NL2021566B9 - Assembly for a cryogenic motor and method for operating such motor - Google Patents

Assembly for a cryogenic motor and method for operating such motor Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2021566B9
NL2021566B9 NL2021566A NL2021566A NL2021566B9 NL 2021566 B9 NL2021566 B9 NL 2021566B9 NL 2021566 A NL2021566 A NL 2021566A NL 2021566 A NL2021566 A NL 2021566A NL 2021566 B9 NL2021566 B9 NL 2021566B9
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
cooling fluid
rotor
stator
assembly
opening
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NL2021566A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2021566B1 (en
Inventor
René Van Der Woude Ruud
Perez Ana
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Demaco Holland Bv
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Priority to NL2021566A priority Critical patent/NL2021566B9/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2021566B1 publication Critical patent/NL2021566B1/en
Publication of NL2021566B9 publication Critical patent/NL2021566B9/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

UITTREKSEL Samenstel voor een cryogene motor, de inrichting omvattende: — een samenstelbehuizing; 5 — een rotor die gepositioneerd is in de samenstelbehuizing, waarbij de rotor is voorzien van een rotatie-as en waarbij die zich uitstrekt over een rotorlengte, waarbij de rotor ten minste gedeeltelijk een binnenrotorruimte omsluit, en waarbij de rotor verder een aantal supergeleidende elementen omvat; — een stator die zich in hoofdzaak collineair met de rotor uitstrekt in de binnenrotorruimte over 10 een statorlengte; en — een opening tussen een buitenzijde van de stator en een binnenzijde van de rotor; waarbij het samenstel een warmte-overdrachtsysteem omvat dat ten minste gedeeltelijk in de stator aangebracht is, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem is ingericht voor het koelen van de rotor en/of de supergeleidende elementen daarin.

Description

ASSEMBLY FOR A CRYOGENIC MOTOR AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH
MOTOR The invention relates to an assembly for a cryogenic motor and a method for operating of such motor.
Over the past years, several research programs and initiatives have been started to reduce the fuel consumption and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions of aircraft. A solution to achieve this goal is the use of superconductive electric motors or cryogenic motors for aerospace applications.
A disadvantage of cryogenic motors is that the operating temperature of the motor needs to be below the critical temperature of the superconducting material in the motor. This requires a significant amount of cooling capacity, which in known cryogenic motors leads to a significant increase in the motor weight. The weight increases in turn results in a reduction of (fuel) efficiency.
Another disadvantage is that the presence of rotating parts in the motor, such as the rotor, increases the production of heat during operation of the motor. This also requires an increase in cooling capacity to maintain the motor at operating temperature.
Therefore, there is a need for a cryogenic motor that combines a low weight with a high cooling capacity.
The assembly according to the invention obviates or at least reduces the abovementioned disadvantages.
To that end, the invention provides an assembly for a cryogenic motor, the assembly comprising: — an assembly housing; — a rotor that is positioned in the assembly housing, the rotor having a rotation axis and extending over a rotor length, wherein the rotor at least partially encloses an inner rotor space, and wherein the rotor further comprises a number of superconductive elements; — a stator that extends substantially collinear with the rotor inside the inner rotor space over a stator length; and — a gap between an outer side of the stator and an inner side of the rotor; wherein the assembly comprises a heat transfer system that is at least partially positioned in the stator, wherein the heat transfer system is configured for cooling the rotor and/or the superconductive elements.
The assembly according to the invention provides cooling to the rotor and/or the superconductive elements by means of heat transfer rather than by means of a direct (active) cooling system that is applied at or in the rotor. The application of the heat transfer system of theassembly allows the cooling system to be positioned in the static parts of the motor (i.e. the stator) rather than in the rotor having rotating parts. This significantly reduces the complexity and therewith the weight of the cooling system. As a result, the assembly according to the invention allows a relatively small, light-weight cooling system having a high cooling capacity.
Another advantage of the assembly according to the invention is that, due to the fact that at least part of the heat transfer system is positioned inside the stator, the size and weight of the cooling system for cooling the cryogenic motor can be reduced even further.
Yet another advantage is that, due to the small distance of the gap between the rotor and the stator, a highly efficient heat transfer from the rotor to the stator is achieved. As a result, a relatively high amount of heat can be transferred from the rotor to the stator, in turn leading to a decrease in operating temperature of the cryogenic motor.
Yet another advantage of the assembly according to the invention it that is allows the operating temperature of a cryogenic motor to be decreased to well below 70 K. The temperature operating range of a cryogenic motor with an assembly according to the invention may be in the range of 10 K — 60 K. Moreover, the operating temperature may even be as low as the range of 25 K — 35 K. Thus, a highly efficient cryogenic motor design is possible using the assembly according to the invention.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the heat transfer system may comprise a primary cooling fluid that may be provided in the gap and that is configured to transfer heat from the rotor and/or superconductive elements to the stator.
Providing a primary cooling fluid in the gap allows the heat transfer between the rotor and the stator to be increased even further, thus allowing an even lower operating temperature and an increase in efficiency of the cryogenic motor.
The primary cooling fluid may be chosen from a variety of different fluids, which include liquid and/or gaseous hydrogen, liquid and/or gaseous helium or other suitable fluids. Combinations of liquid and gaseous fluids and even combinations of different fluids may also be considered.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the heat transfer system may comprise a fluid outlet that is connected to the gap for discharging primary cooling fluid from the gap and a fluid inlet that is connected to a cooling conduit that extends through the stator and emanates in the gap and preferably emanates near a longitudinal outer end of the stator that is opposite from the fluid outlet, and a circulation channel that extends from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the circulation channel comprises the cooling conduit and the gap.
An advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that it provides a direct and therewith very effective cooling circuit for cooling the rotor and the superconductive elements. Another advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that, by forming thecirculation channel from the cooling conduit and the gap, the complexity of the heat transfer system is reduced. As a result, a light-weight heat transfer system is achieved. Another advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that no external energy is required for the circulation of the primary cooling fluid in the circulation channel, thus obviating additional elements which would increase the weight of the cryogenic motor.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the heat transfer system may additionally comprise a control unit that is configured for regulating the flow of primary cooling fluid in the heat transfer system.
An advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that it provides a direct and therewith very effective cooling circuit for cooling the rotor and the superconductive elements. By using the primary cooling fluid as main coolant, a second heat transfer to a second circulation channel is obviated. This reduces complexity and weight of the heat transfer system.
Another advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that, by applying the fluid inlet and the cooling conduit inside the stator, the cold primary cooling fluid, preferably a liquid, can effectively be transferred to the gap through which it can be circulated to the fluid outlet. During circulation in the gap, the primary cooling fluid accepts heat from the rotor. In case the primary cooling fluid is provided as a liquid, the liquid may evaporate to accept even more heat from the rotor. As a result, an effective and light-weight heat transfer system is achieved using the assembly according to the invention. As a result, a light-weight heat transfer system is achieved.
Another advantage is that the control unit allows the application of a forced flow through the circulation channel which significantly increases the heat transfer from the rotor to the primary cooling fluid in the gap.
Yet another advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that it allows the cooling parameters of the system to be adapted for different situations. As a result, a more adaptable and effective cryogenic motor is achieved.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the heat transfer system may comprise a cooling fluid inlet that is positioned in the stator, a cooling fluid outlet that is positioned in the stator, and a cooling fluid conduit that extends between the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet and forming a circulation channel for circulating secondary cooling fluid, wherein the cooling fluid conduit at least extends over substantially the entire stator length at or adjacent to an outer longitudinal surface thereof, such that, in use of the assembly, heat is exchangeable between a secondary cooling fluid in the cooling fluid conduit and the primary cooling fluid in the gap.
This embodiment comprises two different loops, each being provided with a cooling fluid. The gap forms a closed circuit with primary cooling fluid that is essentially static. Heat transfer to the second cooling fluid takes place primarily by means of conduction. The second loop is formed by the fluid inlet, the fluid outlet and the cooling fluid conduit and is configured for the circulationof a secondary cooling fluid. Thus, heat is transferred discharged from the cryogenic motor in two consecutive steps, which are transfer of heat from rotor to primary cooling fluid and, secondly, from the primary cooling fluid to the secondary cooling fluid which is used to discharge the heat from the assembly.
An advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that it provides a robust and yet simple heat transfer system for cooling the rotor and the superconductive elements. By applying two different loops, an additional fail-safe is provided in case a leak occurs in the gap. Even when the primary cooling fluid is (partially) removed from the gap, heat continues to be discharged by means of the secondary cooling fluid.
This embodiment according to the invention also has the advantage that the stator is easily exchangeable. This is mainly due to the fact that the circulation channel for the secondary cooling fluid is a closed loop that is substantially completely contained in the stator. In other words, there is no direct open channel between the gap and the stator, which allows the stator to be exchanged in a quick manner.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the assembly may additionally comprise a fan that is positioned in the gap near a first longitudinal end of the stator, and at least one primary cooling fluid conduit that extends within the stator from a second longitudinal end to a first longitudinal end such that the primary cooling fluid conduit emanates in or near the fan, wherein the fan, the at least one primary cooling fluid conduit and the gap form a cooling circuit for circulating primary cooling fluid.
An advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that it provides a robust and yet simple heat transfer system for cooling the rotor and the superconductive elements. By applying two different loops, an additional fail-safe is provided in case a leak occurs in the gap. Even when the primary cooling fluid is (partially) removed from the gap, heat continues to be discharged by means of the secondary cooling fluid.
Furthermore, the application of a primary cooling fluid conduit in the stator and a fan in the gap allow the primary cooling fluid to be circulated through the gap, which increases the heat transfer from the rotor to the primary cooling fluid. The primary cooling fluid is at the same time able to discharge the accumulated heat more efficiently in the primary cooling fluid conduit that is positioned in the stator. As a result, an increased heat discharge can be achieved without increasing the size (and thus weight) of the heat transfer system. Preferably, the fan is coupled to the rotor, such that the fan automatically rotates when the rotor is rotated.
In addition, the forced circulation of the primary cooling fluid by the fan in the gap may also result in turbulence in the primary cooling fluid that is circulated. The change of the primary cooling fluid flow from a laminar to a turbulent flow increases the heat transfer even further, thus achieving an even more efficient cooling of the rotor and/or the superconductive elements.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the assembly may further comprise a cooling unit, preferably a cryogenic cooling unit that is operatively coupled to the cooling system and that is configured for cooling the primary and/or the secondary cooling fluid.
The use of a cooling unit, preferably a cryogenic cooling unit, provides an efficient manner 5 to discharge the heat from the primary and/or secondary cooling fluid in the heat transfer system.
Preferably, the cooling unit forms a part of the cooling system of the aircraft to which the assembly is attached.
This for example allows the extracted heat to be used for climate conditioning in the aircraft, which reduces the energy consumption for the climate system.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the stator and/or the rotor may be provided with protrusions or indentations, wherein the indentations and/or protrusions may have a length and a depth, wherein preferably the length and the depth preferably may be in the range of 5% — 20% of the gap height, and wherein more preferably the length and the depth may be in the range of 10% of the gap height.
The heat transfer in the gap is increased if the flow of primary cooling fluid is a turbulent flow rather than a laminar flow.
This can be achieved by providing protrusions, such as teeth, to an inner (longitudinal) side of the rotor and/or an outer (longitudinal) side of the stator.
In addition, or alternatively, indentations may also be provided to that end.
In order to achieve the maximum effect with regard to forming turbulence, the indentations and/or protrusions preferably have a size that is related to the height of the gap.
Each indentation or protrusion has a length and a depth.
In this respect, the length is viewed in the longitudinal direction of stator or rotor of which it forms a part and which generally extends along the rotation axis.
