NL2001796C2 - Energy storage and production system and method using salinity gradient power generation. - Google Patents

Energy storage and production system and method using salinity gradient power generation. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2001796C2
NL2001796C2 NL2001796A NL2001796A NL2001796C2 NL 2001796 C2 NL2001796 C2 NL 2001796C2 NL 2001796 A NL2001796 A NL 2001796A NL 2001796 A NL2001796 A NL 2001796A NL 2001796 C2 NL2001796 C2 NL 2001796C2
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
energy
storage
water
reservoir
production system
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NL2001796A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Augustinus Van Leerdam
Arie Mol
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Eneco New Energy B V
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Priority to NL2001796A priority Critical patent/NL2001796C2/en
Priority to PCT/NL2009/050404 priority patent/WO2010008275A1/en
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Publication of NL2001796C2 publication Critical patent/NL2001796C2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Description

Energy storage and production system and method using salinity gradient power generation
Field of the invention 5 The present invention relates to an energy storage and production system comprising an energy storage system based on storing potential energy and a salinity gradient energy production system. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an energy storage and production method using such a system.
10 Prior art
International patent publication W02007/009196 discloses a combination of a salinity gradient power plant and a desalination plant. The salinity gradient is accomplished using sea water on the one hand and concentrated salt water from the desalination plant.
15
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide an improved combined energy storage and production system.
According to the present invention, a system according to the preamble defined 20 above is provided, in which the energy storage system comprises a high energy salt water storage and a high energy fresh water storage connected to the salinity gradient energy production system, the high energy salt water storage being in communication with a salt water reservoir, the high energy fresh water storage being in communication with a fresh water reservoir, and the salinity gradient energy production system 25 comprising an outlet system for draining off water in the salt water reservoir. This allows to combine an energy storage system (using potential energy storage in the high energy fresh and salt water storage), an energy production system and also a possibility to add controlled drainage capacity towards the salt water reservoir (e.g. flushing of fresh water from rivers/lakes to a sea).
30 In a further embodiment, the high energy salt water storage and high energy fresh water storage each comprise a reservoir with a highest water level above the salt water reservoir and fresh water reservoir, respectively.. This enables to drain water to the salt water reservoir independent of the actual sea level, i.e. independent of tidal changes in 2 sea water level. As a result, a drainage peak capacity of flushing gates in a dike or embankment may be lowered.
In a further embodiment, the energy storage system further comprises a low energy salt water storage and a first pump system connected to the low energy salt 5 water storage and the high energy salt water storage for transferring salt water, and a low energy fresh water storage and a second pump system connected to the low energy fresh water storage and the high energy fresh water storage for transferring fresh water.
The low energy salt water storage and low energy fresh water storage may each comprise a reservoir with a lowest water level below the salt water reservoir and fresh 10 water reservoir, respectively. This enables to obtain higher potential energy storage due to the increased possible height difference between the high and low energy storage. It also enables to use the present system for power generation when the pump system is suitable for operation in a generator mode using a gravity flow of water from the high energy to the low energy storage.
15 In a further embodiment, a first pump/generator is connected to the high energy fresh water storage. This pump/generator can be used for intake of water (e.g. for storage of excess electrical energy), but also allows ‘white’ energy generation. The pump/generator can be positioned between the high energy fresh water storage and the fresh water reservoir directly, or indirectly via the low energy fresh water storage.
20 Similarly, a second pump/generator may be connected to the high energy salt water storage.
In a particular advantageous embodiment, the salinity gradient energy production system comprises a system based on reverse electrodialysis (RED). Such a system may benefit in particular from the pressure build up in the high energy fresh and salt water 25 storage at the water input side of the RED based system.
In a further embodiment, the energy storage and production system comprises a drainage duct between the high energy fresh water storage and the salt water reservoir. This allows to have an additional drainage capacity towards the salt water reservoir, e.g. using a drainage duct.
30 The energy storage and production system is in a further embodiment accommodated in a separation body like a dike, dam, embankment, or barrier, which separates the fresh water reservoir and salt water reservoir. This provides the possibility to have supply of both fresh and salt water for the salinity gradient energy production 3 system. The high and/or low energy storages may be included in the separation body which is cost-effective for the building of the separation body.
