MXPA99002100A

MXPA99002100A - Control channel for non-terrestrial cellular mobile telecommunication station

Info

Publication number: MXPA99002100A
Application number: MXPA/A/1999/002100A
Authority: MX
Inventors: C Ray J; L George Robert; A Hoppe Geoffrey; S Jones Stephen; B Mckenna Daniel
Original assignee: Aircell Incorporated
Priority date: 1996-09-06
Filing date: 1999-03-03
Publication date: 1999-06-01

Abstract

The multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunication system extends the usage of existing cellular mobile telecommunication radio frequencies allocated for ground-based communications to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations by adding an overlay of non-terrestrial cells of predetermined geometry and locus in space to the existing ground-based cellular cell site network. The polarization of the signals produced by the non-terrestrial antenna elements is a polarization that is different than and preferably substantially orthogonal to the polarization of the cellular radio signals produced by the ground-based antennas, such as a horizontal polarization, to thereby minimize the possibility of interference with the vertically polarized ground-based radio signals. Furthermore, the control signals exchanged between the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and the non-terrestrial cell site controller are architected to avoid the possibility of interference with ground-based cell site transmitter-receiver pairs. In particular, the control channels used for the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations are selected such that the control signals transmitted in these channels are unrecognizable to the ground-based mobile subscriber stations and cell site transmitter-receiver pairs, so that even if broadcasts from a non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station reach a ground-based mobile subscriber station or cell site receiver, they cannot be interpreted and are rejected out of hand.

Description

CONTROL CHANNEL FOR MOBILE CELLULAR NON-TERRESTRIAL TELECOMMUNICATION STATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to cellular communications and, in particular, to a cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement that provides service to both terrestrial mobile (land-based) subscriber stations and non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations using the same cellular telecommunications channels for both kinds of users. PROBLEM A problem in the field of cellular mobile telecommunications services is to provide customers with high quality communications services through a wireless communications medium. Existing cellular mobile telecommunication arrangements serve terrestrial mobile subscriber stations (referred to herein as field-based), but this service is not currently extendible to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations due to problems of signal interference between land-based mobile subscriber stations and non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations. The regulatory authorities responsible for telecommunications therefore do not currently allow the provision of such a service. "The mobile cellular telecommunications arrangements provide the connection service of mobile telecommunications customers, each of which has a mobile subscriber station, both to field-based customers that are served by the public public telephone network as well as to Other mobile telecommunications customers In such arrangements, all incoming and outgoing calls are routed through mobile telecommunication exchanges (MTSp), each of which is connected to a plurality of cell sites (base stations) that communicate with each other. with mobile subscriber stations located in the area covered by cell sites Mobile subscriber stations are served by cell sites, each of which is located in a cell area of a larger service area. cell site in the service area is connected by a group of communications links to the central of mobile telecommunications.

Each cell site contains a group of radio transmitters and receivers, each transmitter-receiver pair being connected to a communication link. Each transmitter-receiver pair operates on a pair of radio frequencies: one frequency for transmitting radio signals to the mobile subscriber station and the other frequency for receiving radio signals from the mobile subscriber station. The first stage of a cellular communications connection is prepared when a transmitter-receiver pair in a cell site, which operates on a predetermined pair of radio frequencies, is activated and a mobile subscriber station, located at the cell site, is tuned to the same pair of radio frequencies. The second stage of the communication connection is between the communication link connected to this transmitter-receiver pair and the common public telephone network. This second stage of the communications connection is prepared in the mobile telecommunications exchange, which is connected to the common public telephone network by means of incoming and outgoing trunk lines. The mobile telecommunications exchange contains a switching network for switching voice and / or mobile client data from the communication link to an incoming or outgoing trunk line. The mobile telecommunications arrangement is controlled by a mobile telecommunications controller in the mobile telecommunications exchange and a controller in the cell site in each cell site associated with the mobile telecommunications exchange. A plurality of data links connect the mobile telecommunications controller and the controllers of the associated cell sites. The mobile telecommunications controller operates under complex software control and controls the switching network. The mobile telecommunications controller also controls the actions of associated cell site controls by generating and interpreting the control messages that are exchanged with the associated cell site controllers by the data links. The cell site controllers in each cell site, response to control message from the mobile telecommunications controller controls the transmitter-receiver pairs at the cell site. The control procedures in each cell site also control the tuning of the mobile subscriber stations to the selected radio frequencies. Each cell in the cellular mobile telecommunications network based on terrain comprises a predetermined volume of space radially disposed around the transmitting antenna of the cell site, the space zone approaching approximately a cylindrical volume having limited height.