In this respect, the depth extends in a radial direction from the rotation axis.
The length and the depth preferably are in the range of 5% — 20%, and most preferably is about 10% of the gap height.
In absolute numbers, this amounts to a length and/or depth of about 0,1 mm- 0,4 mm in case of a gap height of 2 mm.
In that case, the most preferred length and/or depth would amount to 10% of 2 mm, which is 0,2 mm.
Naturally, the preferred length and/or depth differ with different gap heights.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the rotor may comprise a hollow shaft that extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end of the rotor, wherein the hollow shaft comprises an annular fluid assembly comprising a cooling fluid inlet channel and a cooling fluid outlet channel that are preferably concentrically positioned, wherein the cooling fluid inlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid inlet and wherein the cooling fluid outlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid outlet.
In order to provide an efficient supply and discharge of cooling fluids, the cooling fluid inlet channel and the cooling fluid outlet channel are advantageously provided in a hollow shaft of the rotor.
Providing the supply and discharge channel in the hollow shaft reduces the space that isrequired for the cooling system and advantageously allows the channels to be more easily coupled to respectively the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet. As a result, this embodiment according to the invention provides an efficient and effective way of reducing the required space and (thus) the weight of the cryogenic motor.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the assembly may comprise a diffusor that is positioned upstream of the fluid outlet, wherein the diffusor is configured to equate pressure differences between the fluid outlet and the fluid conduit and/or the gap.
During normal operation, the rotation of the rotor creates a switl in the flow of cooling fluid which in turn creates an unwanted back pressure in the fluid outlet. In order to reduce the back pressure, a diffusor that is configured to equate the pressure difference, is applied. The diffusor may be a separate component that is connected to the stator or may be an integrally formed part of the stator. The specific form and shape of the diffusor is adapted to the specific embodiment of the assembly in which it is applied. In general however, the diffusor is preferably manufactured to be as light as possible in order to keep a low motor weight.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the diffusor may comprise a diffusor plate that is provided with a number of vanes that extend in a radial direction towards the outer circumference of the diffusor plate.
In a preferred embodiment the diffusor comprises a diffusor plate with vanes, which preferably have the form of a wave. It is found that vanes, especially wave-formed vanes, reduce the pressure difference between the fluid outlet and the gap, or, alternatively between the fluid outlet and the fluid conduit for secondary cooling fluid. The diffusor plate and/or the vanes may be separate components, yet may also be configured to form an integral part of the stator, which may lead to a reduction in weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the vanes are placed against a longitudinal end of the stator, such that the vanes extend between the longitudinal end of the stator and the diffusor plate and are enclosed therein. This provides the advantage that the cooling fluid flow, when reaching the diffusor, is separated from the (rotation of the) rotor, thus obviating the influence of (additional) swirl. In such an embodiment, a primary cooling fluid ‘chamber’ is formed between the diffusor plate and the longitudinal rotor end in which the primary cooling fluid is substantially stationary (despite the chamber being open).
In an elaboration, the diffusor may for example comprise 6 vanes, with each vane being 2 mm thick and 5 mm high. However, another number of vanes or other dimensions of vanes may also be applied.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the stator may comprise a fluid inlet chamber that is positioned between the fluid inlet and the gap near a longitudinal end of the stator, wherein the fluid inlet chamber is configured for diffusing the cooling fluid into the gap.
By applying an inlet chamber, the diffusion of primary cooling fluid into the gap is substantially even over the entire circumference of the stator. This provides an optimal cooling of the rotor over the entire surface of the rotor. In addition, it provides the advantage that an even (if turbulent) flow of primary cooling fluid is achieved in the gap.
In a preferred embodiment, inner edges fluid inlet chamber are provided with rounded edges.
By providing the inner edges of the fluid inlet chamber with rounded edges, disturbances or instabilities in the (out)flow of cooling fluid from the inlet chamber may be advantageously be prevented. As a result, a more stable, preferably turbulent, flow of cooling fluid is achieved, which allows an optimal transfer of heat from the rotor and/or superconductive elements to the cooling fluid (and/or the stator). A radius for such rounded edges may for example be in the range of 0,25 mm — 5 mm, and preferably may be around 2 mm.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the assembly further may comprise a rotating seal that is operatively coupled to the rotor, wherein a fluid inlet channel and a fluid outlet channel that are connected to respectively the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet extend through the rotating seal.
The rotating seal provides the sealing between the ambient environment and the inner (cryogenic) part of the assembly as well as the fluid inlet and outlet channel. As such, the rotating seal must withstand significant pressure and temperature differences. It is preferred that the sealing therefore is a ferrofluidic sealing or, aternatively an elastomer sealing that is coupled to the rotor to rotate along with the rotor.
In an embodiment according to the invention, the rotor and the stator may have a cylindrical shape, wherein longitudinal edges of the rotor and the stator have rounded edges.
By providing the inner edges of the rotor and/or the outer edges of the stator with rounded edges, disturbances or instabilities in the flow of cooling fluid may be advantageously be prevented. As a result, a more stable, preferably turbulent, flow of cooling fluid is achieved, which allows an optimal transfer of heat from the rotor and/or superconductive elements to the cooling fluid (and/or the stator). A radius for such rounded edges may for example be in the range of 0,25 mm — 5 mm, and preferably may be around 2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the diffusor plate and/or the vanes on the diffusor plate are provided with rounded edges.
By providing the diffusor plate and/or the vanes on the diffusor plate with rounded edges, disturbances or instabilities in the flow of cooling fluid may be advantageously be prevented. As a result, a more stable, preferably turbulent, flow of cooling fluid is achieved, which allows an optimal transfer of heat from the rotor and/or superconductive elements to the cooling fluid (and/orthe stator). A radius for such rounded edges may for example be in the range of 0,5 mm — 3 mm, and preferably may be around 1 mm.
