NL2010598C2 - High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids. - Google Patents
High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2010598C2 NL2010598C2 NL2010598A NL2010598A NL2010598C2 NL 2010598 C2 NL2010598 C2 NL 2010598C2 NL 2010598 A NL2010598 A NL 2010598A NL 2010598 A NL2010598 A NL 2010598A NL 2010598 C2 NL2010598 C2 NL 2010598C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- pressure tube
- tube according
- intermediate layer
- wax
- outer layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012185 ceresin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012186 ozocerite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012187 peat wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010106 rotational casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/20—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. moulding inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
- B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a high pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids, such as hydrocarbons. The invention further relates to a method for preparing a high pressure pipe and to its use for the transport of fluids, preferably hydrocarbons and/or solvents.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
High pressure pipes are used for the transport of fluids such as hydrocarbons over relatively long distances. A known high pressure pipe comprises a steel shell that is on its inner side provided with a liner that protects the shell and fluid from corrosion etc. and that allows flow of the fluid in the high pressure tube without too many friction losses. Other known pipes comprise fiber composite shells with an inner liner. Such pipes however are not very reliable and may suffers from leakage and blister formation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a high pressure pipe that shows less fluid leakage and blister formation than the known pipe.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a high pressure pipe comprising a non fiber reinforced inner liner of a thermosetting material, an intermediate layer adapted to discontinue crack propagation, and an outer layer of a fiber reinforced thermosetting material, wherein the intermediate layer is bonded to the outer layer.
In another aspect of the invention, a high pressure pipe is provided wherein the thermosetting material of the inner liner is an unsaturated polyester, an epoxy, a vinyl ester, a phenolic, a polyurethane, an imide based thermoset or a cyanate ester.
Another aspect of the invention provides a high pressure pipe, wherein the non fiber reinforced inner liner has a strain to failure (ε*) of 5-15%, preferably 8-12%, most preferably about 10%.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the high pressure pipe is characterized in that the thermosetting material of the inner liner is a vinyl ester having a strain to failure (ε*) of 5-15%, preferably 8-12%, most preferably about 10%.
A further aspect of the invention relates to a high pressure pipe wherein the thermosetting material of the inner liner has a thickness of 2-10 mm, preferably of 5-10 mm.
Yet another aspect of the invention provides a high pressure pipe, wherein the thermosetting material of the inner liner is a vinyl ester having a strain to failure (ε*) of 5-15%, preferably 8-12%, most preferably about 10% and wherein the thickness of the inner liner is between 2-10 mm.
In another embodiment, a high pressure pipe is provided wherein the intermediate layer adapted to discontinue crack propagation has a Young’s modulus (E) of 3-10 GPa, preferably 3-5 GPa.
Another embodiment of the high pressure pipe according to the invention the intermediate layer adapted to discontinue crack propagation is a honeycomb material, a flexible two and a half or three dimensional woven fabric, such as a Parabeam® material, and/or an open or closed cell foam material.
Still another embodiment of the invention relates to a high pressure pipe wherein the intermediate layer adapted to discontinue crack propagation is substantially made from a thermoplastic material.
In a preferred embodiment of the high pressure pipe in accordance with the invention, the thermoplastic material is a hot melt adhesive, a wax , a polyvinylalcohol (PVA) or a combination thereof. More preferred is a high pressure pipe, wherein the hot melt adhesive is ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene acrylate, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyolefin, a styrene block copolymer or a combination thereof.
Another preferred embodiment provides a high pressure pipe, wherein the wax is a mineral wax, petroleum wax, a synthetic wax or a combination thereof, and, even more preferred, wherein the mineral wax is ceresin wax, montan wax, ozocerite wax, peat wax or a combination thereof.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a high pressure pipe is provided wherein the intermediate layer is substantially made from a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinylalcohol, and has a Young’s modulus (E) of 3-10 GPa.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, a high pressure pipe is provided wherein the thermosetting material of the outer layer is an unsaturated polyester, an epoxy, a vinyl ester, a phenolic, a polyurethane, an imide based thermoset or a cyanate ester.
