NL1043535B1 - The vacuum evaporator. - Google Patents

Abstract

This water reactor patent is about generating electricity. Currently, the energy required for the generation of electricity, heating of houses, industries and other energy sources is mostly generated by the use of fossil fuels and natural sources such as wind and solar energy and nuclear energy. The methods mentioned have disadvantages with regard to pollution, depletion of the earth, dangers for the environment and flooding of the sun. There is a lack of awareness of the need for a new energy source without the aforementioned drawbacks. The essential question in the design of an installation that can replace the current energy sources is where an alternative source can be found that is indifferent to the natural chemical conditions and is also harmless, inexhaustible and unrestrictedly recoverable. The solution is a method that uses natural processes that are endothermic. The evaporation of water is one such process. During the evaporation of water, energy, in the form of heat of evaporation, is extracted from the environment. When the condensation process takes place afterwards, this heat of evaporation becomes available as heat of condensation. Using the method described here, this heat of condensation can be used as an energy source, since the evaporation and condensation of one liter of water yields 0.61 KW of energy in heat. The process of evaporation and condensation takes place in a reactor that isolates this physical process from the outside air, so that there is no loss of the water that is used. This allows this endothermic process to be repeated with the same water over and over in an endless cycle because it is impossible to "use up" the evaporation mechanism. It's just always there, always. Just as tenacious as the sun that rises again and again and that can be used again and again, when it shines. The used evaporation and condensation heat is available again after each condensation cycle. The method of the water reactor has made it possible to use water as a fuel that does not run out. An additional aspect of the water reactor is that no special requirements need be imposed on the location where such a reactor is placed, since the evaporation of water need not be regarded as dangerous.

Description

The vacuum evaporator, {1} General description, This octrogi is about a method to both! to generate heat as cold without using raw materials such as gas, oil and coal or natural sources such as wind or sun. Using the proposed method, it is then possible, inter alia, to provide a house or other type of hewn with the desired heating or air conditioning. A fire that does not require any minerals, is indifferent to the natural climatic conditions and is also harmless, inexhaustible and unrestrictedly extractable.

The essential question is where an alternative source can be found that is indifferent to the natural climate conditions and is also harmless, inexhaustible and unrestrictedly extractable. The answer is a method that uses natural processes that are endothermic as they occur in the evaporation of liquids and gases. In particular, the evaporation of water is an attractive endothermic process, given the exceptional amount of heat of evaporation required to evaporate while the the same amount of heat can be recovered as condensation heat.

Evaporation is a Zen surface process. The water molecules on the surface evaporate and extract the necessary heat of evaporation from the underlying water molecules. These extract the heat from the underlying mass on their barrels. In the process described here, this mass is a water reservoir which cools down as a result.

However, as long as the water present in this reservoir does not cool down to the point where it freezes, the heat of evaporation continues to give up to the evaporation process. The ability to constantly add spent heat from the outside air is the core of the vacuum evaporator.

The principle of its operation is as follows. The water in the water reservoir gives off heat of evaporation until the water in it has a temperature of (for example) 5 degrees Celsius. However, the outside air is usually 12 degrees. It is therefore possible to provide the cooled water reservoir with heat again by extracting the heat from the outside air and adding it to the water reservoir. The recovery of the heat from the outside air in order to recover the spent evaporation heat is made possible in the heating unit. The vacuum reactor described in this patent is an installation that allows the heat cycle, consisting of the evaporation and condensation process, in a controllable manner. The most important technical innovation here is that the necessary evaporation heat is obtained from the ambient air with the aid of a heat unit. This unit is the connection between the closed vacuum reactor and the outside air. The vacuum reactor itself can be regarded as a closed thermodynamic system in which mass is conserved within the boundaries of the system, but energy can enter or leave undisturbed. The energy that can enter is the heat that is extracted from the outside air, while the energy that leaves the system is the condensation heat.

45 As a result, the vacuum evaporator can be regarded as a heat machine in which the heat present in the outside air is condensed into the heat of condensation. By this method, the calorific value of the natural gas is replaced by compressed condensation heat. The vacuum evaporator does not produce any heat with the described method. . The recovered heat is moved from the outside air to the condenser, which collects the condensation heat and concentrates it in the heat vessel.

1

See drawing 1 for a schematic overview of the installation, {2} The background of the trough. A vacuum cleaner is based on the following considerations: & - Water prefers and strives for the gaseous phase.

- Hal water must not be frozen because the molecules do not exchange heat. - If the environment does not have enough heat, the heat can come out of the system itself in the form of a temperature reduction.

- External heat can be supplied to allow evaporation.

- Be aware that there is a difference in temperature and heat. Temperature is an expression in degrees Celsius or Kelvin, heat is measured in KL.

- Water needs about 2256 Ki evaporation heat per liter of water to be able to evaporate. This heat must be available or must be offered.

- The temperature of the water to be evaporated is irrelevant, as long as the water is still vigeibial, it being noted that at a higher temperature the evaporation does go faster.

~ The relative humidity must be so low that water vapor (given the temperature under the pressure) can still be absorbed, - The absorbed heat of evaporation is latent heat, the water itself maintains the original evaporation temperature during condensation, - During the condensation of the water vapor the heat of evaporation is transferred to the heat vessel as a sensible heat of condensation.

- The amount of heat of condensation is equal to the heat of evaporation, «After condensing into liquid water, the evaporated water still has the original evaporation temperature.

- After going through the evaporation and condensation cycle, the water can be used again for the next cychis since there is no chemical or physical change and the evaporation temperature is maintained, - Water evaporates at the surface, there the overlying molecules 39 collect the required heat of evaporation . These are on average of the same temperature, If molecules can escape as water vapour, the amount of heat present decreases, Ue remaining molecules now have an equal average temperature again, which is lower since heat ull has been absorbed, The evaporation is now slower and the sand molecules take over heat from the underlying evaporation surface, which also becomes colder. This continues until there is no more water to evaporate or until all the heat has been extracted.

- Water evaporates on a surface that is colder than the water to be evaporated itself. There is a heat transfer from cold to warm which is only possible through the evaporation mechanism.

40 - In addition to the usual heat transfer mechanisms, conduction, convection and strafing, there is a fourth, less well-known method, evaporation. In evaporation, evaporating mineral dust can extract heat from a colder surface, similar to cooling through perspiration. It should be noted that evaporation is actually the movement of a mass, in this case water. The 45 evaporation temperatures become lower in a vacuum. The amount of evaporation heat remains practically the same.

~ in a closed system such as the vacuum reactor, no heat is lost uncontrollably during the process.

- A permanent vacuum is created and maintained in the vacuum reactor.

2

«The resulting water vapor is always sucked out of the vacuum evaporator and conducted to the condenser. This keeps the relative humidity sufficiently low.

- Due to this extraction there is also a permanent water vapor flow towards the condenser, - The resulting water vapor has a volume that is up to 1800 times greater than the liquid volume of the water. The heat of evaporation is necessary to make this expansion possible.

- The water vapor will condense in the condenser and thereby create a natural vacuum. The original volume of water returns in the viosible phase.

- The required heat is extracted from the Jucht by the installation. 1m of air contains approximately 0.9 KJ of heat per degree Kelvin - The vacuum reactor contains no explosive toxic or environmentally harmful parts and can therefore be placed anywhere.

- Due to the installation and method, no additional facilities are required to replace an existing central heating boiler or heat pump.

- Due to the above-mentioned natural properties of water, in particular the retention of the original evaporation temperature and the property to absorb, move and transfer heat of evaporation again, a vacuum installation is more energy efficient than a compression driven installation such as a heat pump.

2 The characteristic innovation of the vacuum reactor is that it can fulfill the above-mentioned aspects through the installation and the working method of the vacuum reactor.

