CN102610835A - Generating set of utilizing salinity energy reverse electro dialysis - Google Patents

Generating set of utilizing salinity energy reverse electro dialysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102610835A
CN102610835A CN2012100727426A CN201210072742A CN102610835A CN 102610835 A CN102610835 A CN 102610835A CN 2012100727426 A CN2012100727426 A CN 2012100727426A CN 201210072742 A CN201210072742 A CN 201210072742A CN 102610835 A CN102610835 A CN 102610835A
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chamber
exchange membrane
fresh water
trt
salt
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杨捷
沈福龙
刘海峰
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Shanghai Maritime University
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Shanghai Maritime University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a generating set of utilizing salinity energy reverse electro dialysis, which comprises a plurality of independent saline water chambers, a plurality of independent fresh water chambers, a positive electrode chamber and a negative electrode chamber, wherein the saline water chambers and the fresh water chambers are alternately arranged; both ends of the generating set are respectively provided with the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber; each saline water chamber and each fresh water chamber are isolated through an exchange membrane; the bottom part of each saline water chamber is provided with an inlet for seawater filtered by a filter; the middle lower part of the side face of each fresh water chamber is provided with an inlet for fresh water filtered by the filter; the middle lower parts of the side faces of the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are respectively communicated with an electrode water inlet; the negative pole and the positive pole of a battery are connected with an electrical storage device through leads; and the chambers are also provided with electrode water recovery units and gas recovery units. A fresh seawater filter unit, the gas recovery units and the electrode water recovery units are additionally arranged, and thereby, the service life of the membrane is prolonged, the environmental pollution is reduced, and recycling of exhaust and drainage is enhanced.

