NL2021724B1

NL2021724B1 - Special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: NL2021724B1
Application number: NL2021724A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Zhang Jialei; Guo Feng; Li Xinguo; Yang Sha; Wan Shubo; Zhang Zheng; Meng Jingjing; Geng Yun; Zhao Haijun
Original assignee: Biotechnology Res Ct Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-13
Filing date: 2018-09-28
Publication date: 2019-07-12
Also published as: NL2021724A; CN107759328A

Description

SPECIAL FILM-COATED CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER FOR PEANUT IN DRY POOR SOIL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates to the technical field of controlled release fertilizer, specifically relates to a special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil, and further relates to a preparation method of the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil.

BACKGROUND

[0002] As one of the widely cultivated industrial oil crops in the world, peanut is characterized by wide adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, contributes to the development of water-saving agriculture, improves the soil fertility, and protects the agroecological environment. Peanut is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid hilly areas in China. Due to the lack of rainfall in the growing season and the great interannual fluctuations, about 70% peanut is affected by drought stress to different degrees, and the average drought-induced yield decrease rate of peanut is 20% or more, which is the main factor limiting the peanut yield increase. How to reduce the effect of drought stress on peanut growth and improve the yield and quality of peanut is the research subject to be solved by peanut researchers.

[0003] 18 elements are required for peanut growth, where the demands for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium are highest, and sulfur, boron, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, iron, and other trace elements are also indispensable. Throughout the growth period of peanut, the nutrient requirements are as follows: in the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly required, and proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote peanut growth and root nodule formation in the seedling stage; in the intermediate stage, calcium fertilizer is mainly required, and is supplemented to contribute to ideotype formation and to promote fruit plumpness; and in the later stage, nitrogen and potassium are mainly required, nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented to prevent fertilizer shortage in later stage, and potassium fertilizer promotes transport of the photosynthates to pods. Nitrogen fertilizer is volatile, phosphate fertilizer has weak ability to permeate upward and downward and migrate or diffuse leftward and rightward in soil, potassium fertilizer antagonizes calcium ions, and the peanut root mass most actively assimilating nutrients is below the fruiting layer. Therefore, the peanut fertilizer is most preferably applied into different layers or released by stages. At present, fertilizers are mainly applied by rationally arranging fertilizer application opportunities, types, amount, and method based on the principle of giving priority to base fertilizer, supplemented by top application, according to the characteristics of peanut’s demand for fertilizer and based on the soil fertility. In order to achieve high yield, top application shall be arranged in the intermediate and later growth stages of peanut, but top application will affect downward gynophore elongation and growth. Top application of some fertilizers shall be arranged under strict conditions, thereby resulting in great difficulties in production. Therefore, top application is labor-consuming and time-consuming.

[0004] hi view of this situation, the existing technologies have a great many solutions. The controlled release fertilizer is one of the widely applied solutions thereof. For example, CN104072252A discloses a special slow release compound fertilizer for planting drought resistant high-yielding peanut. The fertilizer is prepared from following parts by weight of starting materials: 10-12 parts of quick lime, 4-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30-35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.02 part of chlorothalonil, 12-13 parts of cabbage slag, 3-5 parts of licorice, 0.3-0.5 part of EM (Effective Microorganisms), 35-38 parts of urea, 10-12 parts of wheat bran, 8-10 parts of spent bleaching clay, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-6 parts of borax, 0.1-0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of terpineol, 1-2 parts of tributyl citrate, 1-2 pints of span 80, 8-10 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 0.2-0.3 part of 500 mesh zeolite powder, and 3-5 parts of adjuvant; prepares a powder having an efficient adsorptivity from starting materials of the wheat bran and the spent bleaching clay, and mixes the powder with starting materials, such as an organic matter fermentation broth rich in active ingredients, and an adjuvant, to have a fertilizer fixing effect, where the slow release coating agent has certain water holding and drought resistant effects, and is capable of improving soil after degradation. The compound fertilizer according to the disclosure can be easily applied with lasting fertilizer efficiency, can effectively improve drought resistance and disease resistance of crops, and finally obtains high yield of crops. The drought resistant and high-yielding slow release compound fertilizer can effectively improve the drought resistance of peanut, but fails to release available nutrients by stages, fails to meet accurate demands for nutrient elements throughout the growth period of peanut, and tends to cause fertilizer shortage and premature senescence in the later growth stage.

[0005] At present, there is not a special controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil integrating disease and pest control, drought resistance, growth promotion, and pod plumpness promotion.

SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the problem of difficulty in controlling the release period by integrating labor-consuming and time-consuming top application, disease and pest control, drought resistance enhancement, and growth promotion existing in peanut cultivation in dry poor soil, the disclosure provides a special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil that integrates the ingredients for enhancing drought resistance, controlling diseases and pests, promoting growth, and promoting pod plumpness, and can control the release period. [0007] The disclosure further provides a preparation method of the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil.

[0008] The disclosure is implemented using following measures: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 30-50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20-40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.01-0.05 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3-0.5 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 65-85 parts of calcium nitrate, 15-30 parts of humic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of celest, 0.3-0.5 part of chlorpyrifos, and 62-80 pails of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 60-80 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-50 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of seaweed extract, and 20-50 parts of adhesive.

[0009] In the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil, the starting materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are preferably as follows: the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.4 part of celest, 0.4 part of chlorpyrifos, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 15 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0010] In the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil, the hyperbranched polyamide is preferably an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 branching generation.

[0011] In the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil, the fermented livestock and poultry manure is preferably obtained through following steps: mixing 2-5 parts of chicken manure, 2-5 parts of sheep manure, and 2-5 parts of cow dung at a weight ratio to obtain a blended manure, chopping crop stalks into 5-8 cm small fragments, fully mixing the crop stalks with the blended manure at a weight ratio of 2:8, stacking them in a 1.5-2 m wide and 0.8-1.2 m tall pile, inserting a temperature gauge into the pile to measure the temperature; then adding a fermentation agent (0.2% of the total mass) in a way of adding 1/6-1/4 of the fermentation agent to a layer of 20-25 cm height piled in the process of piling until piling up to 0.8-1.2 m, adding water to reach 50-60% moisture content, fermenting, turning over the pile when the temperature rises to more than 60 °C until the pile temperature no longer rises, drying, and pulverizing, to obtain the fermented livestock and poultry manure; where 1 mL of the fermentation agent contains l-1.5xl09 Streptococcus thermophilus, 0.3-0.5xl08 IU neutral protease, 0.1-0.2xl06 IU cellulase, 3~4xl05 IU triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, l-2xl05 IU beer yeast, and 3-4xl06 IU Bacillus subtilis.

[0012] A preparation method of the special fdm-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes following steps: (1) mixing the starting materials potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, seaweed extract, and adhesive in the inner layer, granulating and drying to obtain particles in the inner layer; (2) mixing the starting materials calcium nitrate, humic acid, celest, chlorpyrifos, and urea formaldehyde powder in the intermediate layer, adding the particles in the inner layer obtained in the step (1), granulating, and drying, to obtain particles in the intermediate layer; and (3) mixing the starting materials urea formaldehyde powder, fermented livestock and poultry manure, urea, hyperbranched polyamide, chitosan oligosaccharid, and celest in the outer layer, adding the particles in the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2), granulating and drying, to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0013] In use of the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil, planting soil conditions are as follows: organic content: 6-10 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 30-50 mg/kg, rapidly available phosphorus content: 20-50 mg/kg, rapidly available potassium content: 40-70 mg/kg, exchangeable calcium content: 4-8 mg/kg. moisture content from seeding stage to seedling stage: 50-60%, moisture content from flowering stage to podbearing stage: 60-70%, and moisture content from fruit fdling stage to maturation stage: 50-60%.

[0014] The film-coated controlled release fertilizer is preferably applied at a rate of 75+2 kg/mu along with seeding or rotary tillage before seeding.

[0015] Celest is a suspension seed coating agent containing 2.5% fludioxonil (international general name), and can be used for controlling a plurality of seed-borne and soil-borne fungal diseases of crops.

[0016] Repeated trials show that when urea formaldehyde powder is used together with fermented livestock and poultry manure and urea, and the addition amounts of fermented livestock and poultry manure and urea are more than certain proportions, the release rate in early stage is increased, which does not contribute to realization of the controlled release effect. Therefore, a small amount of hyperbranched polyamide, if mixed therewith, can guarantee low release rate in the early stage and improve the controlled release effect whilst improving the proportions of fermented livestock and poultry manure and urea.

[0017] The disclosure has following beneficial effects: (1) The fertilizer according to the disclosure, when applied as a seed fertilizer, enhances drought resistance of seedlings, promotes seedling growth, and controls diseases by releasing chitosan oligosaccharide, celest, and urea 10 days after seeding (seedling stage). In about 50 days (pegging stage) after seeding, the fertilizer controls leaf spot and nematodes by release of calcium fertilizer, and sustained release of bactericides and insecticides. In about 90 days (fruit filling stage) after seeding, the fertilizer prevents rhizobia fracture-caused fertilizer shortage by sustained release of potassium clihydrogen phosphate and urea, and prevents premature senescence by release of seaweed extract in later stage, and promotes accumulation of photosynthates.