As all mobile subscriber stations are installed in field-based units (such as automotive vehicles) and traditional cellular mobile telecommunications arrangements, the antenna radiation configuration of the cell site is aligned so that it is close to the cell. terrain and the polarization of the signals produced by the cell site is vertical in nature. To prevent radio signals in a cell site from interfering with radio signals at an adjacent cell site, the transmitting frequencies for adjacent cell sites are selected to be different so that there is sufficient frequency separation between adjacent transmitting frequencies. to avoid transmission overlap between adjacent cell sites. In order to reuse the same frequencies, the cellular telecommunications industry has developed a small but finite amount of these transmitter frequencies and a cell site assignment configuration that ensures that two adjacent cell sites do not operate on the same frequency. When a land-based mobile subscriber station initiates a call connection, the control signals from the local cell site transmitter cause the agile transponder frequency at the land-based mobile subscriber station to work at the same time. operating frequency designated for particular cell exercise. As the mobile subscriber station based on the ground moves from one cell site to another, the call connection is transferred to the successive cell sites and the transponder and frequency in the mobile subscriber station based on the terrain adjusts its operating frequency to correspond to the operating frequency of the dial-up transmitter in the cell site in which the land-based mobile subscriber station is presently operational. This existing cellular mobile telecommunication arrangement is currently in wide use and has been designed to eliminate the problem of superimposing frequencies between adjacent cell sites and to minimize the amount of frequencies that are required to serve large areas without encountering the possibility of overlapping frequencies. These existing cellular mobile telecommunication arrangements, however, are inoperable when the user's mobile subscriber station is non-terrestrial in nature. In particular, the provision of cellular mobile telecommunications services is inconsistent with the architecture of the cellular mobile telecommunication network. based on the existing terrain since the anten e configuration of the cellular mobile telecommunication arrangement based on the existing terren emits a signal in a configuration close to the terrain and the frequency assignment configuration for the configuration of d cell sites is not extendable to aircraft. In particular, an anten configuration that would be capable of serving a fast-moving aircraft might have to cover a sufficient volume of space to minimize the amount of station transfers as the aircraft traverses one cell site after another. For the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station to have a cell site of adequate size, that cell site should encompass a large number of cell sites based on the existing terrain. Therefore, the existing frequency reuse configurations would be altered at present there is no frequency assigned or available for assignment for t purpose. If additional frequencies were assigned for non-terrestrial cellular telecommunication arrangements, all existing cellular telecommunications equipment would have to be redesigned to be able to operate with these new frequencies and still be compatible with the existing configuration of cellular telecommunications services. In this way, the cellular mobile telecommunication network existing and unable to be simply expandable to provide service to stations Mobile non-terrestrial subscribers and the choice architecture installed in all terrestrial-based cellular mobile telecommunication arrangements are fundamentally inoperable as is for use with non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations. Therefore, the existing cellular mobile communications network is by its very nature simply a co-based disposition in the two-dimensional terrain with the inability to be expandable beyond that limited definition. With this limitation, cellular mobile telecommunications services are totally unaffordable for aircraft and aircraft must use a separate communication arrangement that functions independently of the existing mobile telecommunications network and requires its own configuration of transceiver antennas and radio equipment. and unique control software. SOLUTION The problems described above are solved in a technical advance achieved in the field by the cellul-multidimensional mobile telecommunication arrangement of the present invention. The multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunication arrangement extends the use of existing cellular mobile telecommunication frequencies allocated for on-ground cellular communications to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations in a manner that avoids the possibility of signal interference between the subscriber stations. land-based mobile and non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations. In particular, the multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunication arrangement expands the two-dimensional adjacent cell configuration of the cellular telecommunications network with bas on the current terrain by the addition of a terrestrial n cell superposition (coverage areas) of predetermined volume, each whose non-terrestrial cells can be superimposed with numerous cells based on terrain and whose very terrestrial cells are three-dimensional in nature. The non-terrestrial cell in this overlay configuration is of a geometry predetermined locus in space and is preferably adjacent to other non-terrestrial cells so that a plurality of adjacent non-terrestrial cells occupy a large volume of space in the zon immediately adjacent to each other. the cellular network based on the existing land superimposed on it. In this way, the superposition of terrestrial n cells joins with the existing ground-based cells to form a multidimensional cellular telecommunications network without discontinuities. There are a number of enhancement features of this arrangement that are operatively cooperative to allow non-terrestrial cells and non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations to operate in conjunction with base cells in the field and mobile subscriber stations based on the terren , to provide superior performance characteristics of the communications. All of these features work to reduce the possibility of interference between non-terrestrial elements and ground-based elements in the resulting multidimensional network and the combination of these features that are used to implement an arrangement is a function of communication / control terminology. that is used for radial communication, the topography of the land, the traffic of communications, the cost d implementation of the disposition, and the similar. Thus, a multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement can be implemented using only a subset of the implementation features described in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The existing mobile telecommunications center is divisible by software to divide the physical area covered by the cells into two or more segments, one of whose segments can optionally occupy the same volume of space as other segments. The multidimensional cellulous telecommunication network of the present invention takes advantage of the divisional capacity of these arrangements to create a virtual cellular network that coexists with the existing cellular network and can integrate: multiple existing ground base cellular arrangements, different equipment, different providers, different radio frequencies, and even different technologies (digital / analog; TDMA / CDM AMPS / narrow band AMPS, FM / AM / PSK). The cellul multidimensional telecommunications network has no discontinuities and is superimposed over the cellular telecommunications network based on the existing terrain. In this arrangement the transmitting / receiving antenna facilities of the existing cell site site can be used for mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations by adding antenna elements and creating an antenna configuration that is insensitive upon receipt of signals originating in the field or reflected in the ground and whose anten configuration is transmitting only in one direction towards the sky. In addition, the polarization of the signals produced by the non-terrestrial antenna elements is a polarization that is different from the polarization of the cellular radio signals based on the ground and preferably substantially orthogonal to each polarization, such as a horizontal polarization. in this way it minimizes the possibility of interference with vertically polarized ground-based cellular radio signals. Also, the control signal is exchanged between the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and the site controller d. Non-terrestrial cells are architected to avoid the possibility of interference with transmitter-receiver pairs of the field-based cell site. In particular, the control signals that are used for non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations are selected so that the signals - control transmitted on these channels are unrecognizable to land-based mobile subscriber stations and field-based cell site transmitter-receiver pairs so that even if emissions from a non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station reach a mobile subscriber station or transmitter / receiver of cell site based on terren can not be interpreted and are rejected out of control. Optionally, the non-terrestrial arrangement can switch up link and down link d frequencies so that they are opposite to that of the mobile base subscriber station configuration in the field. In this way, non-terrestrial cells can be created in the area of the adjacent space and superimposed on the cells based on the existing terrain and the frequency of existing cell communication allocated for cellular communications based on terren can be reused for cellular telecommunications. terrestrial without the possibility of interaction between the mobile telecommunication provision cellul based on the existing terrain and the mobile n terrestrial subscriber stations. Also, the transmission and reception frequencies for non-terrestrial communications may be displaced from the base frequency in the field. Non-terrestrial cells can be commanded in a way that is analogous, but separate, from the command of cells with bas on the ground so that transfers from one non-terrestrial cell to another are commanded independently of but in a similar control manner to the one used for cells based in the field. In this way, by reusing the currently assigned cellular radiofrequencies and the control philosophies of the cellular mobile telecommunication arrangements based on the current terrain, the redesign of the existing equipment is minimized and the need to have new devices is reduced to a minimum. For the mobile telecommunication exchange, the non-terrestrial cells all function in harmony with the existing cell sites without discernible differentiation between cells or stations, be of a nature based on non-terrestrial terrain. In this way, the existing two-dimensional mobile cellular telecommunications network is expandable through the use of these novel apparatus methods to create a multidimensional mobile telecommunications arrangement that uses the cellular radio frequencies currently assigned and the services currently provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a cellular mobile telecommunication co base in the typical terrain according to the prior art that includes a plurality of mobile telephone exchanges; Figure 2 illustrates in block diagrammatic view, the general architecture of the multidimensional cellular telecommunications network of the present invention.

Figures 3 to 5 illustrate perspective views of a multi-cell cellular non-terrestrial mobile telecommunications arrangement as well as the relative geographic arrangement of the terrain-based cells and typical non-terrestrial cells.

Figure 6 illustrates a diagram of a frequency reuse configuration of typical non-terrestrial cells. Figure 7 illustrates a non-terrestrial sector cell with a substantially cylindrical antenna configuration.

