NL2009318C2

NL2009318C2 - Trenching device.

Info

Publication number: NL2009318C2
Application number: NL2009318A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Cornelis Zandwijk
Original assignee: Heerema Marine Contractors Nl
Priority date: 2012-08-13
Filing date: 2012-08-13
Publication date: 2014-02-18
Also published as: WO2014025262A1; CA2880918A1; RU2015107985A; US20150233088A1

Abstract

A trenching device (1) for forming a trench (2) in a seabed (3) to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline, said trenching device (1) comprising a base frame (6), and a trenching wheel (7) which is connected to the base frame (6) and rotatable about a trenching wheel axis (8) to form the trench (2), wherein the trenching device (1) is configured to push the trenching wheel (7) into the seabed (3) when the trenching wheel (7) is positioned on the seabed (3).

Description

P31292NLOO/JKO Title: Trenching device

The invention relates to the forming of a trench in a seabed to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline.

Shallow Arctic waters are characterized by the occurrence of ice ridges which may hit the seabed in typical water depths between 10 and 60 meters and form deep gouges into 5 the soil. Pipelines crossing such ice ridge zones must be buried deeply below the seabed to avoid damage as a result of ice ridge loading. Typical burial depths against ice ridges are 4 to 6 meters.

In other Arctic waters, icebergs may occur. Icebergs are heavier than ice ridges and may have a draft of 200 to 300 meters. Icebergs may touch the seabed in water depths as 10 deep as 200 to 300 meters and form even deeper gouges than ice ridges. Typical pipeline burial depths against ice bergs may be as deep as 5 to 8 meters.

For protection against ice ridge or iceberg loading, the trench must be backfilled after the pipeline has been laid in it.

The seabed in Arctic offshore regions frequently contain hard glacial over-15 consolidated soils with frequent occurrence of boulders. Occasionally, lenses of permafrost may occur. The hard soils may be covered by a few meters of soft Holocene soils. The surface of the seabed is very uneven as a result of gouges and berms formed in the past. Gouges may be as deep as 2 to 4 meters below the average seabed and berms as high as 2 meters above it. The gouges may be filled with loose sands and silts.

20 An additional requirement is, that the offshore installation season in the Arctic may be extremely short, i.e. as short as 1 and 2 months per year. In that limited time typical pipeline lengths of 100 to 200 kilometres must be laid, buried and backfilled before the sea freezes up again and new ice ridges are formed. It will be clear that the same situations arise in the Antarctic waters.

25 Existing trenching technologies are ploughing, excavating, jetting and suction cutting.

Each of these technologies has one or more drawbacks, such as that it is not suitable for deep trenches as required in Arctic soil condition, does not comply with requirements for environmental conditions (for example due to the forming of dust clouds in the water or removal of too much soil), or has difficulties with hard objects such as big stones, boulders, 30 or frozen soil.

It is an object to provide an improved, or at least alternative, solution for the forming of a trench in a seabed to burry an elongate pipe, such as a pipeline.

-2-

This object is achieved with a trenching device for forming a trench in a seabed to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline, said trenching device comprising a base frame, and a trenching wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a trenching wheel axis to form the trench, wherein the trenching device is configured to push 5 the trenching wheel into the seabed when the trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, a ballast is provided to push the trenching wheel into the seabed when the trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel is configured and arranged to push the soil of the seabed to the side when the trenching device is moved 10 along the seabed while the trenching wheel is pushed into the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel comprises an outer circumference.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel comprises a first side surface and an opposite second side surface, the trenching wheel is arranged such that the 15 outer circumference is pushed into the seabed and the first side surface and second side surface push the soil of the seabed to the side when the trenching device is moved along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel comprises a radius R1 which is larger than a depth D of the trench that is formed.

20 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the radius R1 is between 5 and 15 m.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the radius R1 is between 10 and 12 m.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device is configured to form a trench with a depth D between 1 and 8 m.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device is configured to form 25 a trench with a depth D of around 5 m.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel axis in use extends parallel, or substantially parallel, to the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel extends perpendicular from the base frame.

30 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel in use extends upwardly from the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the outer circumference of the trenching wheel is rounded.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the outer circumference of the trenching 35 wheel is roughened to enhance friction between said outer circumference and the seabed.

-3-

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel, in the direction of the trenching wheel axis, comprises a thickness and the thickness decreases in the direction from the trenching wheel axis to the outer circumference of the trenching wheel.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel comprises a thickness 5 t1 near the trenching wheel axis and a thickness t2 near the outer circumference of the trenching wheel, and the thickness decreases in the direction from the trenching wheel axis to the outer circumference of the trenching wheel.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel comprises a thickness t1 near the trenching wheel axis and a thickness t2 near the outer circumference of the 10 trenching wheel, and the thickness decreases in the direction from the trenching wheel axis to the outer circumference of the trenching wheel in a linear manner from t1 to t2.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, t1 is between 1,5 and 4 m and t2 is between 1 and 2 m.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast is formed, or partly formed, by 15 a fixed ballast member connected to the base frame in a fixed position.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast is formed, or partly formed, by a ballast system.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast system is configured to adjust the magnitude of the force working on the base frame.

20 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast system is configured to adjust the position of the force working on the base frame.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast system comprises a ballast tank configured to hold a fluid.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast tank comprises multiple ballast 25 compartments.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast system comprises a pump system to pump water and gas in the ballast tank.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the pump system is configured to pump water and gas in multiple ballast compartments independently from each other.

