NL2017041B1 - Method for providing a source of consummable and digestible water that does not dry out under heat - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for providing a bird, reptile or mammal, for its consumption, with a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions by providing an exogenous deep eutectic 5 solvent of water and two or more primary metabolites. In particular, a method for strengthening newly hatched birds during their incubation by providing the birds, for their consumption during their incubation, with the exogenous deep eutectic solvent.

Description

METHOD FOR PROVIDING A SOURCE OF CONSUMMABLE AND DIGESTIBLE WATER THAT DOES NOT DRY OUT UNDER HEAT

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for providing a bird, reptile or mammal, for its consumption and digestion, with a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions, such as during incubation of its egg. The invention also relates to the source of water itself. The invention further relates to a method for incubating newly hatched birds or reptiles, particularly birds, with the source of water. The invention still further relates to a method for strengthening newly hatched birds or reptiles, particularly, birds during their incubation with the source of water.

Background of the Invention

In raising poultry, newly laid eggs are typically incubated under hot (about 37°C) and dry conditions for up to 21 days until all the fertilized eggs have hatched. The newly hatched birds are then fed with a starter or pre-starter source of food for the birds.

Normally, most chicken eggs hatch in the period between 18 and 21 days after incubation has begun. Unfortunately, many of the birds that hatch earlier, rather than later, during the final three days of incubation, suffer subsequent growth and disease problems.. These problems arise principally because of a lack of water, as well as food, available to the birds that hatch earlier during these last three days for their consumption. Research has shown that these chicks, for their further development and resistance to diseases, would benefit from providing water and preferably also food immediately after hatching. See: "Spread of hatch and delayed feed access affect post hatch performance of female broiler chicks up to day 5" Animal (2014), 8:4, pp 610-617; and "The Effects of the Spread of Hatch and Interaction with Delayed Feed Access After Hatch on Broiler Performance Until Seven Days of Age" 2005 Poultry Science (2005) 84:1314-1320

Summary of the Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for providing a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions, such as during incubation. It is a further object to provide such a source of water. It is yet a further object to provide a method for incubating newly hatched birds or reptiles with a source of water to strengthen newly hatched birds or reptiles during the time they are residing under incubation conditions.

Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method for providing a bird, reptile or mammal, for its consumption and digestion, with a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions comprising the step of providing, to the bird, reptile or mammal, an exogenous deep eutectic solvent that comprises water and two or more primary metabolites. Advantageously, the metabolites are plant or animal metabolites which can be safely consumed by the bird, reptile or mammal, such as metabolites found naturally in the bird, reptile or mammal. More advantageously, the metabolites are selected from sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and choline derivatives. Also advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided to a newly hatched bird or reptile, especially a newly hatched bird, particularly a newly hatched chick, duckling, baby goose or baby turkey, particularly a chick, during its incubation. More advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, still more advantageously mixed, with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal. Still more advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, still more advantageously mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a source of water for consumption and digestion by a bird, reptile or mammal, undergoing prolonged heating conditions, the source comprising the foregoing exogenous deep eutectic solvent. Advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided to a newly hatched bird or reptile, especially a newly hatched chick, duckling, baby goose or baby turkey, particularly a chick, during its incubation. More advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, advantageously mixed, with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal. Still more advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, advantageously mixed, with a starter or prestarter source of food for a newly hatched bird.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for incubating newly hatched birds or reptiles, especially newly hatched chicks, ducklings, baby geese or baby turkeys, particularly chicks, comprising the step of providing the birds or reptiles, for their consumption and digestion during their incubation, with the foregoing exogenous deep eutectic solvent. Advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, more advantageously mixed, with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal, particularly with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird.

In yet a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for strengthening newly hatched birds or reptiles, especially newly hatched chicks, ducklings, baby geese or baby turkeys, particularly chicks, during their incubation, comprising the step of providing the birds or reptiles, for their consumption during their incubation, with the foregoing exogenous deep eutectic solvent. Advantageously, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, more advantageously mixed, with the deep eutectic solvent is mixed with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal, particularly with a starter or pre-starter source of food for the newly hatched birds or reptiles.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The term "deep eutectic solvent" or "DES" as used herein preferably means a mixture of water and two or more metabolites which DES can be safely consumed by a bird, reptile or mammal, undergoing prolonged heating conditions and which has a much lower vapour pressure than water and a much lower melting point than any of its components. The metabolites of a DES can generally be any plant or animal (e.g., mammal, fish, reptile, bird or insect) metabolites, i.e., compounds naturally occurring in a plant or animal cell, but can also be synthetic metabolites, provided they can be safely consumed. For certain applications, preferred metabolites of a DES will be those found naturally in a bird, reptile or mammal that is to consume the DES. Generally preferred metabolites include sugars (particularly sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-xylose, D-trehalose, raffinose and maltose), sugar alcohols (particularly glycerol, adonitol, xylitol, ribitol, 1,2-propanediol, inosiltol, meso-erythritol and D-sorbitol), amino acids (particularly betaine, betanine, proline, arginine, asparagine, betalaine, lysine, threonine, putrescine, cadaverine, glucosamine, glutamine, and alanine), organic acids (particularly lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, aconitic acid, L-tartaric acid, succinic acid, neuraminic acid, sialic acid, fumaric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid [preferably in salt form] and phytic acid [preferably in salt form]) and choline derivatives (particularly choline chloride, acetylcholine, choline citrate and choline bitartrate).