A relevant and characteristic innovation that is part of the vaculim reactor is the heating unit. This is designed in such a way that the temperature of the heating coil in the heating unit is always lower than the temperature of the ambient air, so that a heat transfer can take place. from the warmer ambient air to the colder heat collector vessel. Characteristic is that the heating unit, and therefore the vacuum reactor, can also be used in environments with an outside air of -30 degrees, which is easily possible by adding antifreeze agents to the heat collector trap.

{3} Evaporation and controllable factors A problem to be solved is that in an open environment evaporation always occurs under the set conditions, but that the rate of this evaporation depends on the natural conditions. The colder the environment, the more time it takes for the water molecule to collect the required heat of evaporation, and the lower the relative humidity, the faster the evaporation. As indicated, this liquid must not be frozen and the relative humidity must be sufficiently low. It is therefore difficult to predict the speed at which the water molecules have collected sufficient energy for evaporation. In order to industrialize and accelerate this natural process, a number of factors can be influenced. ~ The heat content of the mass on which the water evaporates. - The temperature of the liquid water, - The size of the evaporation surface measured per amount of water to be evaporated.

- The gas pressure in the space above the evaporating surface, (A lower pressure, viosible water boils at a lower temperature).

- The relative humidity.

- The size of the droplets of the water to be evaporated.

50 - If the evaporating surface is solid: the nature of the surface.

3

- The quality of the liquid to be evaporated, in particular the presence of any impurities. - this patent elaborates on how the vacuum reactor with which characteristics meets the factors mentioned in order to realize the desired industrialization of the evaporation process. {4} Heat transfer method elaborated Wet bulb tent peralue measurement.

The basic principle of the vacuum reactor is based on the ability of the evaporation process to extract heat from a cold or colder mass (the underlying liquid or the underlying mass). A well-known example is the nation cave temperature measurement.

In drawing 2 fig. a is a sketch showing the operation of this measurement.

The original statement states that the evaporating water escapes from the mercury. However, the evaporating water does not come into contact with the mercury as the two substances are separated from each other by the glass. The evaporating water evaporates on the surface of the glass and removes the heat of evaporation from the glass of the thermometer. This lowers the temperature of the glass and creates a temperature difference between the glass and the mercury in this thermometer.

Temperature differences always strive for a balance, therefore warnie is extracted from the mercury, And as a result the measured temperature decreases, There is talk of a transfer medium, the glass has a double function in this situation.

On the one hand, the glass on the outside serves as an evaporation surface, on the other hand, the inner side of the glass is the contact surface with the mercury.

The glass therefore serves as a heat transfer surface from the heat from the mercury to the glass. in the vacuum reactor a similar process takes place with a heat cascade, a sequential order of heat transfers, [Drawing 2 fig. 6}. Evaporation of gene liquid takes place on the surface of the viceistol.

The molecules near the surface of the liquid have their low amount of intermolecular forces compared to the molecules in the center or bottom of the liquid or other mass on which the evaporation occurs.

Therefore, the molecules in the surface can be released easily.

The required evaporation heat is extracted from the liquid layer of water molecules that have not yet evaporated.

A number of waler molecules have at some point accumulated sufficient energy and leave the liquid layer as waler vapour.

As the liquid layer rests on a gel-side separator plate, the top of the liquid bars also caked, analogous to the decreasing temperature of the glass in the bulb temperature measurement.

This separator plate is the transfer medium here and is similar in function to the glass of the wet bulb.

The partition plate also has, like the glass, a double function. On the one hand it is the evaporation surface at the top, on the other hand it is a heat channel surface at the bottom.

Through the heat transfer surface the heat, which comes from the separator plate, is transferred to the evaporation surface. This heat is extracted from the water present.

That water then cools down to below the temperature of the ambient air, The fan heats that water up again with the heat from the ambient air, The heating unit with a fan and the ambient air is based on Newton's Reverse Hoel Law, To To extend the temperature range, antifreeze of any kind can be added to the water in the heating unit, which can lower the freezing point of the water well below the ambient air temperature. 4

{5} Overview drawings: Drawing 2

1.1 Water tank

1.2 Vacuum Evaporator PLC

1.3 Vacuum pump

1.4 Pressure pump

1.5 Nebulizer

1.6.8 Top Separator Plate Evaporation Surface

1.6. bh Partition plate bottom Heat conduction surface 18 1.7.a Heating wire

1.2.0 Heating wire

1.8 Heat collector vessel 19 Heat exchanger

1.10 Fan

1.11 Condenser

1.12 Cooling tube

1.13 Cruulating pump

1.14 Heat vessel

1.15 Connection Cy boiler

1.16 PLC

1.17 Ambient Light Inlet

1.18 Cooled hamlet white late

1.18 Battery Drawing 2 Figure 2.3 Wetbolem pressharmeling Figure 2.b Heat cascade

1. Evaporated water

2. Water that still collects heat 3, Water that has to give up heat and gets colder

4. Partition plate, the evaporation surface

5. The heat conduction sunroof

6. The heat collector vessel that gets colder.

7. The fan that warts ult the ambient air sanvoea Drawing 3 Figure 3.3 Volume shape

Figure 3.b Geometric shape Figure 3.c Relief elevation Figure 3.d Surface roughening Eigure 3.e Evaporation surface with depressions Drawing 4 Figure 4.8 Compact version

1. Condenser with built-in cooling tube

2. Vacuum vessel 3, Warmie vessel

4. Central heating connection

5. Nebulizer

6. Evaporation Surface

7. 7 Warmie unit Figur 4.0 Built-in wind turbine i5 1. Condenser with built-in cooling tube

2. Vacuum container |

3. Heat trap

4. Central heating connection

5. Nebulizer 6, Evaporation Surface 7, Heat Unit

8. Wiad Turbine Drawing 5 Figure5.a. Peltier slement

1. Cold side, connected to heat collector vessel

4. Hot side, connected to heating vessel Figure 5.0. Stirling engine

1. Cold side, connected to heat collector vessel

2. Hot side, connected to heat vessel Drawing 6 Figure §.a Ambient heat with open system Figureö.b Heat trap Mixing with ambient air

Drawing 7 Linking heat to heat unit

7.1 Evaporation side

7.2 Condenser side

7.3 Air cooler

7.4 Discharge pump

7.5 Yaculm Pump

7.6 Heat unit {8} Summary of working method vacullnweactor. The vacuum generator works as follows. Drawing 1 In the water reservoir 1, the water is heated to the desired evaporating temperature. The temperature depends on the negative pressure prevailing in the vacuum evaporator 2, THIS becomes vacuum! made by the vacuum pump 3. When the vacuum and the negative pressure are in balance, the amount of water determined by the pressure pump 4 zen is pressed via the nebulizer Zin the vacuum evaporator. The nebulizer then sprays the water over the evaporation surface 6s. Due to the vacuum present, the water will evaporate on the evaporation surface. The fact that the water evaporates and thereby extracts heat from it and is colder) evaporation surface is contrary to the second law of thermodynamics. Clausius. This statement states: Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without simultaneously undergoing other related changes. That related statement is the vacuum that is created creating an evaporative environment not found in nature. A high evaporation temperature of the water to be evaporated, combined with a relatively deep vacuum. In order to keep the evaporation process constant, the waler to be evaporated must be kept at the evaporation temperature with an additional heat of 7.8. A heating wire with a comparable function 7.5 is also fitted in the connecting pipe between the vacuum evaporator and the condenser to prevent the water vapor from condensing before reaching the actual condenser. This evaporation heat is extracted from the evaporation surface. This will cool it down and at some point it will no longer be able to give off evaporation heat. The required evaporation heat now comes from the heat unit. This plate is called the evaporation surface at the top and the heat conduction surface at the bottom. mer, because the liquid contained therein freezes. Since the outside air contains approximately 0.9 KI of heat per degree Celsius, a fan 1 ensures the supply of heat from the outside air 17. The cooled ambient air is discharged via 18. The heat collector vessel 45, together with the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 10, form the wermis unit. In principle, it is a zen heat exchanger with a large water storage. This waleropsiag is referred to in the vacuum reactor 7 as heat collector vessel and operates according to Newton's Reverse Cooling Value. The warmer ambient air heats the colder water in the heat collector vessel 8 . When the water evaporates, it absorbs heat. This heat of evaporation is necessary to give the current water sufficient heat to be able to evaporate. During the evaporation process the volume grows about 1600 times, 1 liter of water becomes 1600 dre of vapour. This water vapor is drawn into the condenser 11 by the vacuum. A cooling house 12 has been placed there, which ensures that the water vapor starts to condense. The cold water required for the cooling tube is pumped from the heat collector vessel 8 through the circulation pump 13. This water has a low temperature due to the extraction of the evaporation heat. This temperature must be below the dew point, otherwise condensation cannot take place. condensing, the water vapor turns back into liquid water. The heat of evaporation present, the spring heat, is now superfluous and is given off as condensation heat, which is sensible heat. This release causes the temperature of the condenser to rise. This condenser in turn heats the heating vessel 14. The hot water can then be distributed via the connection 13 to the central heating system 15. The entire process is monitored by sensors and controlled by the PLC 16.

