NL2018141B1 - Composting apparatus - Google Patents

Composting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2018141B1
NL2018141B1 NL2018141A NL2018141A NL2018141B1 NL 2018141 B1 NL2018141 B1 NL 2018141B1 NL 2018141 A NL2018141 A NL 2018141A NL 2018141 A NL2018141 A NL 2018141A NL 2018141 B1 NL2018141 B1 NL 2018141B1
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NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
composting
trough
shaft
volume
volume ratio
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Application number
NL2018141A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Teunis Peter
Original Assignee
Ecocreation B V
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Priority to NL2018141A priority Critical patent/NL2018141B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2018141B1 publication Critical patent/NL2018141B1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/921—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially horizontally between inlet and discharge means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

There is provided a composting apparatus for blending composting material. The composting apparatus comprises a trough (3, 13) for containing the composting material and air; and a shaft s (5, 15, 16) arranged to blend the composting material, the shaft (5, 15, 16) 5 extending in the trough (3, 13). The apparatus is configured such that the trough with composting material has a surface-to-volume ratio of the surface area in m2 of the com posting material to air interface to the volume in m3 of the com posting material of at least 1,1, when filled to a predetermined level.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composting device for composting organic, putrescible material and particularly food waste.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Restaurants, cafeterias, cafes as well as retail stores discard considerable amounts of food on a daily basis. In these businesses, food is discarded when serving sizes exceed customer needs or when food reaches the expiration date. The food waste requires separate space to avoid contamination of fresh food and can create odors which are particularly undesirable for customers, staff and neighbors.
Businesses have thus introduced composting devices which enhance degrading food waste. In the composting devices, composting generates heat which evaporates a share of the water originally contained in the food waste and turns the food waste into compost, which only requires a fraction of the originally required space, has a low biological hazard potential and almost no odor.
Composting devices generally comprise a vessel for the composting matter and some types comprise a blending member ensuring that all parts of the composting matter are repeatedly exposed to air. By repeated exposure to air, i.e. aeration, bacteria is supplied with oxygen and water is allowed to evaporate and released.
WO 02/16288 A1 describes a composing system which includes a stationary generally horizontal composting chamber with an inlet and outlet at opposite ends of the chamber. Through the middle of the chamber is a shaft to which are attached discrete arms, appendages or flutes that extend into the outer volume of the chamber. The arms mix and agitate a composting material placed in the inlet and transport the compost material to the outlet at the other end of the chamber while the material composts and biodegrades in the chamber. The document also describes main types of composting systems devised for commercial purposes. In some conventional applications, degrading of the composting material largely relies on thermophile bacteria, i.e. bacteria requiring temperatures at least above 40° C to thrive. These bacteria tolerate the increased temperatures present during composting while other bacteria are stalled or die off. The germ load of the composting material is thus considerably reduced. Once the composting material exits the composting device and cools off, the thermophile bacteria turn inactive.
Within the frame work of this invention, food waste is food substance, raw or cooked, which is discarded, or intended or required to be discarded. Food waste within this frame work may principally refer to leftovers, which are uneaten edible remains of a meal when the meal is over, as well as food scraps, which are parts of a meal not intended to be eaten, such as bones.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
While the invention is defined in the independent claims, further aspects of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims, the drawings and the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a composting device according to the invention; and
Fig. 2A and Fig.2B are perspective views of a second embodiment of a composting device according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 shows a composting device according to a first embodiment of the invention. Before further describing details of the depicted embodiment, general aspects of the invention are laid out below.
According to a first aspect, the invention concerns a composting apparatus for blending and conveying composting material, comprising: a trough for containing the composting material; and a shaft arranged to blend and convey the composting material; wherein the shaft extends in the trough; and the composting apparatus being configured such that the trough with composting material has a surface-to-volume ratio of the surface area in m2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m3 of the composting material of at least 1,1, when filled to a predetermined level.
In some embodiments the trough is provided with an indicator indicating the predetermined fill level.
In some embodiments the indicator is a visible mark.
In some embodiments the volume of the trough is at least 0,680 m3, preferably at least 1,373 m3.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,2.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,28.
In some embodiments the composting device further comprises a measurement device arranged to indicate if a filling limit is reached, particularly a scale indicating a filling limit provided on a trough inner surface and/or a distance sensor arranged to measure a reflection on the horizontal surface of the composting material. The distance sensor in some embodiments is an acoustic sensor arranged in a lid of the trough measuring an echo run time of an acoustic signal. In some embodiments the scale is a marking arranged in the trough indicating a maximum filling limit.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,4.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,49.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is not larger than 2. It has been understood that if the surface-to-volume ratio is to large, loss of heat over the surface cannot be compensated by the composting process itself and has to be compensated by heating elements. Otherwise activity of thermophile bacteria used for the composting will decrease while other bacteria and fungi could increase.