The term "bird” as used herein preferably includes males or females of any avian species but is primarily intended to encompass poultry which are commercially raised for eggs or meat. Accordingly, the term "bird" is particularly intended to encompass chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, doves, ostriches, emus, guinea fowl and pheasants.

The term "incubation" herein preferably means the process by which oviparian animals, such as birds hatch their eggs, and to the development of the embryo within the egg after leaving the adults' tract. The term "incubation period" herein preferably means the uninterrupted time during which a particular egg is subjected to conditions emulating the brooding until the hatching, i.e. emergence of the hatchlings, including any handling or transfers from e.g. an incubator to a hatchery unit.

The term "exogenous" herein preferably means introduced from or produced outside the organism or system; specifically not synthesized within the organism or system, but prepared from the components.

The term "sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and choline derivatives" herein preferably means the compounds mentioned in the following Table 1 which can be consumed and digested by a bird, reptile or mammal and can be combined with water to form a deep eutectic solvent of this invention. This term also includes the particularly preferred combinations of compounds mentioned in Table 1 (as described in "Natural deep eutectic solvents as new potential media for green technology" Analvtica Chimica Acta 766 (2013) 61-68): TABLE 1

Compounds Mole ratios

Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3

Choline chloride Lactic acid 1:1

Choline chloride Malonicacid 1:1

Choline chloride Maleic acid 1:1,2:1,

Choline chloride dl-Malic acid 1:1,1.5:1,

Choline chloride Citric acid 1:1,2:1,

Choline chloride Aconitic acid 1:1

Choline chloride l-(+)-Tartaric acid 2:1

Choline chloride Glycol 1:1,1:2

Choline chloride 1,2-Propanediol 1:1,1:1.5,1:2, 1:3

Choline chloride 1,2-Propanediol 2:1

Choline chloride Glycerol 1:1,3:2

Choline chloride meso-Erythritol 2:1

Choline chloride Xylitol 5:2

Choline chloride Adonitol 5:2

Choline chloride Ribitol 5:2

Choline chloride d-Sorbitol 3:1,5:2

Choline chloride d-Xylose 2:1,3:1

Choline chloride A-L-Rhamnose 2:1

Choline chloride d-(+)-Glucose 1:1,2:1

Choline chloride d-(+)-Glucose 5:2

Choline chloride d-(-)-Fructose 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2