Figure 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial sector cell with a substantially toroidal antenna configuration that includes a cylindrical antenna configuration nested within the toroid aperture. Figure 9 illustrates a typical antenna mounting arrangement. Figure 10 illustrates the tuning of frequencies of a typical cell; and Figure 11 illustrates the signal paths that are in the multipath interference situation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunication arrangement of the present invention extends the use of existing cellular mobile telecommunication radio frequencies allocated for on-ground communications to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations in a manner that avoids the possibility of signal interference between the Subscriber stations based on land and non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations. In particular, the multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement adds a superposition of non-terrestrial cells of predetermined geometry and locus in space to the mobile cellular telecommunications network with bas on the existing terrain. The polarization of the cellular radio signals produced by the non-terrestrial antenna elements is a polarization that is different in preference substantially orthogonal to the polarization of the cellular radio signals produced by the ground-based antennas, such as a horizontal polarization, to thereby minimize the possibility of interference in cellular radio signals based on the vertically polarized ground nominally. Also, the contr signals exchanged between the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and the non-terrestrial cell site controller are architected to avoid the possibility of interference with field-based cell site transmitter-receiver pairs. In particular, the control channels used for the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations are selected so that the contr signals transmitted on these channels are unrecognizable to the mobile subscriber stations based on the terrain and the transmitter / receiver pairs of the site. of the cell, so that even if emissions from a non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station reach a mobile subscriber station based on the ground or a receiver at the cell site, they can not be interpreted and are rejected outside of the cell. control. Architecture of a Cellular Mobile Telecommunications Provision Figure 1 illustrates a cellular mobile telecommunication co base in the typical terrain according to the prior art, which includes a plurality of mobile telephone exchanges (MTSO) 102, 103, each of the which is connected by means of communication facilities 1121-1121131-1133 to a plurality of transmitter-receiver pairs 121-124, 131-13 (also referred to as base stations in the present cell site specification.) The terms "cell site" and "cell" are sometimes used indefinitely in the literature, and the term "cell site" indicates in general the locus in which the transmitting and receiving apparatus is located, while the term "cell" indicates in general the area of space that is served by a particular transmitter-receiver pair that is installed in a cell site, the particular technology used to increase communications between subscriber stations and the transmitter / receiver pairs, as well as the nature of the data transferred - between them , be it voice, video, telemetry, computer data, and the like are not limitations to the disposition that is described in the present descriptive memory, since a novel concept is revealed of disposal, not a technologically limited specific increase of an existing disposal project. Therefore, the term "cellular" as used in the present specification indicates a communication arrangement that functions based on dividing the space into a plurality of volumetric sections or cells, and commanding communications between subscriber stations located in the cells and the transmitter-receptor pairs located in the cell site for each of these cells.

For illustrative purposes, in Figure 1 two mobile subscriber stations A, B are shown which are located within cells 106, 107 respectively. A plurality of the cells 106 are interconnected with a designated mobile telecommunications telephone exchange 102, which serves to interconnect the transmitter-receiver pairs 121-124 in the various cells 1906 served by the mobile telecommunications exchange 102 with the public telephone network to access to other mobile telecommunications centers as well as conventional telephone devices. The mobile cellular telecommunication arrangement also has a wandering verification arrangement 101 that is interconnected with the mobile telecommunication stations 102, 103 via data link 104, 105, respectively. L : - errant check arrangement 101 checks to authenticate the identity of the mobile subscriber stations A, B and authorize the provision of cellular telecommunications service to these subscribers. The scope of a particular cellul service is determined by the geographic location of the cells. In addition, cellular mobile telecommunications provisions are not connected on a nationwide basis. In contrast, the industry comprises many different geographical areas that serve a specific (originating) subscriber base. For example, in Figure 1, the bold line CC indicates a boundary between cell zones, with the mobile telecommunications center 102 located e One of these zones and the mobile telecommunications center 10 being located in a second adjacent zone. When cellular subscribers leave geographical area of origin, they become wanderers "when an errant subscriber: makes a cellular telephone call from his subscriber station, the mobile telephone service provider has no way to determine whether a mobile subscriber is a valid subscriber or No, since this information is located in the originating disposition of the errant The purpose of the errant verification disposition, as illustrated in figure 1, is to obtain the information from the originating exchange, and modify the central remote mobile telecommunications state of the errant The cellular radio telecommunications service presented in the United States of America, for example, is designed primarily for automotive vehicles and other mobile subscriber stations based on the ground. plurality of radiofrequency channels in the ultra high frequency band (UHF). sition comprises a pair of UHF frequencies in the designated band. A frequency in the channel is called the forward carrier used for transmissions from the base station to the mobile subscriber station. , while the other frequency in the pair is referred to as the "inverse" carrier, and s used for transmissions from the mobile subscriber station to the base station d. The current technologies in use include analog frequency (FM) modulation as a method to transmit the signal with a spacing of 30 kHz frequency channels. There is also digital transmission capacity in some arrangements, in which a plurality of signals are multiplexed same carrier, with the spacing of 30 kHz between adjacent bands. A total of 832 such channels are available for cellular telephone use, and these channels are located between the frequencies of 824 MHz to 849 MHz, and 869 MHz to 894 MHz. The transmitter has 832 communication channels, 790 channels of voice data communications and 42 control channels. This set of channels is divided into two subsets, each of which consists of 21 control channels and 395 associated data voice channels.A first set of channels is typically referred to as the "A" side of the band and the set. remnant d channels is typically referred to as the "B" of the band.The 416 radio channels = in each set of channels are divided into 21 control channels and 39 . voice / data communication channels. The 395 communication channels d "___ voice / data are subdivided into seven groups of approximately 56 channels when used with a reuse plan of 7 cell channels called plan K = 7. Multidimensional Cellular System Control Channels In this existing regulated communications environment, a particular problem is found when attempting to use cellular mobile telephone equipment from a non-terrestrial location, such as an aircraft. The elevated position of the mobile cellular telephone station when located in an aircraft causes the signal to be emitted over a wide range of the surface of the earth, where it is received by many pairs transmitters-receivers of cell siti based on the ground . In addition, the signal strength in a plurality of these cell site base site transmitter-receiver pairs can be substantially equal, making the determination of the controlling base station a difficult choice. In this way, mobile cellular subscriber stations are prohibited from transmitting aircraft. The cellular telephone network requires a minimum signal-to-noise ratio to allow communications to be of acceptable quality. The presently referenced separation between the signal power level and the level of background power or noise is typically about 6 dB for the non-terrestrial subscriber station and 18 dB for the cell site receiver for interference-free communications. Thus, the non-terrestrial cellular communications portion of the multidimensional array should provide adequate signal strength for the appropriate selection of antenna elements within the available signal power restrictions. In addition, interference between land-based and non-land-based mobile subscriber stations must be obviated by the characteristics of the signals as well as the communication control philosophy. The communication control philosophy portion of this unique solution comprises a manipulation of the control channels so that the control signal originated by a non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station n can cause a cell site receiver based on the ground or mobile subscriber station receiver based on the ground receive and interpret these control signals. The reception of signals in the allocated frequency spectrum is beyond the practical control of the arrangement, so that the designation of practical control channels of the arrangement, so that the designation of control channels within the plurality of available channels represents the method of bifurcating the volume of space in two separate zones; based on the ground and not on land. As shown in Figure 10, the dedicated control channels for use by the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations are those that are designated as voice / data communication channels for the land-based mobile subscriber stations. In this way, each field-based cell site transceiver communicates with the land-based mobile subscriber stations existing in its cell in predetermined control channels, whose control channels are ignored by non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations. , since these channels are voice / data communication channels for mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations. Similarly, each transmitter-receiver pair in the non-terrestrial cell site communicates with the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations in its cell by predetermined control channels, whose control channels are ignored by mobile subscriber stations based on the land; since these channels are voice / data communication channels for land-based mobile subscriber stations. Thus, the tuning of control channels in the non-terrestrial cells represents a paradigm shift with respect to the cells based on the adjacent terrain. This philosophy can be implemented in a low-cost way, that the large installed base of land-based mobile subscriber stations and the transmitter-receiver pairs in the field-based cell site inherently reject control signals transmitted by the voice / data communication channels. It is only the newly constructed non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and their associated d-cell site transmitter-receivers pairs that must be modified to reassign control channel. This implementation is relatively low cost. An alternative implementation of the communication control philosophy comprises assigning a subset of the available channels exclusively to non-terrestrial cellular communications, this subset of dedicated channels being divided into control channels and communication channels as with the existing channel allocation model. Yes However, the dedication of even a small number of channels can be problematic, since these channels are eliminated from all cells with basins in the field and can have significant impact on the handling capacity of traffic. In addition, such a solution requires the modification of all existing equipment.