[0018] (2) The fertilizer integrates the ingredients for controlling diseases and pests, enhancing drought resistance, promoting growth, and promoting pod plumpness, controls the release period, improves fertilization efficiency without the need for top application throughout the growth period, and saves labor cost. (3) By adjusting the controlled release formula, the fertilizer closely combines release of the ingredients for controlling diseases and pests, enhancing drought resistance, promoting growth, and promoting pod plumpness with the growth stages of peanut, enhances drought resistance of seedlings, delays premature senescence of plants in later stage, and has positive effects on improving the yield and quality of peanut.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0019] In order to better understand the disclosure, the disclosure is further described hereinafter in conjunction with the specific examples.

[0020] Example 1: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.01 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 65 parts of calcium nitrate, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.3 part of celest, 0.5 part of chlorpyrifos, and 62 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 80 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0021] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0022] Preparation method: (1) mixing the starting materials potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, seaweed extract, and adhesive in the inner layer, granulating and drying to obtain particles in the inner layer; (2) mixing the starting materials calcium nitrate, humic acid, celest, chlorpyrifos, and urea formaldehyde powder in the intermediate layer, adding the particles in the inner layer obtained in the step (1), granulating, and drying, to obtain particles in the intermediate layer; and (3) mixing the starting materials urea formaldehyde powder, fermented livestock and poultry manure, urea, hyperbranched polyamide, chitosan oligosaccharid. and celest in the outer layer, adding the particles in the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2), granulating and drying, to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0023] Example 2: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.01 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 65 parts of calcium nitrate, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.3 part of celest, 0.5 part of chlorpyrifos, and 62 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 80 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0024] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0025] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0026] Example 3: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.01 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.5 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 65 parts of calcium nitrate, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.3 part of celest, 0.5 part of chlorpyrifos, and 62 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 80 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0027] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0028] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0029] Example 4: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.05 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 85 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of celest, 0.3 part of chlorpyrifos, and 80 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 60 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of seaweed extract, and 50 parts of adhesive.

[0030] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0031] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0032] Example 5: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.05 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 85 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of celest, 0.3 part of chlorpyrifos, and 80 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 60 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of seaweed extract, and 50 parts of adhesive.

[0033] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0034] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0035] Example 6: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.05 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 85 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of celest, 0.3 part of chlorpyrifos, and 80 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 60 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of seaweed extract, and 50 parts of adhesive.

[0036] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0037] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0038] Example 7: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.4 part of celest, 0.4 part of chlorpyrifos, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 15 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0039] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0040] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0041] Example 8: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.4 part of celest, 0.4 part of chlorpyrifos, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 15 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0042] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0043] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0044] Example 9: A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in dry poor soil includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer, where starting materials in each layer and proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, 0.03 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 0.3 part of celest, the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.4 part of celest, 0.4 part of chlorpyrifos, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, and the inner layer: 70 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 15 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0045] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0046] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0047] Examples 1, 2 and 3 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used, Examples 4, 5 and 6 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used, and Examples 7, 8 and 9 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used.

[0048] Comparison Example 1

Compared with Example 1, the Comparison Example is the same as Example 1 except that in the starting materials in the outer layer, hyperbranched polyamide was not used, the addition amount of urea formaldehyde powder was changed to 35 parts, the addition amount of fermented livestock and poultry manure was changed to 45 parts, and the addition amount of urea was changed to 35 parts.

[0049] Research on controlled release properties

Controlled release properties of the active ingredients in the controlled release fertilizer prepared in the Examples 1-9 are evaluated using a soil culture method. The specific operation is as follows:

The controlled release fertilizer packed in a nylon net was applied to dry poor soil (organic content: 7.4 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 40.4 mg/kg, readily available phosphorus content: 23.5 mg/kg, readily available potassium content: 54.6 mg/kg, and exchangeable calcium content: 5.5 mg/kg), the fertilizer weight was measured at regular intervals to be converted to the active ingredients, thereby obtaining the contents of the active ingredients released from the controlled release fertilizer, which were compared with the nutrient requirements in each growth stage of peanut.

[0050] The soil temperature and humidity in each stage of peanut were controlled as follows: daily average ground temperature: 15-20 °C, moisture content: 50-60% in the early stage (seeding stage to seedling stage); daily average ground temperature: 20-28 °C, moisture content: 60-70% in the intermediate stage (flowering stage to pod-bearing stage); and daily average ground temperature: 28-35 °C, moisture content: 50-60% in the later stage (fruit filling stage to maturation stage).

