NL2017980B1 - Process of butt-welding a laminated item, and an assembly comprising a butt-welded laminated item - Google Patents

Process of butt-welding a laminated item, and an assembly comprising a butt-welded laminated item Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2017980B1
NL2017980B1 NL2017980A NL2017980A NL2017980B1 NL 2017980 B1 NL2017980 B1 NL 2017980B1 NL 2017980 A NL2017980 A NL 2017980A NL 2017980 A NL2017980 A NL 2017980A NL 2017980 B1 NL2017980 B1 NL 2017980B1
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Prior art keywords
insert
base layer
layer
item
layers
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NL2017980A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2017980A (en
Inventor
A De Jong Johannes
Ljm Aggenbach Etienne
Kam-Sang Yuen Simon
Go Serate Duane
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G C C Holding B V
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/34—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0053—Seam welding
    • B23K15/0066—Seam welding with backing means disposed under the seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/0203—Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/035—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts with backing means disposed under the seam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: -- placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and defines a bottom of a welding groove; and -- butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove.

Description

Process of butt-welding a laminated item, and an assembly comprising a butt-welded laminated item
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a process of butt-welding items, in particular plates or strips, with either a flat or curved surface, the latter such as e.g. in transport pipes or vessels with clad walls. At least one of the items is laminated, comprising a first or base layer of a strength-providing first material and, on at least one side thereof, a second, cladding layer of a wear-resistant and/ or corrosion-resistant second material that is different than the material of the base layer, which second layer may be bonded to the first layer, for instance by means of roll-bonding, explosion-bonding or pressure-temperature bonding. The first material and/or the second material can comprise an alloy, e.g. an alloy that is a mixture of metals (e.g. iron and any of e.g. manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, boron, aluminium, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin, zinc, lead and zirconium) or a mixture of a metal and another element (example: an iron-carbon alloy, steel).
[0002] Further, the invention relates to an assembly of items comprising a laminated item that is butt-welded according to the process of the invention.
[0003] When welding the first or base layer, dissolution or cross-contamination of its material with the material of the second or cladding layer needs to be avoided. The same applies to dissolution or cross-contamination of the materials of the layers into the weld root deposit.
[0004] It is known to avoid contamination by controlling the depth of the root weld by means of a specific weld procedure followed by monitoring the actual weld depth after welding using non-destructive test methods such as phase-array and time-of-flight (TOFD) diffraction techniques. This process, however, is complex and time-consuming. The same is true for other butt-welding processes that include combinations of welding and grinding sequences.
[0005] According to another known approach - as disclosed in patent publication US-3.629.932 and relating to two laminated items that are butt-welded to each other, wherein both items each comprise a base layer of steel and a cladding layer of titanium - a re cess is formed by removing material at the two opposing base layer edges so that the two opposing cladding layer edges project beyond the base layer edges and each cladding layer edge forms a support for an insert. The insert is manufactured from the same base layer and cladding layer material and is fittingly inserted in the recess between the base layers. The insert is laminated in accordance with the items which are to be butt-welded, and it thus consists of a steel base layer and a titanium cladding layer. The insert is positioned with its cladding layer against the inner surface of the cladding layers of the two items, after which the base layer of the insert is root-welded to the base layers of the two items. Subsequently, two welds are made, with one weld joining the three cladding-layer portions and the other weld joining the three base-layer portions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is an object of the invention to provide a relatively simple process of buttwelding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process of butt-welding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description, which process provides reliable and consistent results.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process of butt-welding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description, by which process dissolution and/or cross-contamination of the materials of the welds, base layers and/or cladding layers is prevented as much as possible.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process of butt-welding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description in order to obtain welding zones which produce a satisfactory and effective bond throughout.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process of butt-welding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description, which process provides a bond which is free of brittle zones of inter-metallic alloys formed during heating.
It is an object of the invention to provide a process of butt-welding a laminated item of the type mentioned in the introductory part of the description, which process provides a bond which is free of brittle zones in order to avoid the formation of cracks when exposed to mechanical stresses and any resultant rupturing of the welding bond.
[0007] According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a process of buttwelding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: — placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) used in this process of butt-welding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove.
[0008] When following the process of butt-welding according to the invention, the insert will not become or form part of the weld or bond of the two items. Because of the non-fusible nature of its material at applicable welding temperatures, the insert will not melt or dissolve or leave any contaminating traces in the material of the root weld deposit. As the insert will be of a non-reactive material, it will not be affected by the weld deposit.
As such, the insert will not contribute to the mechanical strength of the bond. The insert will form a barrier between the weld groove and the root weld and the material of the cladding layer.
[0009] In other words, the material of the insert does not dissolve in the weld deposit. A technical advantage of this feature is that mixing or (cross-) contamination of weld deposit material in the material of the cladding layer and vice versa is prevented. Another technical advantage is that because the insert itself does not form a fused part of the weld it does not affect the root properties of the weld.
[0010] A further technical advantage is that the process makes it easy to hold precise bond-line tolerances. This makes tighter tolerances in comparison with prior-art processes achievable.
[0011] Yet another technical advantage is that the weld preparation will result in a smooth, flawless root weld finish between the two items. This has been shown to provide a better impact toughness of the weld joint as the root roundness is maintained throughout the welding process. The insert can also function as a spacing element between the two items.
[0012] The insert may be a non-metal insert. In particular, the insert may be a ceramic insert. A suitable metal insert is e.g. a tungsten insert or a molybdenum insert. The essential requirement of the insert material is that it has a higher melting temperature than the melting temperature of the material(s) of the items that are to be welded according to the invention and that of the weld deposit or filler material.
[0013] The material of the first layer and/or the material of the second layer may be an alloy. Any or all of the alloys of the layer(s) of the first and second items should be understood to comprise a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element, e.g. a metal-carbon alloy. An alloy within the meaning of the present invention should be understood to be a solid-state compound exhibiting metallic bonding, and with a defined stoichiometry and ordered crystal structure. An alloy should be understood to be a (solid) solution of metal elements, either as a single-phase compound, a multi-phase compound or an inter-metallic compound.
