MXPA99003994A - Method for the elaboration of regular and irregular sections starting from recycled paper and/or cardboard and resultant products, and process to fabricate reinforced and non-reinforced platforms, using said sections - Google Patents

Abstract

Se describe un método para elaborar secciones o piezas regulares e irregulares a partir de papel y/o cartón reciclados y dichas piezas. Dicho método consiste en:colectar papel y/o cartón de desecho y hacerlos pasar a través de una trituradora para obtener pequeños trozos o partes totalmente irregulares;posteriormente,introducir dichos pequeños trozos y partes totalmente irregulares a una mezcladora en donde estos se combinan con adhesivo,obteniéndose una mezcla homogénea;a continuación, depositar dicha mezcla en bandas transportadoras o similares,para transferirla a una serie de prensas;comprimir en dichas prensas la mezcla junto con hojas de cartón sólido;y después, hacer pasar dicha mezcla ya comprimida a través de sierras,guillotinas o similares,para obtener diferentes secciones o piezas de tamaños y dimensiones deseados,tales como el tablero 1 constituido por la mezcla homogénea 2 compactada, y seis hojas de cartón sólido 3 y 4 cubren dicha mezcla;el tablero 5 constituido por la mezcla homogénea 2 comprimida con una malla metálica de refuerzo 6 y seis hojas de cartón sólido 3 y 4 que cubren dicha mezcla:el núcleo 7 constituido por la mezcla homogénea 2 y una hoja de cartón sólido 3, que cubre dicha mezcla;el polín ligero 8 constituido por la mezcla homogénea 2 y seis hojas de cartón sólido 9 y 10 que cubren dicha mezcla;y el polín reforzado 11 alargado constituido por la mezcla homogénea comprimida con una varilla metálica trenzada 12 y seis hojas de cartón sólido 9 y 10 que cubren dicha mezcla. Asimismo, se describen un proceso para la fabricación de diferentes estructuras y dichas estructuras. Dicho proceso consiste en utilizar los tableros 1,5, el núcleo 7, y los polines 8 y 11,según se requiera, y ensamblar los mismos para obtener la multiplicidad de diferentes estructuras, tales como, la plataforma de carga 13 con núcleos, y la plataforma de carga 16 con polines, etc.

Description

METHOD FOR THE ELABORATION OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR SECTIONS FROM PAPER AND / OR PAPERBOARD RECYCLED AND RESULTING PRODUCTS, AND PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE, USING SUCH SECTIONS, REINFORCED AND NON-REINFORCED STAIRS, FURNITURE, PLANTS AND SIMILAR, AND STRUCTURES PRODUCED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention consists of a method for using various types of paper and / or cardboard such as, for example, the so-called kraft and semi-kraft type. to make panels, boards, cores, splints, skids and the like. Said method consists of passing large quantities of paper and / or cardboard through a shredder, to obtain small pieces or totally irregular parts of paper and / or cardboard; introduce the small pieces or totally irregular parts of paper and / or cardboard obtained from the crusher, to a mixer where these are combined with adhesive material to provide a homogeneous mixture; then, placing said homogeneous mixture in conveyor belts or transfer tanks, to transport or transfer said homogenous mixture to a series of presses; compressing said homogenous mixture with sheets of solid cardboard in said presses, being able to add in this step, if greater resistance is needed, small rods or metallic meshes; and finally, configure and size the homogeneous mixture with the sheets of compressed solid cardboard, by means of saws or guillotines, to obtain sections or pieces of desired shapes and dimensions, such as light or reinforced boards, light or reinforced skids, cores, etc. Likewise, this invention contemplates a process for manufacturing, using the sections or pieces obtained by said aforementioned method, among others, loading pallets with skids, loading pallets with cores, boxes, loading bases, exhihidores, walls, conveyor trays, furniture, etc., which are highly resistant to loads, stresses, atmospheric conditions, etc., to which they are subjected both at rest and in use. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods for obtaining load-bearing devices and, more particularly, to a method for the manufacture of boards, skids, cores and the like, from scrap paper and cardboard, and with a process for the construction of structures, such as reinforced and unreinforced loading pallets, load bases, displays, false walls, conveyor trays, etc., using said boards, skids, cores, etc. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Nowadays there is the use of wood of different dimensions, which are moved by means of rolls, to transport very heavy loads, for example, machines, from a factory to a cargo truck or to another place in the Where these machines are used. There are also platforms made of metal, wood, which are very heavy and difficult to handle. In addition, when you want to transport delicate loads which require special care and are packaged in wooden boxes, the latter are extremely expensive, since in most cases these boxes are not returned for re-use. Likewise, there are methods of manufacturing corrugated cardboard platforms to transport various articles, whose platforms have cylindrical or sliding tubular supports, through drilling rollers and cores, to produce bending lines. In addition there are products of bent wood and processed cardboard, such is the case of the invention of the US patent No. 5,265,561; corrugated cardboard platforms, such as those claimed in US Pat. No. 5,129,329, etc.