30 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the ballast is formed, or partly formed, by the mass of the trenching wheel.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, wherein the trenching wheel at the inside thereof is filled with a material to enhance the mass of the trenching wheel.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the majority of the ballast is located above 35 the trenching wheel axis.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device comprises a front side and a rear side, the trenching device is configured to be moved in the direction from the -4- rear side to the front side, the resultant force of the ballast acting on the base frame is located at a distance e beyond the trenching wheel axis when seen in the direction from the rear side to the front side.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device comprises a 5 propulsion system formed by at least one propulsion unit which is connected to the base frame to move the trenching device along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, at least one propulsion unit comprises a wheel drive to rotate the trenching wheel around the trenching wheel axis in order to move the trenching device along the seabed.

10 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the base frame comprises a connector to connect the base frame to an external propulsion system for moving the trenching device along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the base frame comprises a length direction, and at least one propulsion unit is connected to the base frame at a distance from 15 the trenching wheel in said length direction.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, at least one propulsion unit comprises an assisting wheel connected to the base frame and rotatable about an assisting wheel axis, and a further wheel drive to rotate the assisting wheel around the assisting wheel axis in order to move the trenching device along the seabed.

20 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel axis and the assisting wheel axis extend in one plane.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, at least one propulsion unit comprises a driven caterpillar track.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching wheel axis and the assisting 25 wheel axis extend parallel, or substantially parallel, to each other.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the assisting wheel axis in use extends parallel, or substantially parallel, to the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the assisting wheel comprises an outer circumference.

30 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the outer circumference of the assisting wheel is rounded.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the outer circumference of the assisting wheel is roughened to enhance friction between said outer circumference and the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the assisting wheel in the direction of the 35 assisting wheel axis comprises a thickness t3 and the thickness t3 remains constant in the direction from the assisting wheel axis to the outer circumference of the assisting wheel.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the thickness t3 equals t2.

-5- ln an embodiment of the trenching device, the thickness t3 is larger than t2 and smaller than t1.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the thickness t3 is larger than t2 and smaller than t2 + 0,5(t1-t2).

5 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the assisting wheel comprises a radius R2 which equals R1.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the base frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part which are connected to each other via a pivot connection, the trenching wheel is connected to the first frame part, and at least one propulsion unit is 10 connected to the second frame part.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the second frame part is pivotable about a frame pivot axis relative to the first frame part, and the frame axis extends perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the trenching wheel axis.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device comprises a steering 15 system configured to pivot the second frame part relative to the first frame part.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the base frame comprises a first frame side and an opposite second frame side and supports are connected to the first frame side and second frame side to hold the trenching wheel in an upwardly extending position.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the supports are constructed to be 20 positioned in contact with the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, at least one the supports is provided with at least one propulsion unit.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the height of the supports is adjustable to follow unevenness of the seabed.

25 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device comprises a further trenching wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a further trenching wheel axis to form the trench, and the trenching device is configured to push the further trenching wheel into the seabed when the further trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed.

30 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device comprises a further ballast to push the further trenching wheel into the seabed when the further trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the further trenching wheel comprises corresponding features of the trenching wheel as defined in any of the claims 3-12.

35 In an embodiment of the trenching device, the further ballast comprises corresponding features of the ballast as defined in any of the claims 13-23.

-6- ln an embodiment of the trenching device, the trenching device is configured to push the trenching wheel over a first distance D1 into the seabed and to push the further trenching wheel over a second distance D2 into the seabed.

In an embodiment of the trenching device, the distance D2 is larger than the distance 5 D1.

The invention further relates to a method of forming a trench in a seabed to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline, with a trenching device comprising a base frame, a trenching wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a trenching wheel axis to form the trench, wherein the trenching device is configured to push the trenching 10 wheel into the seabed when the trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed and said method comprises positioning the trenching wheel on the seabed, pushing the trenching wheel into the seabed, and moving the trenching device along the seabed to form the trench.

In an embodiment of the method, the trenching device comprises a ballast and the 15 method comprises pushing the trenching wheel into the seabed by the weight of the ballast.

In an embodiment of the method, the method comprises pushing the soil of the seabed to the side by moving the trenching device along the seabed while the trenching wheel is pushed into the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the trenching wheel comprises an outer 20 circumference, a first side surface and an opposite second side surface, the method comprises pushing the outer circumference into the seabed and pushing the soil of the seabed to the side with the first side surface and the second side surface by moving the trenching device is along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the trenching device comprises a front side and a 25 rear side and the method comprises moving the trenching device in the direction from the rear side to the front side.

In an embodiment of the method, the ballast is formed, or partly formed, by a ballast system configured to adjust the magnitude and/or the position of the force of the ballast working on the base frame, and the method comprises adjusting the magnitude and/or the 30 position of the force of the ballast working on the base frame to push to trenching wheel into the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the ballast system comprises a ballast tank configured to hold a fluid and the method comprises filling the ballast tank with water to increase the magnitude of the force of the ballast working on the base frame. This means 35 that the ballast tank can be partly filled or completely filled with water. The ballast tank can be filled between 0 and 100% with water, depending on the required force of the ballast.

-7-

In an embodiment of the method, wherein the method comprises filling the ballast tank with air to decrease the magnitude of the force of the ballast working on the base frame and/or to create buoyancy such that the trenching device is neutrally buoyant or floats up in the water. This means that the ballast tank can be partly filled or completely filled with gas.