Frequency Reuse Configuration Mobile cellular telecommunication arrangements provide a plurality of concurrently active communications in the same service area, exceeding the number of active communication connections the amount of available radio channels. This is achieved by reusing the channels through the provision of multiple base stations in the service area that is served by a single mobile telecommunications exchange. The total service area of a mobile telecommunications exchange is divided into a plurality of "cells", each of which includes a base station an associated radio transmission tower as shown in Figure 1. E radio of the cell is basically the distance from the tower of the base station to the furthest locus in which a good reflection can be made between the mobile subscriber station and the base station. The entire service area of a mobile telecommunications exchange is therefore covered by a plurality of adjacent cells. There is a configuration of standard cells in the industry in which typically seven sets of channels are reused. Within a particular cell, the six surrounding cells are grouped in a circle around the first cell and the channels used in these six cells differ from the channels used in the particular cell and d each of the other six surrounding cells. In this way, the signals emanating from the radio transmission tower in the particular cell do not interfere with the signals emanating from the radio transmission towers located in each of the six surrounding cells because they are at different frequencies. In addition, the next closest cell that uses the transmission frequency of the particular cell is sufficiently risky from this cell for there to be a significant disparity in signal strength and therefore sufficient rejection of signals at the receivers to ensure that no there is signal interference. The shape of the cells is determined by the surrounding terrain and is typically not circular, but warped by irregularities in the terrain, the effect of buildings and vegetation and other signal attenuators in the area of the cell. In this way, the cell configuration of Figure 1 is simply conceptual in nature and does not reflect the actual physical range in the various cells, since the implemented cells are not hexagonal in configuration and do not have precisely delineated edges.

The control channels that are available in this arrangement are used to prepare the communication connections between the mobile subscriber stations and the base station. When a call is initiated, the control channel is used to communicate between the mobile subscriber station intervening in the call and the local serving base station. The control messages locate and identify the mobile subscriber station, determine the dialed number, and identify a voice / data communication channel available that consists of a radio frequency pair that are selected by the base station for the communication connection. The radio unit in the mobile subscriber station is tuned to the transmitter-receiver equipment contained therein to use this designated radio frequency. Once the communication connection is established, the control messages are typically transmitted to adjust transmitting power and / or change the transmission frequency when referring to transfer this mobile subscriber station an adjacent cell, when the subscriber moves from the cell in which one of the adjacent cells is. The transmitting power of the mobile subscriber station is regulated since the magnitude of the signal received in the ba station is a function of the transmitting power and the distance from the base station. Therefore, by adjusting the transmitter power to correspond to distance from the base station, the magnitude of the received signal can be maintained within a predetermined range of values to ensure accurate reception of signals without interfering with other transmissions in the cell.

When a mobile station approaches the limit of a cell, the radio signal received at the base station is at a minimum level. Since the mobile unit is at the cell boundary, the signal strength from the transmitter located in the adjacent cell is equal to or greater than the original cell and the handover procedure is initiated. First, the cell base station initiates a mobile unit location procedure in the six contiguous cells. This is achieved either by activation or continuous operation of the location receiver in each of the six contiguous cells that tune the radio frequency and channel in which the mobile subscriber station is transmitting. The measured signal strength of this signal, as each of the adjacent cells is received, is compared and the strongest signal indicative of the cell that will receive the handover. If there is a voice channel available in that cell, a message is sent to the mobile subscriber station by the control channel so that it resets its transmitter to the available voice channel identified at the transmission frequency of the selected cell. Simultaneously, the connection of voice is switched in the base stations d one cell to the next by means of the mobile telecommunications exchange to provide uninterrupted service.

Multidimensional Cellular Mobile Telecommunications Network The multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications network of the present invention is illustrated in the form of a block diagram in Figure 2. This diagram illustrates the basic concepts of the multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications network and, for simplicity's sake of illustration, does not include all the elements that are in a typical network. The fundamental elements that are revealed in Figure 2 provide an indication of the interrelation of the various elements that are used to implement a multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications network. The cellular telecommunications network based on the basic terrain of the prior art is incorporated within this arrangement to allow non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations to be integrated into the existing service structure. In particular, the mobile telecommunications exchange 200 serves to interconnect a plurality of ground-based cells 201, 202, 203 with the public telephone network, as indicated above. The land-based stations 201, 202, 203 each include a transmitter-receiver pair 201 TR, 202TR, 203TR and an antenna complex, typically comprising a tower M1, M2, M3 to which one is fixed or more antenna elements A1, A2, A3 respectively.

The existing cellular mobile telecommunications arrangements use both directional antenna element and n directional antenna elements to implement the desired antenn characteristic configuration. The term "directional antenna", as used in the present specification, does not imply that a signal is transmitted or received from a particular direction, but rather that the antenna has an isotropic n-radiation configuration. A directional antenna, or a plurality of antenn-directional elements, is preferably used in the cellular base station co-base in the field to increase signal preparation. The antenna structure that is used in mobile cellular telecommunications based on the ground is such that the signals emanating from the antenna elements of the cell site transmission of the antennas A1, A2, A3, propagate in a substantially radial direction from the antenna in all directions being the upper part of the antenna configuration substantially coplanar with the surface of the leg and at a level corresponding to the elevation of the antenna transmitter above the surface of the earth. The receiving antenna has characteristics that are analogous to that of the transmitting antenna. The polarization of these signals is horizontal in nature, which is shown with the arrow GP e Figure 2. The MTSO mobile telecommunications exchange is divisible by software to divide the physical area covered by the cells into two or more segments, one of whose segments can optionally be overlaid on another segment. telecommunications cell ? "-based on the ground, the available channels are divided between two competing cellular carriers, so that the service area is served by the carriers. However, this division capacity allows the network to ^ multidimensional mobile cellular telecommunications creates a virtual cellular network of non-terrestrial cells that consists of the cellular telecommunications network based on the existing terrain. This virtual cellular network works with multiple existing dispositions of mobile cellular telecommunications based on land, different equipment, different providers, different frequencies, can also use different technologies: digital / analog, or TDMA / CDMA FM / AM / PSK. The multidimensional mobile cellular telecommunications network n has discontinuities and is superimposed on cellular telecommunication networks based on the existing terrain. The multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunication network adds one or more non-terrestrial cells to the existing mobile cellular telecommunications network.

