NL2019725B1 - Method for preparing mushroom compost - Google Patents
Method for preparing mushroom compost Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2019725B1 NL2019725B1 NL2019725A NL2019725A NL2019725B1 NL 2019725 B1 NL2019725 B1 NL 2019725B1 NL 2019725 A NL2019725 A NL 2019725A NL 2019725 A NL2019725 A NL 2019725A NL 2019725 B1 NL2019725 B1 NL 2019725B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- compost
- mushroom compost
- phase
- cooled
- mushroom
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008263 repair mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
Method of preparing mushroom compost. After inoculation of the mushroom compost, a mass of the mushroom compost is kept in a temperature controlled environment, such as a tunnel, during a colonization phase. In a subsequent cooling phase the mass of mushroom compost is cooled in the temperature controlled environment. In a final step the mass of mushroom compost is loosened and removed from the temperature controlled environment. In the cooling phase the mass of mushroom compost is cooled to a temperature below 15 ° C before the mushroom compost is loosened.
Description
Method for preparing mushroom compost
The present invention relates to a method of preparing mushroom compost. After inoculation a mass of mushroom compost is transferred to a conditioned environment with controlled humidity and 02 content, such as a tunnel, for a colonization phase. In a subsequent scooling phase the mushroom compost is cooled in the temperature controlled environment. In a final step the bed of mushroom compost bed is loosened and removed from the temperature controlled environment.
Mushroom compost or substrate is intended for the cultivation of edible mushrooms and is typically produced from a mixture of wheat straw and/or horse bedding (straw rich horse manure), poultry manure, gypsum and water. The composting process is generally performed in three phases. In phase 1, compost is pasteurized and fermented. In phase 2, the compost is further fermented and conditioned. At the end of phase 2, the compost is inoculated and subsequently colonized by mycelium in phase 3. These phases take place in bunkers and/or tunnels.
At the end of phase 3, the bed of compost is loosened and removed from the tunnel. When the compost is loosened the branched mycelium hyphae network is disturbed and broken. This causes wounds at the ends of the mycelium hyphae and triggers the mycelium's repair mechanisms to heal the wounds and to restore the hyphae network. As a result, the microbiological activity (respiration) increases significantly, causing additional heat production on top of the inherent high specific respiration heat of compost. At temperatures above 30°C the mycelium will die and is no longer able to produce mushrooms. Therefore, the loosened compost must be cooled, e.g., using C02-snow to allow transportation to further destinations. However, this is a very expensive process because high quantities of C02 are required. EP0434159A1 discloses a tunnel system for a phase 3 process with a temperature control system. EP1767086A1, EP2520159A1 and EP2596698A2 aim to find solutions to suppress the respiration heat during long distance transport. However, each of these methods require formation of compost blocks before cooling. EP2807916 teaches to use a reefer container using forced-air cooling.
The present invention aims to provide a more efficient and cost effective way solution to prepare phase 3 mushroom compost for further storage or transport.
To obtain this goal, the mushroom compost in the cooling phase is cooled to a temperature below 15°C before loosening the mushroom compost bed. Surprisingly it was found that this slows down or even inhibits the repair mechanisms of the mycelium. Since the compost temperature is substantially lower than the optimal growth temperature, the mycelium is not able to trigger the repair mechanisms which would have caused additional respiration and therefore heat production. Not only the respiration heat is inhibited, but also the heat content is removed in one processing step. Once the cooling phase is completed, the compost can be loosened and removed from the tunnel. This results in a significant reduction of handling time and allows for a multi-range logistics and transportation strategy to customers worldwide.
The compost is cooled down to below 15°C, e.g., below 13°C or to below 10°C. When the desired temperature is achieved, this temperature is maintained for, e.g., more than 1 hour, e.g., for more than 4 hours, e.g., for more than 8 hours, e.g., for at least 24 hours.
The mushroom compost can for example be cooled by means of cool air, e.g. ambient air and/or air, such as recirculated process air, which is actively cooled, e.g., by means of an air cooling system or by means of expansion of injected nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide.
Subsequently this compost can either be transported to customers over long distances in bulk without additional cooling. Optionally, blocks are formed of the mushroom compost. If desired, the compost temperature could be further reduced to below 4°C, or more preferable below 2°C using, e.g., C02 or vacuum cooling and subsequently be formed as blocks .
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings .
Figure 1: shows a mushroom compost preparation process according to the prior art in a flow diagram;
Figure 2: shows a flow diagram representing a mushroom compost preparation process according to the invention.
The flow diagram in Figure 1 shows schematically the usual process of preparing mushroom compost. In phase 1 compost is prepared by mixing horse manure, straw, poultry manure, gypsum and water. The mixture is stored in a tunnel or bunker for about 3-6 days. The mixture ferments and temperature rises to about 80°C due to microbiological activity.