In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method using an energy storage and production system according to one of the embodiments described above, 5 the method comprising determining fresh water intake and mixed water output of the salinity gradient energy production system to control water drainage to the salt water reservoir. Due to the high level in the high energy fresh water storage, the actual output (flux) of the salinity gradient energy production system may be controlled in a flexible manner, independent of tidal influences.
10 In a further embodiment, the method comprises operating the energy storage and production system using excess available energy (especially the pump system or pumps operated to transfer water to the high energy storages). Excess available energy may e.g. be locally generated wind power, which cannot be fed to the electricity grid at a particular time (e.g. due to low electrical power demand). Excess available energy may 15 also be considered using electrical power at a time of day when cost of the electrical power is low.
Short description of drawings
The present invention will be discussed in more detail below, using a number of 20 exemplary embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the energy storage and production system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 2 shows a cross sectional view of an implementation of an embodiment of the present energy storage and production system in a dike.
25
Detailed description of exemplary embodiments
In Fig.l a schematic diagram is shown of an arrangement allowing a combination of energy storage, salinity gradient energy production and also drainage or flushing of water. By the drainage excess water from e.g. rivers or lakes can be flushed to the sea 30 or other reservoir. The time that fresh water can be flushed into sea is usually limited by tidal movements of the sea water level. Only during a limited time drainage of fresh water can occur, and when global warming leads to a rise in sea level, this capacity will 4 be further reduced. To obtain a high enough drainage capacity, additional (electrical) pumps are necessary.
The energy storage and production system shown schematically in Fig. 1 comprises a fresh water reservoir 6, e.g. a lake, and a salt water reservoir 7, e.g. a sea.
5 Fresh water from the fresh water reservoir 6 is entered into a high energy fresh water storage 5, e.g. using a pump 16 and a fresh water inlet channel 15. Salt water from the salt water reservoir 7 is entered into a high energy salt water storage 3, e.g. again using a further pump 18 and a salt water inlet channel 17. The water in the high energy reservoirs 3, 5 is then fed to a salinity gradient power production facility or salinity 10 gradient energy production system 10 via respective ducts 8 and 9. Such a salinity gradient power production facility 10 operates more efficiently when the fresh and salt water at the inlet side is under pressure, which is accomplished by the water pressure in the high energy salt water storage 3 and high energy fresh water storage 5. The outflow of mixed water from the salinity gradient power production facility 10 is accomplished 15 using an outlet system 14, e.g. comprising outlet channels to the salt water reservoir 7.
The salinity gradient power production facility 10 may be any suitable power production facility which can generate electrical power from a salinity gradient in water, such as power plant based on reverse electrodialysis or pressure retarded osmosis. In this description, the terms ‘fresh’ and ‘salt’ are used as relative terms: as 20 long as a salinity gradient is present between the two input water flows, electrical energy can be generated. E.g. the two water flows may also be fresh water and brackish water, or brackish water and salt water. In the geography of The Netherlands, e.g. this may be applied near the Afsluitdijk, where fresh water can be taken from the Ijsselmeer (fresh water reservoir 6) and salt water from the Waddenzee (salt water reservoir 7).
25 An additional advantage using the above arrangement is that the outflow of mixed water using outlet system 14 provides an additional high capacity flushing or drainage possibility for draining water from fresh water reservoir 6 to salt water reservoir 7. Additional drainage capacity can be created while simultaneously generating electrical power.
30 When the high energy storages 3, 5 are arranged to have a water level above the
water level of the salt water reservoir 7, the drainage capacity can be provided without additional pumps being necessary. In a further embodiment, a drainage duct 19 is provided between the high energy fresh water storage 5 and salt water reservoir 7. A
5 drainage duct 19 is e.g. provided between duct 9 and outlet system 14, as indicated in a dotted line in Fig. 1, with an appropriate flow control device, such as a valve. In this manner an emergency bypass can be created which provides drainage capacity of fresh water to the salt water reservoir 7 independent of operation of the salinity gradient 5 power production facility 10. Furthermore, the drainage capacity is available at any time, independent from the tidal water level in the salt water reservoir 7.