[0051] The active ingredients were released too fast in the early stage, but insufficiently released in the later stage in Examples 1, 2, and 3. The active ingredients were released too slowly in the early stage in Examples 4, 5, and 6, thereby resulting in more unreleased active ingredients in the later stage, and resulting in wastes. The release amount in dry poor soil in each stage in Examples 7, 8, and 9 can comply with required active ingredients in each growth stage of peanut. The effect is better, and the cumulative release rate of the active ingredients in Example 7 is highest, compared with those in Examples 7, 8 and 9. Compared with Example 1, in Comparison Example 1, in the starting materials in the outer layer, hyperbranched polyamide was not added, and the fertilizer was fast released in the early stage, enabling the release of the active components in each layer to fail to well comply with the demand for active ingredients in each growth stage of peanut.

[0052] Effects on pod yield and seed kernel quality A field experiment was carried out in dry poor soil (organic content: 8.7 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 44.0 mg/kg, readily available phosphorus content: 32.5 mg/kg, readily available potassium content: 61.6 mg/kg, and exchangeable calcium content: 6.8 mg/kg) of Jynan Test Station by applying the controlled release fertilizer in the examples to an experimental material Huayu No. 22 along with seeding at a rate of 75kg/mu, and a common NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was used at a rate of 75 kg/mu as a control. The experiment was carried out by seeding on May 11 in an area of 33.3 m2, mulched ridge-furrow cultivation, and harvesting on September 28, and was repeated 3 times.

[0053] The wormy fruit rate in the Example is significantly lower than that of the control group,

and there are serious nematodes and grubs in pods of the control group. In Examples 7, 8 and 9, the pod yield, plump fruit rate, and kernel rate are high, and the protein and fat contents are relatively high, where the effect in Example 7 is most significant. Compared with the control group, in Example 7, the pod yield is increased by 23.6%, the plump fruit rate is increased by 13.8%, the kernel rate is increased by 6.3%, the protein content is increased by 1.8%, the fat content is increased by 1.9%, and the O/L is increased by 11.6%. Both the yield and quality of pod in Comparison Example 1 are slightly worse than those in Examples 1-9.

[0054] As can be seen from the comparison of the cumulative release rate of active ingredients, pod yield, and seed kemel quality in the above two tables, the controlled release fertilizer according to the disclosure enables the active ingredient release to meet element requirements in the peanut growth period by selecting and optimizing controlled release ingredients according to characteristics of the dry poor soil, integrates the ingredients for controlling diseases and pests, enhancing drought resistance, and promoting growth, improves the fertilizer efficiency without the need for top application throughout the growth period, and saves labor cost. The fertilizer can significantly improve the pod yield and seed kernel quality, and overcome the adverse effects of drought and barrenness on peanut growth. The fertilizer is an efficient special controlled release fertilizer for planting peanut in dry poor soil contributing to high yield and high quality, and has very high popularization and application values.

[0055] The above examples are preferred embodiments of the disclosure, but the embodiments of the disclosure are not limited to the examples. All alterations, modifications, combinations, substitutions and simplifications made without departing from the spiritual essence and principle of the disclosure shall be equivalent substitution modes, and shall be encompassed within the scope of protection of the disclosure.

Claims

Conclusies

1. Een speciale gefilmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond, omvattende een buitenlaag een tussenlaag en een binnenlaag, waarin de uitgangsmaterialen in elke laag en de verhoudingen daarvan als volgt zijn: de buitenlaag: 30-50 delen ureumformaldehydepoeder, 20-40 delen gefermenteerde vee- en pluimveemest, 30-50 delen ureum, 10-15 delen hypervertakt polyamide, 0.01-0.05 delen chitosanoligosacharide en 0.3-0.5 delen celest, de tussenlaag: 65-85 delen calciumnitraat, 15-30 delen humuszuur, 0.3-0.5 delen celest, 0.3-0.5 delen chloorpyrifos en 62-80 delen ureumformaldehydepoeder, en de binnenlaag: 60-80 delen kalium di waterstoffe sfaat, 30-50 delen ureum, 10-20 delen zeewierextract en 20-50 delen kleefmiddel.
2. De speciale gefilmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens conclusie 1, waarin de uitgangsmaterialen in elke laag en de verhoudingen daarvan als volgt zijn:

de buitenlaag: 40 delen ureumformaldehydepoeder, 30 delen gefermenteerde vee- en pluimveemest, 40 delen ureum, 13 delen hypervertakt polyamide, 0.03 delen chitosanoligosacharide en 0.3 delen celest, de tussenlaag: 75 delen calciumnitraat, 25 delen humuszuur, 0.4 delen celest, 0.4 delen chloorpyrifos en 75 delen ureumformaldehydepoeder, en de binnenlaag: 70 delen kaliumdiwaterstoffosfaat, 40 delen ureum, 15 delen zeewierextract en 30 delen kleefmiddel.
3. De speciale gefilmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens conclusie 1, waarin het hypervertakte polyamide een alifatisch hypervertakt polyamide is met een vertakkingsgraad van 2.0, 3.0 of 4.0.
4. De speciale gefilmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens conclusie 1, waarin de gefermenteerde vee- en pluimveemest wordt verkregen via de volgende stappen: mengen van 2-5 delen kippenmest, 2-5 delen schapenmest en 2-5 delen koeienmest in een gewichtsverhouding om een gemengde mest te verkrijgen, hakken van gewasstelen in 5-8 cm kleine delen, volledig mengen van de gewasstelen met de gemengde mest in een gewichtsverhouding van 2:8, ophopen daarvan in een 1.5-2 m brede en 0.8-1.2 m hoge hoop, inschuiven van een thermometer in de hoop om de temperatuur te meten; vervolgens toevoegen van een fermentatiemiddel (0.2% van de totale massa) door toevoegen van 1/6-1/4 van het fermentatiemiddel aan een laag van 20-25 cm hoogte opgehoopt in het ophopingsproces tot 0.8-1.2 m opgehoopt is, toevoegen van water om een vochtgehalte van 50-60% te verkrijgen, fermenteren, omkeren van de hoop wanneer de temperatuur hoger wordt dan 60 °C tot de temperatuur van de hoop niet langer stijgt, drogen en verpulveren, om een gefermenteerde vee- en pluimveemest te verkrijgen;

waarin 1 mL van het fermentatiemiddel 1-1.5x10⁹ Streptococcus thermophiles bevat, 0.3-0.5xl0^s IU neutrale protease, 0.1-0.2xl0^{5 6} IU cellulase, 3-4^10³ IU triacylglycerolacylhydrolase, 1-21CP IU biergist, en 3-4χ10⁶ IU Bacillus subtilis.
5. Een vervaardigingswerkwijze voor de speciale gefilmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens een van de conclusies 1-4, omvattende de volgende stappen:

(a) mengen van de uitgangsmaterialen kaliumdiwaterstoffosfaat, ureum, zeewierextract en kleefmiddel in de binnenlaag, granuleren en drogen om deeltjes in de binnenlaag te verkrijgen;

(b) mengen van de startmaterial en calciumnitraat, humuszuur, celest, chloorpyrifos en ureumformaldehydepoeder in de tussenlaag, toevoegen van de deeltjes in de tussenlaag verkregen in stap (a), granuleren en drogen, om deeltjes in de tussenlaag te verkrijgen; en (c) mengen van de uitgangsmaterialen ureumformaldehydepoeder, gefermenteerde vee- en pluimveemest, ureum, hypervertakt polyamide, chitosanoligosacharide en celest in de buitenlaag, toevoegen van de deeltjes in de tussenlaag verkregen in stap (b), granuleren en drogen, om de speciale kunstmest te verkrijgen.
6. Gebruik van de speciale gefdmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens een van de conclusies 1-4 en de speciale gefdmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond verkrijgbaar met de vervaardigingswerkwijze voor de speciale gefdmcoate kunstmest

5 met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond volgens conclusie 5, waarin de condities van de beplantingsaarde als volgt zijn: organisch gehalte: 6-10 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyseerbaar stikstofgehalte: 30-50 mg/kg, snel beschikbaar fosforgehalte: 20-50 mg/kg, snel beschikbaar kaliumgehalte: 40-70 mg/kg, uitwisselbaar calciumgehalte: 4-8 mg/kg, vochtgehalte van zaaifase tot zaailingfase:

10 50-60%, vochtgehalte van bloeifase tot zaaddragende fase: 60-70%, en vochtgehalte van fruitvormingsfase tot rijpingsfase: 50-60%.
7. Het gebruik volgens conclusie 6, waarin de gefdmcoate kunstmest met gecontroleerde afgifte voor pinda’s in droge arme grond wordt toegepast met een

15 hoeveelheid van 75+2 kg/mu tijdens het zaaien of tijdens roterende grondbewerking voor het zaaien.