A non-terrestrial cell is defined as a facility that is equipped with at least one non-terrestrial cell site transmitter-receiver pair, such as 201A and an associated AA1 antenna for receiving and transmitting cellular telecommunications transmissions to and from mobile subscriber stations. terrestrial, such as aircraft 21, 22; that are equipped with appliances 21 22B mobile subscriber station. The non-terrestrial transmitter-receiver pair 201 is interconnected with the public telephone network by means of the mobile telecommunications center MTSO. The antenna AA1 of the non-terrestrial cell site has a radiation pattern of radio signals which is directed p onto a horizontal plane surrounding the antenna. Most of the radiated radio signal is directed at angles above the horizontal plane, where angles are typically greater than 4o to avoid interference with mobile cellular telephony stations based on terrain 23, 24, 25. These radio signals are selected to be substantially orthogonal to the polarization of the radio signals emanating from the ground-based antennas, typically vertically polarized as shown by the arrow AP in Figure 2.

The pair 201 A of the transmitter receiver of the non-terrestrial cell site can be integrated with a cell site transmitter-receiver pair based on existing ground, since some of the equipment that assembles the antenna elements in a base can be shared. common M1 and / or connects both transmitter-receiver pairs from the cell site to the public telephone network. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the antenna elements AA1 of the n-terrestrial cell site are mounted on the same tower M1 as the antenna elements that are used to implement the cell site based on the ground.

Implementation of Multidimensional Cellular Arrangements In a multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement a problem with the architecture illustrated in Figure 2 is that the assigned frequencies for cellular mobile telecommunications for mobile subscriber stations based on the ground are the same as those assigned to it. for mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations. The selection of emission frequencies for the plurality of cells based on the ordered terrain to ensure that there are never adjacent cells emitting on the same frequency. There is a standard configuration in the frequency assignment industry for cells and this industry standard configuration does not cover non-terrestrial cells. A complicating factor is that a non-terrestrial cell has a significantly greater range than a cell based on the ground. E particular, the field-based cells use antennas mounted on a tower that is located at a site that typically provides the highest elevation in the cell so that the antenn emission configuration covers the largest possible area. Since the cell site transmitter with the ground is emitting to the ground from its physical location, the cell's reach is limited by the elevation of the antenna and by any hidden ethical characteristic of intervening signals, such as mountains buildings This limitation does not exist for non-terrestrial antennas that emit in a direction towards the sky and do not have a limited scope of emission in terms of intervening characteristics. of scale) of the relative geographic scope of the cells based on the ground and three typical non-terrestrial AC cells.The non-terrestrial cell site antenna configuration is typically of substantially parabolic form and covers a line of sight range from the site. From the antenna to the physical horizon, therefore, the antenna configuration for the non-terrestrial cell covers an area significantly greater than a co base cell in the typical terrain. Thus, a non-terrestrial cell typically covers tens or even hundreds of cells based on the ground and is adjacent f field-based cells that emit at each of the frequencies currently assigned for cellular mobile telecommunications. Thus, due to the very nature of the superposition, the non-terrestrial cell has an emission frequency that corresponds to the frequency of at least one of the juxtaposed ground-based cells. Also, the configuration of frequency reuse for non-terrestrial cells should be such that adjacent non-terrestrial cells do not use the same frequency of emission. Figure 6 illustrates a typical frequency reuse configuration for non-terrestrial cells. The range of each non-terrestrial cell allows the frequency reuse configuration to be simpler than that used for ground-based cells. As the reuse configuration d - frequencies requires only a small subset of the frequencies currently assigned, the reuse configuration can be used to create a cell within a cell. The traffic handling capability of a particular terrestrial n cell can therefore be supplicated by simply assigning twice the frequency for this cell, creating two cells that have substantially the same physical range. Thus, there is much greater flexibility in non-terrestrial cells than in the corresponding co-base cells in the field in regard to cell implementation and command as evidenced in further detail in the following description of the arrangement. . For non-terrestrial cells to utilize the frequencies that are assigned to mobile telecommunication cells with there must be some method to ensure that the sig emitted to and from non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations do not interfere with the existing communications in the cells based on the ground and its mobile subscriber stations with bas in the field. To eliminate interference between non-terrestrial communications - Field-based telecommunications for mobile cellular customers, the transmission and reception antenna configurations are architected so that the overlap in their coverage area is reduced, as indicated above.

In addition, the polarization of the non-terrestrial transmissions is selected to be substantially orthogoto the polarization of the co-base transmissions in the terrain. Alternatively, the non-terrestrial cellul telecommunication arrangement can switch the uplink and downlink frequencies so that they are opposite to the configuration of the mobile subscriber station with bas in the field. The currently used forward link can be used as a reverse link and the currently used reverse link can be used as a forward link in the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station application. L transmission power for non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and significantly reduced compared to that used by land-based mobile subscriber stations. A fielement of the implementation that avoids communications overlap is the use of dedicated control channels for non-terrestrial communications, whose control channels are not recognized by the field-based communications. These factors individually and in various combinations allow non-terrestrial communication to operate at frequencies that are used for ground-based communication where non-terrestrial cells overlap with ground-based cells using the same transmission frequency and reception. Other design factors of the same class are possible and may include the displacement of the transmission and reception frequencies for which they are located between the existing pre-defined frequency, and the like. In operation, the multilayer cellulular mobile telecommunication arrangement may comprise a separate non-terrestrial cellular telecommunication arrangement which may be integrated with the mobile cellular telecommunication arrangement based on the existing terrain via a well-defined interface. Figures 3-5 illustrate the operation of the multidimensiocellular mobile telecommunications arrangement in a typical call processing situation. In Figure 3, the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber station comprises an AC aircraft that is located on the non-terrestrial cell A, whose non-terrestrial cell is superimposed on a plurality of ground-based GBCA cells. Two additionon-terrestrial B cells are also shown, each of which overlaps with a plurality of ground-based cells GBCB, GBCC, respectively. The three non-terrestrial cells AC are shown to be oriented adjacent to each other with the B cell between the A and C cells. It is typical that other terrestrial n cells would be adjacent to the AC cells to provide full coverage of the non-terrestrial space that is available ground, as shown in Figures 3-5. For simplicity of the description in the figures only 3 non-terrestrial cells A-C are shown. The cells with base in the existing terrain are each connected by means of lines with LKA-LKC cor to a mobile telecommunications center MT1, MT2 associated, which are in turn connected to each other by means of the trunk line T and the public telephone relay through the PT trunk line. In this environment, it is typical that two different service providers are serving the network, with a first company served by zone C1 and a second company serving area C2, being the dividing line between the two service areas shown in the figures by of striped line B-B '. In this provision, a call is established from a - subscriber located in the aircraft AC, using a mobile subscriber station apparatus located in the aircraft AC in a manner well known to the cellular arrangements based on the existing terrain. The signals of contr "coming from the mobile subscriber station apparatus located in the aircraft ACs are transmitted to the site transmitter-receiver pair of the n-terrestrial cell A, which is served by the first cellular company serving the C1 zone. The call is connected by means of the trunk line LKA to the mobile telecommunications center MT1, which interconnects the connection called to the public telephone network PSTN by means of the trunk line PT, in a well-known manner. The call connection is then extended to the designated subscriber (not shown) that is assumed for this description to be located at a "landline" station. Frequency assignment and subscriber identification for the AC aircraft is handled by means of non-terrestrial cell site control software that operates independently from the ground-based cellular network and which may be functional in the MT1 mobile telecommunications exchange serving the non-terrestrial cell site for non-terrestrial cell A. The diagram in Figure 4 illustrates the case in which the aircraft AC crosses the limit of the non-terrestrial cell towards the area of the non-terrestrial cell B. As non-terrestrial cell B it is also supported by the first provider in the service area C1, the transfer between adjacent non-terrestrial cells may be performed in the traditional manner, with the non-terrestrial cells surrounding the non-terrestrial cell in which the non-terrestrial subscriber station (aircraft AC is presently active (non-terrestrial cell A) signaling aircraft A to find out which cell is not terrestrial provides the signal of magnitude, and is therefore the candidate for handover.The caller connection is identified as a non-terrestrial call and is therefore handled by the __ mobile telecommunication central MT1 as separate from the co-base calls in the field and the handover to the non-terrestrial cell B is processed in a well-known manner with the mobile telecommunications central MT commanding the non-terrestrial cells surrounding the cell A as a virtual re, which is separated from the mobile cellular telecommunication network with bas on the ground of GBCA and GBCB. In this way, the call connection of the AC aircraft via the LKA link is transferred to the LKB link when the frequency pair for communication with the aircraft AC is simultaneously switched so that it corresponds to that of the new cell, the cell n terrestrial B. The diagram in Figure 5 illustrates the case of the AC aircraft that traverses the boundary of the non-terrestrial cell inward from the area of the terrestrial n cell C. As the non-terrestrial cell C is not supported by the prime provider in the service area C1, the transfer between adjacent non-terrestrial cells is still performed in the traditional manner, with the terrestrial n cells surrounding the non-terrestrial cell in which the non-terrestrial subscriber station (aircraft AC) is presently active (non-terrestrial B cell signaling the AC aircraft to find out which non-terrestrial cell provides the largest signal, and is therefore the candidate pair "handover." Calling is identified as a non-terrestrial call is therefore handled by the mobile telecommunications center MT1 com - separated from land-based calls and the transfer to terrestrial cell C is handled in a well-known manner. In particular, the dial-up connection d is switched from the mobile telecommunication center MT1 to the mobile telecommunication center MT2 concurrently with the radiofrequency handover between adjacent non-terrestrial B and C cells and the link to the public telephone network PSTN is maintained by means of of the trunk line T so that there is no interruption in the call connection. In this way, the aircraft AC switches the frequency pair for communication with the terrestrial n cell C simultaneously with the ground-based link that is switched to a communication path comprising the LKC link ^ the mobile telecommunications center MT2, the trunk line T, the mobile telecommunications center MT1, and the trunk line PT to the public telecommunications network PSTN.