The high energy salt water storage 3 and high energy fresh water storage 5 are used as a storage of potential energy, by having the water level higher than the associated fresh water reservoir 6 and salt water reservoir 7. This potential is on the one 10 hand used for the salinity gradient power production facility 10, which needs fresh and salt water input under pressure. Traditionally this pressure would be provided using pumps which require energy to operate, and in the present arrangement these pumps are no longer required. The energy needed to fill the high energy salt water storage 3 and high energy fresh water storage 5 using pumps 16, 18 can be provided using excess 15 locally generated power, e.g. from wind turbines or other electricity generators. Normally when excess power would be expected to be generated, the associated producer would be switched off, which in the case of wind energy is actually lost energy. Alternatively, the energy needed to fill the high energy storage 3, 5 is used when the actual cost of the energy (which may vary during the day) is cheapest. In this 20 manner the high energy storages 3, 5 are filled up using energy in the most efficient manner.
In an alternative embodiment, the high energy salt water storage 3 may also be filled using pressure available at an output of a pressure retarded osmosis plant (e.g. as the salinity gradient power production facility 10). The pressure retarded osmosis plant 25 uses the difference in osmotic pressure in fresh and salt water to produce energy, and a secondary use would be to use the pressure to fill the high energy salt water storage 3.
The arrangement as described above may be further enhanced (indicated by broken lines in Fig. 1) using a low energy salt water storage 2 connected to the high energy salt water storage 3 using a duct 11, and/or a low energy fresh water storage 4 30 connected to the high energy fresh water storage 5 using a further duct 12. The duct 11 and/or further duct 12 comprise a first and second pump system 1 la, 12a, respectively, e.g. with a turbine/generator which can be used to generate electrical power using the gravity flow of water from the high energy storage 3, 5 to the low energy storage 2,4.
6
Again, excess available power or low cost power can be used to power the turbines in duct 11 and/or further duct 12 and pump the water from low energy storage 2,4 to high energy storage 3, 5. The excess available power can be locally generated power or power from the electricity grid. This embodiment provides an additional manner of 5 storing excess energy and generating energy at desired times by transferring water between the high and low energy storages 2-5.
In Fig. 2 a cross sectional view is shown of an implementation of an embodiment of the present energy storage and production system in a separation body, e.g. a dike, dam, barrier or embankment, which would be suitable in several geographic locations 10 in The Netherlands. A fresh water reservoir 6 is separated from a salt water reservoir 7 by a dike, e.g. the Afsluitdijk separating the Ijsselmeer from the Waddenzee.
A fresh water reservoir 6 (lake such as Ijsselmeer) is bordered by a first dike body 20. A low energy fresh water storage 4 is bordered by the first dike body 20 and a second dike body 21, and has a bottom depth lower than that of the fresh water 15 reservoir 6, e.g. -20m. A high energy fresh water storage 5 is bordered by the second dike body 21 and a third dike body 23, and has a bottom depth which is higher than the fresh water reservoir 6. The water level in the high energy fresh water storage 5 can vary between the bottom thereof (still above a normal water level of the fresh water reservoir) and +5m or +8m. These levels can be adapted to supply the necessary 20 pressure for operation of the salinity gradient power production facility 10.
A duct 31 is provided between fresh water reservoir 6 and low energy fresh water storage 4, provided with a valve or the like. This valve may be opened to allow fresh water to flow from fresh water reservoir 6 to low energy fresh water storage 4. The duct 12 is provided between low energy fresh water storage 4 and high energy fresh water 25 storage 5, including a turbine/generator 12a (see Fig. 1). The high energy fresh water storage 5 is thus in communication with the fresh water reservoir 6 via the ducts 31, 12 and low energy fresh water storage 4.
As an alternative, a pump 16 and duct 15 may be provided similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1, to directly pump fresh water from fresh water storage 6 to high 30 energy fresh water storage 5. Furthermore, the pump 16 may in a further embodiment be suitable as generator, further allowing using the energy stored in the high energy fresh water storage 5 for generation of‘white energy’.
7 A salt water reservoir 7 (sea such as Waddenzee) is bordered by a fourth dike body 23. A low energy salt water storage 2 is bordered by the fourth dike body 23 and a fifth dike body 24, and has a bottom depth lower than that of the salt water reservoir 7 (i.e. sea level), e.g. -20m. A high energy salt water storage 3 is bordered by the fifth 5 dike body 24 and a sixth dike body 25, and has a bottom depth which is higher than the salt water reservoir 7. The water level in the high energy salt water storage 3 can reach e.g. +8m.
