NL1032476C1 - Space station, uses reflectors and rotating heat pipe system to convert solar radiation into kinetic energy for generating electricity and artificial gravity - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermodynamic energy conversion system is used to convert radiant energy (A) from the sun into kinetic energy for parts of the space station and the relative rotational movement between two parts is used to generate electricity. Artificial gravity (G) is generated in one of these parts. Radiant energy is collected using reflectors (1-3) and converted into kinetic energy using a rotating heat pipe system (4) as described in .

Description

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Space Station with generation of Electrical Energy as well as artificial Gravity.

5 Summary

Electromagnetic waves generated in the Space by stars / Sun or other spirits can be generated by means of applying parabolic, or Fresnel-type concentrating reflectors, high energy densities and high temperature yields to bodies located in the focal line of said parabolic or Fresnel-type reflectors. In order for certain thermo-dynamic cycle processes to function properly, in addition to the high-temperature concentrated energy source (so-called "heat-source"), a lower temperature heat-rejecting system is also required (so-called "heat-sink"). Radiation energy can again be delivered to the Space, which then has a longer wavelength compared to that of the incoming radiation. Since the radiation rejection system is in the "shadow" of the concentrating reflector system for the incoming radiation, there is no interference between incoming and rejected radiation. It is now possible to use certain reflector shapes, wherein the repulsed radiation has a direction which forms an angle with the direction of the incoming radiation, whereby a radiation pressure results, which allows movement of the space station over distance. makes. The radiation-repelling reflector system can optionally be made adjustable, or have adjustable parts, whereby a degree of control becomes possible. The thermo-dynamic process with an energy conversion from heat to mechanical energy takes place in a rotating cylindrical body, a so-called.n. rotating "heat-pipe", the diameter of which in the energy-absorbing area is larger than the diameter in the energy-repelling part. Extending over the length of this energy-repelling region, a conical reflector is desirable, to which e.g.

1032476 -2-adjustable reflector pieces can be mounted, which enable a certain control of the space station. Said thermo-dynamic cycle process, which is active between collected and repulsed radiation, provides for the driving of 3 mutually differently moving parts of said space station, wherein electrical energy is generated between 2 mutually differently moving parts. A suitable method and apparatus for obtaining said movements are described in a patent, which was obtained by the inventor in the United States on April 21, 1981, under patent number: 4,262,483. This patent is hereby incorporated as an important part of the technology of this invention.

The Equipment, in which the thermo-dynamic cycle process takes place, consists of a so-called.n. "Heat pipe", which rotates around the longitudinal axis. Said "heat-pipe" contains an internal turbine, which has a relative movement relative to.

15 mentioned "heat = pipe" and through which vapor of the cycle "medium" expands. Said "heat pipe" has a section which functions as a pump without moving parts. Said section consists of a narrowing conical throat, which extends axis-wise between a small and a larger diameter in the rotating "heat-pipe" system. The turbine axis 20 comes out via a so-called mechanical seal and drives two satellite transmissions there: (a) Transmission-1 causes a rotation angle difference between turbine and said heat pipe.

(b) Transmission-2 causes a rotation angular velocity difference between said turbine and the "composite structure", which consists of the parabolic, or Fresnel-type, radiation collector, as well as the radiation-rejection construction parts and the space between radiation collector and radiation-rejection construction parts, the outside of which can be cylindrical in shape. The angular velocity changes effected by both satellite transmissions differ significantly, resulting in a significant -3-angular velocity difference between said rotating 'heat pipe' and said 'composite structure' of said radiation collector, the radiation -repair reflector means and the space between them. The latter angular velocity difference enables the construction of an electric current generator between said rotating 'heat pipe' and said 'composite structure', which can provide said space between said radiation collector and said radiation-repulsion construction with electrical energy and also , due to rotation, causes artificial gravity ("gravity") 10 in the radial direction against the inner surface of the outside of said space between said radiation collector and said radiation rejection reflecting means.