During this condensing process, the volume of the water vapor decreases again. 1600 dn? becomes 1 liter of water again. This creates a natural vacuum. The water, which has become liquid again, has kept its original temperature. {A loss of 0.5% is taken into account 20}. The vacuum pump is a diaphragm pump that is also suitable for moving liquid. In addition, this vacuum pump must be designed in such a way that, while pumping the water that has become liquid again, the vacuum is maintained. This The liquid water again is pressed back into the liquid reservoir and there reheated if necessary, {compensation of the possible 0.5% loss, for the next cycle. Since water, but also other liquids, always evaporates provided there is always heat present in the ambient air, the cycle will always continue, provided that the mechanical facilities continue to support the cycle.

To provide the heating for an average Dutch household, 5 liters of water per hour must be evaporated during 24 hours using a standard vacuum reactor, {7} Composition of the vacuum reactor. In addition to using the evaporation technique to extract heat from colder environments and the use of the described heat unit, the composition of the technical components and the design of the vaculim reactor system with the heat unit is also innovative. as geel forms a closed system in which it is possible to force this evaporation using the natural properties of liquids, usually water, and in this way, together with the heat recovery by the warmis unit, forms a permanently functioning installation that produces warm water. and cold energy flows, 49 In order to allow the vaculinweacior to work optimally, the following innovations have been made with the characteristics described.

- The vacuum reactor is suitable and intended for the evaporation of any liquid that can be used for this purpose. Water, with or without additives to support the evaporation process 45, is used as an example because water has the highest evaporation value and will therefore also be the most used in practice. 8

- The vacuum reactor, consisting of four main components, the evaporation and condensation part, the heating unit and the facilitating parts, is a technical ecosystem that is attuned to each other. Drawing 1.

o The evaporation and condensation test of the vacuum reactors are connected in a series connection by the connecting sleeves.

o The heat unit is the part of the installation that recovers the required evaporation heat from the ambient air and is functionally connected to the vacuum evaporator.

u The facilitating part of the mechanical and controlling parts that control the vacuum reactor with the help of the various control systems and as such with all other parts of the vacuum reactor functions! is connected, - The evaporation of the liquids takes place under a vacuum whose negative pressure is adjustable and in accordance with the temperature of the liquid to be evaporated.

- Both variables must at least be in mutual support, whereby each variable can be set in such a way! that the tolsranis of the system becomes a maximum, By making the temperature of the liquid to be evaporated higher than is appropriate for the prevailing negative pressure, or by making the negative pressure deeper than is appropriate for the temperature of the water, the tolerance of the evaporation system is increased magnify.

- Increasing the liquid temperature does not require additional operational costs since this temperature is the same after evaporation and condensation. Creating Zen deeper vaculm requires minimally more energy.

- An important property of water vapor that condenses is that the original evaporation temperature is maintained Dj, In the series circuit of the vacuum reactor this means that the water is evaporated with an evaporation temperature T1 and after condensing still has its temperature of TL, - The original evaporation temperature DIR theoretically maintained. In practice, it appears that the evaporation temperature can drop to 0.5%. To correct this loss, an additional heating system is needed that heats it up to 0.5% if necessary.

- {Despite this possible drop in evaporation temperature, the efficiency gains remain significant, because the evaporation part of the vaculinweacior requires a minimal amount of electricity to continue functioning. These efficiency gains, by exploiting this property of evaporating fluids, are a hallmark of the vacuum reactor. The high COP becomes even more important there! explained with.

- The wrapped vacuum reactor can be regarded as a closed system, a type of 40 thermodynamic systems in which mass is conserved within the boundaries of the system, but energy can pass through or leave undisturbed, which means that the water used in the system is DIJK, - A characteristic of the vacuum generator is that it uses water but does not consume it, A characteristic of water is that it can evaporate again and again and therefore can be part of an endless cycle, 9

- The ambient air that the vacuum reactor uses to provide the required evaporation heat is not affected physically, chemically or biologically. Energy is only extracted from the ambient air in the form of heat. Heat that is also used in the environment as heating heat for central heating and tap water. - Devaculim reactor makes use of the distinctive properties of water. Water always evaporates, at any temperature, The only conditions are that the water is not frozen and that the relative humidity is sufficiently low, this In accordance with the prevailing temperature and the air pressure, - The vaecuünweactor works on the basis of a vacuum which allows the relative humidity is always low Since the water vapor present is extracted. When the water is frozen, no evaporation is possible as there are no colliding molecules that can take over or transfer heat.

- From the above it appears that liquid waler always evaporates regardless of the temperature of the environment (or the evaporation surface) on which the water evaporates, This phenomenon always works in nature, - It is at the same time Zen given that this evaporation process takes a considerable time in nature can last, so that the practical applicability is not present. The evaporation part of the vacuum reactor is therefore not so much designed to make this evaporation possible, but rather to speed up the evaporation time in such a way that it becomes operationally usable. The techniques and devices supporting this are: v>. As given, the vacuum reactor is a closed system in which mass is conserved within the confines of the system, but energy can enter or exit undisturbed. At the same time, DI requires that the zebels system is insulated in such a way that the unintended heat transfer between the system and the environment is limited to a maximum. o In addition to the usual insulation systems, there is also the following option. Since a vacuum pump is already in operation {to realize the necessary negative pressure}, the entire heat cycle can be accommodated in a vacuum environment. This can be done by making partial systems double-walled.

> The vacuum reactor needs a vacuum-tight seal between the evaporation cycle and the environment from which the evaporation heat is obtained. This separating plate, the repelling medium, has two sides, each with its own function. An upper side is the evaporation surface 5.2, the lower side is the heat transfer surface 6b.

o The function of this shielding plate is that it can pass on the required evaporation heat, which is extracted from the ambient air, in a vacuum-tight manner to the water to be evaporated, 40 o One way to make water evaporate more quickly is to increase the evaporation surface, The surface can be increased by making this surface into a volume shape, A concave or polygonal shape has a larger surface area than a flat plate, See drawing 3 fig. a.

o (or connected to) the evaporation surface, an attached magnification can be applied by applying a geometric shape or sanding magnifying pads. Drawing 3 fig. D.

o The surface itself can be given a surface relief, which multiplies the net $ available surface. Drawing 3 fig. €.