[0014] The base layer may be made of a metal-carbon alloy.
[0015] The material of the cladding layer may comprise any of the group consisting of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, copper-nickel alloys, martensitic (stainless) steels, Duplex 55, nickel-chromium alloys, and chromium alloys e.g. high-chrome white iron. Alternatively, the cladding layer may comprise nickel or titanium.
[0016] In a further development of the process of the invention, both the first and the second items are laminated, each item comprising a second, cladding layer of a material that is similar, and preferably identical, to the material of the cladding layer of the first item. A technical advantage of this feature is that full-penetration welding can be achieved at the facing edges of both layers.
[0017] In one embodiment of this process, the first and second items are similar, and preferably identical, in regard of the compositions of the materials and the thicknesses of their first and second layers.
[0018] In an alternative further development of the process of the invention, the second item does not comprise a cladding layer that is similar to or equivalent to the cladding layer of the first item, and in particular it does not comprise a cladding layer at all. The second item can be monolithic, i.e. comprise just a single layer and not comprise a second, cladding layer. In an embodiment, the base layer of the second item has a thickness which is greater than the thickness of the base layer of the first item, and preferably (almost) equal to the combined thicknesses of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item.
[0019] The process according the invention may include the step of: — shaping at least the facing edges of the two base layers of the two items for forming a recess or welding groove between the two items.
[0020] In the above-mentioned process in which both the first item and the second item are laminated, it may include the steps of: -- shaping at least the facing edges of the two cladding layers of the two items for forming a second welding groove between the two items, and butt-welding the second layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these second layers. This embodiment of the process results in a full-penetration weld.
[0021] The facing edges can be shaped with a groove face and a root face between the groove face and the recess.
[0022] In a further development of the process according to the invention, the process includes the step of: — making a first recess for fittingly accommodating at least a portion of the insert at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the facing edge of the first item, and placing the insert with at least said portion in the first recess.
[0023] The recess facilitates the positioning of the insert so that it may be easily and purposefully placed in a correct position. In addition, the recess may contribute to keeping the insert in its correct place during the actual butt-welding.
[0024] In one embodiment, the first recess is made at the transition zone and in both the base layer and the cladding layer.
[0025] These advantages can be enhanced when the process includes the step of: -- making a second recess in the second item for fittingly accommodating at least another portion of the insert in the facing edge of the second item opposite the first recess in the first item, and placing the insert with at least said another portion in the second recess.
[0026] The second recess in the facing edge of the second item may be made at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the facing edge of the second item.
[0027] Together, the recesses form a void prior to welding, which void is filled with at least a portion or preferably the whole of the insert.
[0028] At least at the start of the butt-welding step the insert may be kept in its place through a form-fit in the recess or recesses, with or without the application of pressure forces to hold the items close to each other. It may then not be required to bond or otherwise adhere the insert to the item or items as long as the position of the insert does not change significantly or, preferably, not at all during the welding step.
[0029] In the above-mentioned process in which both the first item and the second item are laminated, the facing edges of the cladding layers may be kept spaced from each other so as to form a gap until after butt-welding. The result may then be a partial-penetration weld of the two items. Here, too, the insert can function as a spacing element.
[0030] According to another embodiment, in an assembly of two items at least the first item comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a cladding layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the second material are different materials, and the second item comprises at least a base layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first item, in particular comprises a base layer of said first material, wherein the base layers of the two items have been butt-welded to each other at their edges that face one another, and wherein an insert is present at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer at the facing edge of the first item where it forms the welding groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperatures that arise during the butt-welding of the two items and the insert is not fused with any material of both items.
[0031] According to another embodiment, in an assembly of two items, at least the first item comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a cladding layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the second material are different materials, and the second item comprises at least a base layer of material that is butt-weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first item, in particular comprises a base layer of said first material, wherein the base layers of the two items have been butt-welded to each other at their edges that face one another, and wherein an insert is present of which at least a portion form-fits in a recess at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer at the facing edge of the first item where it forms the welding groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperatures that arise during the butt-welding of the two items, and the insert is not fused with any material of both items.
[0032] Both the first item and the second item may each comprise a base layer of a first material and a cladding layer of a second material. The insert may be placed in a position such that it is in contact with both the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item.
[0033] The base layer and the cladding layer of the first item and/or of the second item may bonded to each other. A technical advantage is that the welded product can be very strong mechanically.
[0033A] The process according to the invention also comprises the following embodiments as described in paragraphs [0033B], [0033C], [0033D], [0033E], [0033F] and [0033G], [0033B] A process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: — placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove, wherein the insert has a melting point that is higher than that of the first material and is higher than that of the second material and also is higher than that of the material with which the weld is made.
[0033C] A process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: — placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove, wherein the insert is a tungsten insert or a molybdenum insert.
[0033D] A process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: -- placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove, wherein the insert is a non-metal insert.
[0033E] A process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: — placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove,wherein the insert is a ceramic insert.
[0033F] A process according to an embodiment as described in either of para graphs [0033B], [0033C] and [0033D], wherein the second item is laminated and it comprises a second layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the cladding layer of the first item, further comprising the step of butt-welding the second (cladding) layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these second layers, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this butt-welding step.
[0033G] A process according to the invention as described in any of claims 1-22 and 29-31, wherein as seen in a plane of cross-section with respect to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second items, the insert has a cross-section with a curvilinear peripheral surface, in particular a circumambulating convex peripheral surface, more particular an ellipse-shaped, oval or circular cross-section.
[0033H] An assembly according to the invention also comprises the following embodiments as described in paragraphs [00331] and [0033J].
