CN114295802B - Technology for evaluating vertical differentiation rules of soil at different altitudes based on multi-element fingerprint method and application - Google Patents
Technology for evaluating vertical differentiation rules of soil at different altitudes based on multi-element fingerprint method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by using a multi-element fingerprint analysis method, which comprises the following steps of: s101: determining a region of interest; s102: collecting the soil of the research area at different altitudes; s103: measuring and analyzing the content of multiple elements and related environmental factors in the collected soil; s104: and analyzing the distribution rule of the multiple elements of the soil at each altitude, and statistically analyzing the vertical diversity rule of the multiple elements of the soil at different altitudes and key driving factors based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS). The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of the soil at different altitudes by using the multi-element fingerprint analysis method is simple to operate, economical, convenient and fast, and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating vertical differentiation rules of soil elements at different altitudes based on a multi-element fingerprint analysis method and application thereof.
Background
The Changbai mountain has a mountain vertical zone system with the most pedigrees in China, and different key zones such as vegetation communities, soil physicochemical properties, hydrological processes, microbial communities and the like in vertical zones with different altitudes have obvious differences. In the past, different ecological processes of Changbai mountains are mostly researched on single key zone elements, and are mostly concentrated on C, N, P as a macroelement and some heavy metal elements, and relevant researches on other elements such as Zr, sb, lanthanides, actinides and other ecological processes are deficient.
Multi-element fingerprinting (Multi-element analysis) is used to indicate and trace the origin of agricultural products based on the characteristic "fingerprint" information retained by each element, and is widely applied to tracing the origin of agricultural product production places. The multi-element fingerprint analysis is a thinking and a tool, and can be expanded to different fields. Multi-element analysis has proven to be a cost effective tool for indicating soil conditions.
As a core element of a key zone of the earth, a soil circle is the most active circle layer of the earth surface system, is a junction between multiple circle layers of the earth, and is a key zone for solving energy conversion between the circle layers (Song Zhaoliang, 2020, and the like). Soil processes are important nodes for controlling the flow and transformation of substances, energy and information in key zones of the earth. The soil humus and the leaching layer are formed by decomposing dead plant roots, withered and fallen matters and the like, can enrich a plurality of elements through complexation reaction, and play a role of a chemical barrier; the soil deposit layer mainly reflects the process of soil formation. The material energy flow between different soil layers has inheritance characteristics. The Changbai mountain is in a unique international position, has a mountain vertical ecosystem with the most pedigree in China, and has deciduous broadleaf forest belts (with the elevation below 700 m), coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest belts (with the elevation 700-1000 m), mountain coniferous forest belts (with the elevation 1100-1800 m), subalpine Betula ermanii forest belts (with the elevation 1800-2100 m) and lichen original belts (with the elevation above 2100 m). The distribution, migration and enrichment geochemical characteristics of multiple elements among different soil layers at different altitudes have great significance for understanding the vertical differentiation rule of mountain soil.
Changbai mountain is an ideal place for exploring and verifying the application of multi-element fingerprint analysis in the vertical ecosystem of the mountain land. The soil multielement biogeochemical process is closely related to various environmental elements, and particularly when global climate change is superposed, the research on the aspect is particularly important and urgent. Therefore, an economical, efficient and convenient method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of the soil at different altitudes in the mountain ecosystem is urgently needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a technology for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different altitudes based on a multi-element fingerprint analysis method.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for evaluating vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by using a multi-element fingerprint analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
s101: determining a region of interest;
s102: collecting the soil of the research area at different altitudes;
s103: measuring and analyzing the content of multiple elements and related environmental factors in the collected soil;
s104: analyzing the multi-element distribution rule of soil at each altitude, and statistically analyzing the multi-element vertical differentiation rule and key driving factors of the soil at different altitudes based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS).
The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of the soil at different altitudes by using the multi-element fingerprint analysis method is simple to operate, economical, convenient and fast, and high in accuracy.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the research area should have a distinct mountain land vertical natural band spectrum, and the collected soil covers the soil with different altitude vertical gradients.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S101, the soils of different altitudes in the research area are divided into a leaching layer (layer a) and a deposition layer (layer B). This is because soil processes are important nodes in controlling the flow and conversion of materials, energy and information in key zones of the earth. Moreover, the soil leaching layer is formed by decomposing dead plant roots, litter and the like, can enrich a plurality of elements through complexation and plays a role of a chemical barrier; while the soil deposit layer mainly reflects the process of soil formation.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, after the step S102, the method further includes the following steps: conveying the collected soil to a laboratory, freeze-drying, grinding and sieving; preferably, the harvested soil is transported using a freezer.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, before the step S103, the following steps are further included: pulverizing and grinding using a ceramic mortar or ball mill, and sieving. Preferably, the soil organic matter is measured by a loss on ignition method; and measuring the concentration of the multiple elements by adopting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, a multi-element distribution rule of soil at each altitude is analyzed, and a multi-element vertical differentiation rule and a key driving factor of soil at different altitudes are statistically analyzed based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS).