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION A first objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing light or reinforced sections or pieces such as boards, cores, skids, etc., which are extremely resistant to both atmospheric conditions and loads. that support, from recycled paper and car-ton. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing, using light or reinforced sections or pieces, structures such as re-enforced and unreinforced pallets, unit boxes, loading bases, displays, false walls, falsework, etc. Still another object of the present invention is to provide boards for constructing furniture, body souls, cardboard profiles, etc., which are resistant and can be decorated and painted, as desired. Finally, another objective is to provide sections or pieces of regular and irregular shapes and sizes to configure also regular and irregular products. Taking into consideration each and every one of the disadvantages of the prior art and the cited objectives and many more not mentioned, the inventor of the present application carried out a multiplicity of studies, experiments and tests that led him to develop both a method for the manufacture of sections or pieces such as boards, po-lines, cores, etc., from recycled paper and / or cardboard, as a process to produce structures such as reinforced and unreinforced platforms for loading, unit boxes, exhibitors, booksellers, temporary structures, furniture, etc., using such boards, rollers, cores, etc. Said method and said process and its products overcome all the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a multiplicity of advantages, this being of great importance in the part of the engineering where this invention is comprised. The method to make sections or pieces such as boards, polynes, cores, etc. from waste paper and / or cardboard of the present invention, consists of joining paper and / or cardboard, for example, of those known as kraft or semi-kraft, to make small pieces or totally irregular parts, passing said paper and / or cardboard through a shredder; subsequently, the small pieces or totally irregular parts of paper and / or cardboard are introduced to a mixer where they are combined with adhesive, providing a homogeneous mixture that is then deposited on conveyor belts or the like, which they transfer to said homogeneous mixture to a series of presses where it is compressed together with sheets of solid cardboard; subsequently, said homogeneous mixture already compressed is dimensioned and configured in different shapes and sizes by means of saws or guillotines, thus obtaining sections or cylindrical, rectangular, square, irregular pieces, etc. In some cases and depending on the resistance to the load to which these irregular or regular sections or pieces are going to be subjected, we proceed to intercalate or introduce in the compression step, in the homogeneous mixture small braided metal rods or metal meshes, as a soul for the structures that they wish to form. With the pieces obtained according to the method of the present invention, both industrial and commercial products, such as loading pallets, unit boxes, load bases, displays, false walls, conveyor trays, can be produced by the process also of this application. , bookshelves, container boxes, loading bars, cardboard profiles, body souls, temporary structure, furniture, stairs, beams, structures for falsework, etc. Regarding loading pallets with cores, these can be reinforced or not, depending on the use thereof, to be structurally stable * for example, for transportation of light or heavy materials; said loading pallets are manufactured, each one, using a base or board and a structurally compressed board or board and / or solid board, reinforced or not, as required, made according to the aforementioned method, the base and the lid they are joined by compressed structural cardboard and / or paper cores, also made by the uiticitado method, said cores are placed between the internal surfaces of the base and lid, and adhere to them by adhesive, forming this mode a solid and very resistant load platform, which can be covered with solid cardboard with adhesive and waterproofing substances to protect it from moisture, also said platform can be painted in any color and include in the same decorations, signs, etc. In the case of pallets with skids, these are produced, each one, using a board and at least two skids which are placed under the board and adhere to it, with adhesive, leaving said skids arranged in parallel between Yes, to provide greater consistency. The sections or pieces obtained according to the method of this invention, can have any sizes, whether large, small, medium, and, in the case of boards, quadrangular, rectangular, elliptical, triangular or irregular, in the case of cylindrical, elliptical and irregular nuclei, and in the case of rectangular, quadrangular polynes, being able to produce with the process also of this request, by means of these boards, polynes and cores, large, small, medium, irregular structures, etc. such as furniture of different dimensions, quadrangular, rectangular, cylindrical container boxes, cargo grilles of different configurations and sizes, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to give a better understanding of the present invention, a detailed description thereof is given below together with the accompanying drawings, and in which: Figure 1 is a conventional perspective view of a light board manufactured by the method of the pre-senté invention; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the board of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a conventional perspective view of a reinforced board manufactured by the method of the present invention; Figure 4 is a conventional exploded