NL2019706B1 - A lighting unit - Google Patents
A lighting unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2019706B1 NL2019706B1 NL2019706A NL2019706A NL2019706B1 NL 2019706 B1 NL2019706 B1 NL 2019706B1 NL 2019706 A NL2019706 A NL 2019706A NL 2019706 A NL2019706 A NL 2019706A NL 2019706 B1 NL2019706 B1 NL 2019706B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- optical element
- refractive optical
- unit according
- profile
- continuous
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
- F21V5/004—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light using microlenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/007—Array of lenses or refractors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. for arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a lighting unit, comprising a light source and a refractive optical element that refracts a beam of light propagating from the light source. The refractive optical element includes a concatenation of freeform surfaces continuously and kinklessly adjoining each other. Further, each of the freeform surfaces includes a continuous, kinkless profile, preferably in a manner wherein a luminous surface of the refractive optical element contains at least circa five times an image of the light source, in a specific beam direction.
Description
Title: A lighting unit
The invention relates to a lighting unit, comprising a hght source and a refractive optical element refracting a beam of hght propagating from the hght source.
In modern lighting units, LED’s and laser-based hght sources can be used as a hght source. Then, hght generated by a LED or laser propagates through the refractive optical element such as a total internal reflection, TIR, lens or a freeform lens for illuminating a structure to be illuminated.
It appears, in practice, that the design of suitable refractive optical elements is no sinecure. As an example, due to the point source behaviour of LED’s, the luminance of lighting units can be relatively high and strongly dependent on a viewing angle towards the lighting unit, thus causing dazzling experience to persons who move through a space that is illuminated by the lighting unit.
It appears to be problematic to reduce the luminance of a lens. In fact, by enlarging a lens, the source image does not become larger. Further, when adding texture on a lens surface the control over a desired beam pattern is lost. Also, when using Fresnel lenses or a combination of discontinuous lenses rounding’s in injection moulded parts will be introduced, which result in stray hght which results in a lower quahty of the beamshaping performance of the hghting unit.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a hghting unit according to the preamble having a reduced luminance experience. Thereto, according to an aspect of the invention, a hghting unit according to the preamble is provided wherein the refractive optical element includes a concatenation of freeform surfaces continuously and kinklessly adjoining each other.
Advantageously, the refractive optical element includes a concatenation of freeform surfaces continuously and kinklessly adjoining each other. Then, the freeform surfaces can be designed such that light ray patterns propagating from neighbouring locations on the refractive optical element mutually overlap. Then, a relatively large illumination spot or light source image is generated by the refractive optical element, thus providing a relatively low observed luminance as the observed light is coming from a relatively large area from the refractive optical element. Further, a high uniformity of relatively low luminance can be obtained in a range of viewing directions so as to counteract a dazzling experience by persons present in the location that is illuminated by the lighting unit.
In addition, the concatenation of freeform surfaces can be designed such that overlapping light ray patterns from the refractive optical element together result in a desired intensity pattern for the total lighting unit. The refractive optical element may include a surface profile that oscillates in a single spatial dimension or in two spatial dimensions, wherein a profile curvature is variable and location dependent.
By applying a continuous, kinkless profile on the refractive optical element, the occurrence of scattered light rays, which typically occur at discontinuous surface transitions, is counteracted, thereby considerably reducing dazzling experiences and considerably enhancing the possibility to generate the desired intensity pattern for the total lighting unit.
Generally, freeform surfaces, also called microscopic freeform surfaces, have a continuous, kinkless profile and each freeform surface generates a refracted ray pattern, functioning as an elementary refracting portion of the refractive optical element - upon incidence by a ray propagating from the light source towards said freeform surface. Preferably, neighbouring freeform surfaces generate refracted ray patterns that partially overlap, e.g. up to at least circa 50% or at least circa 80% so that a light source image on an exit surface of the refractive optical element is virtually enlarged, thereby reducing an experienced luminance. Then, a luminance is redistributed in such a way that most points in the illuminated space are illuminated from multiple freeforme surfaces on the refractive surface. It appears that light entering a human eye from different spatial positions at the refractive surface causes a lower observed luminance which reduces dazzling experiences. The invention is at least partially based on the insight that the human eye has a limited spatial resolution and thereby a concentrated light beam propagating from a single spatial position is spread over a relatively large area at the eye retina.
Further advantageous embodiments according to the invention are described in the following claims.
It should be noted that the technical features described above or below may each on its own be embodied in a lighting unit, i.e. isolated from the context in which it is described, separate from other features, or in combination with only a number of the other features described in the context in which it is disclosed. Each of these features may further be combined with any other feature disclosed, in any combination.