5 The ballast tank can be filled between 0 and 100% with gas.

In an embodiment of the method, the trenching device comprises a propulsion system formed by at least one propulsion unit connected to the base frame and the method comprise moving the trenching device along the seabed with the propulsion system.

In an embodiment of the method, at least one propulsion unit comprises a wheel 10 drive to rotate the trenching wheel around the trenching wheel axis and the method comprises rotating the trenching wheel to move the trenching device along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the base frame comprises a length direction, and at least one propulsion unit is connected to the base frame at a distance from the trenching wheel in said length direction and the method comprises moving the trenching device along 15 seabed with the propulsion unit.

In an embodiment of the method, at least one propulsion unit comprises an assisting wheel connected to the base frame and rotatable about an assisting wheel axis and a further wheel drive to rotate the assisting wheel around the assisting wheel axis and the method comprise rotating the assisting wheel around the assisting wheel axis to move the 20 trenching device along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the base frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part which are connected to each other via a pivot connection, the trenching wheel is connected to the first frame part, at least one propulsion unit is connected to the second frame part, the trenching device comprises a steering system configured to pivot the 25 second frame part relative to the first frame part and the method comprises pivoting the second frame part relative to the first frame part to adjust the direction in which the trenching device is moved along the seabed.

In an embodiment of the method, the trenching device comprises a further trenching wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a further trenching wheel 30 axis to form the trench, and the trenching device is configured to push the further trenching wheel into the seabed when the further trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed and the method comprises pushing the trenching wheel over a first distance D1 into the seabed and pushing the further trenching wheel over a second distance D2 into the seabed, while the trenching device is moved along the seabed.

35 In an embodiment of the method, the distance D2 is larger than the distance D1.

The invention further relates to a method of forming a trench in a seabed to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline, with the trenching device according to the invention, -8- wherein said method comprises positioning the trenching wheel on the seabed, pushing the trenching wheel into the seabed, and moving the trenching device along the seabed to form the trench. In an embodiment, said method comprises the method steps defined in any of the claims 45-59.

5 The invention further relates to a use of the trenching device according to the invention to form a trench in a seabed.

Embodiments of the trenching device and the method will be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, and in which: 10 Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a first embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 2 schematically shows a view in cross section along line ll-ll of the trenching device of fig. 1,

Figure 3 schematically shows a side view of the trenching wheel of fig. 1, 15 Figure 4 schematically shows a side view a second embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 5 schematically shows a view in cross section along line V-V of the trenching device of fig. 4,

Figure 6 schematically shows a side view of the trenching wheel of fig. 4, 20 Figure 7 schematically shows a side view of a third embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 8 schematically shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 9 schematically shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of the trenching 25 device and method,

Figure 10 schematically shows a side view of a sixth embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 11 and 12schematically show a top view of a seventh embodiment of the trenching device and method, 30 Figure 13 schematically shows a side view of a eight embodiment of the trenching device and method,

Figure 14 schematically shows a view in cross section along line X-X of the trenching device of fig. 13, and

Figure 15 schematically shows a side view of a ninth embodiment of the trenching 35 device and method.

The figure 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of the trenching device and method. The trenching device 1 is forming a trench 2 in a seabed 3 to receive an elongate -9- object, such as a pipeline. The trenching device 1 comprises a base frame 6, and a trenching wheel 7 which is connected to the base frame 6 and rotatable about a trenching wheel axis 8 to form the trench 2. The trenching device 1 is configured to push the trenching wheel 7 into the seabed 3 when the trenching wheel 7 is positioned on the seabed 3.

5 A ballast 9 is provided to push the trenching wheel 7 into the seabed 3 when the trenching wheel 7 is positioned on the seabed 3.The trenching wheel 7 is configured and arranged to push the soil of the seabed 3 to the side when the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3 while the trenching wheel 7 is pushed into the seabed 3 by the ballast 9. The trenching wheel 7 comprises an outer circumference 13. The trenching wheel 7 10 comprises a first side surface 4 and an opposite second side surface 5, the trenching wheel 7 is arranged such that the ballast 9 pushes the outer circumference 13 into the seabed 3 and the first side surface 4 and second side surface 5 push the soil of the seabed 3 to the side when the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3. The trenching device 1 comprises a front side 18 and a rear side 19. The trenching device 1 is moved in the 15 direction from the rear side 19 to the front side 18, as indicated by arrow 20.

The trenching wheel 7 comprises a radius R1 which is larger than a depth D of the trench 2 that is formed. The radius R1 is around 10 m. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the radius R1 is between 5 and 15 m. The depth D of the trench 2 is around 5 m.

In other examples the trenching device 1 is configured to form a trench with a depth D 20 between 1 and 8 m.

The trenching wheel axis 8 extends parallel, or substantially parallel, to the seabed 3. The trenching wheel 7 extends perpendicular from the base frame 6. The trenching wheel 7 extends upwardly from the seabed 3.

The ballast 9 is formed by a fixed ballast member 14 connected to the base frame 6 25 in a fixed position and by a ballast system 15. The ballast system 15 is configured to adjust the magnitude and the position of the force working on the base frame 6. This means that the amount of Newton the ballast system 15 subjects to the base frame 6 can be controlled. Also the position where the force of the ballast system 15 is subjected on base frame 6 can be controlled. In other examples of the trenching device 1, only the magnitude or the 30 position of the force of the ballast system 15 working on the base frame 6 can be adjusted.