perspective view of the board of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a conventional top perspective view of a core fabricated by the pre-sited invention method; Figure 6 is a top view of said core of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a front view of the core of Figure 5; Figure 8 is a conventional exploded perspective view of the core of Figure 5; Figure 9 is a conventional perspective view of a lightweight pad manufactured by the method of the present invention; Figure 10 is a conventional exploded perspective view of the lightweight of Figure 9; Figure 11 is a conventional perspective view of a reinforced polymer fabricated by the method of the present invention; Figure 12 is a conventional exploded perspective view of the reinforced poline of Figure 11; Figure 13 is a conventional perspective view of a loading platform with cores manufactured by the process of the present invention; Figure 14 is a top perspective exploded view of the platform of Figure 13; Figure 15 is another conventional exploded perspective view of the platform of Figure 13; Figure 16 is a conventional perspective view of a pallet loading platform manufactured by the process of the present invention; and Figure 17 is a conventional exploded perspective view of the platform of Figure 16. PREFERRED MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION The method for making sections or pieces such as boards, skids, cores, etc. from recycled paper and / or cardboard, of the present invention, in the preferred embodiment, consists of: collecting recycled kraft or semi-kraft paper and / or cardboard and passing said paper and / or cardboard through a shredder to obtain small pieces or completely irregular parts of paper and / or cardboard; subsequently, introducing said small pieces and totally irregular parts of cardboard and / or paper into a mixer where these are combined with adhesive, resulting in a homogenous mixture; then depositing said homogeneous mixture on conveyor belts or transfer tanks for transfer to a series of presses; compress in such presses the homogeneous mixture together with sheets of solid cardboard; and then, to pass said homogeneous mixture already compressed through saws or guillotines to obtain different sections or pieces of desired sizes and dimensions. The sections or pieces obtained by the aforementioned method can be, among others, the light board 1 of figure 1, which is constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 compacted, configured and sized as a rectangular body, two sheets of solid cardboard 3 upper and lower rectangular, and four sheets also of solid cardboard 4 rectangular side, figure 2; said rectanguiding body being of homogenous mixture 2 covered by its upper and lower surfaces and its lateral sides by the six sheets of solid cardboard 3 and 4 upper, lower and lateral, respectively, which are adhered to said rectangular body, by means of adhesive , Figure 1; and the board 5 which is re-forced, illustrated in figure 3, and which is constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 compressed as a rectangular body, with a reinforcing metal grid 6 also rectangular, interspersed in said homogeneous mixture 2 in step of compression, two sheets of solid cardboard 3 upper and lower rectangular, and four sheets also of solid cardboard 4 rectangular side, figure 4, said rectangular body of homogeneous mixture 2 being reinforced covered both by its upper and lower surfaces and by its lateral sides by the six sheets of solid cardboard 3 and 4 upper, lower and lateral, respectively, which are fixed to said rectangular body, by means of adhesive, figure 3. Also by means of said method are obtained: the core 7 of figure 5, which is a hollow cylindrical body and which is constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 and a solid cardboard sheet 3, figure 8. said homogeneous mixture 2 conforms to a central cylindrical tube (not shown), which is extracted after said homogeneous mixture 2 is compressed, then said cylindrical body is coated with the solid cardboard sheet 3, which adheres thereto by means of adhesive, figures 5 , 6 and 7; the lightweight polymer 8 of figure 9, which is elongated and which is constituted by a rectangular body of the homogeneous mixture 2 compressed, four sheets of solid cardboard 9 rectangular upper, lower and lateral and two sheets also of solid cardboard 10 quadrangular ends res, Figure 10, said rectangular body being coated both by its upper, lower and lateral surfaces and by its end portions by the six sheets of solid cardboard 9 and 10 upper, lower, lateral and extreme, respectively, which are attached thereto. by adhesive, figure 9; and the reinforced jacket 11 of figure 11, which is elongated and which is constituted by a rectangular body of the homogeneous mixture 2 compressed with an elongated braided metal rod 12 which is inserted therein, in the compression step, four sheets of solid cardboard 9 rectangular top, bottom and sides and two sheets also of solid cardboard 10 quadrangular ends, figure 12, said rectangular body of homogeneous mixture 2 being reinforced coated both by its upper, lower and lateral surfaces and by its end portions by the six sheets of solid cardboard 9 and 10 upper, lower, lateral and extreme, respectively, which adhere to it by adhesive, figure 11. The process for the manufacture of different structures of the present invention, consists of using the board lightweight 1, the reinforced board 5, the core 7, the lightweight sheet 8 and the reinforced sheet 11, made by the method of this application, for obtaining a multiplicity of different structures, such as, for example, the loading platform 13 