A further duct 32 is provided between salt water reservoir 7 and low energy salt water storage 2, provided with a valve or the like. This valve may be opened to allow 10 salt water to flow from salt water reservoir 7 to low energy salt water storage 2. The duct 11 is provided between low energy salt water storage 2 and high energy salt water storage 3, including a turbine/generator 1 la (see Fig.l). The high energy salt water storage 3 is thus in communication with the salt water reservoir 7 via the ducts 32, 11 and low energy salt water storage 2.
15 Again, as an alternative, a pump 18 and duct 17 may be provided similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1, to directly pump salt water from salt water storage 7 to high energy salt water storage 3. Furthermore, the pump 18 may in a further embodiment be suitable as generator, allowing using the energy stored in the high energy salt water storage 3 for generation of ‘white energy’.
20 In between the third dike body 22 and sixth dike body 25, the salinity gradient power production facility 10 is positioned, receiving water input from the high energy storage 3, 5 via channels 8 and 9. The outlet channel 14 is leading the mixed water output by the salinity gradient power production facility 10 to the salt water reservoir 7, thereby providing additional drainage capacity from fresh water reservoir 6 to salt 25 water reservoir 7. By controlling the water levels in the fresh and salt water storage 2-5 and the operation of the salinity gradient power production facility 10, the water flux or amount of water released into salt water reservoir 7 may be controlled. Due to the height differences, this discharge capacity can be used independent from tidal differences in the water level of the salt water reservoir 7.
30 In an even further embodiment, specific characteristics of the salinity gradient power production facility 10 may be used to eliminate one or more elements of the energy storage and production system as described above. E.g. when using a pressure retarded osmosis process, the generated pressure at the outlet of the salinity gradient 8 power production facility 10 may be used to force water into the high energy storage 3, 5, or to force water as drainage water into the salt water reservoir 7.
The embodiment as shown in Fig. 2 is one of possible implementations. E.g. the high energy and low energy storages 2-5 may be provided as reservoirs of any shape 5 (rectangular/circular) and may be positioned in different mutual orientations. Also, the implementation of the fresh water storages 4, 5 may be different from the salt water storages 2, 3. E.g. on the side of the salt water reservoir 7, the dike may comprise additional or differently shaped dike bodies, in addition to or instead of the fourth to sixth dike bodies 20-25.

Claims (12)

1. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem omvattende een energieopslagsysteem gebaseerd op het opslaan van potentiële energie; 5 een energieproductiesysteem gebaseerd op zoutheidsgradiënt (10); waarbij het energieopslagsysteem een zoutwateropslag met hoge energie (3) en een zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5) omvat die verbonden zijn met het op zoutheidsgradiënt gebaseerde energieproductiesysteem (10), de zoutwateropslag met hoge energie (3) in verbinding staat met een zoutwaterreservoir (7), 10 de zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5) in verbinding staat met een zoetwaterreservoir (6), en het op zoutheidsgradiënt gebaseerde energieproductiesysteem (10) een afvoersysteem (14) omvat voor het afvoeren van water in het zoutwaterreservoir (7)An energy storage and production system comprising an energy storage system based on the storage of potential energy; 5 an energy production system based on salinity gradient (10); wherein the energy storage system comprises a high energy salt water storage (3) and a high energy fresh water storage (5) connected to the salinity gradient energy production system (10), the high energy salt water storage (3) communicates with a salt water reservoir (7) ), The high-energy freshwater storage (5) is connected to a freshwater reservoir (6), and the salt-gradient gradient energy production system (10) comprises a drainage system (14) for draining water into the saltwater reservoir (7) 2. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de zoutwateropslag met hoge energie (3) en de zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5) elk een reservoir omvatten met een hoogste watemiveau boven het zoutwaterreservoir (7), respectievelijk het zoetwaterreservoir (6).An energy storage and production system according to claim 1, wherein the high-energy salt-water storage (3) and the high-energy fresh-water storage (5) each comprise a reservoir with a highest water level above the salt-water reservoir (7) and the fresh-water reservoir (6), respectively. 3. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij het energieopslagsysteem verder een zoutwateropslag met lage energie (2) omvat en een eerste pompsysteem (11,1 la) dat verbonden is met de zoutwateropslag met lage energie (2) en de zoutwateropslag met hoge energie (3) voor het overzetten van zout water; en een zoetwateropslag met lage energie (4) omvat en een tweede pompsysteem (12,12a) dat 25 verbonden is met de zoetwateropslag met lage energie (4) en de zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5) voor het overzetten van zoet water.An energy storage and production system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy storage system further comprises a low energy salt water storage (2) and a first pumping system (11.1 la) connected to the low energy salt water storage (2) and the salt water storage with high energy (3) for transferring salt water; and comprises a low-energy fresh-water storage (4) and a second pumping system (12, 12a) connected to the low-energy fresh-water storage (4) and the high-energy fresh-water storage (5) for transferring fresh water. 4. Energieopslag en productiesysteem volgens conclusie 3, waarbij de zoutwateropslag met lage energie (2) en de zoetwateropslag met lage energie (4) elk een reservoir omvatten 30 met een laagste watemiveau onder het zoutwaterreservoir (7), respectievelijk het zoetwaterreservoir (6). 20017964. Energy storage and production system according to claim 3, wherein the low-energy salt-water storage (2) and the low-energy fresh-water storage (4) each comprise a reservoir with a lowest water level below the salt-water reservoir (7) and the fresh-water reservoir (6), respectively. 2001796 5. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-4, waarbij de een eerste pomp/generator (12a, 16) verbonden is met de zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5)·Energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the first pump / generator (12a, 16) is connected to the fresh energy storage with high energy (5). 6. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-5, waarbij de een tweede pomp/generator (1 la, 18) verbonden is met de zoutwateropslag met hoge energie (3)·Energy storage and production system according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the second pump / generator (1a, 18) is connected to the high-energy saltwater storage (3). 7. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-6, waarbij het op 10 zoutheidsgradiënt gebaseerde energieproductiesysteem (10) een systeem omvat dat gebaseerd is op omgekeerde elektrodialyse (reverse electrodialysis, RED).An energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the salinity gradient based energy production system (10) comprises a system based on reverse electrodialysis (RED). 8. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-7, verder omvattende een afvoerkanaal (19) tussen de zoetwateropslag met hoge energie (5) en het 15 zoutwaterreservoir (7).8. Energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-7, further comprising a drain (19) between the high-energy freshwater storage (5) and the saltwater reservoir (7). 9. Energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-8, waarbij het energieopslag en -productiesysteem is ondergebracht in een scheidingslichaam (20-25) dat het zoetwaterreservoir (6) en het zoutwaterreservoir (7) scheidt. 20The energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the energy storage and production system is housed in a separating body (20-25) that separates the fresh water reservoir (6) and the salt water reservoir (7). 20 10. Energieopslag en -productiewerkwijze dat een energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-9 gebruikt, verder omvattend het bepalen van de zoetwaterinname en afvoer van gemengd water uit het op zoutheidsgradiënt gebaseerde energieproductiesysteem (10) om waterafvoer naar het 25 zoutwaterreservoir (7) te regelen.10. An energy storage and production method using an energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-9, further comprising determining the fresh water intake and discharge of mixed water from the salt gradient gradient based energy production system (10) to drain water to the salt water reservoir ( 7) arrange. 11. Energieopslag en -productiewerkwijze volgens conclusie 10, verder omvattend het bedienen van het energieopslag en -productiesysteem met gebruik van overtollig beschikbare energie. 30The energy storage and production method of claim 10, further comprising operating the energy storage and production system using surplus available energy. 30 12. Gebruik van een energieopslag en -productiesysteem volgens één van de conclusies 1-9 om water af te voeren van een zoetwaterreservoir (6) naar een zoutwaterreservoir (7) onafhankelijk van het getijdenniveau van het zoutwaterreservoir (7). 2001796Use of an energy storage and production system according to any of claims 1-9 to drain water from a freshwater reservoir (6) to a saltwater reservoir (7) independent of the tidal level of the saltwater reservoir (7). 2001796
NL2001796A 2008-07-14 2008-07-14 Energy storage and production system and method using salinity gradient power generation. NL2001796C2 (en)

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