The ballast system 15 comprises a ballast tank 16 configured to hold a fluid. The ballast tank 16 can hold liquid and gas. The ballast tank 16 comprises multiple ballast compartments 34. The ballast system 15 comprises a pump system 17 to pump either water and gas in the ballast tank 16. The pump system 17 is configured to pump water and gas in 35 the multiple ballast compartments 34 independently from each other. Each ballast compartment 34 can be filled between 0 and 100% with water, independently from each other. Each ballast compartment 34 can be filled between 0 and 100% with gas, - 10- independently from each other. The ballast compartments 34 are positioned next to each other along the base frame 6. By controlling the amount of water held by the ballast tank 16, the magnitude of the force of the ballast system 15 can be adjusted. By controlling the amount of water in the different ballast compartments 34, the position where the force of the 5 ballast system 15 works on the base frame 6 can be adjusted.

In the situation shown, the majority of the ballast 9 is located beyond the trenching wheel axis 8 when seen in the direction from the rear side 19 to the front side 18. The resultant force Fr of the ballast 9 acting on the base frame 6 is located beyond the trenching wheel axis 8 when seen in the direction from the rear side 19 to the front side 18. The 10 resultant force Fr of the ballast 9 acting on the base frame 6 is located at a distance e beyond the trenching wheel axis 8 when seen in the direction from the rear side 19 to the front side 18. By adding water or gas in the different ballast compartments 34, the ballast system 15 can adjust the distance e.

The ballast 9 is located above the trenching wheel axis 8. In other examples of the 15 trenching device 1, the majority of the ballast 9 is located above the trenching wheel axis 8.

In other examples of the trenching device 1, the ballast 9 is formed, or partly formed, by the mass of the trenching wheel 7. In said situation, the trenching wheel 7 is constructed to have a large mass. The inside of the trenching wheel 7 can for example be filled with a material, such a concrete, to enhance the mass of the trenching wheel 7.

20 The trenching device 1 comprises a propulsion system formed by a propulsion unit 11 which is connected to the base frame 6 to move the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3. The propulsion unit 11 comprises a wheel drive 10 to rotate the trenching wheel 7 around the trenching wheel axis 8 in order to move the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3. The base frame 6 comprises a connector 21 to connect the base frame 6 to an external 25 propulsion system 12, such as a vessel, for moving the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3. In other examples of the trenching device 1, only a connector 21 and no propulsion system is provided. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the propulsion system comprises multiple propulsion units.

The operations of the propulsion system (formed by the propulsion unit 11) and 30 ballast system 15 (comprising the pump system 17) are controlled by a control system 45 provided on the base frame 6.

Figure 2 shows a view in cross section along line ll-ll of the trenching device 1. The trenching wheel 7 comprises an outer circumference 13. The outer circumference 13 forms a transition from the first side surface 4 and the second side surface 5. The outer 35 circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7 is rounded. The outer circumference 13 is rounded in the direction from the first side surface 4 to the second side surface 5. The rounded outer circumference 13 increases the surface area of the outer circumference 13 - 11 - and therefore enhances the friction between the outer circumference 13 and the soil of the seabed 3 when the trenching wheel 7 is driven around the trenching wheel axis 8. The outer circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7 is roughened to enhance the friction between said outer circumference 13 and the seabed 3.

5 In the direction of the trenching wheel axis 8, the trenching wheel 7 comprises a thickness and the thickness decreases in the direction from the trenching wheel axis 8 to the outer circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7. Said form of the trenching wheel 7 facilitates the forming of the trench. The trenching wheel 7 comprises a thickness t1 near the trenching wheel axis 8 and a thickness t2 near the outer circumference 13 of the trenching 10 wheel 7. The thickness decreases in the direction from the trenching wheel axis 8 to the outer circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7. The thickness decreases in a linear manner from t1 to t2. The thickness t1 is around 3 m and t2 is around 1,5 m. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the thickness decreases in a non-linear manner from t1 to t2. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the thickness t1 is between 1,5 and 4 m 15 and t2 is between 1 and 2 m. The bottom of the trench 2 has a width of at least 1 m.

The method of forming the trench 2 in the seabed 3 to receive an elongate object, such as a pipeline, with the trenching device 1 comprises positioning the trenching wheel 7 on the seabed 3, pushing the trenching wheel 7 into the seabed 3 by the weight of the ballast 9, moving the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3 to form the trench. The soil of 20 the seabed 3 is pushed to the side by moving the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3 while the trenching wheel 7 is pushed into the seabed 3 by the ballast 9. The outer circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7 is pushed into the seabed 3 by the ballast 9 and the soil of the seabed 3 is pushed to the side with the first side surface 4 and the second side surface 5 by moving the trenching device 1 is along the seabed 3. The trenching device 25 1 is moved in the direction from the rear side 19 to the front side 18. The trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3 with the propulsion system. The trenching wheel 7 is rotated to move the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3.

The magnitude and the position of the force of the ballast 9 working on the base frame 6 to push to trenching wheel 7 into the seabed 3 can be adjusted. The ballast tank 16 30 can be filled with water to increase the magnitude of the force of the ballast 9 working on the base frame 6. The ballast tank 16 can be filled between 0 and 100% with water, depending on the required force of the ballast 9. The ballast tank 16 can be filled with air to decrease the magnitude of the force of the ballast 9 working on the base frame 6. This way, the magnitude of the force can be adjusted to the hardness of the soil in which the trench 2 is 35 formed. Harder soils require a large force, whereas softer soil require a smaller force. The ballast tank 16 can be filled with air to create buoyancy such that the trenching device 1 is neutrally buoyant or floats up in the water. The ballast system 15 is configured position the - 12- trenching device 1 in a horizontal, or substantially horizontal, position when floating at the water surface or under the water surface. The ballast tank 16 can be filled between 0 and 100% with gas.