[00331] An assembly according to any of claims 23-27, wherein as seen in a plane of cross-section with respect to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second items, the insert has a cross-section with a curvilinear peripheral surface, in particular a circumambulating convex peripheral surface, more particular an ellipseshaped, oval or circular cross-section.
[0033J] An assembly according to any of claims 23-27, wherein only the first lay ers have been joined to each other and the second layers have a gap between them. This is particularly pertinent when only the first layers of the first item and the second item are butt-welded to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove according to any of the embodiments described in claims 1-8.
[0033K] It is emphasized that the invention provides the technical advantage of an increased fracture toughness. This can be attributed to a blunting effect of the non-fusible insert. Put differently, a laminated item butt-welded according to the invention provides a joint that blunts any crack tip. Furthermore, the non-fusible insert acts as a shield preventing a plate, e.g. a hard martensitic plate, on the second layer to be in contact with the weld pool on the first layer, thus decreasing the probability of the second layer softening or cracking. The blunting effect referred to above leads to an enhanced shockload-bearing capacity of the butt-welded item. The invention also provides the technical advantage of an improved low-temperature impact toughness or improved fracture resistance in comparison with sharp edges as also referred to in paragraph [0050] below.
[0034] The aspects and measures described in this description and the claims of the application and/or shown in the drawings of this application may possibly also be used individually. Said individual aspects may be the subject of divisional patent applications relating thereto. This particularly applies to the measures and aspects that are described per se in the dependent claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] The invention will be elucidated with reference to examples of processes depicted schematically in the attached drawings, in which:
Figures 1A-D depict consecutive steps in performing a first embodiment of a process according to the invention;
Figures 2A and 2B depict consecutive steps in performing a second embodiment of a process according to the invention;
Figures 3A-3B and 3C-3D depict consecutive steps in performing a third embodiment and a fourth embodiment of a process according to the invention; and
Figures 4A-4C depict illustrations evidencing the presence of a non-fused insert between two items that have been butt-welded in accordance with a process of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] In Figure 1A, two laminated plates la and lb are shown, each comprising a base layer 2a, 2b of a first metallic alloy and a cladding layer 3a, 3b of a second metallic alloy. The layers 2a and 3a and the layers 2b and 3b are metallurgically bonded to each other at an interface (transition zone). The base layers 2a, 2b comprise a lower alloy in comparison with the alloy of the cladding layers 3a, 3b.
[0037] According to the invention, the facing edges of both laminated plates la, lb are machined to make recesses, see Figure IB. At the transition zone, the edges 12a, 12b of the cladding layers 3a, 3b and the edges 14a, 14b of the base layers 2a, 2b are provided with recesses 4a, 4b that - in this example - are curvilinear. These recesses have a shape and size, in this example expressed as their circumferences, that match the shape and size, in this example expressed as the circumference, of an insert 7 of a ceramic material (or any other suitable material, for that matter) which in non-fusible at the welding temperatures required for butt-welding the plates la, lb.
[0038] In a direction facing away or pointing away from the cladding layers 3a, 3b, the edges 14a, 14b have a non-machined edge portion 5a, 5b, connecting to the recesses 4a, 5b and extending perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal direction of the plates. The edge portions 5a, 5b merge into machined bevelled groove faces 6a, 6b.
[0039] In Figure 1C, the two laminated plates la, lb are shown as placed in a position ready for butt-welding, wherein the insert 7 has been fitted into the recesses 4a, 4b. Due to the insert 7, the edges 12a, 12b remain spaced from each other leaving a gap 8 free.
The edges 5a, 5b leave a root opening 9 free and the groove faces 6a, 6b define a welding groove 10. The laminated plates la, lb are now ready for the welding process.
[0039A] In the drawings, the insert is shown to have a circular cross-section. It should be clear that the insert can be curvilinear at least in part. An insert can thus also be e.g. oval- or ellipse-shaped. It should also be clear that the weld groove itself can be curvilinear at least in part.
[0040] In Figure ID, the weld 11 is shown has having been made, with several passes done for filling the groove 10. The insert 7 is not fused and is not been affected e.g. by fusion with any of the layer materials, and it prevents mixing and contamination of weld deposit material with the material of the cladding layer and vice versa. The weld is of good quality and the cladding layer is unaffected.
[0041] In Figure 2A, the laminated plates 101a, 101b - having the same structure and materials as the plates la, lb - are also shown with a weld preparation for welding the base layers 102a, 102b and the cladding layers 103a, 103b. To this end, the outer portions of the edges 112a, 112b are bevelled to make groove faces 113a, 113b. The shapes of the edges of the base layers 102a, 102b are similar to those of the base layers 2a, 2b according to the example depicted in Figures 1A-D.
[0042] After bringing together the two plates 101a, 101b and fitting the insert 107 in the recesses 104a, 104b, both groove 110 and groove 116 are filled with weld deposits 111, 117 so as to make a full-penetration weld encompassing the ceramic insert 107 which may function as a barrier between the weld deposits and the various layers of the items.
[0043] In Figure 3A, the laminated plates 201a, 201b - having the same structure and materials as the plates la, lb or 2a, 2b - are shown without a weld preparation for welding the base layers 202a, 202b (not indicated) and the cladding layers 203a, 203b. An insert 207 is held between the plates 201a, 201b and the plates are then pressed against each other so as to clamp the insert 207 between them at the transition zone of 212a, 212b and 214a, 214b. Fig. 3B shows both groove 210 and groove 216 filled with weld deposits 211, 217 so as to make a full-penetration weld encompassing the ceramic insert 207 which functions as a barrier between the welded items.