In an embodiment according to the invention, a height of the gap may be in the range of 0,5 mm — 3 mm, and preferably in the range of 1,0 mm — 2,5 mm, and most preferably around 2 mm.
It has been found that preferred range of around 2 mm of the gap provides an excellent flow in the gap to achieve a high performance for the cryogenic motor, whereas it simultaneously does not disrupt the functionality of the motor in any way. The preferred ranges allow the motor to function up to impacts of 6 — 8 G without failing.
It is noted that the assembly may additionally also comprise a second stator, which is positioned outside and substantially around the rotor to form a cryogenic motor.
The invention also relates to an aircraft comprising at least one assembly according to the invention.
The aircraft according to the invention has similar effects and advantages as the abovementioned assembly according to the invention. Method for operating a cryogenic motor, the method comprising: — providing an motor comprising an assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses; — operating the motor. The method according to the invention has similar effects and advantages as the abovementioned assembly and aircraft according to the invention.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are elucidated on the basis of preferred embodiments thereof, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: — figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a cryogenic motor including the assembly according to the invention; — figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a first example of the assembly according to the invention; — figure 3a shows a schematic cross-section of a second example of the assembly according to the invention; — figure 3b shows the example of figure 3a in which the cooling fluid conduit is positioned in a different location; — figure 4 shows a schematic cross-section of a third example of the assembly according to the invention; — figure 5 shows a schematic cross-section of a fourth example of the assembly according to the invention;
In an example of cryogenic motor 1 (see figure 1), motor 1 comprises assembly 2 according to the invention that is positioned in assembly housing 3. Assembly 2 includes rotor 4 with inner rotor space 8 and stator 6. Stator 6 and rotor 4 together define gap 9. Rotor 4 extends around rotation axis R over a rotor length LR. Stator 6 in this example extends parallel to rotor 4 over stator length LS. Gap 9 extends between the outer side of stator 6 and the inner side of rotor 4. Rotor 4 is furthermore provided with hollow shaft 10, which extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end 4a of rotor 4. Hollow shaft 10 surrounds fluid inlet channel 12 that is connected to fluid inlet 14 that in this example is positioned in stator 6. Hollow shaft 10 further surrounds fluid outlet channel 16 that is connected to fluid outlet 18 that in this example is positioned near a longitudinal end wall 6a of stator 6. Fluid outlet 18 is operatively connected to gap 9. Fluid inlet channel 12 and fluid outlet channel 16 are enclosed by hollow rotor shaft 10, which in turn is enclosed by rotating seal 22. Stator 6 further comprises fluid conduit 20 that extends partially along length LS of stator 6 and emanates in fluid inlet chamber 42. Fluid inlet chamber 42 is fluidly connected with gap 9 to allow primary cooling fluid to flow into and through gap 9 towards fluid outlet 18. Stator 6 further comprises diffusor 44, which includes diffusor plate 46 and vanes 48. Vanes 48 are enclosed between stator end 6a and diffusor plate 46 and operatively connect gap 9 with fluid outlet 18. Diffusor 44 is configured to reduce the pressure difference between gap 9 and fluid outlet channel 16, which is (amongst others) caused by the rotation of rotor 4 that is imparted to the primary cooling fluid in gap 9. In this example, the combination of cooling fluid inlet 14, cooling fluid conduit 20, gap 9, diffusor 44 and cooling fluid outlet 18 together form heat transfer system 21 in which primary cooling fluid is circulated.
Motor 1 further comprises second stator 52, which is disposed around rotor 4, and which is provided with a second stator cryostat 54. Second stator 52 is cooled using a third cooling fluid, which is provided through third cooling fluid inlet opening 56 and third cooling fluid outlet opening 58.
In a first example of assembly 102 (see figure 2), assembly 102 comprises rotor 104 having inner rotor space 108 and stator 106, which together define gap 109. Rotor 104 furthermore extends around rotation axis R over a rotor length LR. Stator 106 in this example extends parallel to rotor 104 over stator length LS. Gap 109 extends between the outer side of stator 106 and the inner side of rotor 104. In this example, gap 109 has a gap height Hg of about 2 mm.
Rotor 104 is provided with hollow shaft 110, which extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end 104a of rotor 104. Hollow shaft 110 surrounds fluid inlet channel 112 that is connected to fluid inlet 114 that in this example is positioned in stator 106. Hollow shaft 110 further surrounds fluid outlet channel 116 that is connected to fluid outlet 118 that in this example is positioned near a longitudinal end wall 104a of rotor 104 and is operatively connected to gap
109. Fluid inlet channel 112 and fluid outlet channel 116 are enclosed hollow rotor shaft 110,
which is enclosed by rotating seal 122. Each have a respective channel end 112a, 116a extending through rotating seal 122. Stator 108 further comprises fluid conduit 120 that extends partially along length LS of stator 108 and partially perpendicular to the length direction LS of stator 108. Fluid conduit 120 emanates at two locations in gap 109. The combination of cooling fluid inlet 114, cooling fluid conduit 120, gap 109 and cooling fluid outlet 118 therewith together form heat transfer system 121.
In a second example of assembly 202 (see figures 3a, 3b), assembly 202 comprises rotor 204 having inner rotor space 208 and stator 206, which together define gap 209. Rotor 204 furthermore extends around rotation axis R over a rotor length LR. Stator 206 in this example extends parallel to rotor 204 over stator length LS. Gap 209 extends between the outer side of stator 206 and the inner side of rotor 204. In this example, gap 209 has a gap height Hg of about 2 mm.