In some embodiments the surface-to-volume ratio is not larger than 1,7.
In some embodiments the predetermined level is 10% to 90% of the volume of the trough. Preferably the predetermined fill level is at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 75%. Preferably the predetermined fill level is at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, or at most 55% of the trough volume.
In some embodiments the trough has a U-shaped cross section perpendicularly to the blending shaft.
In some embodiments the shaft has an angle below 20° to a horizontal plane and preferably extends horizontally in the trough.
in some embodiments the composting apparatus has at least two shafts arranged in parallel or at an angle below 20° with respect to each other.
In some embodiments the at least two shafts are arranged on the same height in the trough.
In some embodiments the inner bottom surface of the trough has one section arranged below each shaft, wherein each section extends in parallel to the axis of the respective shaft and bends around the respective shaft in a constant radius, the cross-section of the bottom surface thus being scalloped.
In some embodiments each pair of the sections below each shaft is separated by a distance smaller than the distance between the respective pair of shafts.
According to a second aspect, the invention concerns a method for composting organic, putrescible material comprising the steps of providing a composting apparatus having a trough for the composting material and a shaft to blend and convey the composting material; wherein the shaft extends in the trough; and providing composting material in the trough such that a surface-to-volume ratio of the surface area in m2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m3 of the composting material is at least 1,1.
In some embodiments of the method the surface-to-volume ratio is between 1,2 and 2, preferably between 1,28 and 1,49. In some embodiments of the method the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,2. In some embodiments of the method the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,28. In some embodiments of the method the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,4. In some embodiments of the method the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1,49.
According to an alternative aspect, an alternative invention concerns a composting apparatus comprising a trough for containing the composting material in an inner volume; and a heating element to heat the composting material, wherein the heating element is arranged in close contact with an outer surface of the trough to transmit heat through a wall of the trough; and wherein the heating element is an electric heating element.
In some embodiments the heating element is arranged to heat the composting material at the beginning of the composting process and to adapt heating power depending on the heat generated by the composting process.
Coming back to the description of Fig. 1, the composting device 1 comprises a trough 3 and a blending shaft 5 extending through the trough 3. The trough 3 is arranged to contain the material to be composted, particularly food waste. The blending shaft 5 is arranged to blend and/or convey the material to be composted in the trough.
In the depicted embodiment, the trough 3 comprises an upper portion 3A and a lower portion 3B. The lower portion 3B extends over the length L of the blending shaft 5 and has a semicylindrical inner surface with a fixed distance of a radius R in every point to the axis of the blending shaft 5. The lower portion 3B is closed at the endings of the blending shaft 5 by semicircular plates with the radius R. The trough 3 has an opening with a cover such as a dispensing hatch 8B allowing selective disposal of composting material from the trough 3. In some embodiments the dispensing hatch 8B is arranged in one or both of the semi-circular plates. In some embodiments the trough 3 has a gas outlet 8C. The gas outlet 8C is arranged to vent evaporated water and odor through a filter to minimize inconveniences and health risks in the environment of the composting device 1.
The upper portion 3A extends over the length L of the blending shaft 5 and has a cuboid shape with the length L of the blending shaft 5, a width of twice the radius R of the lower portion and a height of at least the radius R of the lower portion. The upper portion 3A interfaces with the lower portion 3B such that the interface includes the endings of the blending shaft 5. The upper portion 3A has walls extending vertically from the interface, while the upper portion 3A opens towards the lower portion 3B and towards a top of the trough 3 such that a cross section of the trough 3 perpendicular to the blending shaft 5 is U-shaped. The upper portion 3A and the lower portion 3B define a volume for containing composting material.
In the depicted embodiment, the blending shaft 5 is arranged with a drive mechanism 9 providing a rotation of the blending shaft 5 about its axis. The blending shaft 5 is equipped with protrusions 7 extending from the blending shaft 5 into the volume surrounding the shaft and being arranged to agitate the composting material in the trough. In some embodiments the protrusions 7 extend from the blending shaft 5 to the inner surface of the trough lower portion 3B. In some embodiments the protrusions 7 are arranged helically around the blending shaft 5. In some of these embodiments the protrusions 7 form a conveyor screw. In further embodiments the protrusions 7 are discrete paddles arranged helically or non-helically around the blending shaft 5. The paddles each have a pitched blade at their respective end distal from the blending shaft 5 which blade are arranged to locally push the composting material in a direction parallel to the blending shaft 5 and towards the opening in the semicircular plate when the blending shaft 5 rotates. In some embodiments, the blades are provided with at least one through hole allowing water to flow there through. In some embodiments, the blending shaft 5 extends horizontally in the trough 3. In further embodiments, the blending shaft 5 has an angle below 20° or below 45° to a horizontal plane.