[0044] In Figure 3C, the laminated plates 301a, 301b - having the same structure and materials as the plates 3a, 3b - are shown with an alternative weld preparation for welding the base layers 302a, 302b (not indicated) and the cladding layers 303a, 303b. To this end, the outer portions of the edges 312a, 312b are bevelled to make groove faces 313a, 313b. Then, an insert 307 is held between the plates 301a, 301b and the plates pressed against each other so as to clamp the insert 307 between them at the transition zone of 312a, 312b and 314a, 314b. When the material of the insert is harder than that of either plate, e.g. when an insert comprising titanium, tungsten or zirconium is used, then the plates will possibly yield a little at where the insert is held between them depending on the amount of pressure used to press the plates against each other. Fig. 3D shows both groove 310 and groove 316 filled with weld deposits 311, 317 so as to make a full-penetration weld encompassing the ceramic insert 307 which functions as a barrier between the welded items.
[0045] Figure 4A depicts an x-ray scan of an assembly according to Figure 4B. Figure 4A shows a section of the assembly according to Figure ID as rotated over 90 degrees in an anti-clockwise direction as compared with the depiction in Figure ID. Figure 4B depicts an assembly according to Figure ID that has been rotated over 90 degrees in an anticlockwise direction as compared with the depiction in Figure ID. Figure 4C depicts a photograph of a section of a real-life embodiment of an assembly according to Figure ID, also shown as rotated over 90 degrees in an anti-clockwise direction as compared with the depiction in Figure ID. Figures 4A-4C are shown with the interface between the two items aligned on the same horizontal line on the plane of the drawing.
[0046] Starting with Figure 4B and as seen from left to right, the items 401a, 401b are shown with their base layers 402a, 402b and cladding layers 403a, 403b and a part of the interface between the cladding layers formed by an air gap 420. In practice, the air gap is less than 0.5 mm wide. The insert 407 is shown as having a circular cross-section. Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are not drawn to the same scale. The insert in this example has a diameter of approx. 3 mm. The ellipse 422 schematically indicates a root weld. The space between the bevelled faces 412a, 412b of the items 401a, 401b are shown as filled with a number of weld passes 424.
[0047] Now with reference to Figure 4A: the dark horizontal band indicates an air gap A between the two items. This dark band A will only show up in the case of a partial-weld penetration as in this example. This dark band will not show up in the case of a full-weld penetration as the weld filling on the other side of the insert will show its diffraction pattern and obscure the dark band. The lighter horizontal band B immediately below the dark band A is the diffraction pattern of the insert 407. Finally, the band C indicates (the breadth of) the weld on the outside and across the interface between the two items.
[0048] Figure 4A shows how precise bond-line tolerances can be held. The linearity of the bond line is markedly constant, more so in comparison with that of bond lines obtained by the application of prior-art butt-welding processes.
[0049] Figure 4C depicts a short-side view of a (real-life) partial-penetration weld around a non-fusible insert. The two items are indicated as 401a, 401b. The thin horizontal line indicates the interface between the two items. The insert is indicated as 407. The weld itself is indicated as 430. There is no fusion between neighbouring atomic layers of the insert and the materials of the first and second items as evidenced by insert 407 which can readily fall out under influence of the gravitational force when the assembly is held such that the insert extends in a substantially vertical orientation.
[0050] The shape of the insert and the corresponding shape of the recesses may vary depending on the specific circumstances. Cracking in the butt-weld can be prevented from occurring through a judicious choice of the geometry of the insert and the void in which at least a portion of the insert is to be form-fitted according to the invention. There should preferably not be any sharp edges or angles in or around the weld groove. Pre ferred forms for the weld groove are curvilinear forms, e.g. circular, oval and elliptical forms as these forms improve low-temperature impact toughness or fracture resistance in comparison with sharp edges as also referred to in paragraph [0011] above.
[0051] It will be clear to the skilled person that the sequence of welding both the base layers and the cladding layers together will not matter in the case of full-weld penetration as long as both layers are welded to each other.
[0052] It may be the case that when butt-welding the base layers of two items to each other and butt-welding the cladding layers of the two items to each other, butt-welding is limited to a or the high-wear zone of the assembly of the two items.
[0053] It will also be clear to the skilled person that any suitable welding method can be applied, such as arc welding, shielded-metal arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, flux-core arc welding, gas-tungsten arc welding, submerged arc welding, plasma arc welding, percussive arc welding, resistance welding, oxyfuel gas welding, electron-beam welding, laser-beam welding, electroslag welding, inertia welding and ultrasonic welding.
[0054] The non-fused nature of the insert inside or under a weld deposit according to the invention can be identified and validated by visual inspection and by taking e.g. ultrasonic thickness measurements of the area around and including the insert.
[0055] In regard of visual inspection: depending on the accessibility and orientation of the weld, the non-fused insert will be clearly visible and the beginning or the end of a longitudinal weld connection. See Figure 4C for an example.
[0056] Radiographic inspection can provide a film record of weld quality which is easy to interpret. With reference to Figure 4A: a partial-penetration weld will show up as a sharp line x. A flawless full-penetration weld will be marked by the absence of the sharp line x.
[0057] Ultrasonic inspection, e.g. by means of phased-array diffraction, can be used to determine the approximate location and approximate depth and size of a non-fused insert in an assembly of items that are subjected to a butt-welding process according to the invention. Each (subsequent) perpendicular cross-sectional view of the weld across the length of the weld will give a (similar) fairly constant reading (which is normally classified as a weld defect). In the case of a full-penetration weld - where a reading as described for a partial-penetration weld will be classified as a welding flaw-, it will not appear as a continuous and steady flaw. Additionally, or alternatively, time-of-flight diffraction ultrasonic technique can be used to determine the approximate location and approximate depth and size of a non-fused insert in an assembly of items that are subjected to a butt-welding process according to the invention.
[0058] Destructive inspection is another possibility. A weld can be sampled by means of grinding, gouging, cutting, drilling or any other suitable means in order to inspect the root of a partial-penetration weld deposit or full-penetration weld deposit. Once opened, the presence of a non-fused insert can be clearly established. Depending on the sample size, the insert bit may fall out of the weld zone on its own, or otherwise readily be pushed out manually with the aid of pointed object.