Although virtually any fiber may be used in the high pressure pipe of the invention, a high pressure pipe wherein the fibers of the outer layer consist of glass, aramid, carbon or a combination thereof is preferred.
Another aspect of the invention provides a high pressure pipe wherein the fibers are continuous or have an average length exceeding 50 mm. Preferred methods for preparing a high pressure pipe according to the invention comprise filament winding and/or centrifugal casting, the former being particularly preferred when using continuous fibers, the latter being particularly preferred when using discontinuous fibers with an average length exceeding 50 mm.
In another aspect of the invention, a high pressure pipe is provided wherein the intermediate layer is bonded to the outer layer and optionally to the inner liner with an adhesive.
A particularly preferred embodiment of the high pressure pipe according to the invention is characterized in that the permeability of the intermediate layer for the fluids transported through the pipe is higher than the permeability of the inner liner for such fluid, and wherein the permeability of the outer layer for such fluids is higher than the permeability of the intermediate layer for such fluids. Such an embodiment diminishes the risk for blister formation considerably and provides an elongated life time of the high pressure pipe.
A particularly preferred method for preparing a high pressure pipe in accordance with this embodiment comprises stressing the filament wound and/or centrifugal cast pipe such that the outer layer forms microcracks and the inner layer does not. The stressing is preferably carried out after at least partial hardening of the high pressure pipe.
The invention further relates to the use of a high pressure pipe as described herein for the transport of fluids, preferably hydrocarbons and/or solvents.
A preferred use comprises transporting the fluids through the pipe at a pressure of between 10 and 200 bar, more preferably of between 40 and 125 bar, an most preferably of between 60 and 100 bar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1A - is a view in perspective of a high pressure pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
Figure IB - is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1 A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration only specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Reference numerals affixed to respective elements merely exemplify the elements by way of example, with which it is not intended to limit the respective elements. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited endpoints.
The term "about" or “approximately” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of +/-10% or less, preferably +/-5% or less, more preferably +/-1% or less, and still more preferably +/-0.1% or less of and from the specified value, insofar such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. It is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" or “approximately” refers is itself also specifically, and preferably, disclosed.
Whereas the terms “one or more” or “at least one”, such as one or more or at least one member(s) of a group of members, is clear per se, by means of further exemplification, the term encompasses inter alia a reference to any one of said members, or to any two or more of said members, such as, e.g., any >3, >4, >5, >6 or >7 etc. of said members, and up to all said members.
In the following passages, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. Any feature indicated may be combined with any other feature. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
Referring to figure 1 an embodiment of a high pressure pipe 1 in accordance with the invention is shown. The high pressure pipe 1 is suitable for use in the transport of fluids, such as hydrocarbons, solvents, but also fire brigade fluids for instance. The pipe 1 comprises a non fiber reinforced inner liner 2 of a thermosetting material. With non fiber reinforced is meant that the liner 2 contains no or a very limited amount of fibers only, preferably below 2% by volume. The thermosetting material of the inner liner 2 comprises a vinyl ester having a strain to failure (ε*) of about 10%. The inner liner 2 has a preferred thickness of between 2-10 mm, and in the present embodiment a thickness of about 5 mm.
The pipe 1 further comprises an intermediate layer 3 that acts to discontinue or stop crack propagation. The intermediate layer 3 in the embodiment shown is substantially made from a thermoplastic polyvinylalcohol, and has a Young’s modulus (E) in tension of preferably between 3-10 GPa, in the present embodiment of about 4 GPa. The relatively low modulus helps in stopping or slowing down crack propagation through the wall of the pipe 1. The intermediate layer 3 is optionally bonded to the inner liner 2 with an adhesive, but is preferably substantially non bonded thereto. Cracks may initiate before and/or during use in the inner liner 2 and/or in the outer layer 4, and the intermediate layer 3 is adapted to prevent the propagation of cracks from the inner liner 2 to the outer layer 4 and/or vice versa.