with cores, of figure 13, which is extremely resistant to the load applied to it and to the climatic conditions of the site where employ said loading platform 13 is constructed using two boards 1 or 5 as required, upper as a cover and lower as a base, and nine cores 7 as supports. In said tabs 1 or 5, nine circular recesses 14 are made on the inner surface of each one, in which an adhesive 15, figures 14 and 15 are placed and then inserted and adjusted in each of them. the recesses 14 of the lower tablerq 1 or 5, a core 7 which is arranged vertically and is adhered by its lower end to said lower board 1 or 5, then the upper board 1 or 5 is placed on its recessed surface , on the upper ends of said cores 7, making the recesses 14 of said upper board 1 or 5 coincide with the upper ends of said cores 7 and, finally, sufficient pressure is exerted above the upper surface of the board 1 or 5 top or lid, in order that said cores 7 are perfectly adhered in solid form to both the lower board 1 or 5 as the board 1 or 5 above, thus forming the loading platform 13 with numbers. Also by means of said process, the loading platform 16 with skids, of figure 16, is obtained, which is constructed with a board 1 or 5 and three skids 8 or 11, as required; said rollers 8 or 11, are adhered with adhesive on their upper surface to the lower surface of said board 1 6 5, in such a way that these three rollers 8 or 11, are located in parallel and equidistant from each other, forming This mode said loading platform 16 with skids, which is very strong and durable. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a multiplicity of changes and modifications of this invention can be made, without deviating from or departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims:

Claims (3)

1. R E I V I N D I C T I O N S 1.- A method to make sections or pieces such as boards, skids, cores, etc. from recycled paper and / or cardboard, which consists of: collecting recycled paper and / or cardboard; passing said recycled paper and / or cardboard collected through a shredder to obtain small pieces or totally irregular parts of paper and / or cardboard; subsequently, introducing said small pieces and totally irregular parts of cardboard and / or paper into a mixer where these are combined with adhesive, resulting in a homogeneous mixture; then depositing said homogeneous mixture on conveyor belts or transfer tanks for transfer to a series of presses; compress in such presses the homogeneous mixture together with sheets of solid car ton; and then, passing said homogeneous mixture already compressed through saws or guillotines to obtain different sections or light pieces of desired sizes and dimensions, such as boards, cores, skids and the like.
2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compression step comprises adding to the homogeneous mixture metallic meshes together with the sheets of solid cardboard, to obtain reinforced boards and the like.
3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compression step comprises adding to the homogeneous mixture metal rods, together with sheets of solid cardboard, to obtain reinforced polynes and the like. 4.- The method according to the claim 1, wherein in the compression step the homogeneous mixture is configured to the external contour of a tube or the like, and then the tube is extracted, thus obtaining a hollow configuration of homogeneous compacted mixture, as a core or support. 5. A lightweight board comprising: a regular or irregular configuration of a homogeneous compressed mixture of recycled paper and / or cardboard, a portion of solid upper board, a portion of lower solid board and four side portions also of solid board, and adhesive, said upper, lower and lateral portions being fixed to said homogenous mixture configuration, by means of the adhesive. 6. A reinforced board comprising: a regular or irregular configuration of a compressed homogenous mixture of recycled paper and / or cardboard, said homogeneous compressed mixture configuration having a metal mesh embedded therein, a portion of solid cardboard sur- perior, a portion of solid lower board, four side portions also of solid board, and adhesive, said top, bottom and side portions being fixed to said homogeneous mixture configuration, by means of the adhesive. 7. A core comprising a homogeneous compressed mixture configuration of recycled paper and / or cardboard, a sheet of solid cardboard and adhesive, the solid cardboard sheet being fixed to the external surface of the homogeneous mixture configuration, by means of the adhesive . 9. The core according to claim 8, wherein the homogeneous mixture configuration is a cylindrical configuration. 10. The core according to claim 8 and 9, wherein the cylindrical configuration is hollow. 11. A lightweight pole comprising: a regular or irregular elongated configuration of a homogeneous compressed mixture of recycled paper and / or cardboard, a portion of solid upper cardboard, a portion of solid lower cardboard, two side portions of solid cardboard, two end portions also of solid cardboard, and adhesive, said upper, lower, lateral and end portions being fixed to said homogeneous mixture configuration, by means of the adhesive. 12. A reinforced polyester comprising: a regular or irregular elongated configuration of a homogeneous compressed mixture of recycled paper and / or cardboard, said homogeneous compressed mixture having a metal rod embedded therein, a portion of solid upper cardboard, a lower solid cardboard portion, two solid cardboard side portions and two end portions also of solid car- ton, and adhesive, said upper, lower, lateral and end portions being fixed to said homogenous mixing pattern, by means of the adhesive. 