Rotor 204 is provided with hollow shaft 210, which extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end 204a of rotor 204. Hollow shaft 210 surrounds fluid inlet channel 212 that is connected to fluid inlet 214 that in this example is positioned in stator 206. Hollow shaft 210 further surrounds fluid outlet channel 216 that is connected to fluid outlet 218 that in this example is positioned in stator 206 on opposite sides of fluid inlet 214. As a result, cooling fluid inlet 214, cooling fluid conduit 220, gap 209 and cooling fluid outlet 218 together form circulation channel 228 through which primary cooling fluid can be circulated. Fluid inlet channel 212 and fluid outlet channel 216 are enclosed by hollow rotor shaft 210, which is enclosed by rotating seal 222. Each of the channels 212, 216 has a respective channel end 212a, 216a extending through rotating seal
222. Cooling unit 226 is in this example controlled by control unit 224, which is useable to, even during operation, control (amongst others) supply and discharge of primary cooling fluid as well as the temperature of the discharged fluid. As a result, the cooling capacity of assembly 202 can be increased or decreased by regulation of control unit 224. In this example (see figure 3a) cooling fluid conduit 220 extends parallel to rotation axis R along length LS of stator 206. Furthermore, in this example (see figure 3a) rotor wall 204b is provided with projections 211 that promote turbulence in the flow of primary cooling fluid through gap 209. In an alternative embodiment of the example (see figure 3b), cooling fluid conduit 220 extends adjacent outer edge 206b of stator 206 and emanates in gap 209. Heat transfer system 121 in this example is formed by cooling fluid inlet 114 (which in this example is configured for primary cooling fluid), fluid conduit 120, gap 209 and cooling fluid outlet 218 (which in this example is configured for primary cooling fluid).
During operation of assembly 202 according to this example, cooled primary cooling fluid from cooling unit 226 is provided into channel end 212a to flow via fluid inlet channel 212 through cooling fluid inlet 214 into cooling fluid conduit 220 and into gap 209. The primary cooling fluid is subsequently transported through gap 209 towards cooling fluid outlet 218 and onwards through cooling fluid outlet channel 216 towards cooling unit 226. During transport through gap 209 heat istransferred from rotor 204 to the primary cooling fluid in gap 209. Due to the presence of projections 211 on the rotor wall 204b (see figure 3a), the primary cooling fluid is brought in a turbulent flow, which increases heat transfer. It is noted that both stator 206 and rotor 204 in this example (see figure 3a) also have rounded edges 250 to prevent destabilisation of the primary cooling fluid flow in heat transfer system 221.
In a third example of assembly 302 (see figure 4), assembly 302 comprises rotor 304 having inner rotor space 308 and stator 306, which together define gap 309. Rotor 304 furthermore extends around rotation axis R over a rotor length LR. Stator 306 in this example extends parallel to rotor 304 over stator length LS. Gap 309 extends between the outer side of stator 306 and the inner side of rotor 304. In this example, gap 309 has a gap height Hg of about 2 mm.
Rotor 304 is provided with hollow shaft 310, which extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end 304a of rotor 304. Hollow shaft 310 surrounds fluid inlet channel 312 that is connected to fluid inlet 314 that in this example is positioned in stator 306. It is noted that in this example fluid inlet 314 is fluid inlet 330 that is configured for a secondary cooling fluid. Hollow shaft 310 further surrounds fluid outlet channel 316 that is connected to fluid outlet 318 that in this example is also positioned in stator 306. It is also noted that fluid outlet 318 in this example is fluid outlet 332 that is configured as outlet for a secondary cooling fluid. Furthermore, in this example cooling fluid inlet 330 is annular with cooling fluid outlet 330, whereas both are positioned in a longitudinal end wall 306a of stator 306. Fluid inlet channel 312 and fluid outlet channel 316 are enclosed by hollow rotor shaft 310, which is in turn enclosed by rotating seal 322. Each of the channels 312, 316 has a respective channel end 312a, 316a extending through rotating seal 322.
Stator 306 further comprises a central fluid conduit 320 having a first end that is connected to secondary cooling fluid inlet 330 and a second end that is connected to circulation channel 334 for circulating secondary cooling fluid. Circulation channel 334 extends at least partially along substantially entire length LS of stator 306 and emanates in secondary cooling fluid outlet 332. Gap 309, which is filled with primary cooling fluid and circulation channel 334, which is filled with secondary cooling fluid, are configured for exchanging heat from the primary cooling fluid in gap 309 to the secondary cooling fluid in circulation channel 334. In essence, heat transfer system 321 in this example therewith comprises two separate circuits containing cooling fluid.
In a fourth example of assembly 302 (see figure 5), assembly 302 comprises rotor 304 having inner rotor space 308 and stator 306, which together define gap 309. Rotor 304 furthermore extends around rotation axis R over a rotor length LR. Stator 306 in this example extends parallel to rotor 304 over stator length LS. Gap 309 extends between the outer side of stator 306 and the inner side of rotor 304. In this example, gap 309 has a gap height Hg of about 2 mm.
Rotor 304 is provided with hollow shaft 310, which extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end 304a of rotor 304. Hollow shaft 310 surrounds fluid inlet channel 312 that is connected to fluid inlet 314 that in this example is positioned in stator 306. It is noted that in this example fluid inlet 314 is fluid inlet 330 that is configured for a secondary cooling fluid. Hollow shaft 310 further surrounds fluid outlet channel 316 that is connected to fluid outlet 318 that in this example is also positioned in stator 306. It is also noted that fluid outlet 318 in this example is fluid outlet 332 that is configured as outlet for a secondary cooling fluid. Furthermore, in this example cooling fluid inlet 330 is annular with cooling fluid outlet 330, whereas both are positioned in a longitudinal end wall 306a of stator 306. Fluid inlet channel 312 and fluid outlet channel 316 are enclosed by hollow rotor shaft 310, which in turn is enclosed by rotating seal 322. Each of the channels 312, 316 has a respective channel end 312a, 316a extending through rotating seal 322.
Stator 306 further comprises a central fluid conduit 320 having a first end that is connected to secondary cooling fluid inlet 330 and a second end that is connected to circulation channel 334 for circulating secondary cooling fluid. Circulation channel 334 extends along substantially entire length LS of stator 306 and emanates in secondary cooling fluid outlet 332.