Figure 3 shows a side view of the trenching wheel 7 of fig. 1 being moved in the 5 direction 20 along the seabed 3 while being pushed into the seabed 3 by the ballast 9. Due to the form of the trenching wheel 7, only a relatively small part first side surface 4 and second side surface 5 of the trenching wheel 7 will be in contact with the soil of the seabed 3. Only the indicated friction area 37 of the trenching wheel 7 will be in contact with the soil of the seabed 3. This tends to have a positive effect on the friction of the soil of the seabed 10 3 which the trenching device 1 experiences when forming the trench.

Figure 4 shows a side view a second embodiment of the trenching device 1 and method. The trenching device 1 of fig. 4 differs from the one in fig. 1 in that it does not comprises a connector 21 and in that an additional propulsion unit 11B formed by an assisting wheel 23 is provided. In other examples of the trenching device 1, a connector 21 15 can be provided in combination with the assisting wheel 23 or a different type of additional propulsion unit 11B. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the propulsion system only comprises the driven assisting wheel 23.

The base frame 6 comprises a length direction 22, and the additional propulsion unit 11B is connected to the base frame 6 at a distance from the trenching wheel 7 in said length 20 direction 22. The additional propulsion unit 11 comprises an assisting wheel 23 connected to the base frame 6 and rotatable about an assisting wheel axis 33, and a further wheel drive 10B to rotate the assisting wheel 23 around the assisting wheel axis 33 in order to move the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3.

The trenching wheel axis 8 and the assisting wheel axis 33 extend in one plane. The 25 trenching wheel axis 8 and the assisting wheel axis 33 extend parallel to each other. The assisting wheel axis 33 extends parallel, or substantially parallel, to the seabed 3. The assisting wheel 23 extends perpendicular from the base frame 6. The assisting wheel 23 in use extends upwardly from the seabed 3.

The operations of the propulsion system (formed by the propulsion units 11 A, 11B) 30 and ballast system 15 (comprising the pump system 17) are controlled by a control system 45 provided on the base frame 6.

Figure 5 shows a view in cross section along line V-V of the trenching device 1 of fig.

4. The assisting wheel 23 comprises an outer circumference 35, a first side surface 39 and a second side surface 40. The outer circumference 35 of the assisting wheel 23 is rounded.

35 The outer circumference 35 of the assisting wheel 23 is rounded in a similar manner as the outer circumference 13 of the trenching wheel 7 is rounded. The outer circumference 35 of the assisting wheel 23 is roughened to enhance friction between said outer circumference - 13- 35 and the soil of the seabed 3. In the direction of the assisting wheel axis 33, the assisting wheel 23 comprises a thickness t3 and the thickness t3 remains constant in the direction from the assisting wheel axis 33 to the outer circumference 35 of the assisting wheel 23.

The thickness t3 is around 1,5 In other examples of the trenching device 1, the thickness t3 5 is larger than t2 and smaller than t2 + 0,5(t1-t2). The assisting wheel 23 comprises a radius R2 which equals R1. In other examples of the trenching device 1, the assisting wheel 23 comprises a radius R2 which differs from R1.

Figure 6 shows a side view of the trenching wheel 7 of fig. 4 being moved through the trench. Due to the form of the assisting wheel 23, only a relatively small part of the first 10 side surface 39 and second side surface 40 of the assisting wheel 23 will be in contact with the soil of the seabed 3. Only the indicated friction area 38 of the assisting wheel 23 will be in contact with the soil of the seabed 3.This tends to have a positive effect on the friction of the soil of the seabed 3 which the trenching device 1 experiences when forming the trench. The trenching device 1 is configured to form a trench with a length of around 10 km a day.

15 The method of forming the trench 2 in the seabed 3 comprises rotating the assisting wheel 23 around the assisting wheel axis 33 to move the trenching device 1 along the seabed 3.

Figure 7 shows a side view of a third embodiment of the trenching device and method. The trenching device 1 differs from the one shown in fig. 4, in that a further ballast 20 9B is provided at the assisting wheel 23. The further ballast 9B comprises two fixed further ballast members 14B and a further ballast system 15B. The further ballast system 15B has the same or corresponding design as the ballast system 15A. The further ballast 9B allows to enhance the grip that the assisting wheel 23 has on the soil of the seabed 3. The operations of the further ballast system 15B is also controlled by the control system 45.

25 Figure 8 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of the trenching device and method. The trenching device 1 comprises a further trenching wheel 7B which is connected to the base frame 6 and rotatable about a further trenching wheel axis 8B to form the trench 2, and the trenching device 1 is configured to push the further trenching wheel 7B into the seabed 3 when the further trenching wheel 7B is positioned on the seabed 3.

30 The trenching device 1 comprises a further ballast 9B to push the further trenching wheel 7B into the seabed 3 when the further trenching wheel 7B is positioned on the seabed

3. The further trenching wheel 7B has the same or corresponding design as the trenching wheel 7A. The further ballast system 15B has the same or corresponding design as the ballast system 15A. The trenching device 1 is configured to push the trenching wheel 7A

35 over a first distance D1 into the seabed and to push the further trenching wheel 7B over a second distance D2 into the seabed. The distance D2 is larger than the distance D1.