Non-terrestrial Cell Configuration The non-terrestrial cell typically shares a locus with a ground-based cell for efficiency purposes and produces an antenna configuration that is juxtaposed to the site configuration of co-base cell site in the field and relatively non-superimposing so that the transmissions are directed to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and instead of including ground-based mobile subscriber stations in the antenna configuration. The non-terrestrial cells may optionally each have a unique HLR and SID designation to distinguish them from ground-based cells and to allow them to be commanded in origination, establishment and handover functions.

The non-terrestrial cell site antenna configuration can comprise a single cell element or multiple cell elements depending on the implementation of the various antenna elements and various variations of the antenna configuration are disclosed in the present descriptive memo. A simple configuration of single cell site antenna may comprise a substantially cylindrical or paraboloid configuration disposed radially outwardly of the antenna in all directions p on a plane substantially coplanar to the surface of the earth and at an elevation corresponding to the assembly of the antenna on the mast. This antenna configuration comprises the entire volume of space located within the line of sight of the antenna site, as shown in the Figure Alternatively, the antenna configuration can be divided into a plurality _- of segments for use as sub-cells or independent cells within the area indicated above. In particular, it may be beneficial to bifurcate the cylindrical part in two segments along a vertically oriented plane that is aligned with a diameter of the circle comprising the lower base of the cell, as shown in Figure 7. This configuration of antenna allows that the provision of non-terrestrial cellular mobile telecommunications manage communications in one half of the cell independent of the other half of the cell. This configuration also allows the characteristics of the anten -_ are optimized for the respective transmission directions that can provide efficiency to obtain a more uniform antenna configuration for each of two smaller coverage areas. Another possible configuration of coverage for non-terrestrial antennas is illustrated in FIG. 8 with the creation of a substantially toroidal antenna configuration with a second configuration occupying a central hole in the toroid and disposed upward in a substantially conical manner. These antenna configurations can be managed as a single cell can comprise two separate and independent cells. Alternatively, the toroidal section can be divided into two or more segments and operated as separate cell elements. Thus, it is evident from this description, that non-terrestrial cells have greater flexibility of implementation than ground-based cells and comprise at least one cell within a predetermined three-dimensional volume of space. In this way, the control software can implement a soft traspase within a single cell, and a hard handover between adjacent non-terrestrial cells. Hard handovers commute frequently while soft handovers do not, and handover is determined by the mobile telephone center while handover is determined by the transmitter controller. Characteristics of the Multidimensional Cellular Antenna,. The antenna located in a mobile subscriber station based on terrain, such as a car, truck or boat, is polarized.