[0059] The insert does not form an integral part of the butt-weld. It does not contribute either mechanically to the strength of the butt-weld.
[0060] The process according to the invention provides a controllable and reproducible root penetration depth with both partial-penetration welding and full-weld penetration welding of the base layer and the cladding layer.
[0061] The risk of planar flaws at the root of the welds and at the transition zone is eliminated.
[0062] Mixing and subsequent contamination of weld deposits and the base layer and the cladding layer is avoided.
[0063] With the process of the invention, a smooth flawless butt-weld root design is obtained.
[0064] Clad butt-welding and procedures are simplified by eliminating intermediate weld deposits and subsequent grinding of the intermediate weld deposit.
[0065] The present invention, which teaches the use of a non-fusible weld insert in a butt-welding process, can be applied advantageously and in general for all structures with types of clad plates that comprise a base material and a cladding material. The cladding material preferably comprises any of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels, nickel, nickel-based alloys, copper, copper-nickel alloys and titanium.
[0066] Typical fields in which the present invention can be applied advantageously include: the refinery, petrochemical and chemical industries; oil and gas production; power plants and e.g. flue-gas desulphurization plants.
[0067] Some examples of assemblies obtained by a butt-welding process according to the invention include: fractionators, vacuum towers, coke drums, process pipes, process columns, pressure vessels, reactors, washers, heat exchangers; clad flow lines, catenary riser pipes, slug catchers, line pipes and accumulator tanks.
[0068] The above description is included to illustrate the operation of some preferred embodiments of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Starting from the above explanation many variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention will be evident to a skilled person in the art.
CLAUSES 1. Process of butt-welding a first item and a second item to each other at edges of these items that face one another, wherein at least the first item is a laminated item comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, cladding layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, wherein the second item has at least a first layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first item, the process comprising the steps of: — placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second items at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature(s) to be used in this process of buttwelding, wherein the insert is placed such that it is in contact with the facing edges of the first and second items and it defines a bottom of a welding groove; and — butt-welding the first layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these first layers in the welding groove. 2. Process according to clause 1, wherein the insert is a non-metal insert. 3. Process according to any of clauses 1-2, wherein the insert is a ceramic insert. 4. Process according to any of clauses 1- 3, wherein the second item is laminated and it comprises a second layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the material of the cladding layer of the first item. 5. Process according to clause 4, wherein the first and second items are similar, and preferably identical, in regard of the compositions of the materials and the thicknesses of their first and second layers. 6. Process according to any of clauses 1-3, wherein the second item does not comprise a cladding layer that is similar to or equivalent to the cladding layer of the first item, and in particular it does not comprise a cladding layer. 7. Process according to clause 6, wherein the base layer of the second item has a thickness that is greater than the thickness of the base layer of the first item, and is preferably (almost) equal to the combined thicknesses of the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item. 8. Process according to any of the preceding clauses, including the step of: shaping at least the facing edges of the two base layers of the two items for forming a recess or welding groove between the two items. 9. Process according to clause 8, when dependent on any of clauses 4- 5, including the steps of: shaping at least the facing edges of the two cladding layers of the two items for forming a second recess or welding groove between the two items, and butt-welding the second layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these second layers. 10. Process according to any of clauses 8-9, wherein the facing edges are shaped with a groove face and a root face between the groove face and the recess. 11. Process according to any of the preceding clauses, including the step of: making a first recess for fittingly accommodating at least a portion of the insert at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the facing edge of the first item, and placing the insert with at least said portion in the first recess. 12. Process according to clause 11, wherein the first recess is made at the transition zone and in both the base layer and the cladding layer. 13. Process according to clause 11 or 12, including the step of: making a second recess in the second item for fittingly accommodating at least another portion of the insert in the facing edge of the second item opposite the first recess in the first item, and placing the insert with at least said another portion in the second recess. 14. Process according to clause 11, when dependent on either of clauses 4-5, wherein the second recess in the facing edge of the second item is made at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the facing edge of the second item. 15. Process according to any of clauses 11-14, wherein at least at the start of the buttwelding the insert is kept in its place through a form-fit in the recess or recesses. 16. Process according to any of the preceding clauses, when dependent on either of clauses 4-5, wherein the facing edges of the cladding layers are kept spaced from each other so as to form a gap until after butt-welding. 17. Process according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the base layer is made of an alloy. 18. Process according to clause 17, wherein the base layer is made of a metal-carbon alloy. 19. Process according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the cladding layer is made of an alloy. 20. Process according to clause 19, wherein the material of the cladding layer comprises any of the group consisting of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, copper-nickel alloys, martensitic (stainless) steels, Duplex 55, nickel-chromium alloys, and chromium alloys. 21. Process according to any one of the clauses 1-18, wherein the cladding layer comprises nickel or titanium. 22. Process according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insert is placed in a position such that it is in contact with both the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item. 23. Assembly of two items, wherein at least the first item comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a cladding layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the second material are different materials, and the second item comprises at least a base layer of a material that is butt-weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first item, in particular comprises a base layer of said first material, wherein the base layers of the two items have been butt-welded to each other at their edges that face one another, and wherein an insert is present at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer at the facing edge of the first item where it forms the welding groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperatures that arise during the butt-welding of the two items and the insert is not fused with any material of both items. 24. Assembly of two items, wherein at least the first item comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a cladding layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the second material are different materials, and the second item comprises at least a base layer of material that is butt-weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first item, in particular comprises a base layer of said first material, wherein the base layers of the two items have been butt-welded to each other at their edges that face one another, and wherein an insert is present of which at least a portion form-fits in a recess at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer at the facing edge of the first item where it forms the welding groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the tempera tures that arise during the butt-welding of the two items, and the insert is not fused with any material of both items. 25. Assembly according to any of clauses 23-24, wherein both the first item and the second item each comprise a base layer of a first material and a cladding layer of a second material. 26. Assembly according to any of clauses 23-25, wherein the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item and / or of the second item are bonded or otherwise adhered to each other. 27. Assembly according to any of clauses 23-26, wherein the insert lies such that it is in contact with both the base layer and the cladding layer of the first item. 28. Fractionator, vacuum tower, coke drum, process pipe, process column, pressure vessel, reactor, washer, heat exchanger; clad flow line, catenary riser pipe, slug catcher, line pipe or accumulator tank according to any of clauses 23-27. 29. Process according to clause 4, further comprising the step of butt-welding the second (cladding) layers of the first item and the second item to join the facing edges of these second layers, wherein the insert is of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature^) to be used in this butt-welding step. 30. Process according to clause 1, wherein the insert has a melting point that is higher than that of the first material and is higher than that of the second material and also is higher than that of the material with which the weld is made. 31. Process according to clause 1, wherein the insert is a tungsten insert or a molybdenum insert. 32. Process according any of clauses 1-22 and 29-31, wherein as seen in a plane of cross-section with respect to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second items, the insert has a cross-section with a curvilinear peripheral surface, in particular a circumambulating convex peripheral surface, more particular an ellipse-shaped, oval or circular cross-section. 33. Assembly according to any of clauses 23-27, wherein as seen in a plane of cross-section with respect to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second items, the insert has a cross-section with a curvilinear peripheral surface, in particular a circumambulating convex peripheral surface, more particular an ellipse-shaped, oval or circular cross-section. 34. Assembly according to any of clauses 23-27, wherein only the first layers have been joined to each other and the second layers have a gap between them.