In another embodiment, the intermediate layer 3 comprises a honeycomb material, a flexible two and a half or three dimensional woven fabric, such as a Parabeam® material, and/or an open or closed cell foam material, of which a flexible two and a half or three dimensional woven fabric is preferred.
The pipe 1 further comprises an outer layer 4 of a fiber reinforced thermosetting material. Outer layer 4 is bonded to the intermediate layer 3 by the thermoplastic polyvinylalcohol of the intermediate layer 3 itself or by an additional hot melt adhesive, such as an ethylene vinyl acetate, an ethylene acrylate, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyolefin, a styrene block copolymer or a combination thereof, of which an ethylene vinyl acetate is particularly preferred. The thermosetting material of the outer layer 4 comprises in the present embodiment a polyurethane resin, but other resins such as an epoxy resin, a vinyl ester, a phenolic, an imide based thermoset or a cyanate ester may also be used.
The high pressure pipe 1 may be prepared by filament winding continuous fibers, preferably glass fibers, around a substantially cylindrical mandrel. In the embodiment shown, the fibers 6 run at angles of +/- 55° from the elongational axis of symmetry 5. Other layers of the outer layer 4 have fibers 7 running at an angle of 0° and fibers 8 running at an angle of 90° from the axis of symmetry 5.
In another embodiment (not shown), the high pressure pipe 1 is prepared by centrifugal or rotational casting a thermosetting resin against an outer mould that has been provided with a fiber mat, preferably a glass fiber mat, having fibers with an average length exceeding 50 mm.
A typical method for making the thermoset lined fiber reinforced pipes in accordance with the invention is rotational casting. In such a method, a cylindrical mould is rotated around its longitudinal axis. Depending on the mould diameter the rotational speed may vary between 500 and 2500 rpm.
In a first step, several layers of fabric are applied onto the inner mould surface. In an embodiment, the fabrics consist of one or more layers of fibers or fiber rovings. The direction of these fibers depends on the specific load case for the final pipe but can include a 0 or a 90 degree direction relative to the mould axis as well as all angles in between. Together with the fabric layers, an intermediate layer adapted to discontinue crack propagation is applied to the fiber reinforcement of the outer layer. The intermediate layer may comprise a material having a Young’s modulus (E) of 3-10 GPa, preferably 3-5 GPa. In another embodiment, it may be a honeycomb material, a flexible two and a half or three dimensional woven fabric, such as a Parabeam® material, and/or an open or closed cell foam material. In yet another embodiment, it may be substantially made from a thermoplastic material, such as a hot melt adhesive, a wax , a polyvinylalcohol (PYA) or a combination thereof. A very suitable intermediate layer is substantially made from a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinylalcohol, and has a Young’s modulus (E) of 3-10 GPa. Once the fiber layers and the intermediate layer have been uniformly applied, the mould is set into rotation at its required speed for a given pipe diameter. The required speed can easily be determined by trial and error.
In a second step a polymeric laminating resin is injected into the rotating mould. The centrifugal forces will force the resin outwards towards the inner mould surface and through the fiber layers. Subsequently air is driven out of the laminate towards the internal surface where it will escape. As soon as the resin has migrated through the fiber layers, it will contact the mould surface. In this injection step, the mould surface is usually heated although this is not essential to the invention. The resin is heated by the hot mould surface which initiates and/or accelerates the curing of the resin. Because the internal surface of the curing composite laminate is in contact with air, it is advisable to fill the mould with nitrogen or another inert gas in order to prevent oxygen inhibition, which could result in incomplete curing of the internal surface.
In a third step, a flexible non fiber reinforced thermoset resin is applied to the mould to form an inner liner, while the laminate is still curing and rotating inside the mould. Through the rotational forces the curing flexible resin will form a smooth high gloss inner liner at the inner surface of the laminate.