^ Vertically and the antenna is located in the ground-based station it is also vertically polarized to provide more efficient coupling between the antennas: A different polarization between these antennas would have a marked effect on the efficiency of the transmissions between the antennas. The ground-based antenna is mounted as high as practical since the coverage is a function of the elevation of the antenna. The antenna does not land in the direction of the sky and therefore the mounting height is much less relevant. The non-terrestrial antenna can be mounted below the aerial co base in the terrain as shown in figure 2 or above the antenna with bas in the terrain. Non-terrestrial subscriber stations, such as aircraft, receive noise signals from ground-based sources while in the reverse signal direction, the cell-site receiver - Terrestrial does not receive signals from many sources of signals and • - the only active sources of radio signals in the non-terrestrial zone are non-terrestrial subscriber stations. As noted above, the polarization of the non-terrestrial antenna elements must be substantially orthogonal to the polarization of the antenna elements with the base in the ground. Therefore, the non-terrestrial antenna elements are horizontally polarized. The torr in which the antenna elements are mounted is largely transparent to non-terrestrial polarized radio frequency transmissions horizontally polarized since the polarization of the signals of horizontal nature the tower is oriented vertically. In addition the braces of the tower are diagonal in their orientation and therefore represent a substantial source of interference. The preferred implementation of the terrestrial antenna elements is shown in Figure 9 and comprises a slotted waveguide antenna element with an optionally associated centally oriented antenna element for both the receiving antenna elements and also for the antenna elements. -transmission antenna elements. The slotted waveguide antenna element produces the toroidal configuration that is illustrated in FIG. 8, while the zenith oriented antenna element produces the substantially cylindrical configuration located in the bore of the toroid. The antenna element oriented overhead can be any of a number of typical antenna elements, including, without limitation: dipole, dipole folded propeller, Yagi and the like. The helix antenna provides a benefit because the antenna configuration produced by such an element is circularly polarized and therefore is relatively insensitive to the direction of travel of the non-terrestrial subscriber station as the terrestrial subscriber station passes through the area. near and over the antenna. In the implementation shown in Figure 9, for the cellular radio frequencies, the slotted waveguide antenna element is preferably mounted on the torr. : of existing antenna that is used to support the antenna for cells with bas in the terrain. As shown in Figure 9, the antenna elements are mounted at a sufficient distance D from the tower to reduce interference. A slotted waveguide antenna consists of a waveguide length L that is constructed to implement a multiple element antenna that produces a focused reception pattern. Typically, the receiving configuration of the slotted waveguide antenna is formed to receive signals from only one segment of the space. - (controlled field of view), with the precise reception configuration ^ created by size management as the location and geometry of the slots cut in the waveguide. A slit cut into the wall of the ond guide - = - is connected to the conductors of a double feed line, placed inside the grooved waveguide. The slots of the waveguide emit power received from the double limiting line into the free space. The spacing and / or orientation of the grooves along the edge of the waveguide was used = to control the opening lighting. The ranur waveguide antenna may be mechanically inclined or the antenna configuration produced may be electrically commanded to provide a predetermined amount of upward tilt to the antenna configuration, which upward tilting produces the production of multiple interference signals. trajectories as described below. In the disclosed embodiment, the shaped beam configuration comprises the volume of space located above and radially around the antenna elements that are mounted on the antenna tower. The antenna may comprise a single antenna element or multiple antenna elements, which are designed to produce a characteristic reception pattern that provides substantially uniform coverage for all non-terrestrial cells. In particular, the antenna configuration covers the space area above the horizon of an antenna, whose antenna horizon extends radially from the mast of the antenna to the physical horizon, and to elevation which substantially corresponds to the mounting height of the antenna element in the antenna tower. As a practical implementation, the antenna is mounted with a small upward inclination (typically of 4o) to minimize the production of multiple path signals. The antenna criteria are also: a horizontally polarized beam to correspond to the polarization of the transmit signal of the non-terrestrial subscriber station a beam configuration having a marked reduction in gain p elevation angles below the horizon of the antenna. The reduction of signal ground reflections is important due to multiple trajectory phenomena. Figure 11 illustrates multiple trajectories, where the signals produced by a transmission source reach the receiver in many different paths, including direct reception of signals generated reception with multiple trajectories of signals generated due to reflection from the ground surface . When the path length of the various signal paths is integer multiples of the wavelength the fundamental wavelength, this produces nulls that are repeated in a fixed configuration, thereby causing a reduction in signal strength at these points. . The upward tilt of the antenna that uses the non-terrestrial antennas reduces these nulls by reducing the energetic illumination of the terrain. Non-terrestrial Mobile Subscriber Stations In the preceding description of the multidimensional cellulous communication arrangement, non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations are assumed to be - like a small fixed-wing aircraft. However, the nature of the mobile unit in which the subscriber station is installed is not limited to this application. In particular, the mobile unit may be lighter than an aircraft, a helicopter, or a commercial fixed-wing aircraft for multiple passengers, or the like. The only limiting factor is that the mobile unit is operational in non-terrestrial cells instead of cells fighting ground when a communications connection is established. A specific exception to this general rule is that a non-terrestrial cell can be established in, for example, an airport location to serve the aircraft located in the terrain, before the takeoff of the aircraft entered the non-terrestrial cell existing in the area of space above the airport. This "ground-based" non-terrestrial cell can operate on a low power base, since the transmission range can be limited to the airport boundaries, thus avoiding interference with adjacent non-terrestrial cells. The mobile unit is typically equipped with an electronic unit that includes the transmitter, receiver, and control circuits of well-known cellular communications. The device also includes an antenna, which is typically mounted on the outer surface of the mobile unit. The mounting the antenna can be fixed directly to the mobile unit or it can be located in a separate unit that is mounted on the outer surface of the mobile unit. In the latter case, the antenna can be commanded mechanically so that the radiation configuration of the antenna elements can be aligned with the transmit and receive antennas of the cell sit to thereby increase the quality of communication between them. Alternatively, the antenna can be electronically commanded by adjusting the base and / or magnitude of the signals applied to the antenna elements of a set as is well known in this technology. The output power of the non-terrestrial transmitters can also be regulated depending on the distance of the transmitting antenna from the cell site to ensure a relatively constant signal level. - Likewise, the transmitter, receiver and control circuits can be used to serve a single microtelephone unit or can be multiplexed to serve a plurality of microtelephone units as an application in a commercial aircraft. The microphone units may be connected by cable to the electronic unit or may be wireless units of limited communication range which interconnects with the electronic unit by means of radio frequency transmissions. In the multi-user application, the electronic unit may comprise a "mini cell" in which the various microtelephone units are handled by the electronic unit in a manner analogous to that which is effected with the typical combination of cell site / central mobile communications. In this way, the microtelephone units can be of a different technology than the applications with only handsets, the electronic unit performing an integration function as well as the multiplexing function. The handsets can be personal communication disposition units (PCS), callers, multiple access units with code division (CDMA), any other device or any other wireless communication device that is used by individuals. The electronic unit receives the signals generated by the various microtelephone units and formats (if necessary) the data contained in these transmissions to the format used by the radio link transmissions of the cell site. The resulting signal is applied by means of the transmitter contained in the electronic unit to the antenna mounted on the outside of the mobile unit, which radiates the signals to the site of the cell it serves. The reverse direction communications are handled in a complementary manner as is well known. The handset units each have a unique identification that allows the fundamental cellular communications network to communicate with the unit. The electronic unit can therefore perform the registration function of the telephone peak by interrogating the existing radiotelephone units in the space served by the electronic unit in order to identify these units. These unit identification data can then be transmitted to the cell site by means of the control channels to allow the cellular network to find out the location of these particular units. Thus, when a subscriber co-bases in the field (for example) initiates a call to one of these handset units, the telecommunications exchange can scan the mobile subscriber registers to locate the identified mobile subscriber station. The data is then used by the cellular network to establish a communication link with the identified mobile subscriber unit. In this way, what can traditionally be considered as mobile base stations in the field can function as non-terrestrial subscriber stations. in the environment described above. Summary The mult.dimension cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement extends the use of existing cellular mobile telecommunication frequencies allocated for land-based communications to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations by adding a superposition of terrestrial n cells of predetermined geometry and locus in the space to the cellular cell site network based on the existing terrain. The polarization of the signals produced by the non-terrestrial antenna elements is substantially orthogonal to the polarization of the antenna signals with the ground in order to thereby minimize the possibility of interference with vertically polarized ground-based signals. Likewise, the control signals exchanged between mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations and the cell site controller are architected to avoid the possibility of interference with transmitter-receiver pairs in the cell site based on the terrain. In this way, the existing dimensional mobile cellular telecommunications network is expandable by using these novel methods and apparatus to create a multidimensional cellular mobile telecommunications arrangement using the currently allocated frequencies and the services currently provided.