Choline chloride d-(-)-Fructose 5:2

Choline chloride Sorbose 5:2,1:1

Choline chloride d-Mannose 5:2

Choline chloride d-(+)-Galactose 5:2

Choline chloride Sucrose 4:1, 1:1

Choline chloride d-(+)-Trehalose 4:1

Choline chloride Maltose 4:1

Choline chloride Raffinose 11:2

Choline chloride Proline dl-Malic acid 1:1:1

Choline chloride Xylitol dl-Malic acid 1:1:1

Choline bitartrate d-(+)-Glucose 1:1

Betaine d-(+)-Glucose 5:2

Betaine Sucrose 4:1, 1:1

Betaine Sucrose 2:1

Betaine d-(+)-Trehalose 4:1

Betaine d-Sorbitol 3:1

Betaine dl-Malic acid 1:1

Betaine l-(+)-Tartaric acid 2:1

Betaine d-Mannose 5:2

Betaine Inositol Raffinose 9:1:1

Betaine Sucrose Proline 1:1:1

Betaine Sucrose Proline 5:2:2

Betaine d-(+)-Glucose Proline 1:1:1

Betaine dl-Malic acid d-(+)-Glucose 1:1:1

Betaine dl-Malic acid Proline 1:1:1

Betaine dl-Malic acid Inositol 1:1:1

Betaine Oxalic acid d-(+)-Glucose 1:1:1

Betaine Citric acid 1:1

Lactic acid d-(+)-Glucose 5:1

Lactic acid beta-Alanine 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-Xylose 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-(+)-Glucose 1:1,1:2 dl-Malicacid Sucrose 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-(-)-Fructose 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-Mannose 1:1 dl-Malicacid Sucrose 1:1,2:1 dl-Malicacid Maltose 2:1 dl-Malicacid d-(+)-Trehalose 2:1 dl-Malicacid Lactose 2:1,1:1 dl-Malicacid Raffinose 3:1 dl-Malicacid Xylitol 1:1 dl-Malicacid Adonitol 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-Sorbitol 1:1 dl-Malicacid d-(+)-Glucose d-(-)-Fructose 1:1:1 dl-Malicacid d-(+)-glucose Glycerol 1:1:1 dl-Malicacid Sucrose Glycerol 1:1:2 dl-Malicacid 1-Proline Choline chloride 1:1:1

Citric acid d-Xylose 1:1

Citric acid d-(+)-Glucose 2:1

Citric acid d-(-)-Fructose 1:1

Citric acid Sorbose 1:1

Citric acid d-Mannose 1:1

Citric acid d-(+)-Galactose 1:1

Citric acid Sucrose 1:1

Citric acid Maltose 2:1

Citric acid d-(+)-Trehalose 2:1

Citric acid Raffinose 3:1

Citric acid d-Sorbitol 1:1

Citric acid Ribitol 1:1

Citric acid Xylitol 1:1

Citric acid Adonitol 1:1

Citric acid 1-Proline 1:1,1:2,1:3

Citric acid dl-Malic acid 1:1

Phytic acid sodium Betaine 1:6

Phytic acid sodium dl-Malic acid 1:6

Phytic acid sodium Glycerol 1:6

Phytic acid sodium 1-Proline 1:6

Phytic acid sodium d-(+)-Glucose 1:6

Phytic acid sodium Choline chloride 1:3 d/l-Proline Sucrose 2:1,3:1 d/l-Proline Sucrose 4:1,1:1a d/l-Proline d-Sorbitol 1:1 d/l-Proline d-(+)-Glucose 1:1,5:3 d/l-Proline Lactic acid 1:1 d/l-Proline dl-Malic acid 1:1 d/l-Proline Citric acid 1:1,2:1 d/l-Proline Malonicacid 1:1a d-Proline d-(+)-Glucose 5:3 1-Proline d-(+)-Glucose 5:3 1-Serine dl-Malic acid 3:2,1:1 1-Serine d-(+)-Glucose 5:4 l-Glutamic salt Sucrose 2:1 l-Glutamic salt d-(+)-Glucose 1:1 d-(+)-Glucose dl-Malic acid 1:1 d-(+)-Glucose Citric acid 1:1 d-(+)-Glucose l-(+)-Tartaric acid 1:1 d-(+)-Glucose d-(-)-Fructose Sucrose 1:1:1 d-(-)-Fructose Sucrose 1:1 beta-Alanine dl-Malic acid 3:2,1:1 beta-Alanine Citric acid 1:1

Of course, equivalents of these compounds as well as many others compounds could be formulated with water in a conventional manner into a deep eutectic solvent of this invention.

In accordance with this invention, a bird, reptile or mammal can be provided with a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions. This is done by providing the bird, reptile or mammal, for its consumption and digestion, with an exogenous deep eutectic solvent or DES that comprises water and two or more primary metabolites. Preferably, the primary metabolites are selected from sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and choline derivatives. More preferably, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, even more preferably mixed, with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal. In this regard, the DES and food for a bird, retile or mammal can be separate in different containers or separate in one container or combined as a mixture in one container. Even more preferably, the deep eutectic solvent is fed to a newly hatched bird or reptile, particularly a newly hatched chick, duckling, baby goose or baby turkey, during its incubation. In this regard, the deep eutectic solvent is preferably provided, more preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird. In this regard, any conventional chick starter or pre-starter feed can be used.

Also in accordance with this invention, a source of water can be provided for consumption and digestion by a bird, reptile or mammal, undergoing prolonged heating conditions. This is done by providing the exogenous deep eutectic solvent that comprises water and two or more primary metabolites, preferably selected from plant and animal, sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and choline derivatives. Preferably, the DES is mixed with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal. Even more preferably, the DES is provided to a newly hatched bird or reptile, particularly a newly hatched chick, duckling, baby goose or baby turkey, during its incubation. In this regard, the DES is preferably provided, more preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird, particularly a chick.

Also in accordance with this invention, newly hatched birds or reptiles, particularly birds, more particularly chicks, are incubated while being provided with the foregoing exogenous deep eutectic solvent for their consumption and digestion. Preferably, the deep eutectic solvent is provided, more preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for the newly hatched birds or reptiles.