Claims (34)

1. Werkwijze voor het stuiklassen van een eerste voorwerp en een tweede voorwerp aan elkaar aan naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van deze voorwerpen, waarbij ten minste het eerste voorwerp een gelaagd voorwerp is dat een eerste, basislaag van een eerste materiaal en een tweede, bekledingslaag van een tweede materiaal omvat, waarbij het eerste materiaal anders is dan het tweede materiaal, waarbij het tweede voorwerp ten minste een eerste laag heeft van een materiaal dat stuik-lasbaar is aan het materiaal van de eerste, basislaag van het eerste voorwerp, waarbij de werkwijze omvat de stappen van: — het plaatsen van een inzetstuk tussen de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van de eerste en tweede voorwerpen bij de overgangszone van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp, waarbij het inzetstuk van een materiaal is dat niet-smeltbaar is bij de in deze werkwijze voor het stuiklassen aan te wenden temperatuur, waarbij het inzetstuk wordt geplaatst zodanig dat het in aanraking is met de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van de eerste en tweede voorwerpen en een bodem van een lasgroef bepaalt; en -- het stuiklassen van de eerste lagen van het eerste voorwerp en het tweede voorwerp om de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van deze eerste lagen in de lasgroef te verbinden.A method of butt welding a first article and a second article together at facing edges of these articles, wherein at least the first article is a layered article comprising a first, base layer of a first material and a second, coating layer of a second material, wherein the first material is different from the second material, the second object having at least a first layer of a material that is butt weldable to the material of the first, base layer of the first object, the The method comprises the steps of: - placing an insert between the facing edges of the first and second objects at the transition zone of the base layer and the covering layer of the first object, wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature to be used for butt welding in this method, at which the insert is placed such that it is contacted g is with the edges of the first and second objects facing each other and defining a bottom of a weld groove; and butt welding the first layers of the first object and the second object to connect the facing edges of these first layers in the weld groove. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het inzetstuk een inzetstuk van een niet-metaal is.The method of claim 1, wherein the insert is a non-metal insert. 3. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 1-2, waarbij het inzetstuk een inzetstuk van keramiek is.The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the insert is a ceramic insert. 4. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 1- 3, waarbij het tweede voorwerp gelaagd is en het een tweede laag van een aan het materiaal van de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp stuik-lasbaar materiaal omvat.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second object is layered and it comprises a second layer of a material that can be welded to the material of the coating layer of the first object. 5. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 4, waarbij de eerste en tweede voorwerpen soortgelijk, en bij voorkeur identiek, aan elkaar zijn ten aanzien van de samenstellingen van de materialen en de diktes van hun eerste en tweede lagen.The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second articles are similar, and preferably identical, to each other with regard to the compositions of the materials and the thicknesses of their first and second layers. 6. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 1-3, waarbij het tweede voorwerp geen aan de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp soortgelijke of gelijkwaardige bekledings-laag omvat, in het bijzonder geen bekledingslaag omvat.A method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the second article does not comprise a coating layer similar or equivalent to the coating layer of the first article, in particular does not comprise a coating layer. 7. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 6, waarbij de basislaag van het tweede voorwerp een dikte heeft die groter is dan de dikte van de basislaag van het eerste voorwerp, en bij voorkeur althans nagenoeg gelijk is aan de gecombineerde diktes van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp.Method according to claim 6, wherein the base layer of the second object has a thickness which is greater than the thickness of the base layer of the first object, and is preferably at least substantially equal to the combined thicknesses of the base layer and the coating layer of the second object. first item. 8. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, inclusief de stap van: het vormgeven van ten minste de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van de twee basislagen van de twee voorwerpen voor het vormen van een uitsparing of lasgroef tussen de twee voorwerpen.A method according to any preceding claim, including the step of: shaping at least the facing edges of the two base layers of the two articles to form a recess or weld groove between the two articles. 9. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 8, wanneer afhankelijk van een van conclusies 4- 5, inclusief de stappen van: het vormgeven van ten minste de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van de twee bekledingslagen van de twee voorwerpen voor het vormen van een tweede uitsparing of lasgroef tussen de twee voorwerpen, en het stuiklassen van de tweede lagen van het eerste voorwerp en het tweede voorwerp om de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van deze tweede lagen te verbinden.A method according to claim 8 when, depending on any of claims 4-5, including the steps of: shaping at least the facing edges of the two cladding layers of the two articles to form a second recess or weld groove between the two articles, and butt welding the second layers of the first article and the second article to connect the facing edges of these second layers. 10. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 8-9, waarbij de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen vormgegeven zijn met een groefvlak en een grondvlak (Engels: root face) tussen het groefvlak en de uitsparing.The method according to any of claims 8-9, wherein the edges facing each other are formed with a groove surface and a base surface between the groove surface and the recess. 11. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, inclusief de stap van: het maken van een eerste uitsparing voor het passend opnemen van ten minste een gedeelte van het inzetstuk bij de overgangszone van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag van de toegekeerde rand van het eerste voorwerp, en het plaatsen van het inzetstuk met ten minste het genoemde gedeelte in de eerste uitsparing.A method according to any of the preceding claims, including the step of: making a first recess for fitting at least a portion of the insert at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the turned edge of the first object and placing the insert with at least said portion in the first recess. 12. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 11, waarbij de eerste uitsparing bij de overgangszone en in zowel de basislaag als de bekledingslaag wordt gemaakt.The method of claim 11, wherein the first recess is made at the transition zone and in both the base layer and the cladding layer. 13. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 11 of 12, inclusief de stap van: het maken van een tweede uitsparing in het tweede voorwerp voor het passend opnemen van ten minste een ander gedeelte van het inzetstuk in de toegekeerde rand van het tweede voorwerp tegenover de eerste uitsparing in het eerste voorwerp, en het plaatsen van het inzetstuk met ten minste het genoemde andere gedeelte in de tweede uitsparing.A method according to claim 11 or 12, including the step of: making a second recess in the second object for fitting at least another part of the insert in the turned edge of the second object opposite the first recess in the first article, and placing the insert with at least said other portion in the second recess. 14. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 11, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 4 of conclusie 5, waarbij de tweede uitsparing in de toegekeerde rand van het tweede voorwerp wordt gemaakt bij de overgangszone van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag van de toegekeerde rand van het tweede voorwerp.The method of claim 11, when dependent on claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the second recess in the turned edge of the second article is made at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer of the turned edge of the second article. 15. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 11-14, waarbij ten minste aan het begin van het stuiklassen het inzetstuk op zijn plaats wordt gehouden door middel van een vormpassing in de uitsparing(en).Method according to any of claims 11-14, wherein the insert is held in place at least at the start of butt welding by means of a form fit in the recess (s). 16. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 4 of conclusie 5, waarbij de toegekeerde randen van de bekledingslagen op afstand van elkaar worden gehouden ten einde een spleet te vormen tot na de stuik-lassing.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, when dependent on claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the turned edges of the coating layers are kept spaced apart to form a gap until after butt welding. 17. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de basislaag van een legering is gemaakt.The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base layer is made of an alloy. 18. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 17, waarbij de basislaag van een metaal-koolstoflegering is gemaakt.The method of claim 17, wherein the base layer is made of a metal-carbon alloy. 19. Werkwijze volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de bekledingslaag van een legering is gemaakt.The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating layer is made of an alloy. 20. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 19, waarbij het materiaal van de bekledingslaag een materiaal omvat gekozen uit de groep bestaande uit ferritisch en austentisch roestvrij-staalsoorten, legeringen op basis van nikkel, koper-nikkellegeringen, martensitisch (roestvrij)staalsoorten, Duplex 55, legereingen van nikkel-chroom, en legeringen van chroom.The method of claim 19, wherein the material of the coating layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ferritic and austentic stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, copper-nickel alloys, martensitic (stainless) steels, Duplex 55, alloys of nickel-chromium, and chromium alloys. 21. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 1-18, waarbij de bekledingslaag nikkel of titaan omvat.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the coating layer comprises nickel or titanium. 22. Werkwijze volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het inzetstuk wordt geplaatst op een zodanige positie dat het in aanraking is met zowel de basislaag als de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insert is placed in such a position that it is in contact with both the base layer and the cladding layer of the first object. 23. Samenstel van twee voorwerpen, waarbij ten minste het eerste voorwerp een basislaag van een eerste materiaal, in het bijzonder een eerste legering, en een bekledingslaag van een tweede materiaal, in het bijzonder een tweede legering, omvat, waarbij het eerste materiaal en het tweede materiaal verschillende materialen zijn, en het tweede voorwerp tenminste een basislaag van met het eerste materiaal van de basislaag van het eerste voorwerp stuik-lasbaar materiaal omvat, in het bijzonder een basislaag van het genoemde eerste materiaal omvat, waarbij de basislagen van de twee voorwerpen aan elkaar zijn stuikgelast aan hun randen die naar elkaar toe gekeerd zijn, en waarbij een inzetstuk aanwezig is bij de overgangszone van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag aan de toegekeerde rand van het eerste voorwerp waar het de lasgroef vormt, en waarbij het inzetstuk gemaakt is van een materiaal dat niet-smeltbaar is bij de temperaturen die optreden tijdens het stuiklassen van de twee voorwerpen en het inzetstuk niet versmolten is met materiaal van de beide voorwerpen.An assembly of two articles, wherein at least the first article comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a coating layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the the second material is different materials, and the second object comprises at least one base layer of material weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first object, in particular a base layer of said first material, the base layers of the two objects are welded to each other at their edges facing each other, and where an insert is present at the transition zone of the base layer and the cladding layer at the turned edge of the first object where it forms the weld groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperatures that occur during butt welding of the two articles e n the insert is not fused with material from both objects. 