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system to provide cellular radiocommunication with non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations using radio frequencies allocated for land-based mobile telecommunications, comprising: at least one radio transmitter or radio transmitter for generating the communication signals transmitted to the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations, the generated communication signals comprise control signals and user data signals; at least one radio receiver or radio receiver to receive the communication signals generated by the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations, the received communication signals comprise control signals and user data signals and characterized in that the communication signals generated by the minus one radio transmitter and the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations are at the radio frequencies assigned to the land-based mobile subscriber stations and comprise at least one channel for exchanging control signals, at least one channel is selected to contain control signals P75 (!) Unable to be used by land-based mobile subscriber stations 2. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the mobile subscriber stations of terrestrial base comprises a plurality of communication channels, a first set of these communication channels will be used for the control signals and a second set of these communication channels will be used for the user's data signals, at least one radio transmitter comprises means for generating communication signals transmitted to the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations, the generated communication signals comprise a plurality of communication channels, a means for assigning a first set of the plurality generated communication channels for the user data signals, and a means to asig at least one of the plurality generated communication channels as at least one channel for the exchange of control signals, at least one channel corresponds to the communication channels in the first set of communication channels transmitted to the mobile subscriber stations from P756 ground base. 3. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to the claim 2, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the land-based mobile subscriber stations comprise radio signals of a first polarization, at least one radio transmitter comprises: a means for generating communication signals, transmitted to the mobile subscriber stations not tors. The generated communication signals comprise radio signals of a second polarization, the second polarization is different from the first polarization. 4. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to the claim 3, wherein the means for generating comprises: a signal polarizer that produces radio signals of the second polarization that is practically orthogonal to the first polarization. 5. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 3, wherein the radio signals of the first polarization are biased in a vertical direction, the means for generating comprises: a signal polarizer that produces signals of P75S radio with horizontal polarization. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations comprise a plurality of communication channels, a first set of the communication channels. communication will be used for the control signals and a second set of communication channels will be used for the user's data signals, the telecommunication system further comprising: a means for generating the communication signals, transmitted to the subscriber stations land-based mobiles, the communication signals generated comprise a plurality of communication channels; means for assigning a first set of the generated plurality of communication channels for the user's data signals; and a means for assigning at least one channel of the generated plurality of communication channels for the control signals, at least one channel corresponds to the communication channels in the first set of communication channels transmitted to the mobile subscriber stations thereof. not terrestrial. P75 < ! The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 1, wherein at least one radio transmitter comprises: means for generating communication signals comprising a plurality of communication channels; means for assigning a first set of the generated plurality of communication channels for the user's data signals; and means for assigning at least one channel of the generated plurality of communication channels for the control signals. The control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 7, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the land-based mobile subscriber stations comprise radio signals of a first polarization, at least one radio transmitter comprises in addition: a means for transmitting the communication signals generated as radio signals of a second polarization, whose second polarization is practically orthogonal to the first polarization. 9. A method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 1, for providing cellular radio communication with subscriber stations P75 ?. Non-terrestrial mobiles using radio frequencies allocated for land-based mobile telecommunications, the method comprises the steps of: operating or operating at least one radio transmitter to generate the communication signals transmitted to the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations at the radio frequencies assigned for the land-based mobile subscriber stations, the generated communication signals comprise control signals and user data signals; operating or operating at least one radio receiver to receive the communication signals generated by the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations at the radio frequencies assigned to the land-based mobile subscriber stations, the received communication signals comprise control signals and radio signals. user data; and implementing the communication signals generated by at least one radio transmitter and the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations comprise at least one channel for the exchange of the control signals, at least one channel is selected to contain the control signals incapable of be used by land-based mobile subscriber stations. 10. The method to operate a control channel P756 for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 9, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the land based mobile subscriber stations comprise a plurality of communication channels, a first set of communication channels will be used for the control signals and a second set of communication channels will be used for user data signals, the method for operating at least one radio transmitter comprises: generating communication signals, transmitted to non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations, signals of generated communication comprise a plurality of communication channels; allocating a first set of the generated plurality of communication channels for the user's data signals; and assign at least one channel of. the generated plurality of communication channels as at least one channel for the exchange of control signals, at least one channel corresponds to the communication channels in the first set of communication channels transmitted to the land-based mobile subscriber stations. 11. The method to operate a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system P756 according to claim 10, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the land based mobile subscriber stations comprise radio signals of a first polarization, the method for operating at least one radio transmitter comprises: generating communication signals, transmitted to the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations, the generated communication signals comprise radio signals of a second polarization, the second polarization is different from the first polarization . The method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 11, wherein the step of the generation comprises radio signals of the second polarization that is practically orthogonal to the first polarization. The method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 11, wherein the radio signals of a first polarization are polarized in a vertical direction, the generation step comprises radio signals of horizontal polarization. 14. The method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 9, wherein the signals of P75I. communication transmitted to the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations comprise a plurality of communication channels, a first set of communication channels will be used for the control signals and a second set of communication channels will be used for the data signals of the Finally, the method for operating the telecommunication system further comprises: generating communication signals, transmitted to land-based mobile subscriber stations, the generated communication signals comprise a plurality of communication channels; allocating a first set of the generated plurality of communication channels for the user's data signals; and assigning at least one channel of the generated plurality of communication channel signals for the control signals, at least one channel corresponds to the communication channels in the first set of communication channels transmitted to the mobile non-terrestrial subscriber stations . The method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 9, wherein the method for operating at least one radio transmitter comprises: generating communication signals comprising a plurality of communication channels; allocating a first set of the generated plurality of communication channels for the user's data signals; and assigning at least one channel of the generated plurality of communication channels for the control signals. The method for operating a control channel for a non-terrestrial mobile telecommunication system according to claim 15, wherein the communication signals transmitted to the land based mobile subscriber stations comprise radio signals of a first polarization, the method to operate at the same time a radio transmitter further comprises: transmitting the generated communication signals as radio signals of a second polarization, the second polarization of which is practically orthogonal to the first polarization. P756 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The multidimensional mobile cellular telecommunication system extends the use of existing mobile cellular telecommunication radio frequencies allocated for terrestrial base communications with non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations by adding an overlay of non-terrestrial cells of predetermined geometry and place or location in the network space of the existing land base cellular site. The polarization of the signals produced by the elements of the non-terrestrial antenna is a polarization that is different from the polarization of the cellular radio signals and, preferably, practically orthogonal to the polarization of said radio signals produced by the base antennas. terrestrial, such as a horizontal polarization, to thereby minimize the possibility of interference with vertically polarized ground-based radio signals. In addition, the control signals exchanged between the non-terrestrial mobile subscriber stations and the controller of the Non-terrestrial cellular site have an architecture or are designed to avoid the possibility of interfering with the transmitter-receptor pairs of the land-based cell site. In particular, the control channels used for the mobile subscriber stations do not P75Í terrestrial are selected in such a way that the control signals transmitted on these channels are unrecognizable by the land-based mobile subscriber stations and the transmitter-receiver pairs of the cell site, so that even if they are broadcast or transmitted from a station of non-terrestrial mobile subscriber and arrive at the land-based mobile subscriber station or cellular site receiver, they can not be interpreted and rejected immediately. P756