Description 15 (a) Background

In the fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, in the United States, after rockets were first unmanned (designed by the 'Wemer von Braun' group) 20 and later, with capsules added, manned flights around the Earth and then around the Moon made possible a few space stations. NASA showed a number of designs in that period that resembled 'wheels', which could rotate and thus generate artificial gravity in radial direction, some conventional plant growth and 'life', etc. over an indefinite period of time within a space station and therefore allow human migration to space. In 2005 there is a space station that has not been completed and which offers few options in terms of design, which are far short of what was proposed in the period after the middle of the last century. The current space station is of poor design and is little more than a frame construction 30 that holds solar cell panels in place with little expansion planned.

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Artificial gravity and food production, which would allow the continuous stay in Space for a large number of people, without the need for expensive supply missions, are not planned. The design of the "shuttle" was also poorly chosen. Contemporary technology makes it possible to "fly" into space and return. The flights to Space, recently made with a design from B. Rutan, CA, USA, were a success and this success was achieved with relatively low development costs. The latter indicates that private initiatives will now make access to Space 10 possible. The inventor has advanced equipment design in which weightlessness is generated with the 'zero point' energy (ZPE) as energy source. Patent applications concerning systems in which or with which weightlessness is generated are originating.

15 (b) Technology

Thermodynamic processes are possible if there is both an energy source and an energy drain. The energy obtained by a thermo-dynamic process is gross equal to the difference: energy supply minus energy discharge.

Thermodynamic processes are often of the type: cycle process, with vapor and liquid phases, compression / pressurization and expansion as process components. Turning cycles on the right provide energy, while turning cycles on the left costs energy. The process of this invention provides energy (turning right). Process sequence: (film) evaporating, expanding, condensing and pressurizing the liquid. The thermo-dynamic process that forms part of this invention is, as described in Inventor's U.S. Patent No. 4,262,483, issued April 21, 1981. NB This patent relates to applications on Earth and has parts that differ from the description of this invention.

30 (bl) Translation of US Patent No. 4,262,483 -5-

Abstract

An energy (movement) generator on solar energy, which consists of a rotating so-called.n. "Heat-pipe", in which a pipe is accommodated concentrically, whereby an annular space is created. The tube is attached at one end to the "heat pipe" by means of stator blades, which are part of a turbine. The "heat pipe" has a relatively large diameter evaporation section and a small diameter condensation section, which are placed apart from each other. The tube extends into the entrance of the condensation section and liquid is pumped to the evaporation chamber 10 through an annular 'throat', the cross-section of which is tapered. This centrifugal pump section forms the connection between the two sections of the heat pipe. ". The turbine rotor is connected via a transmission to the "heat pipe" so that both rotate.

Technical area.

The present invention relates to equipment that converts heat, and specially concentrated solar radiation, into rotating motion energy, which e.g. enables the production of electrical energy.

Background.

A substantial number of methods / equipment are known which pursue said purpose, but the equipment of this invention achieves a particularly high conversion efficiency, while the construction is simple.

Description of the invention.

In accordance with this invention: A solar-driven rotating heat-pipe movement-energy generator system, comprising: a heat-pipe with concentrically a tube creating an annular space between the latter two, in which evaporation takes place; the pipe being connected at one end to the "heat pipe" by means of stator blades, which are part of a turbine. The heat pipe has a relatively large diameter in the evaporation section of the system (it is desirable that a transparent enclosure is located around the part of the heat pipe in which said evaporation takes place) and a relatively small diameter in the condensation section, which is spaced from said evaporation section. Said tube extends the entire length of the evaporation section and continues into the condensation section; this tube has a larger diameter section at the location of the connection between said evaporation and condensation sections, thereby forming an annular "throat" with a narrowing annulus section in the direction of the evaporation section, which serves as a centrifugal pump.