& Betting on these superficial magnifying reliefs, the surface area can be further increased by applying {microscopic} surface roughener, Drawing 3 fig. dl.

o The evaporation surface can also be provided with floors, provided the vapor permeability is sufficient, Drawing 3 fig. e.

o Provision can be made on the evaporation surface to bring the descending water to the desired evaporation temperature. Water droplets that fall down can partly extract heat from the descending droplets during this descent. This causes evaporation to start, but the descending water drops considerably in temperature. To compensate for this loss, a surface additional heating is required. The additional heating of 1 liter of water to 1 degree Celsius requires 4.12 ki. The vapor per liter is 2256 ki. The losses as a result of this during heating are therefore small and calculated in the COP, a This surface additional heating system can be integrated in the evaporation surface or lie loose on it. Furthermore, the method of additional heating is not relevant, it concerns the addition of heat in order to obtain an optimum evaporation temperature.

o The connecting pipe between the evaporator and the condenser should be preheated to prevent the water vapor from condensing before it reaches the condenser.

o As indicated, the separation pdsat has two sides, with an evaporation surface as indicated above, while at the same time the underside serves as a heat conduction surface from the heat unit to the evaporation surface. the heat transfer can take place better. All surface expansion options that apply to the evaporation surface coating also apply to the heat conduction surface.

o Reducing the evaporating water droplet with a nebulizer is a method to accelerate evaporation, The contact possibilities increase, and therefore the heat transfers, as these contact possibilities increase, o The refinement can also be obtained by sen ubirasoan installation, It is characteristic here that refinement of the water drop of any kind helps the evaporation.

o The evaporation can also be accelerated by using prepared water, distilled or demineralised. This preparation can also be achieved by using additives of any kind, 11 o Accelerating the evaporation rate of water is also possible by rephrasing the physical relationship between temperature and pressure. In the tables, water evaporates in a vacuum of x degrees at a negative pressure of y. It is of course possible to increase the temperature and decrease the negative pressure 2e. This considerably increases the evaporation tolerance and makes the evaporation process more stable and controllable.

‚ Raising the evaporating temperature furthermore does not cost any extra energy, except for start-up, since condensing water always maintains the evaporating temperature {except for a small percentage, up to 0.5%).

& Reducing the negative pressure is partly supported by the fact that the evaporating water grows up to 1600 times in volume. During condensation, the volume decreases again to its original size. This creates a natural vacuum in the condenser, iS > Contrary to what is stated in Hgugr 1, the vacuum reactor can also be integrated into itself. The drawing 4 figure a. DE results in a more compact installation that requires less installation space, o The water vapor has a remarkably larger volume, which creates a considerable vapor flow in the vacuum evaporators. Given the fuchis cleanliness to be achieved, it is possible to wind turbine capable of generating electricity, Drawing 4 fig. b.

The vacuum portion of the vacuum reactor must be heated to the vaporization temperature used to avoid premature condensation. | o The supply tube from the vacuum part to the condensing part must be heated to the used evaporation temperature or higher to prevent the condensation process from taking place elsewhere than in the condenser, - The condensing part works just like the evaporating part based on the natural properties of waler, more specifically of water vapour, Water vapor entering a colder part, defined as lower than the dew point, will condense, 0 During condensation, the absorbed heat of evaporation will be given off to the environment as an equal amount of condensation heat.

„ The intended environment here is the condensing wall that is in direct contact with the heat vessel. As a result, all recovered heat will be transferred to the heat vessel. It should be noted that without additional provisions, this heating vessel can never reach a higher temperature than the original evaporating temperature, 40 o During the condensing process, the condensation water will return to its original volume. This explains the low reduced capacity of the vacuum pump. This then only needs to move the amount of water that was originally evaporated, o The required cold that must be present in the condenser is introduced via the cooling tube. This is a closed cold transport system that is connected to the water in the heating unit, As a result, no additional facility is required to obtain the required cold, since the evaporation process itself provides water that can be used as cooling water.

It is also possible not to opt for cold transport from the heating unit, but to obtain this cold externally. Cold ambient air or a liquid below the Dew point can be used very well.

„ Both the cold store and the condenser can be made in all kinds of materials if they have sufficient heat dissipation, 18 o Dok, it is possible to increase the surface areas of both the condenser and the cooling tube according to the way in which the evaporation surface can be increased, „> The heat vessel that is part of the condenser can be filled with any liquid or solid solid that can provide sufficient heat dissipation, Since waler has the largest heat storage capacity, this liquid is widely used, It is possible to increase the storage capacity by using various additives, among other things, would and or phase chance materials are sfficiénts for this purpose, o The heat that is available in the heating vessel can also be used by means of a heat exchanger to heat the ambient air, after which this warm can really be used to serve zen hate air heating.

~ The heating unit is that part of the vacuum reactor that makes it possible to obtain the necessary evaporative heat from the outside light. exudate puddle on the side of the vacuum evaporator which is called evaporation surface! and on the side of the heat unit the heat conduction surface. This partition transfers the recovered heat of evaporation to the water to be evaporated. The arrangement of this transfer surface must be conductive such that the heat flow from the heating unit to the evaporation surface is optimal.

o The ambient air is blown through the heat exchanger by a fan. This will cause the viogist in the radiator to heat up and the ambient air to cool.

o The heat exchanger and the heat exchanger form a whole. in principle it is a radiator with a permanently mounted storage vessel.

o It is also possible to design the heat exchanger in such a way that the top serves as an immersion surface and the bottom as a heat conduction surface.

49 o One way to make the transfer surface heat up more quickly is to increase the surface area by applying a relief.

> Also on these surface-enlarging reliefs, the surface can be further increased by applying {microscopic} surface roughening.

15

The provision of ribs in any shape to increase the transfer area is applicable.

o The liquid in the warming agent, usually water but not exclusively, can be prepared with an antifreeze agent of any kind. the ambient air. This makes it possible to extract heat from the outside air, even at very low temperatures. Dere, therefore, colder air is useful for air conditioning applications.

o Instead of supplying the hot water filter vessel with heat that is recovered from air, it is also possible to supply the required heat of evaporation from another heat flow, such as, but not limited to, (waste water or process control).

co The fan with the heat exchanger can be used outside, comparable to the heat exchanger of a zen heat pump.

- The facilitating parts, consisting of the mechanical parts of the vacuum reactor and the control mechanism, which maintains the necessary evaporation equilibrium based on the input from the various sensors, controls all bended perpen and fans.

- Although the vacuum reactor is a continuously operating system, the evaporation may work intermittently. A certain amount of water of the correct temperature is introduced into the vacuum evaporator after which the vacuum pump is given time to remove the water vapour. This intermittent operation gives more operational time to the system to vaporize.

o The process progress of the vacullim reactor is controlled by sensors that measure the temperature at all relevant locations, the pressure present and the relative humidity. On the basis of this data, an intermittent operating system can then regulate the continuous evaporation.

o This intermittent time allows the atomized water to collect the required heat of evaporation. o The vacuum pump has a dual function. On the one hand this ensures that there is a negative pressure in the heat cycle, on the other hand this vacuum pump transfers the condensed liquid back to the liquid vessel. any other combination of pumps (both air and dust pumps) than shore compressors that can provide this dual function can in principle be used.

49 o The pressure pump that presses the vigelsiof to be vaporized from the liquid vessel to the nebulizer, in order to get into the vacuum! to be able to evaporate, can be replaced by a pneumatic cylinder driven by electricity or compressed air, o The vacuum pump can also be used to replace the pnerspamp if it is adapted to it. The inlet side then serves to create the vacuum and the On the outgoing side for pumping to the nebulizer, In this situation the function of the liquid reservoir is lost, It is then replaced by a heating system around the supply, o The liquid reservoir contains an amount of water sufficient for a number of evaporation cycles. DR rcservolr is equipped with a heating system to bring the liquid to be evaporated to the correct evaporation temperature before evaporation. During the operational operation of the vacuum reactor, this heating system must ensure that any heat losses during the evaporation process are replenished.

o The circulation pump is connected to the cooling pipe and to the warmis unit. Due to this connection, the cooling tube is always provided with a temperature below the dew point of the liquid or water vapour.

{8} Further possibilities of and measured the vaculimrsacior.