- 14-

The method of forming a trench comprises pushing the trenching wheel 7 A over a first distance D1 into the seabed and pushing the further trenching wheel 7B over a second distance D2 into the seabed, while the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3.

In other examples, the trenching device 1 comprises multiple trenching wheels 7 in 5 combination with one or more assisting wheels 23.

Figure 9 shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of the trenching device and method. The trenching device 1 differs from the one shown in fig. 8, in that trenching wheel axis 8A is positioned higher in the vertical direction relative to the further trenching wheel axis 8B. The trenching device is configured to adjust the position of the trenching wheel axis 10 8A in the vertical direction relative to the base frame 6. In other examples, the position of the further trenching wheel axis 8B is in the vertical direction also adjustable relative to the base frame 6. In other examples, only the position of the further trenching wheel axis 8B is in the vertical direction adjustable relative to the base frame 6.

Figure 10 shows a side view of a sixth embodiment of the trenching device and 15 method. The trenching device 1 differs from the one shown in fig. 8, in that the radius R1A of the trenching wheel 7 A is smaller than the radius R1B of the further trenching wheel 7B.

Figure 11 and 12 show a top view of a third embodiment of the trenching device 1 and method. The ballast 9 is not shown in order to obtain a clear view. The trenching device 1 can be provided with the ballast 9 shown in fig. 1.

20 The base frame 6 comprises a first frame part 25 and a second frame part 26 which are connected to each other via a pivot connection 27, the trenching wheel 7 is connected to the first frame part 25, and a propulsion unit 11B is connected to the second frame part 26. The second frame part 26 is pivotable about a frame pivot axis 28 relative to the first frame part 25, and the frame axis extends perpendicular to the trenching wheel axis 8. The 25 trenching device 1 comprises a steering system 29 configured to pivot the second frame part 26 relative to the first frame part 25. The steering system 29 is formed by two steering actuator 44 positioned at opposite sides of the pivot connection 27. Each steering actuator 44 is connected with one end to the first frame part 25 and with the other end to the second frame part 26. The length of the steering actuators can be increased or decreased. In fig. 7, 30 the first frame part 25 and second frame part 26 are positioned in line with each other. As a result of this, as straight trench 2 is formed when the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3. When the length of one of the steering actuators (for example the first steering actuator 41) is decreased and the length of the other steering actuator (in said situation the second steering actuator 42) is increased, the first and second frame part 26 will pivot 35 relative to each other as shown in fig. 8. As result of this, a curved trench 2 is formed when the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3.

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The operations of the propulsion system (formed by the propulsion units 11 A, 11B), ballast system (not shown), and steering system 29 (formed by the steering actuators 41, 42) are controlled by the control system 45 provided on the base frame 6.

The method of forming the trench 2 in the seabed 3 comprises pivoting the second 5 frame part 26 relative to the first frame part 25 to adjust the direction in which the trenching device 1 is moved along the seabed 3.

Figure 13 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of the trenching device 1 and method. Figure 14 shows a view in cross section along line X-X of the trenching device 1 of fig. 9. The base frame 6 comprises a first frame side 30 and an opposite second frame side 10 31 and supports 32 are connected to the first frame side 30 and second frame side 31 to hold the trenching wheel 7 in an upwardly extending position. The trenching device 1 has in total four supports 32. The supports 32 are constructed to be positioned in contact with the seabed 3. Each least support is provided with at least one propulsion unit 11C-F. Each of said propulsion units 11C-F comprise a driven a caterpillar track. The supports 32 comprise 15 support actuators 44. The supports actuators 44 are constructed to adjust the height H1, H2 of the supports 32. This way the supports 32 can follow unevenness of the seabed 3. The trenching device 1 is configured to cope with gouges of around 2 m in the seabed 3 and berms of around 2 m on the seabed 3. The operations of the propulsion system (formed by the propulsion units 11 A, 11B and 11C-F), ballast system 15 (comprising the pump system 20 17) and support actuators 32 are controlled by the control system 45 provided on the base frame 6.

Figure 15 schematically shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of the trenching device 1 and method. The trenching device 1 differs from the one shown in fig. 9 and 10 in that the propulsion unit 11B formed by the assisting wheel 23 is removed and replaced by a 25 propulsion unit 11B comprising a driven caterpillar track 43 connected to the base frame 6. The operations of the propulsion system (formed by the propulsion units 11 A, 11B and 11C-F), ballast system 15 (comprising the pump system 17) and support actuators 32 are controlled by the control system 45 provided on the base frame 6.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to 30 the device and method without departing from the scope as defined in the claims.

Claims

A trench-forming device for forming a trench in a seabed for receiving an elongated object, such as a pipeline, said trench-forming device comprising: - a base frame, and 5. a trench-forming wheel, which is connected to the base frame and rotatable for a trench-forming wheel axis to form the trench, the trench-forming device being adapted to push the trench-forming wheel into the seabed when the trench-forming wheel is positioned on the seabed.

A trench-forming device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a ballast for pushing the trench-forming wheel into the seabed when the trench-forming wheel is positioned on the seabed.

3. Trench-forming device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the trench-forming wheel 15 is adapted to push the seabed ground to the side when the trench-forming device is moved over the seabed while the trench-forming wheel is pushed into the seabed.

4. Trench-forming device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the trench-forming wheel comprises an outer circumference.