24. Samenstel van twee voorwerpen, waarbij ten minste het eerste voorwerp een basislaag van een eerste materiaal, in het bijzonder een eerste legering, en een bekledingslaag van een tweede materiaal, in het bijzonder een tweede legering, omvat, waarbij het eerste materiaal en het tweede materiaal verschillende materialen zijn, en het tweede voorwerp tenminste een basislaag van met het eerste materiaal van de basislaag van het eerste voorwerp stuik-lasbaar materiaal omvat, in het bijzonder een basislaag van het genoemde eerste materiaal omvat, waarbij de basislagen van de twee voorwerpen aan elkaar zijn stuikgelast aan hun randen die naar elkaar toe gekeerd zijn, en waarbij een inzetstuk aanwezig is waarvan ten minste een gedeelte qua vorm past in een uitsparing bij de overgangszone van de basislaag en de bekledingslaag aan de toegekeerde rand van het eerste voorwerp waar het de lasgroef vormt, en waarbij het inzetstuk gemaakt is van een materiaal dat niet-smeltbaar is bij de temperaturen die optreden tijdens het stuiklassen van de twee voorwerpen en het inzetstuk niet versmolten is met materiaal van de beide voorwerpen.An assembly of two articles, wherein at least the first article comprises a base layer of a first material, in particular a first alloy, and a coating layer of a second material, in particular a second alloy, wherein the first material and the the second material is different materials, and the second object comprises at least one base layer of material weldable to the first material of the base layer of the first object, in particular a base layer of said first material, the base layers of the two objects are welded to each other at their edges facing each other, and where an insert is present of which at least a part fits in shape in a recess at the transition zone of the base layer and the coating layer at the turned edge of the first object where the forming the weld groove, and wherein the insert is made of a material that is non-fusible at the temperature and which occur during butt welding of the two objects and the insert is not fused with material of the two objects. 25. Samenstel volgens een van conclusies 23-24, waarbij zowel het eerste voorwerp als het tweede voorwerp elk een basislaag van een eerste materiaal en een bekledings-laag van een tweede materiaal omvat.An assembly according to any of claims 23-24, wherein both the first article and the second article each comprise a base layer of a first material and a coating layer of a second material. 26. Samenstel volgens een van conclusies 23-25, waarbij de basislaag en de bekle-dingslaag van het eerste voorwerp en/of het tweede voorwerp met elkaar gebonden of anderszins verbonden zijn.An assembly according to any of claims 23-25, wherein the base layer and the cladding layer of the first object and / or the second object are bonded or otherwise bonded to each other. 27. Samenstel volgens één der conclusies 23-26, waarbij het inzetstuk zodanig gelegen is dat het in aanraking is met zowel de basislaag als de bekledingslaag van het eerste voorwerp.An assembly according to any one of claims 23-26, wherein the insert is positioned such that it is in contact with both the base layer and the cladding layer of the first object. 28. Fractionatie-eenheid, vacuümtoren, cokevat, procesleiding, proceskolom, drukvat, reactor, wasinrichting, warmtewisselaar, beklede leiding, catenaire stijgleiding, slakvanginrichting, leiding of accumulatiebak of -tank met een samenstel volgens een van conclusies 23-27.28. Fractionation unit, vacuum tower, coke vessel, process line, process column, pressure vessel, reactor, washing device, heat exchanger, coated line, catenary riser line, slag trap, line or accumulator bin or tank with an assembly according to any of claims 23-27. 29. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 4, voorts omvattend de stap van het stuiklassen van de tweede lagen van het eerste voorwerp en het tweede voorwerp om de naar elkaar toe gekeerde randen van deze tweede lagen te verbinden, waarbij het inzetstuk van een materiaal is dan niet-fuseerbaar is bij de bij deze stuiklasstap aan te wenden temperatuur.The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of butt welding the second layers of the first article and the second article to join the facing edges of these second layers, wherein the insert is of a material then non- can be fused at the temperature to be used for this butt welding step. 30. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het inzetstuk een smeltpunt heeft dat hoger is dan dat van het eerste materiaal en hoger is dan dat van het tweede materiaal, alsmede hoger is dan dat van het materiaal waarmee de las gemaakt wordt.The method of claim 1, wherein the insert has a melting point that is higher than that of the first material and higher than that of the second material, as well as higher than that of the material with which the weld is made. 31. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het inzetstuk een inzetstuk van wolfraam of molybdeen is.The method of claim 1, wherein the insert is a tungsten or molybdenum insert. 32. Werkwijze volgens een van conclusies 1-22 en 29-31, waarbij, beschouwd in een vlak van doorsnede dwars op de richting van uitstrekking van de naar elkaar gekeerde randen van de eerste en tweede voorwerpen, het inzetstuk een doorsnede met gekromd omtreksoppervlak heeft, in het bijzonder een omlopend convex omtreksoppervlak heeft (ronde doorsnede), meer in het bijzonder een ellipsvormige, ovale of cirkelvormige doorsnede heeft.A method according to any of claims 1-22 and 29-31, wherein, viewed in a plane of section transversely to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second articles, the insert has a section with curved peripheral surface , in particular has a circumferential convex circumferential surface (round cross-section), more particularly has an elliptical, oval or circular cross-section. 33. Samenstel volgens een van conclusies 23-27, waarbij beschouwd in een vlak van doorsnede dwars op de richting van uitstrekking van de naar elkaar gekeerde randen van de eerste en tweede voorwerpen, het inzetstuk een doorsnede met gekromd omtreksoppervlak heeft, in het bijzonder een omlopend convex omtreksoppervlak (ronder doorsnede) heeft, meer in het bijzonder een ellipsvormige, ovale of cirkelvormige doorsnede heeft.An assembly according to any of claims 23-27, wherein viewed in a plane of section transversely to the direction of extension of the facing edges of the first and second objects, the insert has a section with a curved peripheral surface, in particular a circumferential convex circumferential surface (rounder cross-section), more particularly has an elliptical, oval or circular cross-section. 34. Samenstel volgens conclusie 25, waarbij alleen de eerste lagen aan elkaar gestui-klast zijn en de tweede lagen tussen elkaar een spleet vrijlaten.An assembly according to claim 25, wherein only the first layers are stuck together and the second layers leave a gap between them.
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