The invention will now be further elucidated on the basis of a number of exemplary embodiments and an accompanying drawing. In the drawing:
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a lighting unit according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a first cross sectional view of a refractive optical element of the lighting unit shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 3 shows a second cross sectional view of the refractive optical element shown in Fig. 2;
Figure 4a shows a schematic perspective view of the refractive optical element shown in Fig. 2;
Figure 4b shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element of a lighting unit according to a second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4c shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element of a lighting unit according to a third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4d shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element of a lighting unit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element of a lighting unit according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 6 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a refractive optical element of a fighting unit according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, and
Figure 7 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a refractive optical element of a fighting unit according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
It is noted that the figures show merely preferred embodiments according to the invention. In the figures, the same reference numbers refer to equal or corresponding parts.
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a fighting unit 1 according to the invention. The fighting unit 1 has a fight source 2 such as a LED or another fight generating element such as a laser source. Further, the fighting unit 1 is provided with a collimating lens 3 and a refractive optical element 4. The fighting unit 1 also comprises an armature 55 to which the fight source 2, the collimating lens 3 and the refractive optical element 4 are mounted. During fighting, fight rays propagate from the fight source 2, via the collimating lens 3 and an intermediate inner space S of the armature 55 towards the refractive optical element 4. After transmission through said refractive optical element 4, a fight pattern is generated illuminating a structure to be illuminated.
The fighting unit 1 can be used for fighting purposes in various types of buildings including hospitals, doctor’s offices, dentist’s offices, elderly homes, offices, schools, crèches, nursery schools, day care centers, etc. Further, the lighting unit can be implemented as vehicle headlights, surgical hghting, examination hghting or torche, or as an industrial luminaire such as industrial line luminaire, outdoor luminaire, parking area luminaire, vehicle luminaire e.g. in a bus, airplane, metro etc, or tunnel hghting luminaire.
Figure 2 shows a first cross sectional view of the refractive optical element 4 of the hghting unit 1 shown in Fig. 1. For illustration purposes the fight source is shown as a point source while the collimating lens 3 is not shown in Fig. 2. The refractive optical element 4 includes a profile 5 facing the fight source 2. Said profile 5 is continuous and kinkless for creating a specific distribution of fight patterns.
The profile 5 is corrugated or wavy having local minima 5a and local maxima 5b, however without jumps and kinks, such that the surface of the refractive optical element 4 facing the fight source extends as a continuous, rather smooth function having a unique orientation on each location thereof. Then, the occurrence of fight scattering is counteracted.
In Fig. 2, three fight rays 6a-c are shown propagating from the fight source 2 towards the refractive optical element 4. The fight rays 6a-c enter the refractive optical element 4 via the continuous and kinkless profile 5 facing the fight source 2. Then, after propagating through the refractive optical element 4, the rays 6a-c depart from the refractive optical element 4 via a back surface 7 of the refractive optical element 4 facing away from the fight source, thus propagating as refracted fight beams 6’a-c towards a structure to be illuminated.
The refractive optical element 4 includes a concatenation of freeform surfaces 5c that adjoin each other in a continuous, i.e. without jumps, and kinkless, i.e. without abruptly changing the surface orientation, manner. Then, a continuous and kinkless profile 5 is formed by a continuous smooth combination of individual freeform surfaces 5c, also called microscopic freeform surfaces 5c that are continuously connected as non periodic freeform surfaces. The surface of the refractive optical element has an oscillating profile with spatial dependent curvature.
Advantageously, the freeform surfaces 5c form elementary refracting portions of the refractive optical element and are non-periodic such that a design can be implemented providing a specific distribution of hght patterns. Generally, each freeform surface generates a pre-clefined hght distribution.
Typically, a freeform surface is rotationally a-symmetric, in other words it has a single or a multiple number of optical surfaces that cannot be formed by rotating a two-dimensional curve around an axis.As shown in Fig. 2, ray patterns 8’a-e propagating from neighboring locations 8a-e on the back surface 7 of the refractive optical element 4 i.e. from neighboring freeform surfaces 5c mutually overlap. Advantageously, the continuous, kinkless non-repetitive profile 5 is designed such that a local overlap of ray patterns 8’a-e is substantial such that a high uniformity of luminance is provided in a range of viewing directions, e.g. in a range between circa 30 degrees or circa 50 degrees relative to a direction transverse to the surface of the refractive optical element facing away from the hght source.