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, if the concentration of more than half of the elements is lower than the detection limit, the elements are considered to be undetectable and discarded; for the remaining elements, values below the detection limit were replaced with detection limit concentrations.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, canco software is used to analyze environmental factors in the soil and determine the relationship between environmental variables and multi-element concentrations.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, the element enrichment migration condition is determined by using the ratio of the element concentrations of the leaching layer and the deposition layer; preferably, when the element concentration of the leaching layer is more than 1 than that of the upper deposition layer, the element is considered to be enriched in the leaching layer; and when the element concentration of the leaching layer is less than 1 of the element concentration of the upper deposition layer, the element is considered to be leached to the deposition layer.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step S102, the altitude is 800m to 1700m.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step S102, the altitude is at least one selected from 800m,950m,1100m,1250m,1400m,1500m and 1700m.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the environmental factor includes at least one of a plurality of soil elements, soil organic matters, pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus; preferably, the elements are 40 to 45; more preferably, the elements are 43.
In a second aspect, the invention provides application of the method for evaluating the vertical differentiation of the soil at different altitudes by using the multi-element fingerprint analysis method in the field of wetland evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of driving factors of multi-element distribution at different altitudes in Changbai mountain;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of NMDS analysis of a leaching layer and a deposition layer of the soil at different altitudes in Changbai mountain;
FIG. 3 is NMDS analysis of vertical distribution of soil at different altitudes in Changbai mountain.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a method for evaluating vertical differentiation of soil at different altitudes by using a multi-element fingerprint analysis method, which includes the following steps:
(1) Soil areas located in Changbai mountains at different altitudes were selected for study.
The soils at different altitudes (800m, 950m,1100m,1250m,1400m,1500m and 1700 m) in Changbai mountain were selected for collection, including the eluviation layer and the precipitation layer. Setting four sampling iterations per altitude gradient
(2) Soil from the area of investigation is collected.
After removing loose dry branches and fallen leaves from the soil surface, the soil of the humus/eluviation layer (-0-30 cm) and the deposition layer (-30-50 cm) is collected by a sampling shovel respectively. To prevent the disturbance of the surface of the shovel or the substrate by contamination, approximately 125cm is grabbed from the bottom of the excavated soil with an inverted self-sealing bag 3 The sample of (1). The collected soil samples were transported to the laboratory in a heat-insulated freezer and then kept at 4 ℃ until further processing.
In the laboratory, the samples were freeze dried. One part adopts a loss-on-ignition method to measure the content of organic matters in the soil; grinding one part of the powder by a ceramic mortar or a ball mill, sieving, and measuring the content of the multiple elements by ICP-MS.
(3) And carrying out statistical analysis on the collected elements in the soil, and analyzing the multi-element vertical differentiation rule among different altitudes.
All element concentrations (either ppm or%) were converted to mg/kg. If the element concentration of more than half of the samples is below the detection limit, the samples are considered to be undetectable overall and not included in the data analysis. For the remaining samples, values below the detection limit were replaced by the detection limit concentration (Farnham et al, 2002). Statistical analysis of the data followed Reimann et al. (2008). The relationship between the multi-element vertical discriminant law, environmental variables (pH, TN, TP and OM) and multi-element concentration was determined by redundant analysis (RDA) using CANOCO for Windows (version 5.0) and NMDS analysis.
Table 1 shows the distribution of multiple elements and organic matter concentration in the soil in different sea wave gradients in Changbai mountain.
Table 2 eluviation and enrichment analysis of soil elements in Changbai mountains at different altitudes.
TABLE 1 Changbai mountain different sea wave gradient multielement and soil organic matter concentration distribution (mean value. + -. Standard deviation)
TABLE 2 eluviation and enrichment analysis of soil elements in Changbai mountain at different altitudes
Wherein, the soil element enrichment/eluviation analysis: the same element, elements >1 at each altitude are considered to be primarily element-rich; elements <1 at each altitude are considered to be primarily elemental eluviations.