There is a degree of taper in the 'heat-pipe' in both said sections, which ensures the transport of the liquid in the direction of said turbine, so that in the condensation section the liquid moves to the 'throat' as result of the centrifugal action due to the rotation of said heat pipe and said concentric tube. This creates a pressure "seal" (vapor in the evaporation section cannot leak back due to the "throat" construction)

"Film" evaporation takes place in the evaporation section. Furthermore, there are means for heating the evaporation section of the heat pipe (in this case reflector means) and means for decreasing the movement energy of the rotor shaft to which the rotor blades are mounted. The choice of the evaporating liquid depends on the temperature level that is normally achieved in the evaporating section. Preferred choices are: mercury, toluene, thennex (a diphenyl-diphenyl oxide) eutectic mixture. At very low operating temperatures, ammonia could be useful:

An important aspect with regard to the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy is the fact that not only heat must be supplied to the thermo-dynamic conversion equipment, but that heat must also be removed and the cooling requirements are certainly as difficult as the acquisition. of the heat.

In this invention, the "heat pipe" rotates, which significantly aids the removal of heat from the condensation section. The construction of cooling fins moving through the cooling medium increases the dissipation of heat away from the condenser environment. Air is normally the cooling medium. The hot air produced can be useful for many purposes, e.g. for heating living and storage areas. The cooling fin structure may optionally have a spiral shape 5 and may be located within a tubular housing, where they may serve as a pump / fan for the heated cooling medium. The equipment can also be used in the Space where a suitable cooling medium can be used, e.g. ammonia. A conical radiation discharge shield, which has an angle of approximately 45 ° ta.v. the center line of the capacitor with its opening directed away from the evaporation section can be used for this. Wires (in the form of a metal sponge) can be arranged against the inner wall of the condenser (as condensation cores) to improve the condensation and for transporting condensate to the inner wall by means of the centrifugal action.

The invention and its details are clarified in the accompanying drawings which represent a presently preferred construction.

Figure description.

Figure 1 is a reduced-scale view of the "heat pipe" in relation to a reflector, which concentrates solar radiation on the evaporation section of the "heat pipe".

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the "heat pipe" which shows the structure. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of Figure 2, showing the planetary transmission, which allows the heat pipe in one direction, while the turbine with its kinetic energy-providing axis, 25 rotates in the other direction. This system determines the transfer between the "heat pipe" and the turbine axis.

With reference to Figure 1, number (10), a reflector, with "heat pipe" (11), which is mounted in the focus of (10); the "heat pipe" has an evaporation section (13) placed within reflector (10) and has a condensation section (14). The diameter of the evaporation section (13) is relatively small compared to the "arc" -8- over which the reflector extends, in order to obtain sufficient concentration of the solar radiation. Reflector (10) has side panels (15) and (16), which support the rotation bearings of "heat pipe" (11); the axis with the kinetic energy extends through the panel (15). The evaporation section (13) has a cylindrical "glass" housing to minimize convective losses. The flow of cooling air through the cooling fins (19) attached to the condensation section (14) is shown by arrows "A". As shown here, the free end of the "heat pipe" is mounted in panel (20), which helps to define the air flow.

10 The overall operation is simple. Radiant energy is concentrated on the evaporation section (13), in which the liquid evaporates, which provides vapor pressure under pressure to drive the turbine mounted on shaft (17). After expansion, the vapor moves (through the tube) to capacitor (14) where it condenses and from where it is transported back to (via "throat") evaporator (13). "Heat-pipe" 15 (11) rotates and thus cooling fins (19) also, which helps with cooling.