At the end of phase 1 the compost is removed from the bunker or tunnel and introduced into a next tunnel to start phase 2. In this phase the compost is aerated and pasteurized at temperatures around 50-60°C to prevent contamination by other fungi. The compost is conditioned by converting ammonia. At the end of phase 2 the compost is once more removed from the tunnel.
In the next phase, phase 3, the mushroom compost is inoculated by means of mushroom spawn, usually Agaricus bisporus. The inoculated compost is transferred to another tunnel, where it is kept for about 15-17 days to allow colonization of the compost by mushroom mycelium at a temperature around 25°C. This is the optimal growth temperature of mushroom mycelium. The environmental conditions, in particular temperature, oxygen content and humidity, must be controlled accurately during this phase to assure optimal growth of the mycelium.
At the start of phase 3 the mycelium will start to form hyphae and will have a high biological activity (respiration) causing the formation of heat. As the growth continues the growth rate will reduce at the end of this phase. By that time the compost is completely colonized by mycelium forming a branched network of fungal hyphae.
At the end of phase 3 the colonized phase 3 compost is removed from the tunnels using a tunnel winch with beaters.
The beaters chop off the mushroom compost. The mushroom compost is then loaded in a truck or transport container for further transportation.
When the compost is chopped off the branched mycelium hyphae network is also broken. As set out above, this triggers repair mechanisms resulting in more respiration heat in addition to the inherent high specific respiration heat of mushroom compost. The loosened compost is then prepared for further transport, e.g. to a mushroom farm, by cooling the mushroom compost, for example by vacuum cooling or C02 snow (line a in Figure 1). Optionally, the mushroom compost is formed into blocks before it is cooled for long distance transport (line b).
The process according to the present invention is shown in the flow diagram of Figure 2. In this process, phase 3 has a colonization phase, e.g., of about 14 - 18 days, and a subsequent cooling phase. In the cooling phase, the compost is cooled to 15°C or lower at the end of phase 3, after full colonization of the mushroom compost. The mushroom compost can be maintained at this temperature for several hours, e.g., for 24 hours or more. At the end of the cooling phase the mushroom compost is loosened and removed from the tunnel. Cooling the mushroom compost before loosening the compost and disturbing the hyphae network inhibits the mycelial repair mechanism and prevents further heat generation. The mushroom compost can be transported without a further cooling step (line a).
Optionally it can be packaged and formed into blocks before transport (line b). A third option is to reduce the temperature of the mushroom compost even more before blocks are formed, followed by transportation (line c). For long distance transport the baled mushroom compost may be further cooled before and/or during transport, e.g., in a reefer container .
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2019725A NL2019725B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Method for preparing mushroom compost |
| PCT/NL2018/050671 WO2019074368A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2018-10-11 | Method for preparing mushroom compost |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2019725A NL2019725B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Method for preparing mushroom compost |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2019725B1 true NL2019725B1 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
Family
ID=60813920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2019725A NL2019725B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Method for preparing mushroom compost |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2019725B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019074368A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111066577A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-04-28 | 韶关市星河生物科技有限公司 | Bottled industrialized cultivation method of high-quality pleurotus nebrodensis |
| CN114577993B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-07-14 | 江苏裕灌现代农业科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting agaricus bisporus stacking gypsum |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2723493A (en) * | 1951-02-21 | 1955-11-15 | Benjamin B Stoller | Method of making composts and for growing mushrooms |
| US20040115791A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-06-17 | Suk-Ku Sim | Method and system of disposing food wastes |
| EP2520159A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-07 | Cedar Spring International | A method of transporting compost |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8903072A (en) | 1989-12-14 | 1991-07-01 | Interchamp B V | TUNNEL DEVICE FOR PREPARING COMPOST. |
| NL1029998C2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Dutch Trading Office B V | Method for transporting mushroom compost. |
| NL2010868C2 (en) | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-01 | Hooijmans Compost B V | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TRANSPORTING COMPOST. |
-
2017
- 2017-10-13 NL NL2019725A patent/NL2019725B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-10-11 WO PCT/NL2018/050671 patent/WO2019074368A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2723493A (en) * | 1951-02-21 | 1955-11-15 | Benjamin B Stoller | Method of making composts and for growing mushrooms |
| US20040115791A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-06-17 | Suk-Ku Sim | Method and system of disposing food wastes |
| EP2520159A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-07 | Cedar Spring International | A method of transporting compost |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019074368A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
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Free format text: DETAILS LICENCE OR PLEDGE: RIGHT OF PLEDGE, ESTABLISHED Name of requester: COOEPERATIEVE RABOBANK U.A. Effective date: 20200602 |
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