Figure 3 shows a second cross sectional view of the refractive optical element 4 shown in Fig. 2. Here, an eye 100 is looking towards the hght source 2 in a viewing direction V. Again, hght rays 6d-f propagate through the refractive optical element 4. The eye 100 receives refracted hght rays 6’g-l. Apparently, a relatively large illumination spot or hght source image 18 is generated at the back surface 7 of the refractive optical element, thus providing a relatively low luminance as the hght is distributed over a relatively large area. Also in other viewing directions, a relatively large illumination spot or hght source image 18 is generated so as to provide a high uniformity of relatively low luminance in a range of viewing directions so as to counteract a dazzling experience by persons present in the location that is illuminated by the lighting unit 1.
Figure 4a shows a schematic perspective view of the refractive optical element 4 shown in Fig. 2. The continuous, kinkless profile 5 is onedimensional such that the surface 5’ of the refractive optical element 4 facing towards the fight source 2 has the above-described continuous, kinkless profile 5 extending in a width direction W while the surface 5’ in a length direction L, transverse to the width direction W, is invariant. The surface 5’ thus includes straight ridges and valleys arranged in an alternating manner. Here, a surface curvature in the oscillating profile depends on a width parameter. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4a the refractive optical element 4 is plate-shaped.
Figure 4b shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element 4 of a fighting unit 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Again, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is one-dimensional, however now extending in a circumferential direction C. Here, a surface curvature in the oscillating profile depends on a circumferential parameter. Similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4a, the surface 5’ facing towards the light source 2 is invariant in the length direction L that is now transverse to the circular direction C. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4b the refractive optical element 4 is shaped as a semicircular cylinder with the open side facing towards the light source 2.
Figure 4c shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element 4 of a lighting unit 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Again, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is one-dimensional, however now extending in a radial direction R with respect to a center point CP, while the back surface 7 on which said profile 5 is formed, is invariant in a circumferential direction C with respect to the center point CP. Here, a surface curvature in the oscillating profile depends on a radial parameter. It is noted that in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4c the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is not on the surface 5’ facing towards the light source 2 but on the back surface 7 of the refractive optical element 4 facing away from the fight source 2. Further, in the embodiment shown in Fig·. 4c, the refractive optical element 4 is generally disc shaped.
Figure 4d shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element 4 of a lighting unit 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Again, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is one-dimensional, however now extending on a ball surface along a path P with fixed radius R and fixed azimuthal angle but varying polar angle PA, over a range of circa 90 degrees, with respect to the location of the light source 2. Here, a surface curvature in the oscillating profile depends on a polar angle parameter. The surface 5’ facing towards the fight source 2 is invariant in the azimuthal angle AZ. Here, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is on the surface 5’ facing away from the fight source 2, similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4c. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4d, the refractive optical element 4 is generally funnel shaped.
Figure 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a refractive optical element 4 of a fighting unit 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. Here, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 is two-dimensional, extending both in a width direction W and a length direction L, transverse to the width direction W. The surface 5’ of the refractive optical element 4 facing the fight source 2 has a wavy structure wherein a surface curvature depends on both the width direction W and the length direction L forming three dimensional hills and valleys, as a mountain like landscape. The refractive optical element 4 is preferably plate shaped but the two-dimensional continuous, kinkless concatenation of freeform surfaces could also be applied to refractive optical elements with another shape, e.g. a funnel-shaped or semi-cylinder shaped refractive optical element. Further, the surface 5’ of the refractive optical element 4 may have another structure e.g. having hills and valleys next to each other. The hills may have steep slopes. Also, a macroscopic freeform shaped refractive optical element can be formed.
The refractive optical element 4 can be manufactured in various ways, e.g. using an injection molding, hot-embossing or extrusion process.
Generally, the collimating lens 3 is located between the light source 2 and the refractive optical element 4. The collimating lens 3 serves as a primary lens directing the light from the light source 2 towards the refractive optical element 4 serving as a secondary lens. The collimating lens 3 can be formed as a standard collimating lens, e.g. a so-called total inner reflection, TIR, lens typically including a cavity for receiving the hght source 2. The collimating lens 3 can be formed as a lens having two freeform surfaces, at opposite sides of the lens, providing a desired illumination of the refractive optical element 4. However, in principle, the hghting unit 1 can be provided without the collimating lens, then including only a single lens that is implemented as the refractive optical element 4. Instead of applying a collimating lens, another optic can be applied, e.g. a reflecting structure for propagating hght rays from the hght source 2 towards the refractive optical element 4.