It is possible to concentrate the heat present in the heat vessel into a smaller mass using heat pipes. This saves heat storage capacity. In these situations too, a heat exchanger is coupled to realize hot air heating, or to serve as a heat supply for other heat pipes. The vacuum reactor produces hot water, cold water and cold water. With these combinations 2Ü several applications are possible, as indicated. By using heat pipes, the possibilities can be increased, in particular the characteristic feature of the vacuum reactor, to be able to supply heat permanently without any dependence on any fossil raw materials or climatic conditions whatsoever, makes the vacuum reactor usable in combination with heat pipes. broadens considerably and is also attractive.

gen heatpipe is a mechanical device with no moving parts that can transfer heat from one point to another without using its external power supply. It is a sealed tube partially filled with a working fluid, usually a refrigerant. The refrigerant, with a low evaporating temperature, absorbs the heat from the warm air during evaporation, The vapor then goes to the condensing side of the heatpipe placed in a heat-upskg system that can withstand the added heat, The heat that was absorbed from the warm air on the evaporation side is now transferred to that heat storage stone. This loss of heat causes the vapor to enter the tube. It condenses again to a liquid, causing the cycle to repeat. It is a well-known application such as that used loosely in air conditioning to pre-cool the supplied air. In this patent, the existing technique is added to a new device to increase its yield.

An application area in which the temperature difference can be increased with the help of heat pipes and thus create a more significant temperature difference so that sen Peltier 40 clement can be used for the production of electricity can be seen in drawing 5 fig. a. The heat difference between the two heat flows can also be used to drive a Stirling engine, Drawing 6 fig. Lb. The cold air from the heating unit can be used for cooling purposes as air conditioners, the warm air from the heat trap can be used for heating air for air heating. In fact, this is also a form of concentrating heat, but now in air, is

Another field of application is the coupling of a waler/icht heat exchanger in order to use the amount of water present (for example 90 degrees Celsius) for heating the ambient air to the temperature at which the installed heat pipes are used. the installed heatpipes to work. The advantage is that these will not only work on the heat present in the hot water, but will also use the heat from the heated air. Since the evaporating agent in the heatpipe starts to evaporate at a temperature between 15 and 25 î degrees Celsius so there is now more evaporation temperature and evaporation heat available. And the majority of the used evaporation heat is also obtained here from the outside air. The great advantage of the linked installation {vacuum reactor, heat exchanger, heat pipes and heat storage system] is that the necessary supply of heat for the heat pipes is guaranteed. The disadvantage is that the final result is partly dependent on the temperature of the outside air.

is drawing 6. Fig. b is a diagram for such an arrangement.

If the vacuum reactor is only used for the generation of electricity, the condensation heat can be used as an input for the evaporation heat in the heat unit. The cold for the cooling tube is now supplied by an air cooler. The electricity produced is stored in the battery and passed on. Through this facility, an electricity generating machine is ignited which, after the initial start-up requirement, can largely provide for its own energy needs.

It is necessary to install manual startup installation in order to have the initial electricity available. The warmi unit can be kept for safety. Since there are also losses, it is likely that a supply of external energy (heat and electricity) will always be required. See drawing 7 for a schematic sketch.

16

Claims (5)