The composting device 1 further comprises a lid arranged on the trough 3 such that the lid closes the trough 3. The lid prevents evaporated water and odor from leaking from the trough 3 in an uncontrolled manner. The lid has a loading hatch 8A . The loading hatch 8A is arranged to selectively allow composting material to be loaded while sealing the trough when the composting device 1 is operating. In some embodiments the lid is reattachably removable, such that the composting device 1 can be opened for cleaning and maintenance.
During operation, material to be composted is added into the trough 3 through the loading hatch 8A. The blending shaft 5 rotates in intervals or continuously thus conveying composting material towards the dispensing hatch 8B. As long as the dispensing hatch 8B is closed, the composting material piles up in front of the dispensing hatch 8B and eventually bypasses the blades and flows in the opposite direction. Rotation of the blending shaft 5 also urges the composting material to follow the rotational movement of the blades. The added composting material thus is blended with the previously present composting material.
Thermophile bacteria degrade the composting material into compost in an aerobic process while the degradation heats up the composting material. Heating of the composting material lets other bacteria and fungi die off, such that the germ load is reduced. Heating also evaporates water in the composting material which rises through the composting material to its air interface. This way, the composting material is dried and reduced in volume and weight while composted. When a composting cycle is over, composted material is dispensed through the dispensing hatch 8B. The trough 3 of the composting device 1 is not completely emptied before new composting material is added. This way, a share of the thermophile bacteria is always held back for the new composting material.
During a following operation, newly added material to be composted is deposited on the already composted material. The protrusions 7 of the blending shaft 5 blend the newly added material with the composted material such that the thermophile bacteria are effectively brought into contact with the newly added material and can start degrading and composting as early as possible. Preferably, the newly added material is thus be filled into the composting device 1 only up to the level of the radius R above the blending shaft 5 such that the protrusions 7 can penetrate the air interface and thus drag all of the newly added material into the composted material and vice versa.
It has been found that a certain minimum surface-to-volume ratio of the composting material to air surface area Ainterface and of the composting material volume Vcompost is advantageous for aeration and water evaporation of the composting material. This means that the structure of the composting device cannot be scaled arbitrarily, if comparable results are expected. Rather, if the diameter of the blending shaft protrusions is increased, the volume of the trough 3 increases more than proportionally with the diameter:
The surface area Ainterface of the composting material to air interface is the product of the length
L, and the diameter or twice the radius R:
^interface ~ L 2R
The composting material volume Vcompost depends on the fill level of the trough 3. However, as described above, the fill level preferably does not exceed the radius R above the blending shaft 5, such that the protrusions 7 of the blending shaft 5 penetrate the composting material to air interface during operation and drag newly added composting material with them. The volume of the composting material filled to a maximum is thus calculated from the product of the length L and the surface area Afront of the front side of the trough 3:
Vcompost ~ L Afront where
Afront = 2R* R + 1/2* nR2 = (2 + 7z* π) * R2 with 2R* R being the surface area of the front side of the upper portion 3A of the trough 3 and 7 * nR2 being the surface area of the front side of the lower portion 3B of the trough. The surface area Ainterface of the air interface is thus proportional to the radius R, while the composting material volume Vcompost is proportional to the square of the radius R, i.e. to R2. When the radius R thus is increased to create a larger trough 3 for more composting material in the composting device shown in Fig. 1, the volume Vcompost will increase more than the surface area Ainterface of the composting material to air interface. Said differently, the ratio AinterfaCe / Vcompost will decrease when the radius R increases.
For example, if the radius R is doubled, the surface area Ainterface of the air interface is also doubled, while the composting material volume Vcompostis quadrupled.
However, it has been found that evaporation of water from the composting material improves, if the ratio Ajnterface / VcompoSt is increased. The evaporation is particularly desirable for the reduction of volume and weight of the composting material.
In some embodiments the composting device further comprises a measurement device arranged to indicate if a filling limit is reached. In some embodiments the measurement device is a scale indicating a filling limit provided on an inner surface of the trough, particularly on the inside of one of the walls of the upper portion 3A. In some embodiments the scale is a marking arranged in the trough indicating a maximum filling limit. In further embodiments the composting device comprises a distance sensor arranged to measure a reflection on the air interface of the composting material. For example, the distance sensor is arranged in the lid and measures the distance from the lid to the composting material. In some embodiments the distance sensor is an acoustic sensor arranged to measure an echo run time of an acoustic signal.