In this example stator 306 furthermore comprises primary cooling fluid conduit 336 that extends parallel to central fluid conduit 320 from a first end of stator 306 to a second end of stator
306. Primary cooling fluid conduit 336 emanates in fan 338 that is positioned in gap 309. Fan 338 is operatively connected to rotor 304 and is configured to rotate when rotor 304 is rotated. Fan 338, when in operation, displaces primary cooling fluid through gap 309 and subsequently through primary cooling fluid conduit 336 back to fan 338, thus forming a primary fluid circulation channel
340. This example thus provides two different circulation channels 334, 340 each of which is filled with cooling fluid that is circulated. Heat exchange between the primary cooling fluid and the secondary cooling fluid takes place between respective channels 340 and 334 and additionally heat transfer takes place in primary cooling fluid conduit 336 between the primary cooling fluid and stator 306, thus increasing the heat transfer (and discharge) from rotor 304.
During operation of this example, primary cooling fluid is circulated through primary fluid circulation channel 340 by means of fan 338. During circulation of primary cooling fluid through primary cooling fluid circulation channel 340 heat is transferred from rotor 304 to the primary cooling fluid in channel 340. Simultaneously, heat is transferred from channel 340 to the secondary cooling fluid in secondary cooling fluid circulation channel 334, which limits the temperature rise of the primary cooling fluid and allows heat to keep on being transferred from rotor 304 to the primary cooling fluid in channel 340. Furthermore, heat is transferred from channel 340 to stator 306 in primary cooling fluid conduit 336. At the same time, cooled secondary cooling fluid from cooling unit 326 is provided into channel end 312a to flow via fluid inlet channel 312 through secondary cooling fluid inlet 330 into secondary cooling fluid conduit 320 and (subsequently)
secondary cooling fluid circulation channel 334. The secondary cooling fluid in secondary cooling fluid circulation channel 334 is warmed up by heat that is transferred from the primary cooling fluid in primary cooling fluid circulation channel 340. That heat is discharged from the assembly through secondary cooling fluid outlet 332 and fluid outlet channel 316 to cooling unit 326 in order tobe cooled again.
As a result, the heat from rotor 304 and the associated superconductive elements thereon is efficiently removed.
The present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. The rights sought are defined by the following claims within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.
CLAUSES
1. Assembly for a cryogenic motor, the assembly comprising: — an assembly housing; — arotor that is positioned in the assembly housing, the rotor having a rotation axis and extending over a rotor length, wherein the rotor at least partially encloses an inner rotor space, and wherein the rotor further comprises a number of superconductive elements; — a stator that extends substantially collinear with the rotor inside the inner rotor space over a stator length; and — a gap between an outer side of the stator and an inner side of the rotor; wherein the assembly comprises a heat transfer system that is at least partially positioned in the stator, wherein the heat transfer system is configured for cooling the rotor and/or the superconductive elements.
2. Assembly according to clause 1, wherein the heat transfer system comprises a primary cooling fluid that is provided in the gap and that is configured to transfer heat from the rotor and/or superconductive elements to the stator.
3. Assembly according to clause 2, wherein the heat transfer system comprises: — a fluid outlet that is connected to the gap for discharging primary cooling fluid from the gap; and — a fluid inlet that is connected to a cooling conduit that extends through the stator and emanates in the gap, and preferably emanates near a longitudinal outer end of the stator that is opposite from the fluid outlet; and — a circulation channel that extends from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the circulation channel comprises the cooling conduit and the gap.
4. Assembly according to clause 3, the heat transfer system additionally comprising a control unit that is configured for at least regulating the flow of primary cooling fluid in the heat transfer system.
5. Assembly according to clause 2, wherein the heat transfer system comprises: — a cooling fluid inlet that is positioned in the stator; — a cooling fluid outlet that is positioned in the stator; — a cooling fluid conduit that extends between the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet and forming a circulation channel for circulating secondary cooling fluid, whereinthe cooling fluid conduit at least extends over substantially the entire stator length at or adjacent to an outer longitudinal surface thereof, such that, in use of the assembly, heat is exchangeable between a secondary cooling fluid in the cooling fluid conduit and the primary cooling fluid in the gap.
6. Assembly according to clause 5, the assembly additionally comprising: — a fan that is positioned in the gap near a first longitudinal end of the stator; and — at least one primary cooling fluid conduit that extends within the stator from a second longitudinal end to the first longitudinal end such that the primary cooling fluid conduit emanates in or near the fan; wherein, the fan, the at least one primary cooling fluid conduit and the gap form a cooling circuit for circulating primary cooling fluid.
7. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, further comprising a cooling unit, preferably a cryogenic cooling unit that is operatively coupled to the heat transfer system and that is configured for cooling the primary and/or the secondary cooling fluid.
8. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the stator and/or the rotor is provided with protrusions or indentations, wherein the indentations and/or protrusions have a length and a depth, wherein the length and the depth preferably are in the range of 5% — 20% of the gap height, and wherein more preferably the length and the depth are in the range of 10% of the gap height.
9. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the rotor comprises a hollow shaft that extends substantially perpendicular from a longitudinal end of the rotor, wherein the hollow shaft comprises an annular fluid assembly comprising a cooling fluid inlet channel and a cooling fluid outlet channel that are preferably concentrically positioned, wherein the cooling fluid inlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid inlet and wherein the cooling fluid outlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid outlet.
10. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, comprising a diffusor that is positioned upstream of the fluid outlet, wherein the diffusor is configured to equate pressure differences between the fluid outlet and the fluid conduit and/or the gap.
11. Assembly according to clause 10, wherein the diffusor comprises a diffusor plate that is provided with a number of vanes that extend in a radial direction towards the outer circumference of the diffusor plate.
12. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, when dependent on clause 3 or 4, wherein the stator comprises a fluid inlet chamber that is positioned between the fluid inlet and the gap near a longitudinal end of the stator, wherein the fluid inlet chamber is configured for diffusing the primary cooling fluid into the gap.
13. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the assembly further comprises a rotating seal that is operatively coupled to the rotor, wherein a fluid inlet channel and a fluid outlet channel that are connected to respectively the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet extend through the rotating seal.
14. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the rotor and the stator have a cylindrical shape, wherein longitudinal edges of the rotor and the stator have rounded edges.
15. Assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein a height of the gap is in the range of 0,5 mm — 3 mm, and preferably in the range of 1,0 mm — 2,5 mm, and most preferably around 2 mm.
16. Aircraft comprising at least one assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses.
17. Method for operating a cryogenic motor, the method comprising: — providing an motor comprising an assembly according to any one of the preceding clauses, — operating the motor.

Claims (17)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Samenstel voor een cryogene motor, de inrichting omvattende: — een samenstelbehuizing; — een rotor die gepositioneerd is in de samenstelbehuizing, waarbij de rotor is voorzien van cen rotatie-as en waarbij die zich uitstrekt over een rotorlengte, waarbij de rotor ten minste gedeeltelijk een binnenrotorruimte omsluit, en waarbij de rotor verder een aantal supergeleidende elementen omvat; — een stator die zich in hoofdzaak collineair met de rotor uitstrekt in de binnenrotorruimte over een statorlengte; en — een opening tussen een buitenzijde van de stator en cen binnenzijde van de rotor; waarbij het samenstel een warmte-overdrachtsysteem omvat dat ten minste gedeeltelijk in de stator aangebracht is, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem is ingericht voor het koelen van de rotor en/of de supergeleidende elementen daarin.Assembly for a cryogenic engine, the device comprising: - an assembly housing; - a rotor positioned in the assembly housing, the rotor having a rotation shaft and extending over a rotor length, the rotor at least partially enclosing an inner rotor space, and the rotor further comprising a number of superconducting elements; - a stator extending substantially collinearly with the rotor in the inner rotor space over a stator length; and - an opening between an outside of the stator and an inside of the rotor; wherein the assembly comprises a heat transfer system at least partially disposed in the stator, the heat transfer system being adapted to cool the rotor and / or the superconducting elements therein. 2. Samenstel volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem een primair koelfluidum omvat dat is aangebracht in de opening en dat is ingericht voor het overdragen van warmte van de rotor en/of de supergeleidende elementen naar de stator.An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer system comprises a primary cooling fluid disposed in the opening and adapted to transfer heat from the rotor and / or the superconducting elements to the stator. 3. Samenstel volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem omvat: — een fluïdumuitlaat die is verbonden met de opening voor het afvoeren van primair koelfluïdum uit de opening; en — een fluïduminlaat die is verbonden met een koelleiding die zich uitstrekt door de stator en die uitmondt in de opening, en bij voorkeur uitmondt nabij een longitudinaal uiteinde van de stator dat tegenover de fluidumuitlaat is gepositioneerd; en — een circulatiekanaal dat zich uitstrekt van de fluiduminlaat naar de fluidumuitlaat, waarbij het circulatiekanaal de koelleiding en de opening omvat.Assembly according to claim 2, wherein the heat transfer system comprises: - a fluid outlet connected to the opening for discharging primary cooling fluid from the opening; and - a fluid inlet connected to a cooling conduit extending through the stator and opening into the opening, and preferably opening near a longitudinal end of the stator positioned opposite the fluid outlet; and - a circulation channel extending from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, the circulation channel comprising the cooling line and the opening. 4. Samenstel volgens conclusie 3, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem additioneel een besturingseenheid omvat die is ingericht voor het ten minste reguleren van de stroom van primair koelfluidum in het warmte-overdrachtsysteem.An assembly according to claim 3, wherein the heat transfer system additionally comprises a control unit that is adapted to at least regulate the flow of primary cooling fluid in the heat transfer system. 5. Samenstel volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het warmte-overdrachtsysteem omvat: — een koelfluidum-inlaat die gepositioneerd is in de stator; — een koelfluïdum-uitlaat die gepositioneerd is in de stator;Assembly according to claim 2, wherein the heat transfer system comprises: - a cooling fluid inlet positioned in the stator; - a cooling fluid outlet positioned in the stator; — een koelfluidum-leiding die zich uitstrekt tussen de koelfluidum-inlaat en de koelfluidum- uitlaat en een circulatiekanaal vormt voor het circuleren van een secundair koelfluidum, waarbij de koelfluidum-leiding zich ten minste uitstrekt over in hoofdzaak de gehele stator- lengte aan of nabij een longitudinaal buitenoppervlak daarvan, zodat, in gebruik van het samenstel, warmte overdraagbaar is tussen een secundair koelfluidum in de koelfluidum- leiding en het primaire koelfluidum in de opening.A cooling fluid line extending between the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet and forming a circulation channel for circulating a secondary cooling fluid, the cooling fluid line extending at least over substantially the entire stator length at or near a longitudinal outer surface thereof so that, in use of the assembly, heat is transferable between a secondary cooling fluid in the cooling fluid line and the primary cooling fluid in the opening. 6. Samenstel volgens conclusie 5, waarbij het samenstel verder omvat: — een ventilator die gepositioneerd is in de opening nabij een eerste longitudinaal uiteinde van de stator; en — ten minste één primair koelfluidum-leiding die zich in de stator uitstrekt van een tweede longitudinale uiteinde van de stator naar het eerste longitudinale uiteinde van de stator zodat de primaire koelfluïdum-leiding uitmondt in of nabij de ventilator; waarbij de ventilator, de ten minste ene primaire koelfluidum-leiding en de opening een koelcircuit vormen voor het circuleren van het primaire koelfluïdum.Assembly according to claim 5, wherein the assembly further comprises: - a fan positioned in the opening near a first longitudinal end of the stator; and - at least one primary cooling fluid line extending in the stator from a second longitudinal end of the stator to the first longitudinal end of the stator so that the primary cooling fluid line opens into or near the fan; wherein the fan, the at least one primary cooling fluid line and the opening form a cooling circuit for circulating the primary cooling fluid. 7. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, verder omvattende een koel-eenhied, bij voorkeur een cryogene koeleenheid die werkzaam verbonden is met het warmte- overdrachtsysteem en dat is ingericht voor het koelen van het primaire en/of secundaire koelfluïdum.An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a cooling unit, preferably a cryogenic cooling unit, which is operatively connected to the heat transfer system and which is adapted to cool the primary and / or secondary cooling fluid. 8. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de stator en/of de rotor is voorzien van projecties en/of inkepingen, waarbij de projecties en/of inkepingen een lengte en een diepte hebben, waarbij de lengte en de diepte bij voorkeur in het bereik van 5% — 20% van de openinghoogte liggen, en waarbij bij meer voorkeur de lengte en de diepte in het bereik van 10% van de openinghoogte liggen.Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator and / or the rotor is provided with projections and / or notches, wherein the projections and / or notches have a length and a depth, the length and the depth preferably being in the range of 5% - 20% of the opening height, and more preferably the length and depth are in the range of 10% of the opening height. 9. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de rotor een holle schacht omvat die zich in hoofdzaak loodrecht op een longitudinaal uiteinde van de rotor uitstrekt, waarbij de holle schacht een ringvormig fluïdumsamenstel omvat dat een koelfluidum-inlaatkanaal en cen koelfluïdum-uitlaatkanaal omvat die bij voorkeur concentrisch gepositioneerd zijn, waarbij het koelfluidum-inlaatkanaal werkzaam is gekoppeld met de koelfluidum-inlaat en waarbij het koelfluidum-uitlaatkanaal werkzaam gekoppeld is met de koelfluidum-uitlaat.The assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the rotor comprises a hollow shaft extending substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal end of the rotor, the hollow shaft comprising an annular fluid assembly including a cooling fluid inlet channel and a cooling fluid outlet channel that preferably concentrically positioned, wherein the cooling fluid inlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid inlet and wherein the cooling fluid outlet channel is operatively coupled to the cooling fluid outlet. 10. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, omvattende een verdeler die stroomopwaarts van de koelfluidum-uitlaat gepositioneerd is, waarbij de verdeler is ingerichtvoor het vereffenen van drukverschillen tussen de fluidum-uitlaat en de koelfluidum-leiding en/of de opening.An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a manifold positioned upstream of the cooling fluid outlet, the manifold being adapted to equalize pressure differences between the fluid outlet and the cooling fluid line and / or the opening. 11. Samenstel volgens conclusie 10, waarbij de verdeler een verdelerplaat omvat die is voorzien van een aantal ribben die zich in een radiale richting naar de buitenomtrek van de verdelerplaat uitstrekken.The assembly of claim 10, wherein the divider comprises a divider plate having a plurality of ribs extending in a radial direction toward the outer periphery of the divider plate. 12. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 3 of 4, waarbij de stator een fluidum-inlaatkamer omvat die gepositioneerd is tussen de koelfluidum- inlaat en de opening nabij een longitudinaal uiteinde van de stator, waarbij de koelfluidum- inlaatkamer is ingericht voor het verdelen van de primaire koelfluïdum naar de opening.An assembly according to any preceding claim, when dependent on claim 3 or 4, wherein the stator comprises a fluid inlet chamber positioned between the cooling fluid inlet and the opening near a longitudinal end of the stator, the cooling fluid inlet chamber being adapted to distribute the primary cooling fluid to the opening. 13. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het samenstel verder een roteerbare afdichting omvat die werkzaam is verbonden met de rotor, waarbij een fluidum-inlaatkanaal en een fluidum-uitlaatkanaal die respectievelijk met de koelfluïdum-inlaat en de koelfluidum- uitlaat zijn verbonden door de roteerbare afdichting heen steken.An assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the assembly further comprises a rotatable seal operably connected to the rotor, a fluid inlet channel and a fluid outlet channel connected to the cooling fluid inlet and the cooling fluid outlet respectively protruding from the rotatable seal. 14. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de rotor en de stator een cilindrische vorm hebben, waarbij de longitudinale randen van de rotor en de stator zijn voorzien van afgeronde hoeken.Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor and the stator have a cylindrical shape, wherein the longitudinal edges of the rotor and the stator are provided with rounded corners. 15. Samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een hoogte van de opening in het bereik van 0,5 mm — 3 mm ligt, en bij voorkeur in het bereik van 1,0 mm — 2,5 mm ligt en bij meer voorkeur in het bereik van ongeveer 2 mm ligt.Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a height of the opening is in the range of 0.5 mm - 3 mm, and is preferably in the range of 1.0 mm - 2.5 mm and more preferably in the range is approximately 2 mm. 16. Vliegtuig omvattende ten minste één samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies.Aircraft comprising at least one assembly according to any one of the preceding claims. 17. Werkwijze voor het in werking hebben van een cryogene motor, de werkwijze omvattende: — het verschaffen van een motor omvattende een samenstel volgens één der voorgaande conclusies; — het in werking hebben van de motor.A method for operating a cryogenic engine, the method comprising: - providing an engine comprising an assembly according to any one of the preceding claims; - operating the engine.
NL2021566A 2018-09-05 2018-09-05 Assembly for a cryogenic motor and method for operating such motor NL2021566B9 (en)

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DE3102333C2 (en) * 1981-01-24 1985-05-30 Wilhelm Gebhardt Gmbh, 7112 Waldenburg External rotor motor
DE4315280A1 (en) * 1993-05-07 1995-01-05 Siemens Ag Electrical machine
DE19856456A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Asea Brown Boveri Gas-cooled electrical machine with an axial fan
US7821164B2 (en) * 2007-02-15 2010-10-26 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for a superconducting generator driven by wind turbine
EP2182619B1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2012-10-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for cooling of an electrical machine
DE102016111267A1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Cytec Zylindertechnik Gmbh Electric machine for machine tools

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