5. Channel-forming device according to claim 4, wherein the channel-forming wheel comprises a first side surface and an opposite second side surface, the channel-forming wheel is arranged such that the outer circumference is pushed into the seabed and the first side face and second side face the ground of the seabed towards pushing the side when the channel-forming device is moved along the seabed.

Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the channel-forming wheel comprises a radius R1 which is longer than a depth D of the formed channel. 30

A trench forming device according to claim 6, wherein the radius R1 is between 5 and 15 meters.

A channel-forming device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the channel-forming device is adapted to form a channel with a depth D between 1 and 8 meters.

A trench forming device according to any of claims 4-8, wherein the outer circumference 5 of the trench forming wheel is rounded.

A trench-forming device according to any of claims 4-9, wherein the outer circumference of the trench-forming wheel is roughened to increase the friction between said outer circumference and the seabed. 10

A trench-forming device according to any one of claims 4-10, wherein the trench-forming wheel, in the direction of the trench-forming wheel axle, comprises a thickness and the thickness decreases in the direction of the trench-forming wheel axle to the outer circumference of the trench-forming wheel. 15

A trench-forming device according to any of claims 4-11, wherein the trench-forming wheel comprises a thickness t1 near the trench-forming wheel axle and a thickness t2 near the outer circumference of the trench-forming wheel, and the thickness decreases in the direction from the trench-forming wheel axle to the outer circumference of the channel-forming wheel. 20

A trench forming device according to any one of the preceding claims and in combination with claim 2, wherein the ballast is formed, or partially formed, by a fixed ballast member which is connected to the base frame in a fixed position. 25

A trench-forming device according to any one of the preceding claims and in combination with claim 2, wherein the ballast is formed, or partially formed, by a ballast system.

A trench forming device according to claim 14, wherein the ballast system is adapted to adjust the magnitude of the force acting on the base frame.

A trench-forming device as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein the ballast system is adapted to adjust the position of the force acting on the base frame. 35

A trench-forming device as claimed in any one of claims 14-16, wherein the ballast system comprises a ballast tank adapted to hold a fluid. - 18-

A trench forming device according to any of claims 14-17, wherein the ballast system comprises a pumping system for pumping water into the ballast tank.

19. Trench forming device according to claim 18, wherein the pumping system is adapted to pump gas into the ballast tank.

A trench forming device according to any of claims 17-19, wherein the ballast tank comprises a plurality of ballast compartments.

A trench forming device according to claim 20, wherein the pumping system is adapted to pump water independently into one another in a plurality of ballast compartments.

22. Channel-forming device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the pumping system is adapted to pump gas independently of each other into a plurality of ballast compartments.

23. Trench forming device according to any of the preceding claims and in combination with claim 2, wherein the trench forming device comprises a front side and a rear side, the trench forming device is adapted to move in the direction from the rear side to the front side, the resultant force of the counterweight acting on the base frame is at a distance and beyond the trench-forming wheel axle when viewed in the direction from the rear to the front.

24. Trench-forming device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a propulsion system formed by at least one propulsion unit connected to the base frame for moving the trench-forming device along the seabed.

25. Trench forming device according to claim 24, wherein at least one propulsion unit comprises a wheel driver for rotating the trench forming wheel about the trench forming wheel axis to move the trench forming device along the sea bed.

26. Trench-forming device according to claim 24 or 25, wherein the basic frame comprises a longitudinal direction and at least one propulsion unit is connected to the basic frame at a distance from the trench-forming wheel in said longitudinal direction. - 19-

A trench-forming device according to any of claims 24-26, wherein at least one propulsion unit comprises an auxiliary wheel connected to the base frame and rotatable about an auxiliary wheel axis, and a further wheel drive to rotate the auxiliary wheel about the auxiliary wheel axis about the trench-forming device along the seabed to move. 5

A trench forming device according to any of claims 24-27, wherein at least one propulsion unit comprises a driven track.

29. Trench forming device according to any of the preceding claims, and in combination with claim 27, wherein the auxiliary wheel in the direction of the auxiliary wheel axis comprises a thickness t3 and the thickness t3 remains constant in the direction of the auxiliary wheel axis to the outer circumference of the auxiliary wheel.

The trench forming device of claim 29, wherein the thickness t3 is greater than t2 and narrower than t1.

The trench forming device of claim 29, wherein the thickness t3 is greater than t2 and less than t2 + 0.5 (t1-t2).

A trench forming device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, and in combination with claim 27, wherein the auxiliary wheel comprises a radius R2 which is equal to R1.

33. Trench-forming device according to any of claims 24-32, wherein the base frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part which are connected to each other by a pivot connection, the channel-forming wheel is connected to the first frame part and at least one propulsion unit is connected with the second frame part.

A trench-forming device as claimed in claim 33, wherein the second frame part is pivotable relative to the first frame part about a frame pivot axis and the frame pivot axis extends perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly, to the trench-forming wheel axle.

A trench forming device according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the trench forming device comprises a control system adapted to pivot the second frame part relative to the first frame part. -20-

A trench-forming device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base frame comprises a first frame side and an opposite second frame side and supports are connected to the first frame side and second frame side to hold the trench-forming wheel in an upwardly extending position. 5

A trench forming device according to claim 36, and in combination with claim 24, wherein at least one of the supports is provided with at least one propulsion unit.

A trench-forming device as claimed in claim 36 or 37, wherein the height of the supports is adjustable to follow unevenness of the seabed.