With regard to Figure 2 the 'rotating' solar-powered heat-pipe generator will now be described: the medium is in liquid form against the inner wall of condensation section (14) of 'heat-pipe' (11) . Inner wall (21) is tapered outward in the direction of the turbine, whereby the rotation of (11) causes the condensate to transport in the direction towards the turbine. The liquid is pumped via means to be discussed below, to evaporation section (13), the inner wall of which is represented by (22). This inner wall is also tapered and widened in the direction of the turbine, so that the liquid moves in film form in the direction of the turbine. Film evaporation significantly increases the heat exchange coefficient, which means improved evaporation. The evaporation section is placed within a glass tubular housing, as mentioned above. Tube (23) is concentrically inside (13) and extends over the entire length of the evaporation section (13) into the entrance (24) of the condensation section (14). This portion of tube (23) is indicated by (25) and the liquid from (14) comes together in the annular space between (24) and (25) of tube (23). Tube (23) and the evaporation section (13) form an annular space (26) and evaporation fills this space and the vapor moves longitudinally to the turbine; the other end of this space is closed at 5 location (45). Tube (23) rotates together with "heat pipe" (11). At the turbine end, the stator blades (27) form the connection between (23) and (11). Furthermore, rod members (28) keep tube (23) fixed within (11). It has been noted here that the turbine could also be mounted within tube (23), but it is better to have the turbine in the annular space (26) (larger diam. + More blades). The turbine is completed by rotor (30) with rotor blades (31), right next to the stator blades (27). It should be noted that the stator blades (27) rotate, however, the rotor blades (31) rotate much faster and the stator blades do not move relative to "heat pipe" (11). The movement of the vapor is reversed in rotor element (30) and continues through (23) to the low pressure condensing section (14), which is cooled in order to prevent backflow from (26) to (14). there is the need to pump up the liquid to the higher pressure in (13) and this is achieved by centrifugal action: the liquid film against the inner wall (21) in (14) moves towards and comes together in the annulus between (24) and (25). The diameter of (14) is smaller than that of the inner wall of (13) and the change in size provides for a 'throat' (32) and an enlarged portion (33) in tube (23) and a tapered annulus where evaporation and condensation section approach each other. The annular "throat" (32) narrows to its outlet, which causes a reservoir of fluid inside (32). The liquid in the "throat" is hurled around and a larger taper angle (about 45 °) provides the desired centrifugal pump action, which is needed to overcome the pressure within the evaporation space (26). It is noted that the desired pumping action is achieved by the rotation of (11) and without relative movement relative to other nearby components. There is relative movement Lo.v. the enclosing glass housing, through which bearings can be applied between these two parts to support the "heat pipe".

With regard to the turbine end construction, as shown in Figure 2 -10- and considering the planetary transmission system, as in Figure 3: rotor (30) is mounted on shaft (17) and this shaft has a mechanical seal * bearing (41) in the closed end (40) of heat pipe (11). Shaft (17) has a "sun gear" 5 (42); the planet wheels (43) mounted against panel (15) fit in 'sun' gear (42) on one side and on the other side in the ring toothing (44), which is attached to an extension of "heat pipe" (11). Thus rotor (30) rotates in one direction and "heat pipe" (11) slower in the opposite direction. In operation: vapor condenses against (21) and condensate flows due to centrifugal action in the direction of the turbine on the outside of (25). The liquid collects in (32) and is centrifugally pumped to space (26), where a film is formed against (22) and where it evaporates due to heat supplied by reflector (10); the vapor passes through stators (27) and gives impulse to rotor blades (31) and rotor (30), as well as shaft (17). The vapor, now reduced in pressure, is drawn through (23) to condenser end (14), where the cooling fins (19) are connected to (11) and rotate and provide the desired cooling as such. The rotation of (17) also provides for the rotation of (11) via (42), (43) and ring-toothing (44).

Mercury (Hg) is a unique suitable medium for this process. Hg has a low evaporation heat and a small volume of liquid Hg evaporates to a large volume. Hg is liquid at room temperature, easy to condense and boils at just 357 ° C, at atmospheric pressure. Heat dissipation and supply are also easy due to the high conductivity. Other media can be used for this process, such as toluene, ammonia, bromine, or one of the fluorohydrocarbones; the properties of Hg justify the additional costs. The choice of vaporizable medium also depends on the ambient conditions; this differs with climate and altitude. Using Hg, subject to the presence of sufficient radiation and its concentration, could produce an overall efficiency of 20 - 27%.