According to the results of the RDA analysis, as shown in FIG. 1: total nitrogen, soil stratification, elevation, total phosphorus and soil organic matters are important factors influencing multi-element vertical differentiation of different elevation gradients of the Changbai mountain. Wherein:
the total nitrogen accounts for 40.8% of the difference of differentiation rules, and the significance is P =0.002;
different soils hierarchically explain 18.1% of the difference of the differentiation rules, and the significance is P =0.006;
the different altitudes explain 8.7% of the dissimilarity rule difference, with significance P =0.034.
As shown in fig. 2, NMDS analysis shows that the multi-element distribution of the soil leaching layer and the deposition layer has obvious difference, the elements of the soil leaching layer at different altitudes are positioned at the upper side, and the elements of the soil deposition layer at each altitude are positioned at the lower layer.
FIG. 3 shows that high altitude soil has many elements (1400m, 1500m and 1700 m) and low altitude (800m, 950m,1100m and 1250 m) with obvious differentiation.
And (4) conclusion: research shows that the soil multi-element fingerprint analysis technology can be well applied to the high-altitude soil vertical differentiation rule, the soil distribution among different soil layers and different altitudes has obvious difference, and the surface leaching layer soil and the bottom layer soil can be clearly distinguished.
Any numerical value mentioned in this specification, if there is only a two unit interval between any lowest value and any highest value, includes all values from the lowest value to the highest value incremented by one unit at a time. For example, if it is stated that the amount of a component, or a value of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, time, etc., is 50 to 90, it is meant in this specification that values of 51 to 89, 52 to 88 … … and 69 to 71 and 70 to 71 are specifically enumerated. For non-integer values, units of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001 may be considered as appropriate. These are only some specifically named examples. In a similar manner, all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be disclosed in this application.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The invention can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (8)
1. A technology for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different altitudes based on a multi-element fingerprint analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: determining a region of interest;
s102: collecting soil of different altitudes in the research area, wherein the collected soil comprises a soil leaching layer and a deposition layer;
s103: measuring and analyzing the content of each element in the collected soil and related environmental variables, wherein the environmental variables at least comprise one of soil organic matters, pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus;
s104: analyzing the distribution rule of multiple elements in soil at each altitude, and statistically analyzing the vertical diversity rule and key driving factors of the multiple elements in the soil at different altitudes based on redundancy analysis and non-metric multidimensional analysis.
2. The multi-element fingerprint analysis method-based technology for evaluating vertical differentiation rules of soil elements at different altitudes according to claim 1, wherein the research region should have an obvious vertical natural band spectrum of mountainous regions, and the collected soil covers different altitude vertical gradients.
3. The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of soil elements at different altitudes according to the multi-element fingerprint analysis method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following steps after said step S102: the collected soil was transported to a laboratory, freeze-dried, ground and sieved.
4. The technique for evaluating the vertical differentiation rules of soil elements at different altitudes according to the multi-element fingerprint analysis method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein if the concentration of more than half of the elements is lower than the detection limit, the elements are considered to be undetectable and discarded in said step S103; for the remaining elements, values below the detection limit were replaced with detection limit concentrations.
5. The technique for assessing the vertical diversity law of soil elements at different altitudes based on multielement fingerprinting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in said step S104, canco software is used to analyze the soil multielement vertical diversity law and determine the relation between environmental variables and multielement concentration.
6. The technique for evaluating the vertical differentiation rules of soil elements at different altitudes according to the multi-element fingerprint analysis method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S104, the element enrichment migration condition is determined by using the ratio of the element concentrations of the eluviation layer and the deposition layer, which comprises: when the element concentration of the leaching layer is more than 1 than that of the upper deposition layer, the elements are considered to be enriched in the leaching layer; and when the element concentration of the leaching layer is less than 1 of the element concentration of the upper deposition layer, the element is considered to be leached to the deposition layer.
7. The method for evaluating the vertical differentiation rules of soil elements at different altitudes according to the multielement fingerprinting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in said step S102, said altitude is 800 m-1700 m, covering 800m,950m,1100m,1250m,1400m,1500m and 1700m.
8. The application of the technology for evaluating the vertical differentiation rule of the soil elements at different altitudes based on the multi-element fingerprint analysis method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7 in the field of evaluation of vertical systems in mountainous regions.
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| NL2031058A NL2031058B1 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-24 | Technology based on multi-element fingerprint analysis to evaluate vertical differentiation of elements in soils at different altitudes and application thereof |
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