In a first example of a composting device 1, a radius R from the central axis of the blending shaft to the inner surface of the trough lower portion 3B is 0,33 m; a length within the trough L parallel to the blending shaft is 1,05 m; a volume of the trough lower portion 3B up to the blending shaft central axis is 0,180 m3; a volume above the blending shaft central axis to the maximum filling level of 0,284 m3, such that the combined volume is 0,464 m3; and a surface area of the material-to-air interface of 0,694 m2. The combined volume corresponds to the maximum volume of composting material contained in the trough. Thus the ratio Ainterface / Vcompost is 1,49 (in 1/m). On average, a daily volume of composting material is 0,164 m3 and has a volume after composting of 0,033 m3. In this configuration, about 82 kg of composting material evaporate 57,5 kg of water per day. When emptying the composting device, the composting machine remains filled up to the level of the blending shaft. When filling the composting machine with the average daily volume on each day, by filling on the forth day the volume of composting material reaches the maximum volume of composting material.
In a second example of a composting device 1, a radius R from the central axis of the blending shaft to the inner surface of the trough lower portion 3B is 0,38 m; a length within the trough L parallel to the blending shaft is 1,15 m; a volume of the trough lower portion 3B up to the blending shaft central axis is 0,261 m3; a volume above the blending shaft central axis to the maximum filling level of 0,420 m3, such that the combined volume is 0,680 m3; and a surface area of the material-to-air interface of 0,874 m2. The combined volume corresponds to the maximum volume of composting material contained in the trough. Thus the ratio Ainterface i Vcompost is 1,28 (in 1/m). On average, a daily volume of composting material is 0,274 m3 and has a volume after composting of 0,055 m3. In this configuration, about 137 kg of composting material evaporate 95,9 kg of water per day. When emptying the composting device, the composting machine remains filled up to the level of the blending shaft. When filling the composting machine with the average daily volume on each day, by filling on the forth day the volume of composting material reaches the maximum volume of composting material.
For the above examples it has been found that the maximum fill level of the trough may be between 0,08 m to 0,15 m above an outer edge of the blade in the uppermost position.
It is principally conceivable to increase the composting material volume Vcompost by increasing the length L of the trough 3, such that composting material volume Vcompostand surface area interface of the air interface increase proportionally to each other without changing the ratio
Ajnterface I Vcompost- This however makes the composting device 1 more difficult to install in a business facility, and would deteriorate blending properties of the composting device 1, since portions at the ends of the trough 3 would be less likely to blend with each other the further they are apart. It is principally also conceivable to instruct the user to fill the trough 3 up to a fill level well below the radius R above the blending shaft 5. However, since the space is still present at least to accommodate the protrusions 7 of the blending shaft 5, it cannot be expected that the user will always comply with this instruction. Furthermore, if the blending shaft axis becomes too long, mechanical forces such as torsional stress will become too high.
Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B thus show a double shaft composting device 11 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The double shaft composting device 11 comprises a double trough 13, a first blending shaft 15 and a second blending shaft 16. In some embodiments, the first blending shaft 15 and the second blending shaft 16 extend in parallel and have the same length L. The first and second blending shafts 15, 16 each comprise first and second protrusions 17, 18 extending from the first and second blending shafts 15, 16, respectively. In some embodiments the first and second protrusions 17, 18 are arranged helically around the first and second blending shafts 15, 16, respectively. In some of these embodiments the first and second protrusions 17, 18 each form a conveyor screw. In further embodiments the first and second protrusions 17, 18 are discrete paddles or elements arranged helically or nonhelically around the first and second blending shafts 15, 16, respectively.
The double shaft composting device 11 is equipped with a double drive mechanism 19 selectively providing a rotation of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 about their respective axes. In some embodiments, the first and second protrusions 17, 18 and the drive mechanism are arranged to forward composting material in opposite directions, such that a circulation of composting material about a vertical axis is effected in the double trough 13. In some embodiments, the first blending shaft 15 and the second blending shaft 16 turn in opposite directions, wherein the first and second protrusions 17, 18 move upwards in the area between the first and second blending shafts 15, 16.
In the depicted embodiment, the double trough 13 comprises an upper portion 13A and a lower portion 13B. The upper and lower portions 13A, 13B extend over the length L of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16. An inner surface at the bottom of the double trough 13 is sectioned and has first and second inner surface sections 13 BA, 13BB arranged below each of first and second blending shafts 15, 16, respectively, wherein each of first and second inner surface sections 13 BA, 13BB extends in parallel to the axis of the respective blending shaft 15, 16 and bends around the respective blending shaft 15, 16 in the same constant radius R over an angular range d, thus forming a cylinder sector lateral surface with d as their central angle. In further embodiments, the first inner surface section 13BA below the first blending shaft 15 bends around the first blending shaft 15 in a first radius R1 and the second inner surface section 13BB below the second blending shaft 16 bends around the second blending shaft 16 in a second radius R2 over first and second angular ranges di and d2, respectively.