1032476

Claims (15)

A System and Apparatus, a compound constituting a space station 5, consisting of a thermo-dynamic energy conversion system, which converts radiative energy into kinetic energy from and between parts of said space station, thereby converting electrical energy obtained from the relative movement between two parts and wherein artificial gravity is generated in one of the parts. 10 A rotating "heat-pipe" energy generator powered by solar radiation, which contains a liquid, which produces a relatively large volume of vapor, if it evaporates, consisting of: a so-called.n. "Heat pipe", a pipe placed concentrically therein, fixed to said "heat pipe", thereby forming an annular evaporation space between the two; said tube having stator blades fixed thereto, a rotor with rotor blades, which is placed at one end of said "heat pipe"; the other end of said "heat pipe" having a condensation section of relatively small diameter, far removed from said rotor; said concentrically fixed tube extending from said rotor into the entrance portion of said condensation section, wherein an enlarged diameter portion of said tube, at the location of the connection between said evaporation section and said condensation section, an annular "throat" with a narrowing but larger diameter annulus, viewed in the direction of said rotor, forms said "throat" and annulus providing a centrifugal pumping action; displaying said heat-pipe taper in both said sections with their opening in the direction of said rotor, so that the condensed liquid in said condensation section moves (spirally) towards and through said 'throat', likewise moving in said evaporation section, where film evaporation takes place; means for heating said evaporation section of said "heat pipe" and means for taking movement energy from the shaft, which said rotor has mounted thereto. A System and Apparatus, as in claim (1), wherein said radiative energy is supplied and concentrated by means of. reflector means. A rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said evaporation section of said "heat pipe" is disposed within a transparent enclosure. 30 032476 -12- A System and Apparatus, as in claim (2), wherein said reflector means comprises a parabolic "trough" or "bowl" shaped (paraboloid) reflector. A rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said reflector means are provided for concentrating solar radiation on said evaporation section of said "heat pipe". 5 A System and Apparatus, as claimed in claim (2), wherein said reflector means are of the "Fresnel" type and as such composed of a number of reflector parts. A rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said vaporizable medium is mercury. A System and Apparatus, as in claims (1) and (2), wherein said radiative incoming energy is converted into kinetic energy by means of. a so-called.n. rotating heat pipe system, as described in inventors US Patent, No. 4,262,483, together with all claims mentioned therein, with the exception of claim 7, which are hereby incorporated as claims: subclaim (5). The ratio between the angular velocities of the rotating 'heat pipe' and of the turbine is fixed, being the quotient of: the number of teeth on the 'sun' gear with the number of teeth of the internal toothing externally attached to the heat -pipe: - = - eoh nrYes, The angular acceleration ratio between 'reflectors + space between them' and the 10 'heat pipe' is: = -A ± 1 = .11'yVh. (/ n '= 0) The drive of the electric generator, which has fixed magnets attached to the' heat pipe 'and whose' windings, or coils' lie against the 'reflectors with space in between' construction, causes a resistance to the mutual rotation and therefore tangential forces on all gears (sun and planetary), as well as a force on the inner teeth. On the circumference of the planet, these forces are equal on the planet. However, the moments associated with these forces relative to the axis of the turbine axis, which is the axis of the entire system, are unequal (unequal arms). There is therefore a resulting moment between the "reflectors + space between them" and the interconnected rotating turbine and "heat pipe". Depending on the sum of the moments of inertia of the turbine and "heat pipe" compared to the moment of inertia of the "reflectors + space between them", angular accelerations and therefore angular speeds will be set. If the low mass reflectors (use of extremely low mass materials) are constructed and a substantial mass is given to the heat pipe and turbine, there will indeed be a noticeable rotational speed for the reflectors with space between them. ' Set up. The result is that a degree of artificial gravity sets itself against the cylindrical circumference of the "space between the reflectors". For plant growth, there is (a) illumination, (b) a local atmosphere, (c) irrigation, which becomes easy due to the artificial gravity. The illumination enters through an enveloping reflector, which is conically bent, (the radiation in the space) at the Earth is strong 1, AkW / m2 so that relatively small reflector area will suffice). A "degree" (much lower than pressure on Earth's surface) of atmosphere is possibly possible by e.g. to introduce a gas mixture within a transparent inflatable semi-cylindrical tube. Filling the entire space between the reflectors will be impractical due to leakage hazards. All other functions of the space station can also take place from this space between the reflectors. Figure description. The Figures: 1,2 and 3 belong to the description of the inventors US Patent No. 4,262,483. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through the assembled construction of this space station, in which the radiation-collecting reflector is indicated by (1), the radiation-repelling reflector by (2), the useful space between said reflectors by (3) and the rotating heat pipe, which converts radiant energy into moving and electrical energy, with (4). The incoming radiation is indicated by (A); the repulsed radiation with (B); the emitted radiation again (for control possibility) with (C); the artificial gravity and direction thereof with (G); radiation pressure on paraboloidal collector with (SD,); radiation back pressure on a conical reject reflector with (SD 2) and radiation pressure against a control panel 25 with (SD3). The magnitude of the radiation pressure is extremely small. This is represented - S given by Fs = - (1 + σ), where: S is the Poynting vector, c is speed of light, c σ is reflectivity In the Space close to Earth, the energy flux of the Sun is, 5 = 1.4 kW lm2 and therefore the force Fs = 4.5 ...... 9x10 ^ N / m2 (absorption ..... reflection) -16- (Example: a collector of 100 / π diameter heals an Fs »4x10“ 2 N thereafter, which at a space station of 50,000 kg mass an acceleration of: a - 8xl0'7m / sec2 and after 10 years a speed of: 87,600χ3,600χ8χ10'7 «252 5 mi sec = 908 km ! The latter has meaning!) The differences with the implementation of the technology, as stated in US Patent No. 4,262,493, are: (a) the condensation section of (4) is significantly longer, (the length of reflector (2) )) and has no cooling fins, (b) instead of a parabolic 'trough' radiation collector, an approximately parabolic 'dish' / 'bowl' radiation collector is used, which has a focal line the length of the rotating heat sink. p ipe ’(in the evaporation section) (4). The movable panels (5) are connected to the radiation-rejection collector (2) via hinges (13). Four of these panels can optionally be applied, making a degree of control possible. The cylindrical canceller reflector (6) has a concave reflector surface for spreading the exposure in space (3). The electrical energy generator is indicated by (7) and the planetary transmission, which controls the mutual movements of the three main parts of the space station, is (8). The transparent covering of "heat pipe" (4) is indicated by (9). (10 ") indicates the" throat "with centrifugal pump action. (1Γ) are walking paths which are arranged on the inside 20 against the cylindrical circumference of space (3); plants are indicated by (12). The hinge constructions (13 ') connect panels (5) with the radiation-repelling reflector (2); the transparent panels in the circumference of room (3) are indicated by (14 ’). Figure 5 shows the planetary transmission; the vectors: Kx and K2 represent the tangential forces exerted on the planet gears. There: rx <r2 and Kx = K2, there is therefore a resulting moment: K (r2 -rx) between the construction of the "reflectors with the space between them" and the turbine. Indications: "sun" wheel is (15); the planet wheels are (16 ") and the inner-toothing which is connected to the circumference of the" heat pipe "is (17"). (18 ’) is the transparent cover. W is resistance (tangential) of the electric generator. Conclusions. 5. A rotating heat pipe, as in claim (1), wherein the stator blades of said turbine are placed and fixed "over" said annular evaporation chamber, thereby holding said tube fixed with respect to said "heat pipe". pipe '. A System and Apparatus, as in claims (1), (2) and (5), wherein said condensation section of said rotating heat pipe is extended to increase the radiation repellent surface. 6. A rotating "heat-pipe", as in claim (1), wherein the rotor of said turbine drives a "sun" gear, which indirectly by means of a planetary transmission, which is connected to a panel that is part of said reflector, drives said "heat pipe". The System and Apparatus, as in claims (1), (2), ($) and (6), wherein to said extended condensation section, surfaces are attached which form a fully conductive part of said condensation section surface to increase the radiation repellent surface. 