Conclusions, 1. A method and installation comprising a physical reactor (hereinafter referred to as vacuum reactor) where, under controlled and stable conditions, a forced Tase change is enforced. As a result, a physical action takes place that is caused by an installation, containing an evaporation and condensation ring part, a heating unit and a facilitating part for controlling the previous parts. The evaporation part uses the heat gained by the heat unit. from the ambient air as heat of evaporation. The ambient air becomes colder due to this extraction of heat. The evaporation heat allows iG evaporation in the vacuum reactor. The heat of evaporation, which is present as latent heat in the water vapor after evaporation, is converted into the condensation des! gained during the condensation process as sensible heat. This property makes it possible to compress heat from a large mass into a smaller mass. This conglomeration of heat is one of the distinguishing features of the installation described here. The purpose of this device is to bundle the heat present in the ambient air by means of evaporation and condensation and to produce both cold and heat with the aim of the heating and cooling of buildings, buildings and other spaces or industrial installations. At the same time, the vacuum reactor produces a constant water vapor flow that is suitable for driving a wind turbine for the generation of electricity for various applications that require electricians. Because the device. produces both heat and cold simultaneously, it is possible to generate electricity with the help of these Zempersteering differentials with the aid of san Peltierslement or a Stivling motor. The device uses the heat of evaporation that is absorbed during the evaporation of a liquid or gas and the heat of transmission that becomes available afterwards during the condensation of the previously evaporated liquid or gas. The vacuum reactor is characterized by its composition. of the following features. - The developed vacuum reactor can be regarded as a closed thermodynamic system in which mass is conserved within the limits of the system, but energy can enter or leave undisturbed. In addition to the electricity required to drive the mechanical and controlling parts, the heat that is recovered is the ambient air is the only form of energy that enters or exits the vacuum reactor. = This makes it possible to supply permanently warm ìe without any dependence on any fossil raw materials or climatic conditions, which considerably broadens the usability of the varuum rsscar, 49} vit to condense the ambient air into a heat vessel is innovative. This conglomeration of heat is one of the distinguishing features of the installation described here. 17 . The vacuum reactor is a method and installation that makes it possible to artificially evaporate water with the aim of using the resulting heat of evaporation and condensation as an energy source. The general operation according to figure 1 is as follows. The vacuum reactor allows water to evaporate, using a vacuum. The heat of evaporation required for this is extracted from the evaporation surface 6.4, which is again connected to the heat unit via the heat conduction surface b.b. The heat collector vessel 8 of the heat unit cools by this extraction of the evaporation heat. - The evaporation surface and the heat conduction surface are respectively the top and the bottom of the separator plate 6. This resolves the sealing loops between the closed systems of the vacuum reactor and the environment of this vacuum reactor. ~ Because evaporation can only take place if sufficient evaporation heat is available. As a result, a form of evaporative heat compensation is necessary. These are carried out with the help of the heat unit, while the heat from the ambient air is added to the water collector vessel by means of a heat exchanger. “The water vapor containing the long evaporation heat is transported to the condenser by means of a vacuum pump and condensed there, making the condensation heat that has now become noticeable! transferred to the condenser, which itself is placed in the heat vessel, whereby all condensation heat is accumulated therein. - The condensed water is returned to the water reservoir, creating a cycle of water evaporation, condensation and back to water, clarifying the infinite cycle of water use. The heat stored in the heat vessel can be used for heating purposes {central heating} and for generating electricity {using the cold present in the heat collector vessel}. Contrary to what the name suggests, the temperature in the heat collector vessel is always lower than the temperature of the ambient air. - A special property of water is that it has a very high evaporation and condensation heat, as a result of which water is usually used in the vacuum reactor as the evaporation medium. For this reason, the liquid water is used exclusively in this patent as an example. improve usability as an evaporative medium. - During the operational use of the vaculinweactor, the required liquid {usually water, but not exclusively} only needs to be heated up once, during start-up, ie because water vapor has returned to its original evaporation temperature after condensation, 18 - With infinite reuse of water, which is a environmentally friendly transport medium, it is possible because the vacuum reactor does not consume water but uses it. insert hair is in the process of the vacuum reactor. The method of the vacuum reactor has made it possible to use water as an evaporation medium that is not monitored. - The evaporation fuel, the required evaporation heat, is obtained from the ambient air, which is an inexhaustible source of heat. 0 - An additional aspect of the vacuum reactor is that no special requirements need be imposed on the location where such a reactor is placed, since the evaporation of water must be regarded as dangerous. The water rector contains four main parts, an evaporation and condensation part, a heat point and a facilitating part that controls the other parts. - The installation and working method of the vaculiny reactor is as follows. Drawing 1. In the water tank 1, the water is related to the desired evaporation temperature. This evaporation temperature depends on the underpressure prevailing in the vacuum evaporator 2 and can be set with the aid of PLL 15 . ~ This vacuum is created by the vacuum pump 3. When the vacuum and negative pressure have reached the desired settings, the pressure pump forces 4 seconds of water through the nebulizer Sin into the vacuum evaporator. The nebulizer then sprays the water over the evaporation surface Sa , Due to the negative pressure present, the water will evaporate on the evaporation surface, Z5 The atomization is necessary to achieve as even and ame distribution of the water as possible to achieve an efficient evaporation operation, It is also possible to evaporate it apply water to the evaporation surface 6.9 in another way, for example via a single jet. Such a method is possible, but is not preferred because it will not improve the efficiency. i.e. let it start when the vaculim pump 3 can draw a sufficient ep of vacuum and thus, albeit more slowly, the vacuum Starting the cumulative reactor process Iwengen, - To keep the evaporation process constant, the water to be evaporated must be kept at the evaporation temperature or brought with an additional heating wire 7.a. A heating wire with a similar function 7,b is also fitted in the connection housing between the vacuum evaporator and the condenser to prevent the water vapor from condensing before reaching the actual condenser, 19 - Since the vacuum cleaner can work intermittently, there is no heating circuit to prevent the liquid to be evaporated in the discharge pipe from cooling down while waiting for the set process time. = In order for water to evaporate, in addition to evaporation temperature, heat of evaporation is also required. This heat of evaporation is extracted from the evaporation surface. This will cool it down and at some point it will no longer be able to give off heat of evaporation. The required heat of evaporation now comes from the heat unit. The separation between the vacuum evaporator and the heat unit is the separation plate 6, This plate is called the evaporation surface 6a at the top and the heat conduction surface 6,b at the bottom. The evaporation surface 83 is in contact with the heat transfer vessel B via the heat conduction surface 6b The heat from this is transferred to the evaporation surface. At some point, this heat sink will then no longer be able to dissipate heat because it freezes. Since the outside air contains heat, however, a fan 10 ensures the supply of heat from the outside air 17. The cooled ambient air is discharged via 18. Together with the heat exchanger 9 and the fan 10, the heat collector vessel forms the heating unit. In principle, it is a heat exchanger with a water storage. This water storage is called heat collector vessel in the vacuum reactor and works according to Newton's Reverse Cooling Law. The warmer ambient air heats up the colder water in the heat collector vessel §. - When the water evaporates, it does not generate heat. This heat of evaporation is necessary to give the vipeiable water sufficient energy to evaporate. During the evaporation process, the volume grows about 1600 times. 1 liter of water becomes 1600 dm? water vapor. This water vapor is there drawn into the vacuum in the condenser 11 . “A cooling tube 12 has been placed there, which ensures that the water vapor starts to condense. The cold water required for the cooling tube is pumped around the heat collector vessel 8 by the circulation pump 13. This has a low temperature control by withdrawing the 36 evaporating heats. below the dew point, otherwise condensation cannot take place. During this condensation, the water vapor changes back into liquid water. - The evaporation heat present, the latent heat, is now superfluous and is released when condensation heat is only sensible heat. Due to this output, the temperature of the condenser rises, This condenser in turn heats the heating vessel 14 again, The hot water can then be distributed via the connection to the DV 15, The entire process is monitored by sensors and controlled by the PLC16, During this condensing process reduces the volume of the water vapor again. 1600 dm? becomes 1 liter of water again, This creates a natural 40 vacuum, The water that has become liquified again has kept the original temperature, (Zen loss up to 0.5 %). 