The first and second protrusions 17, 18 reach from the first and second blending shafts 15, 16, respectively, to the first and second inner surface sections 17, 18, respectively. In some embodiments, the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 are separated at least by a distance corresponding to the sum of the lengths of the first and second protrusions 17, 18. In further embodiments, the first blending shaft 15 and the second blending shaft 16 are arranged in a distance smaller than the sum of the lengths of the first and second protrusions 17, 18 and the first protrusions 17 interdigitate with the second protrusions 18, i.e. they comb into each other during operation.
In some embodiments, the inner surface sections 13BA, 13BB are juxtaposed and immediately border each other. In some of these embodiments, each inner surface section is almost semicylindrical such that the angular range d is close to 180°. In further embodiments, the inner surface sections 13BA,13BB are separated by an intermediate section 13BC. In some of these embodiments, the inner surface sections 13BA, 13BB each forming a cylinder sector lateral surface with the angular range d below 180°. In further embodiments, the angular range d is below 90°. In some embodiments, the intermediate section 13BC is a flat plate. In some embodiments, the intermediate section 13BC is arranged at a height of at least % * R below the axis of the first and/or second blending shafts 15, 16. Due to the intermediate section 13BC, the area through which the composting material around the first blending shaft 15 and the composting material around the second blending shaft 16 can exchange increases. In further embodiments, the intermediate section 13BC is arranged at a height of not more than % * R below the axis of at least one of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16. Due to this minimum height, deadlocked composting material between the first and second inner surface sections 13BA, 13BB at the bottom of the double trough 13 is avoided.
The lower portion 13B is closed at the endings of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 by end plates perpendicular to the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 and matching the cross section of the first and second inner surface sections 13 BA, 13BB. In some embodiments one or both of the end plates has an opening with a cover such as a dispensing hatch 12B allowing selective disposal of composting material from the double trough 13.
The upper portion 13A extends over the length L of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 and has a cuboid shape with the length L of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16. In some embodiments, a width of the upper portion 13A corresponds to the sum of twice the radius R1 and R2, respectively. In various embodiments, a height of the upper portion 13A is at least the radius R or the larger one of R1 and R2. The upper portion 13A interfaces with the lower portion 13B such that the interface includes the endings of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16. The upper portion 3A has walls extending vertically from the interface, while the upper portion 3A opens towards the lower portion 3B and towards a top of the trough 3. In further embodiments the dispensing hatch 12B is arranged in one of the walls lateral to the blending shafts 15, 16. In further embodiments the wall comprise a gas outlet 12C. The gas outlet 12C is arranged to vent evaporated water and odor through a filter to minimize inconveniences and health risks in the environment of the double shaft composting device 11.
For the arrangement with two blending shafts 15, 16, the cross-section of the trough 13 perpendicularly to one of the blending shafts 15, 16 thus is roughly ω-shaped.
The double shaft composting device 11 further comprises a lid arranged on the double trough 13 such that the lid closes the double trough 13. The lid prevents evaporated water and odor from leaking from the double trough 3 in an uncontrolled manner. The lid has a loading hatch 12A. The loading hatch 12A is arranged to selectively allow composting material to be loaded while sealing the trough when the composting device 1 is operating. In some embodiments the lid as well as the loading hatch 12A are reattachably removable, such that the double shaft composting device 11 can be opened for cleaning and maintenance.
In some embodiments, the double shaft composting device is provided with a venting system providing fresh air in the double trough 13.
During operation, material to be composted is added into the double trough 3 through the loading hatch 12A. The first and second blending shafts 15, 16 blend the composting material with composted material to effectively disperse the thermophile bacteria. In some embodiments, the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 urge the composting material in opposite directions such that the composting material travels in a ring through the double trough 13. Once the composting material is sufficiently processed, the dispensing hatch 12B can be opened and composted material can be dispensed. In some embodiments, the movement of the first and second blending shafts 15, 16 support dispensing by urging the composted material through the dispensing hatch 12B.
In the arrangement described with respect to Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B, the increase of volume for the composting material corresponds to the increase of surface area of the interface between the composting material and air. For example, starting from the device depicted in Fig. 1 and adding a blending shaft as depicted in Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B with the same radius R and length L, the surface area of the air interface and the volume for the composting material both have doubled.
As explained further above, in some embodiments the composting device further comprises a measurement device arranged to indicate if a filling limit is reached.