7. A rotating "heat-pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said condenser section has cooling ribs on the outside. 8. A system of apparatus, as in claims (1), (2), (5), (6) ra (7), in which reflector means are arranged concentrically to said condensation section to repel the radiation that results from from said condensation section with any surfaces conductively attached thereto A rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said vaporizable medium is toluene. 9. The System and Apparatus, as in claim (8), wherein said reflector means are of conical, or approximately conical, shape. A rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said vaporizable medium is a diphenyl-diphenyl eutectic mixture. 10. a rotating "heat pipe" as in claim (1), wherein said vaporizable medium is ammonia. 30 -13- (b2) Technology for application in Space. The technology of this invention has the following purposes: (a) Generation of electricity for the space station (b) Generation of heat for heating of residences (c) Generation of artificial gravity, although less than on Earth. (d) Possibilities for movement and control of the space station by means of radiation pressure. 10. A System with Devices. as in claims (8) ra (9), wherein on said reflector means panels are hinged and adjustable, tra end d-m.v. to make use of radiation pressure and degree of control of said space station. FIG. 4 shows a non-detailed cross-section of a preferred embodiment of the space station of the present invention. This longitudinal section is in the direction of the incoming radiation, with which the space station must be aligned for maximum energy collection. The starting point is: (a) a parabolic 'dish' / 'bowl' collector (paraboloid) (unlike in US Patent: 4,262,483, from the inventor, where a parabolic 'trough' collector is proposed) (b) a conical radiation repulsion reflector with control panels attached to it. (c) a rotating "heat pipe" movement and electric energy generator with an extended condensation section without cooling medium around it. Brief indication: A: incoming (solar) radiation; B: repelled radiation; C: 20 again repulsed radiation (for control possibility), G: artificial gravity and direction thereof. The movement of the components of the space station relative to each other: Figure 5, shows the planetary transmission system and the tangential forces. (1) The planet gears are connected with their axes to the overall structure of said reflectors with the space between them. (2) The rotating "heat pipe" has an external internal toothing, which runs around the planet gears. (3) The "sun" gear is mounted on the turbine shaft. The teeth determine the relative relative angular speeds. It is interesting how the rotations themselves and with respect to the space will adjust. -14- Whether parts of the space station are moving is a matter of relative movements. These are v.n.l. determined by the proportions of the mutual moments of inertia: I = jmf ^ r2 11. A System and Apparatus, as in any of the preceding claims, and subject to the application of radiation repelling means as stated in claim (8), wherein the space between the rear sides of said radiation collecting reflector means repels ra from said radiation reflector means is sealed with a cylindrical surface that is concentric with the center line of said space etation. 12. Era System ra Appamtures, as in claim (11), wherein said cylinder-shaped surface is largely transparent, so that radiation can be let in into the space between the rear sides of said reflector means, which e.g. makes plant growth possible. A System and Apparatus, as in any of the preceding claims, wherein reflector means are provided concentrically and externally of said cytinder-shaped surface which have a concave surface to effect dispersion of the incoming radiation, thereby said space between said rear sides of said reflector means can be exposed in its entirety. 14. A System and Apparatus, as in any of the preceding claims, wherein a degree of artificial gravity, which manifests itself in radial direction against the inside of said cylindrical surface, is achieved, also as a result of the structural choice of : relatively high moments of inertia for said turbine, as well as for said heat pipe, compared to. a relatively low inertia moment for the composite structure of said radiation collecting and radiation repelling reflector means with said enclosed space therebetween. 20 A System and Apparatus, as in any of the preceding claims, wherein permanent magnets are arranged against the outside of said heat-pipe conditioning section and where windings / wire coils are concentrically arranged against the radiation 25 reflector means, thereby constituting an electric energy generator, as a result of the relative movement between said 'heat pipe' and the 'reflectors with said space between them' construction. 1032476