Description

A kind of salt error that utilizes can anti-electrodialytic TRT
Technical field
The present invention relates to power field, being specifically related to a kind of salt error that utilizes can anti-electrodialytic TRT.
Background technology
Salt error is also claimed concentration difference.Salt error can just be meant between salt water and the fresh water or the water of different salt concentration between chemical differences can---chemical potential difference ability.It exists with the form of chemical energy, is the very big renewable blue marine energy of a kind of energy density.All there are abundant salt error ability in the estuary in each big river, the whole world that is degree of saltiness water intersection, and in addition, the salt lake and the underground salt mine in the abundant area of fresh water also can produce the salt error ability.Usually salinity is between 3.5% seawater and the river energy density that is equivalent to the 240m head difference to be arranged approximately.
The expert estimates that the salinity difference energy that each river region of the world can supply develop can reach 2.6TW, and China can supply the 0.1TW that has that utilizes.According to statistics, the annual extra large run-off of going into of the coastal rivers of China is about 1.7 * 10 12～1.8 * 10 12m 3, wherein the year of main rivers go into extra large run-off and be about 1.5 * 10 12～1.6 * 10 12m 3, coastal salt error can the resource reserves be about 3.9 * 10 18J, theoretical power (horse-power) is about 1.25 * 10 11W.The coastal stock number in river mouth, great river on the south wherein the entrance of Changjiang River reaches accounts for 92.5% of national total amount, and theoretical power (horse-power) is estimated as 0.86 * 10 11KW.The flow 2.2 * 10 of the Changjiang river estuary particularly 4m 3/ s can generate electricity 5.2 * 10 10W.In addition, ground such as China Qinghai Province also has many inland brine lakes to utilize.
Utilize salt error to generate electricity; Be that cross huge salinity difference that the waters had of degree of saltiness water can be used and converts effective electric energy into; Neither can destroy environment and marine ecosystems, also need not build a dam or settle turbine, more can not hinder the normal operation management of boats and ships in the riverbed.If this technology is achieved and extensive use, will produce tremendous influence to the energy policy in the whole world.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes, and environment zero discharge, zero is polluted, and contains scope wide (mouth of the river), and energy density is big, and the operating time is long.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes; The a plurality of independent salt water chamber and fresh water chamber and positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber that comprise setting; Said salt water chamber and fresh water chamber are arranged alternately, and the two ends of said TRT are respectively arranged with positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber.
(the hereinafter type one said exchange membrane of having introduced exchange membrane in detail comprises cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane through exchange membrane between said salt water chamber and the fresh water chamber.This belongs to a kind of strategy that patent is write) keep apart.
Middle and lower part, said salt solution chamber side is provided with the seawater inlet that filters through filter, and middle and lower part, said fresh water chamber side is provided with the fresh water inlet that filters through filter, and the middle and lower part, side of said positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber is communicated with the electrode water inlet.
Said exchange membrane comprises cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane.
Said TRT links to each other cation-exchange membrane through lead with cation-exchange membrane, anion-exchange membrane links to each other with anion-exchange membrane, and the anode and cathode of battery connects upward electrical storage device through lead again.
Also be provided with electrode apparatus for recovering and gas concentration unit on the said chamber.
Said anode adopts the manganese dioxide nano rod.
Through technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Owing to added brackish water filter, gas concentration unit and electrode apparatus for recovering in this patent, prolonged the life-span of film, reduce the pollution of environment and the utilization again that strengthens exhaust outlet.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a structure principle chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand and understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
A kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes; The a plurality of independent salt water chamber and fresh water chamber and positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber that comprise setting; Said salt water chamber and fresh water chamber are arranged alternately, and the two ends of said TRT are respectively arranged with positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber.
Keep apart through exchange membrane between said salt water chamber and the fresh water chamber.
Middle and lower part, said salt solution chamber side is provided with the seawater inlet that filters through filter, and middle and lower part, said fresh water chamber side is provided with the fresh water inlet that filters through filter, and the middle and lower part, side of said positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber is communicated with the electrode water inlet.
Said exchange membrane comprises cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane.
Said TRT links to each other cation-exchange membrane through lead with cation-exchange membrane, anion-exchange membrane links to each other with anion-exchange membrane, and the anode and cathode of battery connects upward electrical storage device through lead again.
Also be provided with electrode apparatus for recovering and gas concentration unit on the said chamber.
Said anode adopts the manganese dioxide nano rod.
This patent utilization be the potential difference between the seawater and freshwater of separating by charged exchange membrane.Wherein only to allow cation (mainly be Na to cation-exchange membrane C +) pass through, it (mainly is Cl that anion-exchange membrane A only allows anion -) pass through.These two kinds of exchange membranes are alternately arranged, and fill respectively between exchange membrane and the exchange membrane with seawater and fresh water; Cation permeation exchange membrane in the water flows to negative electrode, and anion sees through exchange membrane and flows to anode.
Neutral electrode water in the anode electrode chamber is kept through the oxidation reaction of anode surface, and the neutral electrode water in the cathode electrode chamber is kept through the reduction reaction of cathode surface.
Silt up with silt etc. in order to filter biology in the water, being provided with filter carries out preliminary treatment to fresh water, seawater, thereby prolongs the working life of exchange membrane, improves the operating efficiency of exchange membrane.Membrane technology is the core place of this patent.The anion and cation exchange membrane material requirements has high permeability and the high conductivity selected to corresponding ion.
The long service life of this amberplex (about 10 years) but, even and film have slightly to break also can not bring and have a strong impact on to entire cell, have a film to damage in the system that for example 300 chambers are formed, output voltage only reduces 0.3%.
After fresh water and seawater get into the exchange membrane chamber, Na +Through cation-exchange membrane, Cl -Through anion-exchange membrane, make that the salinity of seawater reduces in the exchange membrane chamber, and the salinity of fresh water increases, seawater, fresh water become the brackish water of certain salinity, and brackish water is discharged by the road.Fresh water, seawater keep arranging incessantly the film chamber with certain speed simultaneously, guarantee that the operating efficiency of exchange membrane reaches optimum.
The two ends of device are electrode chambers, oxidation reaction take place to keep the neutrality of electrode water in the anode electrode chamber, reduction reaction take place to keep the neutrality of electrode water in the cathode electrode chamber.
Electrode water is through producing Cl respectively after peroxidization, the reduction reaction in the anode electrode chamber 2(↑), H 2(↑), these two kinds of gases are recycled through retracting device.Can drain into the line correlation of going forward side by side in the electrode apparatus for recovering through discharge line after the permanent use of electrode water and handle, also can be with stylish electrode water through row injecting electrode chamber, inlet pipe road.
There is the researcher to think, produces maximum electric currents for making device, when seawater and fresh water chamber design, relation below the length of exchange membrane chamber and area need to satisfy simultaneously:
l c = k c l d k d - - - ( 1 )
A = 1 ρ AEM + ρ CEM · ( l c k c + l d k d ) - - - ( 2 )
Wherein: l c, l dWei seawater, the length of fresh water film chamber
k c, k dBe respectively the conductivity of seawater, fresh water
A is the usable floor area of seawater fresh water film chamber, the usable floor area of anion and cation exchange membrane
ρ AEM, ρ CEMBe respectively the face resistance of yin, yang amberplex
Because Na +, Cl -Motion, assembled on the anode electrode plate and contained negative ion in a large number, assembled on the cathode electrode plate and contained carbonium in a large number, with outer conductor two battery lead plates are coupled together, have very big electromotive force between two battery lead plates, will form electric current in the lead.On lead, connect an electrical storage device, can the electrical power storage that produce be got up, or directly this electric energy is applied to external loading, use electric loading like electric light, beacon or boats and ships.
The temperature of solution and the activity of rare concentrated solution in the selection transmitance of the anion and cation exchange membrane that the electromotive force size of this device is decided by to be selected for use, film potential, the test, and the activity of solution only depends on the valence state of solvent in concentration, temperature and the solution of solution.Therefore confirm the concentration and the temperature of the model of amberplex, rare concentrated solution, just can confirm the electromotive force of anti-electrodialysis cell apparatus.So the electromotive force that this device produces and the size of solution chamber are irrelevant, and be only relevant with model, solution concentration and the temperature of amberplex.
Because the effectiveness affects of this device of electrode pair is very big; For raising the efficiency; We can select the positive electrode material of manganese dioxide nano rod as battery; Because compare with other materials, the surface area of this material and sodium ion effect can be bigger, and nanometer rods makes that then sodium ion turnover electrode is more convenient.
In addition; Also can increase more anion and cation exchange membrane; And cation-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane coupled together, anion-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane couple together, thereby can connect a plurality of batteries; So not only can make device produce higher voltage, can also reduce the corrosion of electrode.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection range to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (8)