13. A process for the manufacture of different structures, consisting of using lightweight and re-forced boards, cores, light and reinforced skids, etc., made by the method of claims 1 and 2, and adhesive, to obtain a multiplicity of different structures, such as loading platforms with cores or skids, furniture, boxes, profiles, and the like, assembling said boards, cores and cores in such a way that said structures are obtained. 14. The method according to claim 13, to obtain a loading platform with cores, consisting of selecting two light or reinforced boards as required, superior as a cover and lower as a way, debase, and when minus four cores as supports, and adhesive; Carry out at least four recesses on the inside surface of each of the boards: place the adhesive in said recesses; assembling and adjusting in each of the rebates of the lower board a core in vertical fso that it adheres by its lower end to said lower board; then placing the upper board, by its perforated surface, on the upper ends of said cores, matching the recesses of said upper board with the upper ends of cores; and finally, exert sufficient pressure over the upper surface of the upper board or cover, in order that said cores are perfectly adhered in solid fto both the lower board and the upper board, thus fng the loading platfwith cores. 15. The method according to claim 13, to obtain a load tare with skids, which consists in selecting a light or reinforced board and at least two light or reinforced skids, as required, and adhesive; place the adhesive on the upper surface of each of the skids; adhering said skids by their upper surface to the lower surface of said board, in such a way that these skids are located in a parallel and equidistant way from each other; and applying a force downwardly on the upper surface of said board, thereby fng said loading platfwith skids. 16. A loading platfwith cores comprising: two upper and lower boards, at least four cores, and adhesive, wherein the upper and lower boards each include on their internal surface at least four receiving recesses. core, in which the adhesive is placed; and wherein the cores are assembled and arranged vertically and adhered by their upper ends to the recesses of the upper board, and by their lower ends, to the recesses of the lower board. 17. - The loading platform with cores, according to claim 16, wherein the boards are lightweight boards. 18. The loading platform with cores in accordance with claim 16, wherein the boards are reinforced boards with metal mesh. 19.- The loading platform with cores, according to claim 16, 17 or 18, where the boards are quadrangular, the cores are cylindrical and hollow, and the recesses are circular. 20. The loading platform with cores in accordance with claim 16, wherein the boards are rectangular. 21. Loading platform with skids consisting of: a board, at least two skids and adhesive, where the skids are adhered by the adhesive to the lower surface of the board, said skids being located parallel to each other. 22. The loading platform with rollers in accordance with claim 21, wherein the board is a light board. 23. The pallet loading platform according to claim 21, wherein the board is a reinforced board. 24. The loading platform with rollers in accordance with claim 21, 22 and 23, where the skids are lightweight skids. 25. The loading platform with skids according to claim 21, 22 and 23, wherein the skids are reinforced polynes with metal rods. 26. The loading platform with skids according to any of claims 21 to 25, wherein the board is quadrangular. 27. The loading platform with skids according to any of claims 21 to 25, wherein the board is rectangular. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. A method is described for making regular and irregular sections or pieces from recycled paper and / or cardboard, and said pieces. Said method consists of: collecting waste paper and / or cardboard and passing them through a crusher to obtain small pieces or totally irregular parts; later, introducing said small pieces and totally irregular parts to a mixer where these are combined with adhesive, obtaining a homogeneous mixture; then, depositing said mixture in conveyor belts or the like, for transferring it to a series of presses; compress the mixture in these presses together with sheets of solid cardboard; and then, passing said already compressed mixture through saws, guillotines or the like, to obtain different sections or pieces of desired sizes and dimensions, such as the board 1 constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 compacted, and six sheets of solid cardboard 3 and 4 covering said mixture; the board 5 constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 compressed with a metallic reinforcing mesh 6 and six sheets of solid cardboard 3 and 4 covering said mixture: the core 7 constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 and a solid cardboard sheet 3, which covers said mixture; the lightweight polymer 8 constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 and six sheets of solid cardboard 9 and 10 covering said mixture; and the reinforced po-lin 11 elongated constituted by the homogeneous mixture 2 compressed with a braided metal rod 12 and six sheets of solid cardboard 9 and 10 covering said mixture. Also, a process for the manufacture of different structures and structures is described. Said process consists of using the boards 1, 5, the core 7, and the skids 8 and 11, as required, and assembling them to obtain the multiplicity of different structures, such as, the loading platform 13 with cores, and the loading platform 16 with skids, etc.