Also in accordance with this invention, newly hatched birds or reptiles, particularly birds, more particularly chicks, are strengthened during and after their incubation by providing the birds or reptile, for their consumption, with the foregoing exogenous deep eutectic solvent. Preferably, the DES is mixed with a starter or pre-starter source of food for the newly hatched birds or reptiles.

The exogenous deep eutectic solvent can be provided to a bird, reptile or mammal in any conventional manner used to feed the bird, reptile or mammal. In this regard, the DES can be provided in liquid form or gel form (e.g., mixed with gelatine, agar or pectin). The deep eutectic solvent can also be mixed with a source of food for the bird, reptile or mammal to form a slurry or paste. Preferably, newly hatched birds, particularly chicks, are incubated while being provided in their incubation tray in a hatchery with the DES, preferably mixed with a starter or pre-starter source of food, for their consumption and digestion. Thereby, the birds will have water and preferably food available to them as soon as they hatch.

The ratio of the metabolites to each other in each deep eutectic solvent used in the different aspects of this invention is not critical and will depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the metabolites used in the DES and the intended uses of the DES. Likewise, the ratio of the water to the metabolites in the deep eutectic solvent is not critical and will depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the metabolites used in the DES and the intended uses of the DES. Likewise, the ratio of the DES to a food for a bird, reptile or mammal, with which the DES is mixed, is not critical and will depend on the physical and chemical characteristics of the DES and food and the intended uses of the mixture. In this regard, a mixture of a DES with food for a newly hatched bird, particularly a chick, preferably has a water content of at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25%, up to about 60%. To maximize the water content, the DES is preferably in the form of a gel and/or the food is in the form of pellets that do not readily dissolve in water.

The present invention also preferably relates to a storage stable food composition comprising a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions, comprising an exogenous deep eutectic solvent that comprises water and two or more primary components that can metabolized by a bird, reptile or mammal, and further comprising nutrients for the bird, reptile or mammal. The invention also preferably relates to the preparation of a source of water, or a food composition, comprising the steps of: (a) providing the components of a deep eutectic solvent, and (b) preparing an exogenous deep eutectic solvent, and (c) mixing or blending the deep eutectic solvent with nutrients, preferably a starter or pre-starter source of food, to obtain a stable composition suitable for consumption. The mixing or blending step is advantageously executed in a manner that will not affect the stability of the deep eutectic solvent mixture by removing components therefrom, and can include stabilization by gelation or encapsulation of the exogenous deep eutectic solvent. This preferably allows the physical blending of the deep eutectic solvent with solid food components or nutrients as solid or gel particles.

Claims (13)

A method of administering to a bird, a reptile, or a mammal, for its consumption, a source of water that does not dry out under prolonged heating conditions, comprising the step of administering to the bird, the reptile, or the mammal of an exogenous deep-eutectic solvent comprising water and two or more primary metabolites. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary metabolites are plant or animal metabolites that can be safely consumed by the bird, the reptile, or the mammal, particularly metabolites that are naturally found in the bird, the reptile, or the mammal. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the primary metabolites are selected from sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, and choline derivatives. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is supplied, preferably mixed, with a source of food for the bird, the reptile, or the mammal. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered to a newly hatched bird or reptile, more particularly a newly hatched bird, even more particularly a newly hatched chicken chick, turkey, duck, goose, quail, pigeon, ostrich, emu, guinea fowl or pheasant, and more particularly to a newly hatched chicken chick, duck chick, goose chick, or turkey chick, and more particularly a chicken chick. A method according to claim 5, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered, preferably mixed with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird, more particularly a newly hatched chicken chick. A source of water for consumption by a bird, a reptile, or a mammal, which is to undergo prolonged heating conditions, the source comprising an exogenous deep-eutectic solvent according to any of claims 1 to 4. Source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered to a newly hatched bird or reptile, more particularly a newly hatched bird, more particularly a newly hatched chicken chick, duck chick, goose chick, or turkey chick, and more particularly a chicken chickens, and this during the incubation. Source as claimed in claim 8, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered, preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird, in particular a newly hatched chicken chick. A method for incubating newly hatched birds or reptiles, comprising the step of administering to the birds or reptiles, prior to their consumption during the incubation, an exogenous deep-eutectic solvent according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A method according to claim 10, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered, preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird, more particularly a newly hatched chicken chick. A method for enhancing newly hatched birds or reptiles during their incubation, comprising the step of administering to the birds or reptiles, for their consumption during their incubation, an exogenous deep-eutectic solvent according to any one of claims 1 to with 3. A method according to claim 12, wherein the deep-eutectic solvent is administered, preferably mixed, with a starter or pre-starter source of food for a newly hatched bird, more particularly a newly hatched chicken chick.