1. one kind is utilized the anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability; It is characterized in that; The a plurality of independent salt water chamber and fresh water chamber and positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber that comprise setting; Said salt water chamber and fresh water chamber are arranged alternately, and the two ends of said TRT are respectively arranged with positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber.
2. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1 is characterized in that, keeps apart through exchange membrane between said salt water chamber and the fresh water chamber.
3. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Middle and lower part, said salt solution chamber side is provided with the seawater inlet that filters through filter; Middle and lower part, said fresh water chamber side is provided with the fresh water inlet that filters through filter, and the middle and lower part, side of said positive electrode chamber and negative electrode chamber is communicated with the electrode water inlet.
4. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said TRT links to each other cation-exchange membrane through lead with cation-exchange membrane; Anion-exchange membrane links to each other with anion-exchange membrane, and the anode and cathode of battery connects upward electrical storage device through lead again.
5. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1 is characterized in that said exchange membrane comprises cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane.
6. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with electrode apparatus for recovering and gas concentration unit on the said chamber.
7. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1 is characterized in that said anode adopts the manganese dioxide nano rod.
8. a kind of anti-electrodialytic TRT of salt error ability that utilizes according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when design for seawater and fresh water chamber, and relation below the length of chamber and area need to satisfy simultaneously:
l c = k c l d k d - - - ( 1 )
A = 1 ρ AEM + ρ CEM · ( l c k c + l d k d ) - - - ( 2 )
Wherein: l c, l dBe respectively the length of seawater, fresh water film chamber;
k c, k dBe respectively the conductivity of seawater, fresh water;
A is the usable floor area of seawater fresh water film chamber, the usable floor area of anion and cation exchange membrane;
ρ AEM, ρ CEMBe respectively the face resistance of yin, yang amberplex.
CN2012100727426A 2012-03-19 2012-03-19 Generating set of utilizing salinity energy reverse electro dialysis Pending CN102610835A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106145279A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-23 北京航天环境工程有限公司 A kind of seawater treatment system
CN106877742A (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-06-20 中国海洋大学 A kind of zero-emission of integrated desalinization concentrated water and the method and device of unstable regenerative resource stable electric generation
CN109847594A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-06-07 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of asymmetric nano pore composite membrane and its preparation method and application
CN111540919A (en) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-14 宋君 New energy battery
CN112713808A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-04-27 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 Continuous salt difference power generation device and method
CN112723640A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 System and method for clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation device

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106145279A (en) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-23 北京航天环境工程有限公司 A kind of seawater treatment system
CN106877742A (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-06-20 中国海洋大学 A kind of zero-emission of integrated desalinization concentrated water and the method and device of unstable regenerative resource stable electric generation
CN109847594A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-06-07 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A kind of asymmetric nano pore composite membrane and its preparation method and application
CN111540919A (en) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-14 宋君 New energy battery
CN112723640A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-30 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 System and method for clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation device
CN112713808A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-04-27 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 Continuous salt difference power generation device and method

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Application publication date: 20120725