28 . The vacuum pump is a diaphragm pump that is suitable for moving both liquid and gas. In addition, this vacuum pump must be designed in such a way that the vacuum is maintained during the pumping of the liquefied water. s The liquid water again is pressed back into the vipeist reservoir and heated again if necessary, to compensate for the possible 0.5% loss, for the next cycle, ~ Since water, but also other liquids always evaporate if there is always heat present in the ambient air that can be recovered, the cycles will always continue, provided that the mechanical facilities continue to support the cycle. - The evaporation and condensation part of the vacuum reactor are connected in a series connection. The heat unit is this part of the Installation that recovers the required evaporative heat from the ambient air and is functionally linked to the vapor cycle. Is - The facilitating part containing all mechanical and controlling parts and the controlling vacuum reactor which is functionally connected as such with all other parts of the vacuum reactor using the various control systems. - The evaporation of the liquids takes place under a vacuum whose negative pressure is adjustable and in accordance with the temperature of the liquid to be evaporated, - Both variables must at least be in agreement, whereby each variable can be set in such a way that the tolerance of the system becomes maximum. To clarify, At a certain negative pressure, water evaporates at 70 degrees Celsius, The water also evaporates at 90 degrees Celsius. Allzen if 30 degrees Celsius is set, the tolerance margin increases and thus the uncertainty decreases. - By making the temperature of the liquid to be evaporated higher than is appropriate for the prevailing negative pressure, or by making the negative pressure deeper than is appropriate for the temperature of the water, the tolerance of the evaporation system is increased. A combination of both sand fittings is also possible. ~ Increasing the liquid temperature does not require additional operational costs, since the temperature remains the same even after evaporation and condensation. Creating a deeper vacuum does cost more energy, but the difference remains key. - An important property of water vapor that the vacuum reactor uses is that with water vapor condensing, the original evaporation temperature is maintained DIR, In the series connection of the vacuum reactor, this means that the water is evaporated at evaporation temperature Tx and after condensing still has a temperature of Tx, - The stated evaporation temperature AT is theoretically maintained, In practice 40 it appears that it can fall to 0.5%, To correct this loss an additional heating system is needed that heats it up to 0.5% if necessary bike, - A characteristic of the vacuum reactor is that, due to the aforementioned property of water vapor, the water that has become liquid again does not (or hardly) have to be heated for the next evaporation cycle. - Thanks to this very limited drop in evaporation temperature, the efficiency gain remains considerably because the evaporation part of the vacuum reactor requires a minimum amount of efficiency to continue to function. vacuum reactor explaining the high COP. - The ambient air that the vacuum reactor uses to provide the required evaporation heat is not affected physically, chemically or biologically. used as heating heat for central heating and tap water, - The vacuum reactor takes advantage of the distinctive properties of is water. Water always evaporates, at any temperature, The only conditions are that the water is not frozen and that the relative humidity is sufficiently low, in accordance with the prevailing temperature and the air pressure, - The vacuum reactor works on the basis of a vacuum that allows the relative humidity is always low as the water vapor present is! aspirated. 29 - Liquid water always evaporates regardless of the temperature of the environment (or evaporation surface) at which that water evaporates, even on a colder surface. - The characteristic function of the vaculimi reactor is not that it allows the evaporation, the evaporation process in nature always works, however, it can take a considerable time so that the practical applicability is not present. The evaporation part of the vaculim reactor is therefore not so much designed to make this evaporation possible, but to accelerate the evaporation time in such a way that it becomes operationally usable. within the boundaries of the system, but energy can enter or leave undisturbed. At the same time, this requires that the entire system is insulated in such a way that the unintentional heat transfers between the system and the environment are limited as much as possible, - In addition to the usual insulation systems, there is also the following option Since a vacuum pump is already in operation (to restore the required underpressure), the entire heat cycle can be accommodated in a vacuum system. This can be done by making the vessel double-walled. - The vacuum reactor needs a vacuum-tight seal between the evaporation cycle and the environment from which the heat of evaporation is generated! won, This separation plate, the separation medium, has two sides, each with its own function. The top is the evaporation surface, the bottom is the heat conduction surface, - The function of this partition plate is that it can pass on the required evaporation heat, which is extracted from the ambient air, in a vacuum-tight manner to the water to be evaporated, 22 - One way to evaporate water faster is to increase the evaporation cap. The surface can be increased by making this surface in the volume form. A sphere or vest corner shape has a larger surface area than a flat plate, See drawing 3 fig. a. - in {or connected to) the evaporation surface, a surface enlargement can be applied by sanding its geometrical augmenting shape or by applying enlargement plates, Drawing 3 fig. b, - The surface itself can thread a surface relief which multiplies the neat available surface becomes Drawing 3 fig. approx. - {ok on this surface-enlarging reliefs, the surface can be enlarged even further by applying (microscopic) surface roughening. Drawing 3 fig. d. ~ The evaporation surface can also be applied with recesses, provided the vapor passages are sufficiently large. Drawing 3 fig, e. - A provision can be made on the evaporation surface to bring the descending water to the desired evaporation temperature. Water droplets that fall down can partly extract heat from the descending droplets during this descent. This causes evaporation to start, but the descending water drops considerably in temperature, To compensate for this loss 26 a surface additional heating is required. The additional heating of 1 liter of water with 1 degree Cabslus requires 4.12 ki. The heat of evaporation per liter is 2256 ki. The losses as a result of this during heating are therefore small and calculated in the COP, - The surface heating system can be integrated in the evaporation surface or lie on it, Furthermore, the method of additional heating is narrow relevant, it concerns the addition of heat in order to obtain and maintain optimum evaporation temperature ts. - The connecting pipe between the evaporator and the condenser must be preheated to prevent the water vapor from condensing before it has reached the condenser, - The separator plate has two sides, as indicated, an evaporating surface as indicated above, while at the same time the bottom serves as a heat conduction surface from the heat unit to the evaporation surface. The same advantages apply to this heat conduction surface as when increasing the evaporation surface. As the transfer surface area is larger, the heat transfer can take place better. All surface enlargement possibilities that apply to the evaporation surface therefore also apply to the heat transfer surface. - Reducing the water droplet to be evaporated with a nebulizer is a method to make evaporation faster. The contact possibilities increase, and therefore also the heat transfers, as these contact possibilities increase. The refinement can also be obtained by an ultrasonic installation. The characteristic here is that refinement of the water drop of any kind helps the evaporation. 23 - The evaporation can also be increased by using prepared water, distilled or demineralized. This preparation can also be achieved by using additives of any kind, - Accelerating the evaporation rate of water is also possible by changing the physical relationship between temperature and pressure. Filling in, According to the tables, waler evaporates in a vacuum of x degrees at a negative pressure of y, It is of course possible to increase the temperature and decrease the negative pressure. This significantly increases the evaporation tolerance and makes the evaporation process more stable and controllable. - Increasing the evaporation temperature does not require any extra energy at start-up, since condensing water always retains the evaporation temperature (except for a small percentage, approx. 0.5 9). - Reducing the negative pressure is partly supported by the fact that the evaporating water grows in volume up to 1600 times. This creates a natural vacuum in the finder. - Contrary to what is indicated in figure 1, the vacuum reactor can also be integrated into itself. See drawing 4 fig. a. This results in a more compact installation that requires less installation space. ~ The water vapor has a remarkably larger volume, this creates a considerable vapor flow in the vacuum evaporator. Given the kichi speed to be achieved, it is possible to place a wind turbine in the vacuum evaporator that is capable of generating electricity. Drawing 4 fig. b. - By adjusting the dimensions of the vacuum evaporator, the air speed for the wind turbine can be adjusted. - If the vacuum reactor is intended to operate without connection to an external glekirivitedishron, provisions are required. Since the vacuum reactor cannot start without electricity, it is necessary to have a facility with which the supply of this required electricity can be ensured. - A characteristic of such a vacuum reactor is that it works on a built-in battery that is recharged by the systems that generate electricity. - An additional feature is that this battery can also be recharged by a manual system that provides enough electricity to start, - The vacuum part of the vacuum reactor must be heated to the used evaporating temperature to prevent premature condensation. - The connecting tube from the vacuum section to the condenser section must be heated to the evaporating temperature used or higher to prevent the condensing process from taking place other than in the condenser, - The condensing section works just like the evaporating section based on the natural properties of water, more specifically of water vapor. Water vapor entering a colder part, defined as being lower than the dew point, will condense. - During condensation, the absorbed heat of evaporation will be released to the environment as an equal amount of condensation heat. The intended environment here is the bull wall of the condenser which comes into direct contact with the heat exchanger. As a result, all the heat gained will be transferred to the 24 heat trap. It should be noted that this heat vessel can never reach a higher temperature than the original evaporation pressure without additional provisions. - During the condensation process, the evaporated water will return to its original volume. This explains the low capacity required by the vacuum pump. This then only needs to move the amount of water that originally had to be evaporated, as the installation is designed in such a way that all the water vapor condenses in the condenser, - The necessary cold that must be present in the condenser is introduced through the cooling tube, WHICH is a closed Cold Iranspori system that is connected to the water in the heat unn via a circulation pump. As a result, no exira facility is required to obtain the required cold, since the evaporation process thus provides water that can be used as cooling water. reachable externally. The ambient air or liquid below the applicable dew point are acceptable, - Both the cooling tube and the condenser can be made in all kinds of materials, as they are sufficiently thermally conductive. Also here it is possible to increase the surface areas of both the condenser and the cooling tube accordingly the way in which the wick can enlarge the evaporation surface, - The heat vessel, that part? of the condenser, can be filled with any liquid or solid that can provide sufficient heat storage, Since water has the provision of heat storage capacity, this liquid is used extensively, It is possible to increase the storage capacity by using various additives, Salt and/ or phase chance materials are efficient means for this. Filling the heating vessel completely with metal or stones also increases the storage capacity. warm air can be used to serve in a hot air KS heating according to the usual installations to distribute air in living and working buildings, - The warmisunk is that desl of the vacuum reactor that makes it possible to obtain the necessary evaporation heat from the outside air. heat unR can do this because a sen ai separation plate is applied ht between the evaporator part and the heat unit, - This coupling, the separator plate, is called evaporation surface on the vacuum evaporator side and the heat conduction surface on the heat side. This separation transfers the recovered heat of evaporation to the water to be evaporated. The arrangement of this transfer surface must be such that the heat flow from the heat source near the evaporation surface is maximal. - The ambient air is blown through the heat exchanger by a fan. This will cause the liquid in the radiator to heat up and the ambient light to cool. circulation pump. gE The liquid in the heating unit, usually water, but not exclusively, can be prepared with an antifreeze agent of any kind. The purpose of that agent is that the freezing point of this liquid in the heating unit falls below the expected temperature of the ambient air, This makes it possible to extract heat from the outside air even at very low temperatures. The