39. Trench-forming device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a further trench-forming wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a further trench-forming wheel axle for forming the trench and the trench-forming device is arranged around the further trench-forming push the wheel into the seabed when the further channel-forming wheel is positioned on the seabed.

The trench-forming device of claim 39, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a further ballast to push the further trench-forming wheel into the seabed when the further trench-forming wheel is positioned on the seabed.

41. A trench-forming device as claimed in claim 39 or 40, wherein the further trench-forming wheel comprises corresponding features of the trench-forming wheel as defined in one of claims 3-12.

A trench forming device as claimed in claim 40 or 41, wherein the further ballast comprises corresponding features of the ballast as defined in one of claims 13-23.

A trench-forming device according to any of claims 39-42, wherein the trench-forming device is adapted to push the trench-forming wheel a distance D1 into the seabed and to push the further trench-forming wheel a second distance D2 into the seabed.

The trench forming device of claim 43, wherein the distance D2 is greater than -21 - the distance D1.

45. Method for forming a trench in the seabed for receiving an elongated object such as a pipeline, with a trench forming device comprising a base frame, a trench forming wheel connected to the base frame and rotatable about a trench forming wheel axle, forming the channel, wherein the channel-forming device is adapted to push the channel-forming wheel into the seabed when the channel-forming wheel is positioned on the seabed and said method comprises: - positioning the channel-forming wheel on the seabed, 10. placing it in the pushing the seabed of the channel-forming wheel, moving the channel-forming device along the seabed to form the channel.

A method according to claim 45, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a ballast and the method comprises pushing the trench-forming wheel into the seabed by the weight of the ballast.

47. Method as claimed in claim 45 or 46, wherein the method comprises pushing the bottom of the seabed aside by moving the channel-forming device along the seabed while the channel-forming wheel is pushed into the seabed.

48. A method according to any of claims 45-47, wherein the trench-forming wheel comprises an outer circumference, a first side face and an opposite second side face and the method comprises pushing the outer circumference into the seabed and pushing the ground of the soil aside. sea bottom with the first side face and the second side face by moving the channel forming device along the sea bottom.

49. Method according to any of claims 45-48 and in combination with claim 40, wherein the ballast is formed, or partially formed, by a ballast system adapted to adjust the magnitude of the force of the ballast acting on the base frame, and the method comprises adjusting the magnitude of the force of the ballast acting on the base frame to push the trenching wheel into the seabed.

The method of claim 49, wherein the ballast system is adapted to adjust the position of the force of the ballast acting on the base system, and the method comprises adjusting the position of the force of the ballast operating on the base frame to pushing the channel-forming wheel into the seabed. -22-

A method according to claim 49 or 50, wherein the ballast system comprises a ballast tank for holding a fluid and the method comprises filling the ballast tank with water to increase the magnitude of the force of the ballast acting on the base system. 5

The method of claim 51, wherein the method comprises filling the ballast tank with air for reducing the magnitude of the force of the ballast acting on the base frame and / or for creating buoyancy so that the trench-forming device has a neutral buoyancy or floats up in the water. 10

The method of any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein the trench forming device comprises a propulsion system formed by at least one propulsion unit connected to the base frame and the method comprises moving the trench forming device along the seabed with the propulsion system. 15

The method of claim 53, wherein at least one propulsion unit comprises a wheel drive to rotate the trench-forming wheel about the trench-forming wheel axle and the method comprises rotating the trench-forming device to move the trench-forming device along the seabed. 20

A method according to claim 53 or 54, wherein the base frame comprises a longitudinal direction, and at least one propulsion unit is connected to the base frame at a distance from the trench-forming wheel in said longitudinal direction and the method of moving the trench-forming device along the seabed with the 25 propulsion unit.

56. A method according to any of claims 53-55, wherein at least one propulsion unit comprises an auxiliary wheel connected to the base frame and rotatable about an auxiliary wheel axis and a further wheel drive to rotate the auxiliary wheel about the auxiliary wheel axis and the method of rotating comprises the auxiliary wheel about the auxiliary wheel axis to move the channel-forming device along the seabed.

57. Method as claimed in any of the claims 53-56, wherein the basic frame comprises a first frame part and a second frame part which are mutually connected by a pivot connection, the channel-forming wheel is connected to the first frame part, at least one propulsion unit is connected to the second the channel-forming device comprises a control system adapted to pivot the second frame part relative to the first frame part and the method of pivoting the first frame part relative to the second frame part about the direction in which the channel-forming device is moved along the seabed moved to adjust.

The method of any one of claims 45-57, wherein the trench-forming device comprises a further trench-forming wheel which is connected to the base frame and rotatable about a further trench-forming wheel axis about the trench, and the trench-forming device is adapted to further trench-forming pushing the wheel into the seabed when the further trenching wheel is positioned on the seabed and the method comprises pushing the trenching wheel a first distance D1 into the seabed and pushing the further trenching wheel a second distance D2 into the seabed seabed, while the channel-forming device is moved along the seabed.

The method of claim 58, wherein the distance D2 is greater than D1.

A method of forming a trench in a seabed for receiving an elongated object, such as a pipeline with a growth-forming device according to any of claims 1-44; 20. positioning the channel-forming wheel on the seabed, pushing the channel-forming wheel into the seabed, and moving the channel-forming device along the seabed to form the channel.

The method of claim 60, comprising the method steps defined in any of claims 45-59.

62. Use of a trench forming device according to any of claims 1-44 for forming a trench in a seabed.