. These are just some special examples. In the present application, in a similar manner, all possible combinations of values between the listed lowest and highest values are considered to have been disclosed.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute any limitation on the present disclosure. The present disclosure has been described with reference to typical examples, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory words rather than limiting words. The present disclosure can be modified within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure can be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Although the disclosure described therein involves specific methods, materials and embodiments, it does not mean that the disclosure is limited to the specific examples disclosed therein. On the contrary, the disclosure can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same functions.

Claims (10)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen, welke werkwijze de volgende stappen omvat: S101: het bepalen van het onderzoeksgebied; S102: het in het studiegebied op verschillende hoogten verzamelen van bodemmonsters; S103: het in de verzamelde bodem analyseren van het gehalte van elk element en gerelateerde milieu-indicatoren; S104: het analyseren van de verticale verdeling van de meerdere elementen in op verschillende hoogten genomen bodemmonsters, en het statistisch analyseren van de verticale differentiatie en belangrijkste drijvende factoren op verschillende hoogten op basis van redundantieanalyse en niet-metrische multidimensionale schaalanalyse.A method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different heights on the basis of a fingerprint analysis of multiple elements, the method comprising the steps of: S101: determining the investigation area; S102: collecting soil samples at different heights in the study area; S103: analyzing the content of each element and related environmental indicators in the collected soil; S104: Analyze the vertical distribution of the multiple elements in soil samples taken at different elevations, and statistically analyze the vertical differentiation and key driving factors at different elevations based on redundancy analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. 2. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het onderzoeksgebied een duidelijk bergachtig verticaal zonespectrum heeft, en de verzamelde bodems de verticale gradiënten op verschillende hoogtes bevatten.The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different heights based on a fingerprint - multi-element analysis according to claim 1, wherein the survey area has a clear mountainous vertical zone spectrum, and the collected soils have the vertical gradients at different heights contain. 3. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij in stap S102 de verzamelde bodem een bodem- inspoelingshorizon en een uitspoelingshorizon omvat.The method of evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil features at different heights based on a fingerprint analysis of multiple features according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S102, the collected soil includes a soil washout horizon and a washout horizon. 4. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij de werkwijze na stap S102 tevens de volgende stappen omvat: het transporteren van de verzamelde grond naar het laboratorium, en het vriesdrogen, malen en zeven van de verzamelde grond.The method of evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different heights based on a fingerprint - multi-element analysis according to claim 1 or 2, the method after step S102 also comprising the steps of: transporting the collected soil to the laboratory, and the freeze-drying, grinding and sieving of the collected soil. 5. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2 waarbij in stap S103, indien meer dan de helft van de elementconcentratie lager is dan de detectiegrens, deze elementen als niet detecteerbaar worden beschouwd en buiten beschouwing worden gelaten; waarbij voor de resterende elementen de waarde onder de detectiegrens vervangen wordt door de detectiegrensconcentratie.The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil features at different heights based on a fingerprint - multi-element analysis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S103, if more than half of the element concentration is lower than the detection limit, then these elements are considered undetectable and disregarded; where for the remaining elements the value below the detection limit is replaced by the detection limit concentration. 6. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij in stap S104 de Canoco-software wordt gebruikt om de omgevingsfactoren in de bodem te analyseren en de relatie tussen omgevingsvariabelen en de concentratie van meerdere elementen te bepalen.The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil features at different heights based on a fingerprint - analysis of multiple features according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S104 the Canoco software is used to analyze the environmental factors in the soil and determine the relationship between environmental variables and the concentration of multiple elements. 7. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij in stap S104 de verhouding van de elementconcentraties in inspoelingshorizon en de uitspoelingshorizon wordt gebruikt om de verrijking en migratie van elementen te bepalen; waarbij wanneer de verhouding groter is dan 1, bij voorkeur wordt aangenomen dat elementen verrijkt zijn in de inspoelingshorizon; en wanneer de verhouding kleiner is dan 1, wordt aangenomen dat de elementen uitspoelen.The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different heights based on a fingerprint - multi-element analysis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S104 the ratio of the element concentrations in the leaching horizon and the leaching horizon is used to determine the determine enrichment and migration of elements; wherein when the ratio is greater than 1, elements are preferably assumed to be enriched in the inundation horizon; and when the ratio is less than 1, the elements are considered to be washing out. 8. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij in stap S102 de hoogte 800 m - 1700 m is; bij voorkeur, de hoogte omvat 800 m, 850 m, 1100 m, 1250 m, 1400 m, 1500 m en 1700 m.The method of evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil features at different heights based on a fingerprint analysis of multiple features according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S102, the height is 800 m - 1700 m; preferably, the altitude includes 800 m, 850 m, 1100 m, 1250 m, 1400 m, 1500 m and 1700 m. 9. De werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens conclusie 1 of 6, waarbij in stap S103 de omgevingsfactor ten minste een van de verschillende bodemelementen, organische stof in de bodem, pH, totaal stikstof en totaal fosfor omvat; waarbij er bij voorkeur 40 tot 45 soorten elementen zijn; en met meer voorkeur, 43 soorten van de elementen zijn.The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different heights based on a fingerprint - multi-element analysis according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in step S103 the environmental factor at least one of the various soil elements, organic matter in the soil, pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; preferably there are 40 to 45 kinds of elements; and more preferably, 43 kinds of the elements are. 10. Een toepassing van de werkwijze voor het evalueren van de verticale differentiatieregel van bodemelementen op verschillende hoogten op basis van een vingerafdruk - analyse van meerdere elementen volgens willekeurig welke van conclusies 1 — 9, in het gebied van het evalueren van verticale systemen in bergen.An application of the method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil features at different heights based on a fingerprint - multiple feature analysis according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in the field of evaluating vertical systems in mountains.
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