By applying both a colhmating lens and a refractive optical element 4, i.e. a primary and a secondary lens, lens material can be saved without limiting a desired beam shaping performance of the lens. A volume occupied by the colhmating lens 3 and the refractive optical element 4 can be less than circa 0.25 multiplied by a distance H between the hght source 2 and a luminous surface of the refractive optical element 4, multiplied by the area of said luminous surface of the refractive optical element, or even less than circa 0.1 multiplied by said distance H multiplied by the luminous surface area of the refractive optical element, or even less than circa 0.01 multiplied by said distance H multiplied by the luminous surface area of the refractive optical element. Generally, the luminous surface of the refractive optical element 4 is the back surface 7 of the refractive optical element 4 through which hght rays may pass.
Similarly, a luminous surface 7 of the refractive optical element 4 can contain at least circa five times an image of the hght source, in a specific viewing direction, or even more than twenty light sources images, or even more than 100 light source images. Then an illuminating area on the luminous surface area can be five times larger than the illumination area of the fight source itself, or even more then twenty time, or even more than 100 times. . As described above, the continuous, kinkless profile 5 of the refractive optical element 4 may be formed on the surface 5’ facing towards the fight source 2 or on the surface 7 facing away from the fight source 2.
Figure 6 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a refractive optical element 4 of a fighting unit 1 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. Here, the refractive optical element 4 includes a first continuous, kinkless profile 15a on the surface 5’ facing towards the fight source, while also including a second continuous, kinkless profile 15b on the back surface 7 facing away from the fight source 2.
Further, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the surface 5’ facing towards the fight source includes a Fresnel profile adjoining the continuous, kinkless profile 15a thereby providing a refractive optical element having a relatively small thickness.
Figure 7 shows a schematic cross sectional view of a refractive optical element 4 of a fighting unit 1 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention. Here, the refractive optical element 4 includes a first Fresnel surface 16 for collimating the fight and a second continuous, kinkless profile 17 on the back surface 7 facing away from the fight source 2.
In a further embodiment, the refractive optical element may include a first continuous, kinkless profile at a first side of the optical element, and a flat surface or a curved Fresnel lens at a second side, opposite to the first of the optical element.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described above. It will be understood that many variants are possible.
It is noted, as an example, that the continuous, kinkless profile may contain additional texture, e.g. for diffusing the fight distribution.
It is noted that, preferably, the surface of the refractive optical element facing outwardly, i.e. away from the light source, is smooth or even locally flat to simplify a cleaning process.
It is further noted that the lighting unit may include more than one light source, e.g. two, four, ten or even more than ten hght sources.
These and other embodiments will be apparent for the person skilled in the art and are considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. For the purpose of clarity and a concise description features are described herein as part of the same or separate embodiments. However, it will be appreciated that the scope of the invention may include embodiments having combinations of all or some of the features described.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
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NL2019706A NL2019706B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | A lighting unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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NL2019706A NL2019706B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | A lighting unit |
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NL2019706B1 true NL2019706B1 (en) | 2019-04-19 |
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NL2019706A NL2019706B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | A lighting unit |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3770491A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-27 | Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG | Lighting device |
ES2936957A1 (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-22 | Daisalux S A U | Emergency luminaire (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2010041182A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Beam direction controlling device and light-output device |
EP2204604A1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-07 | ERCO GmbH | Lamp |
GB2474921A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-05-04 | Mark Sutton-Vane | Lens element with facets at different angles relative to one another |
DE102009056385A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Luminaire and traffic route lighting device |
WO2013068865A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light-shaping optical element |
-
2017
- 2017-10-11 NL NL2019706A patent/NL2019706B1/en active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010041182A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-04-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Beam direction controlling device and light-output device |
EP2204604A1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-07 | ERCO GmbH | Lamp |
DE102009056385A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Luminaire and traffic route lighting device |
GB2474921A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-05-04 | Mark Sutton-Vane | Lens element with facets at different angles relative to one another |
WO2013068865A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light-shaping optical element |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3770491A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-27 | Regent Beleuchtungskörper AG | Lighting device |
ES2936957A1 (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-22 | Daisalux S A U | Emergency luminaire (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
EP4160085A1 (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-04-05 | Daisalux, S.L.U. | Emergency luminaire |
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Legal Events
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HC | Change of name(s) of proprietor(s) |
Owner name: ETAP LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL NV; BE Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), CHANGE OF OWNER(S) NAME; FORMER OWNER NAME: ETAP N.V. Effective date: 20220825 |