vacuum generator gains the damping heat with its heat cascade, a sequential order of heat transfers, (Drawing 2 fig. b1). Evaporation of a liquid takes place on the surface of the liquid, The molecules near the surface of the liquid have a low amount of intermolecular forces compared to the molecules in the center or bottom of the liquid or other mass on which the evaporation takes place Therefore the molecules in the surface can be released easily. - The required heat of evaporation is extracted from the liquid layer of water molecules that have not yet evaporated. A number of water molecules have collected sufficient energy at some point and leave the liquid layer as waler vapour. The top of the liquid layer cools as a result. Since the liquid layer rests on a conductive separator plate, it also cools, analogous to the decreasing temperature of the glass in the wet-bulb temperature measurement. This separator plate is the transfer medium here and is similar in function to the wet-bulb glass. The partition plate also has a double function here, just like the glass. On the one hand it is the evaporation surface at the top, on the other hand it is a heat conduction surface at the bottom. - This heat is extracted from the water present in the heating unit. This water then cools down to below the temperature of the ambient air. The fan reheats that water with the heat from the outside air. Heating the warming unit with a fan and the ambient air is based on Newton's Reverse Cooling Law. instead of supplying the heat recovery vessel with heat recovered from air, it is also possible to supply the dipping heat of vaporization to it from another heat stream, such as, for example, but not limited to, waste water or process air. - The waste water with sufficient heat content is then passed through the heat exchanger through the heat exchanger vessel. Except for waste water, all liquids and warm air streams are suitable. «The warming unit cannot be supplied with warmiecoleclonat either. The reduced heat transfer capacity must then be compensated by a large fan with more capacity. The heat conduction surface is in open communication with the hump air. - heat is then extracted from the outside air with the aid of the fan without further facilities. The vacuum reactor remains a closed system. fg - The heat can also be extracted from an external water flow that is guided along the heat conduction surface. The heat conduction surface can then be provided with extension fins. «The water in the heat roller vessel can also be used for cooling the condenser by means of the cooling tube. As a result, the {partial} heat of evaporation is extracted from the object to be cooled. «To increase the temperature range, an antifreeze of any kind can be added to the water in the heating unit, which can lower the freezing point of the water in the muddled unit well below the ambient temperature of high. - The used air is colder because this son has given up part of the heat contained therein to the heat collector of the heating unit. This, therefore, colder cough can be used for air conditioning applications in accordance with the usual installations to distribute laughter in residential and work buildings . - The facilitating parts, consisting of the mechanical parts of the vaculim reactor and the control mechanism that maintains the necessary evaporative equilibrium based on the input from the various semsors, controls all the necessary pumps and fans. - Since water evaporates under fixed evaporation conditions, sensors are needed in the vacuum generator to control the installation. These control conditions are the required water in the evaporating part, which must correspond to the temperature of the supplied water, ~ The additional heaters must correspond to the temperature of the supplied water and the pressure in the exchange chamber. The negative pressure to be created by the vacuum pump must be attuned to the pressure in the vacuum evaporator, - The cold supplied to the condenser must correspond to the degree of condensation of the supplied vapor. must correspond to the degree of condensation, ~ an intermittent control system is implemented in the vacuum reactor that maintains a balance between pressure, evaporation and temperature throughout the process progress. - Although the vacuum cleaner is a continuous system, the evaporation may work intermittently. A specified amount of water of the correct temperature is introduced into the vacuum evaporator, after which the vacuum pump is given time to remove the water vapour. This intermittent operation gives more operational time to the system to evaporate as water always needs time to collect the required heat of evaporation. - The control system of the vacuum sacar is controlled by sensors that measure the lamp temperature, the pressure present and the relative humidity at all relevant locations. On the basis of this data, an intermittent control system can then regulate the continuous evaporation. - The vacuum pump has a dual function. On the one hand, it ensures that a negative pressure is created in the heat evaporator, on the other hand, this vacuum pump converts the condensed liquid into the liquid vessel. Any other combination of gums (both air and liquid pumps) or compressors that can provide this two-way function can in principle be used. The discharge of the condensed liquid can also be done through a pressure cylinder, liquid vessel to the nebulizer compresses in the vacuum! to be able to evaporate, can be replaced by a pneumatic cylinder driven by electricity or pressure, - The vacuum pump can also be used to replace the pressure pump fe, if it is adapted to it, the input side then serves to create the vacuum and the output side for pumping to the nebulizer, In this siustie the function of the dirty reservoir is lost and is then replaced by a heating system around the inlet, - The custard reservoir contains an amount of water that is sufficient for a number of evaporation cycles, DR reservoir is equipped with a heating system to bring the 1st evaporating liquid to the correct evaporation temperature before evaporation. is - During the operational operation of the vacuum reactor, this heating system must ensure that any heat losses during the evaporation process are supplemented so that the evaporation temperature is maintained, = The circulation pump is connected to the cooling pipe and to the heating unit. Due to this connection, the colder water from the heat collector vessel is used in the circulation as a coolant. The cooling tube is thus always provided with a tempering tube below the dew point of the liquid. or water vapor - The vacuum actuator has a cold and a warm energy flow. This creates a temperature difference between zones. This difference can be increased by placing heat pipes at the heat vessel to increase the temperature and at the heat collector vessel to lower the temperature. - Provisions can be made in both the heat vessel and in the heat collector vessel to increase the temperature One possible way is to connect or replace both the heating vessel and the heat recovery vessel with a metal mass that can withstand higher temperatures. - Due to this considerable temperature difference! to create, it is possible to use a Peltier element for the production of electricity, Drawing 5 fig. a. - The heat difference between the two heat flows can also be used to drive a Stirling engine. Drawing 5 fig. b. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the adaptation that the heat trap 38 is not installed. As a result, the buffer function of the heat vessel is lost, so that the condensation heat of the condenser has to be discharged in a different way. - The condenser is supplied with running water that heats up in this way and can be used for heating purposes. 40 - The heat that the condenser now receives from the condensation heat is removed because heat is blown over the condenser by a fan, where this heated air becomes available for air heating or other processes in which heat can be used. - The heat that the condenser now receives from the condensation wars is discharged because the fan carries this warm air through to an Iuchh heat pump (or a variant thereof) which can therefore work very efficiently. - The heat that the condenser now receives from the condensation heat is removed by cooling the condenser with air and blowing the heated cough into the open ruin, iG Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the adaptation that the heating unit, except for the partition plate, is not installed. As a result, the evaporation heat used for the evaporation surface must be added differently. - The required heat can be added by passing a flow or air flow along this evaporation surface, so that the heat demand can be met. ding surface area with fins or similar additions. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the adaptation that the heat vessel of the vacuum reactor is provided with an energy multiplier consisting of a plurality of heat pipes. Heatpipes do not work exclusively on the heat present in Vipsi substances or metals, Heatpipes also work on ambient air, provided this ambient air has a sufficient temperature. The required temperature depends on the technical qualities of the heat pipes used. By also using heat from the environment (cough or other additional sources), the heat yield of a heatpipe is higher. ~ This ambient air can be fed in two ways. The first way is an open construction where the heatpipe uses ambient air with or without a fan to get enough air, Drawing &. fig. a. - This ambient heat can be obtained by mixing the heat from the heat vessel with this other source. - The water of the heat vessel has a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius. Since the usually used evaporating agent in the heatpipe starts to evaporate at a temperature between 15 and 23 degrees Celsius, there is now, through mixing, more evaporation temperature and evaporation heat available. - One method for this mixing is the installation of a water-air heat exchanger. Due to this construction, the majority of the evaporation heat used is taken from the outside air, Drawing 6. fig. b. 46 - The great advantage of the coupled installation (Vacuim reactor, heat exchanger, heat pipes and heat storage system) is that the necessary supply of heat for the heat pipes is guaranteed because the vacuum reactor is a constant heat source. - Nadsel is that the final result is partly dependent on the lemper control of the outside air, 45 «The beatpipes can transfer this heat to a heat storage system that is suitable for the storage. of large amounts of heat. 29 - Since the intended heat storage system is to be made in metal, the final temperature can be increased, = The PLC must monitor this multiplier system and, if necessary, adjust for overheating, - Such a multiplier system with heat pipes can also be stacked. » It is also possible to place the added heat storage system and to cool the heat plasters with ambient air or a flowing liquid, in order to use the recovered heat for heating. - The construction with heat pipes, fed by the extra ambient heat, can also be used for the use of Peltier slides and a Stirling engine The wind reactor, apparatus and method according to claim 1, characterized by the adaptation that a wind turbine is placed in the flow area of the ascending water vapor. As a result, this air flow, consisting of water vapor, is used to generate electricity. Drawing 4 Fig. b. is - if the wind turbine is to be used exclusively for the generation of segregation heat, the resulting condensation heat will have to be discharged. This can be done by installing an air fan that provides cooling or an external cooling source, electricity, the condensation heat can be used as imoer for the evaporation heat in the heat unit, - The cold for the cooling tube is now supplied by an air cooler, - The produced elekiricitait word? stored in the battery and passed on, - This facility creates a electricity generating machine that, after the initial start-up requirement, can largely meet its own energy needs, - It is necessary to place a manual GPS start setting in order to have the initial electricity available. - Be warmt unit can be maintained for safety. - Since there are also losses, a supply of external energy (heat and electricity) is probably always required. See drawing 7 for a schematic sketch, 30