In an example of a double shaft composting device 11, a radius R from the central axis of the blending shaft to the respective inner surface section of the trough lower portion 13B is 0,33 m; a length within the trough L parallel to the blending shaft is 1,55 m; a volume of the trough lower portion 13B up to the blending shaft central axis is 0,533 m3; a volume above the blending shaft central axis to the maximum filling level of 0,840 m3, such that the combined volume is 1,373 m3; and a surface area of the material-to-air interface of 2,049 m2. The combined volume corresponds to the maximum volume of composting material contained in the trough. Thus the ratio Ajnterface > Vcompost is 1,49 (in 1/m). On average, a daily volume of composting material is 0,548 m3 and has a volume after composting of 0,110 m3. In this configuration, about 274 kg of composting material evaporate 191,8 kg of water per day. When emptying the composting device, the composting machine remains filled up to the level of the blending shaft. When filling the composting machine with the average daily volume on each day, by filling on the forth day the volume of composting material reaches the maximum volume of composting material.
In further embodiments, the composting device has three or more blending shafts, wherein one inner surface section is arranged below each of the blending shafts and each of the inner surface sections bends around the respective blending shaft in the same radius or in different radii constant over the length of the respective blending shafts. The cross-section of the lower 5 portion thus has a scalloped edge. In some of these embodiments, each pair of juxtaposed blending shafts urges the composting material in opposing directions to receive an increased blending action.

Claims (18)

CLAUSESCLAUSES 1. Composting apparatus for blending composting material, comprising:1. Composting apparatus for blending composting material, including: a trough (3, 13) for containing the composting material and air; and a shaft (5, 15, 16) arranged to blend the composting material;a trough (3, 13) for containing the composting material and air; and a shaft (5, 15, 16) arranged to blend the composting material; wherein the shaft (5, 15, 16) extends in the trough (3, 13);where the shaft (5, 15, 16) extends into the trough (3, 13); characterized by being configured such that the trough with composting material has a surfaceto-volume ratio of the surface area in m2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m3 of the composting material of at least 1,1, when filled to a predetermined level.characterized by being configured such that the trough with composting material has a surfaceto-volume ratio of the surface area in m 2 or the composting material to air interface to the volume in m 3 or the composting material or at least 1.1, when filled to a predetermined level. 2. Composting apparatus according to clause 1, wherein the trough is provided with an indicator indicating the predetermined fill level.2. Composting apparatus according to clause 1, where the trough is provided with an indicator indicating the predetermined fill level. 3. Composting apparatus according to clause 2, wherein the indicator is a visible mark.3. Composting apparatus according to clause 2, where the indicator is a visible mark. 4. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the volume of the trough is at least 0,680 m3, preferably at least 1,373 m3.4. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, the volume of the trough is at least 0.680 m 3 , preferably at least 1.373 m 3 . 5. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the surface-tovolume ratio is at least 1,2, preferably at least 1,28.5. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, where the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.28. 6. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the surface-tovolume ratio is at least 1,4, preferably at least 1,49.6. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, where the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.49. 7. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the surface-tovolume ratio is not larger than 2, preferably not larger than 1,7.7. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, where the surface-to-volume ratio is not larger than 2, preferably not larger than 1.7. 8. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, further comprising a measurement device arranged to indicate if a filling limit is reached, particularly a scale indicating a filling limit provided on a trough inner surface and/or a distance sensor arranged to measure a reflection on the composting material to air interface.8. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, further including a measurement device arranged to indicate if a filling limit has been reached, particularly a scale indicating a filling limit provided on a trough inner surface and / or a distance sensor arranged to measure a reflection on the composting material to air interface. 9. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the predetermined level is 10% to 90% of the volume of the trough, preferably above 30%, above 40%, above 50%, above 60%, above 70%, or above 75%.9. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, where the predetermined level is 10% to 90% of the volume of the trough, preferably above 30%, above 40%, above 50%, above 60%, above 70%, or above 75%. 10. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the shaft (5,10. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, regarding the shaft (5, 15, 16) has an angle below 45° preferably below 20° to a horizontal plane and more preferably extends horizontally in the trough (3, 13).15, 16) has an angle below 45 ° preferably below 20 ° to a horizontal plane and more preferably extends horizontally in the trough (3, 13). 11. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the trough (3) has a U-shaped cross section perpendicularly to the shaft (5).11. Composting apparatus according to any of the previous clauses, including the trough (3) has a U-shaped cross section perpendicularly to the shaft (5). 12. Composting apparatus according to any of the clauses 1 to 10, having at least two shafts (15, 16) arranged at an angle below 20° with respect to each other, preferably arranged in parallel.12. Composting apparatus according to any of the clauses 1 to 10, having at least two shafts (15, 16) arranged at an angle below 20 ° with respect to each other, preferably arranged in parallel. 13. Composting apparatus according to clause 12, wherein the at least two shafts (15, 16) are arranged on the same height in the trough (13).13. Composting apparatus according to clause 12, in which the at least two shafts (15, 16) are arranged at the same height in the trough (13). 14. Composting apparatus according to clause 9 or 10, wherein the inner bottom surface of the trough (3, 13) has one section (13BA, 13BB) arranged below each shaft (15, 16), wherein each section (13BA, 13BB) extends in parallel to the axis of the respective shaft (15, 16) and bends around the respective shaft (15, 16) in a constant radius.14. Composting apparatus according to clause 9 or 10, the inner bottom surface of the trough (3, 13) has one section (13BA, 13BB) arranged below each shaft (15, 16), each section (13BA, 13BB) extends in parallel to the axis of the respective shaft (15, 16) and bends around the respective shaft (15, 16) in a constant radius. 15. Composting apparatus according to clause 14, wherein each pair of the sections (13BA, 13BB) below each shaft (15, 16) is separated by a distance smaller than the distance between the respective pair of shafts (15, 16).15. Composting apparatus according to clause 14, each pair of sections (13BA, 13BB) below each shaft (15, 16) is separated by a distance narrower than the distance between the respective pair of shafts (15, 16). 16. Method for composting organic, putrescible material comprising the steps of providing a composting apparatus having a trough (3, 13) for the composting material and a shaft (5, 15, 16) to blend and convey the composting material; wherein the shaft (5, 15, 16) extends in the trough;16. Method for composting organic, putrescible material including the steps of providing a composting apparatus having a trough (3, 13) for the composting material and a shaft (5, 15, 16) to blend and convey the composting material; where the shaft (5, 15, 16) extends into the trough; providing composting material in the trough (3, 13) such that a surface-to-volurne ratio of the surface area in m2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m3 of the composting material is at least 1,1.providing composting material in the trough (3, 13) such that a surface-to-volume ratio of the surface area in m 2 or the composting material to air interface to the volume in m 3 or the composting material is at least 1.1 . 17. Method according to clause 16, wherein the surface-to-volume ratio is between 1,2 and 2, preferably between 1,28 and 1,49.17. Method according to clause 16, where the surface-to-volume ratio is between 1.2 and 2, preferably between 1.28 and 1.49. 5 18. Use of a composting apparatus according to any of the clauses 1 to 15 for composting organic and/or putrescible material.18. Use of a composting apparatus according to any of the clauses 1 to 15 for composting organic and / or putrescible material. CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Composteerinrichting voor het mengen van composteermateriaal, omvattende:A composting device for mixing composting material, comprising: een trog (3, 13) voor het bevatten van het composteermateriaal en lucht; en een stang (5, 15, 16) ingericht voor het mengen van het composteermateriaal;a trough (3, 13) for containing the composting material and air; and a rod (5, 15, 16) adapted to mix the composting material; waarbij de stang (5, 15, 16) zich uitstrekt in de trog (3, 13);wherein the rod (5, 15, 16) extends into the trough (3, 13); gekenmerkt door zodanig ingericht te zijn dat de trog met composteermateriaal een oppervlaktot-volumeverhouding heeft van het oppervlakgebied in m2 van het composteermateriaal tot luchtinterface tot het volume in m3 van het composteermateriaal van ten minste 1,1, wanneer gevuld tot een vooraf bepaald niveau.characterized by being arranged such that the trough with composting material has a surface to volume ratio of the surface area in m 2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m 3 of the composting material of at least 1.1 when filled to a predetermined level . 2. Composteerinrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de trog is verschaft met een indicator die het vooraf bepaalde vulniveau aanduidt.The composting device of claim 1, wherein the trough is provided with an indicator indicating the predetermined fill level. 3. Composteerinrichting volgens conclusie 2, waarbij de indicator een zichtbare markering is.The composting device of claim 2, wherein the indicator is a visible marker. 4. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het volume van de trog ten minste 0,680 m3 is, bij voorkeur ten minste 1,373 m3.Composting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the volume of the trough is at least 0.680 m 3 , preferably at least 1.373 m 3 . 5. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de oppervlak-totvolumeverhouding ten minste 1,2 is, bij voorkeur ten minste 1,28.Composting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface-to-volume ratio is at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.28. 6. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de oppervlak-totvolumeverhouding ten minste 1,4 is, bij voorkeur ten minste 1,49.A composting device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface to volume ratio is at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.49. 7. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de oppervlak-totvolumeverhouding niet groter dan 2 is, bij voorkeur niet groter dan 1,7.Composting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface-to-volume ratio is no greater than 2, preferably no greater than 1.7. 8. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, verder omvattende een meetinrichting ingericht om aan te duiden of een vullimiet is bereikt, in het bijzonder een schaal die een vullimiet aanduidt verschaft op het binnenste oppervlak van een trog en/of een afstandsensor ingericht voor het meten van een reflectie op het composteermateriaal tot luchtinterface.A composting device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a measuring device adapted to indicate whether a filling limit has been reached, in particular a scale indicating a filling limit provided on the inner surface of a trough and / or a distance sensor adapted to measuring a reflection on the composting material into an air interface. 9. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het vooraf bepaalde niveau 10% tot 90% van het volume van de trog is, bij voorkeur boven 30%, boven 40%, boven 50%, boven 60%, boven 70%, of boven 75%.A composting device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined level is 10% to 90% of the volume of the trough, preferably above 30%, above 40%, above 50%, above 60%, above 70%, or above 75%. 10. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de stang (5, 15, 16) een hoek heeft onder 45° bij voorkeur onder 20° tot een horizontaal vlak en zich meer bij voorkeur horizontaal uitstrekt in de trog (3, 13).Composting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rod (5, 15, 16) has an angle of 45 °, preferably of 20 ° to a horizontal plane and more preferably extends horizontally in the trough (3, 13) . 11. Composteerinrichting volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de trog een Uvormige dwarsdoorsnede heeft loodrecht op de stang (5).Composting device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the trough has a U-shaped cross-section perpendicular to the rod (5). 12. Composteerinrichting volgens een van conclusies 1 tot 10, met ten minste twee stangen (15, 16) opgesteld onder een hoek onder 20° ten opzichte van elkaar, bij voorkeur parallel opgesteld.A composting device according to any of claims 1 to 10, with at least two rods (15, 16) arranged at an angle of 20 ° with respect to each other, preferably arranged in parallel. 13. Composteerinrichting volgens conclusie 12, waarbij de ten minste twee stangen (15, 16) zijn opgesteld op dezelfde hoogte in de trog (13).A composting device according to claim 12, wherein the at least two rods (15, 16) are arranged at the same height in the trough (13). 14. Composteerinrichting volgens conclusie 9 of 10, waarbij het binnenste bodemoppervlak van de trog (3, 13) een sectie (13BA, 13BB) heeft opgesteld onder elke stang (15, 16) waarbij elke sectie (13BA, 13BB) zich uitstrekt parallel aan de as van de desbetreffende stang (15, 16) en buigt rondom de desbetreffende stang (15, 16) in een constante radius.A composting device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the inner bottom surface of the trough (3, 13) has a section (13BA, 13BB) disposed under each rod (15, 16) with each section (13BA, 13BB) extending parallel to the axis of the respective rod (15, 16) and bends around the respective rod (15, 16) in a constant radius. 15. Composteerinrichting volgens conclusie 14, waarbij elk paar van de secties (13BA, 13BB) onder elke stang (15, 16) wordt gescheiden door een afstand kleiner dan de afstand tussen het desbetreffende paar stangen (15, 16).The composting device of claim 14, wherein each pair of the sections (13BA, 13BB) is separated under each rod (15, 16) by a distance smaller than the distance between the respective pair of rods (15, 16). 16. Werkwijze voor het composteren van organisch, bederfelijk materiaal omvattende de stappen van verschaffen van een composteerinrichting met een trog (3, 13) voor het composteermateriaal en een stang (5, 15, 16) voor het mengen en transporteren van het composteermateriaal; waarbij de stang (5, 15, 16) zich uitstrekt in de trog;A method for composting organic, perishable material comprising the steps of providing a composting device with a trough (3, 13) for the composting material and a rod (5, 15, 16) for mixing and transporting the composting material; wherein the rod (5, 15, 16) extends into the trough; verschaffen van composteermateriaal in de trog (3, 13) zodanig dat een oppervlak-totvolumeverhouding van het oppervlakgebied in m2 van het composteermateriaal tot luchtinterface tot het volume in m3 van het composteermateriaal ten minste 1,1 is.providing composting material in the trough (3, 13) such that a surface to volume ratio of the surface area in m 2 of the composting material to air interface to the volume in m 3 of the composting material is at least 1.1. 5 17. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 16, waarbij de oppervlak-tot-volumeverhouding tussen 1,2 en17. The method of claim 16, wherein the surface to volume ratio is between 1.2 and 2 is, bij voorkeur tussen 1,28 en 1,49.2, preferably between 1.28 and 1.49. 18. Het gebruik van een composteerinrichting volgens een van conclusies 1 tot 15 voor het composteren van organisch en/of bederfelijk materiaal.The use of a composting device according to any of claims 1 to 15 for composting organic and / or perishable material. 1/31/3
NL2018141A 2017-01-07 2017-01-07 Composting apparatus NL2018141B1 (en)

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