After curing of the laminate as well as the flexible liner resin, the mould rotation is stopped. The composite pipe can now be extracted from the mould by pushing or pulling it out of the mould.
Alternatively, a flexible thermosetting liner material can be applied inside other types of composite pipe as a separate step after making the pipe using conventional methods. Care must be taken that any release agent or other contaminant is removed before the flexible thermosetting liner material is applied. The application could be done by rotational force, or it could be sprayed inside the pipe. Spraying is less preferred since it could result in air entrapment and a less then perfect surface quality. This could compromise the anti permeation properties of the flexible inner liner.
The permeability of the intermediate layer 3 for fluids transported through the pipe, for instance hydrocarbons, solvents and/or fire brigade fluids, is higher than the permeability of the inner liner 2 for such fluid. Moreover, the permeability of the outer layer 4 for such fluids is higher than the permeability of the intermediate layer 3 for such fluids. Note that permeability is a known property of a material and may be measured in accordance with well known test methods, such as those that measure a diffusion coefficient.
A method for preparing the present embodiment having layers with different permeability values may involve selecting materials for the inner layer 2, the intermediate layer 3 and the outer layer 4 that satisfy the desired gradient in permeability values across the cross-section of the pipe 1. A particularly preferred method involves stressing the filament wound and/or centrifugal cast pipe 1 such that the outer layer 4 (and optionally the intermediate layer 3) forms microcracks, while the inner liner 2 does not substantially produce such microcracks. Stressing may involve pressurizing the formed pipe 1 by applying an internal pressure, or by applying a tensile stress in the direction of the axis of symmetry 5 for instance.
A pipe 1 according to the invention, as described in detail by the above embodiment, is advantageously used in the transport of fluids under high pressure, i.e. at a pressure of between 10 and 200 bar, more preferably of between 40 and 125 bar, an most preferably of between 60 and 100 bar. Such high pressures allow to increase the flow of fluid through pipe 1 which increases productivity. A pipe 1 in accordance with the invention does not show appreciable leakage nor blister formation over time, in particular not at the indicated high pressure ranges.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010598A NL2010598C2 (en) | 2013-04-09 | 2013-04-09 | High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010598A NL2010598C2 (en) | 2013-04-09 | 2013-04-09 | High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids. |
| NL2010598 | 2013-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2010598C2 true NL2010598C2 (en) | 2014-10-13 |
Family
ID=48808477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010598A NL2010598C2 (en) | 2013-04-09 | 2013-04-09 | High pressure pipe suitable for the transport of fluids. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2010598C2 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1629609A1 (en) * | 1966-05-18 | 1971-01-28 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Process for the production of insulated pipes and pipe parts from plastics |
| US3988412A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1976-10-26 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company | Method of making pipe having a liner layer of mixed resins |
| US4097569A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1978-06-27 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company | Modified vinyl ester resin and pipe made therefrom |
| WO2006053742A2 (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-26 | Knoch, Kern & Co. | Plastic tube |
| US20080187696A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2008-08-07 | Guntram Bock | Plastic Hollow Body, In Particular Plastic Pipe |
| WO2011124807A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-13 | Dcns | Pipe for drawing up cold water for a marine thermal energy plant |
-
2013
- 2013-04-09 NL NL2010598A patent/NL2010598C2/en active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1629609A1 (en) * | 1966-05-18 | 1971-01-28 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Process for the production of insulated pipes and pipe parts from plastics |
| US3988412A (en) * | 1973-04-12 | 1976-10-26 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company | Method of making pipe having a liner layer of mixed resins |
| US4097569A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1978-06-27 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company | Modified vinyl ester resin and pipe made therefrom |
| WO2006053742A2 (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-26 | Knoch, Kern & Co. | Plastic tube |
| US20080187696A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2008-08-07 | Guntram Bock | Plastic Hollow Body, In Particular Plastic Pipe |
| WO2011124807A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-13 | Dcns | Pipe for drawing up cold water for a marine thermal energy plant |
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