MXPA99000291A - Electronic system for the supervision of containers and storage tanks that handle fluids danger - Google Patents
Electronic system for the supervision of containers and storage tanks that handle fluids dangerInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA99000291A MXPA99000291A MXPA/A/1999/000291A MX9900291A MXPA99000291A MX PA99000291 A MXPA99000291 A MX PA99000291A MX 9900291 A MX9900291 A MX 9900291A MX PA99000291 A MXPA99000291 A MX PA99000291A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- containers
- electronic device
- further characterized
- storage tanks
- fluids
- Prior art date
Links
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Abstract
An electronic system is described for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, which allows the safe operation of the containers and / or tanks by means of the use of a device that allows the measurement of changes in level and temperature. with very high resolution and stability. The device allows to obtain the data of product level, water level and temperature without requiring special temperature detectors, by means of the use of ultrasonic probes that do not have electronic elements that can be damaged, moving parts that could fail or require constant maintenance, and that also do not require electrical power
Description
"ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR THE SUPERVISION OF CONTAINERS AND STORAGE TANKS THAT HANDLE DANGEROUS FLUIDS"
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to the techniques used for the improvement of the safety in the handling of dangerous fluids, and more particularly it is related to the electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, and with a device electronic and an ultrasonic probe used in it.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For several years systems have been developed to monitor the level of fluids that are contained in various storage tanks or tanks. Among the main reasons for carrying out such surveillance is the need to perform an early leak detection, especially when the fluid is dangerous, as well as to have knowledge of the inventories of the fluids confined in these containers or storage tanks. A large number of these fluids are dangerous in nature, so they are subject to strict regulations to certify the safe operation of containers or tanks in which they are confined, which aim to prevent accidents, as well as protect the environment ambient . According to the above, an adequate monitoring of the containers or tanks in which dangerous fluids are stored avoids additional expenses, since it allows the replacement of the lost product opportunely and practically annuls any type of contingencies that could have serious consequences. Regarding the monitoring of the level in the containers or storage tanks, there is a great variety of devices in the prior art, such as that described in Mexican Patent No. 146206, in which a level detector is used that includes a probe Level detector that works by means of a mechanical oscillation system. The mechanical oscillation system comprises a device for the excitation of the oscillations and the conversion of such oscillations into electrical oscillations, which are transmitted to an output indicating device by means of an amplifier. The device described in said Mexican patent also includes a limiter of the voltage amplitude that is connected to the output of the amplifier, and a differentiation network connected to the output of the voltage amplitude limiter and electrically connected to its output with the oscillator. of impact. The disadvantage of this system is the use of a mechanical oscillator, which is susceptible to breakdowns due to the movement to which it is subjected, and therefore requires continuous maintenance and calibration to ensure that the measurements are correct and as accurate as possible. . Also, Mexican Patent No. 151057 describes an apparatus having an arrangement that allows to operate mechanically a pulsating device placed on the outside of a storage container or tank in a manner that detects induced oscillations of the container wall, wherein the frequency and The amplitude of the vibrations depends on the degree of filling of the container. To enter external contact with the wall and detect the oscillation of the wall, a transducer is adapted that emits a voltage signal representative of the vibrations of the wall, which in turn are determined by the particular degree of filling of the container. Subsequently, the output signal of the transducer is processed to obtain a sine wave that finally allows to show the value of the degree of filling. This system, despite allowing the determination of the value of the fluid level inside the container, has the disadvantage that the readings may not have the required precision, since the material with which the container is manufactured can affect the measurement; likewise, the change in the properties and characteristics of the fluid affects the readings, and mainly, the fact that the oscillator is on the outside of the container makes it vulnerable to the environment that surrounds it, and / or causes the measurements not to be correct
More recently, Mexican Patent No. 151798 describes an apparatus that includes a support adapted to be placed inside a tank, a source of electromagnetic radiation for emitting an electromagnetic radiation signal, a detector and a float adapted to float at a desired depth and that includes a deposit that * contains a fluid that has a value of "k" according to Beer's law defined in a range, in such a way that the signals emitted by the source are modulated by the fluid in the tank in an amount that it varies with changes in the location of the float and where the detector is oriented with respect to the support to detect the modulated signals and to produce a response signal representative of changes in the characteristics of the signal. In the case of this system, the readings can be affected by the mechanical operation of the float, since a fault generates an incorrect reading. Likewise, the change in the properties of the fluid as well as its capacity to absorb radiation can also affect the readings in the case that fluids with variable properties are used, as in mixtures such as gasoline. Within the technique it is accepted that for a better measurement it is recommended that the system be submersible so that in this way it is easier to detect the changes in the level of the fluid, although these are minimal, as it is presented in the Request of Mexican Patent No.
9300243. However, this patent application has as a drawback that most of the time, hazardous fluids are aggressive to the manufacturing materials of the system, so it is necessary to replace the components thereof on multiple occasions, together with the fact that the Unnoticed wear of them can induce errors in the measurement. In the previous case, electromagnetic radiation is used to carry out the measurement, however in other cases it is possible to use acoustic waves for the measurement. Such is the case of Mexican Patent No. 160259 as well as patent application No. 9102834, in which acoustic wave oscillators are used. The drawback of this type of system is that acoustic waves can be affected by external factors and therefore the measurement can be incorrect. On the other hand, it is common to use the piezoelectric properties that have certain materials for the detection and determination of the level in the containers, by taking advantage of the capacity of this type of materials to generate a mechanical vibration when applying a voltage pulse, and also of its capacity to produce a voltage when an effort or mechanical vibration is applied, that is, taking advantage of the fact that the piezoelectric effect is reversible. Using this property it is possible to measure the level of a fluid by generating a frequency due to an applied load and to capture the return frequency, where the deviation or loss of it will lead to the calculation of the fluid level. In the systems that work under the aforementioned principle, it is necessary to have a constant maintenance, as well as a calibration procedure to ensure its correct operation and try to reduce errors and the effect of noise in the measurements. Additionally, some other systems of this type require an operator with specialized knowledge to solve the problems presented by the system and correctly interpret the data obtained from it. This becomes much more critical in service stations where hazardous fluids such as fuels are handled, such as the so-called gas stations, where fuel tanks contain fluids such as gasoline and diesel that are highly dangerous and whose leakage is necessary to avoid, not only because of the risk of an explosion but also because there is a high risk of leaks to terrestrial substrates, which can create damage to the environment. Additionally, it is very common that those in charge of this type of establishment do not have the necessary technical knowledge to operate some of the most sophisticated systems. Likewise, the methods known up to now require the use of detectors to measure the level of the stored fluids, as well as the use of different detectors to measure their temperature, which increases the cost of this type of systems due to the fact that when the fluid is
Flammable, it is vital to monitor the changes in the temperature of the fluid, in addition to the level. As a consequence of the foregoing, it has been sought to eliminate the inconveniences posed by the monitoring systems of dangerous fluids currently used, by developing a system for the surveillance of systems of
storage and handling of hazardous fluids that, in addition to determining the level of a fluid accurately and accurately, fc allow to detect changes in the temperature of the same with the same accuracy and precision.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Taking into account the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids to ensure the safe operation of storage containers, as well as the protection of the environment. It is another object of the present invention to provide a
electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids that allows the control of inventories as well as the detection of fluid leaks in different parts of the containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic system for the monitoring of storage containers and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids that allows multiple tanks or container containers to be monitored at the same time. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic system for the supervision of storage containers and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids that can be operated from a personal computer. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic system for the supervision of storage containers and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids that meet the safety standards applicable to the handling of hazardous fluids and that do not require additional safety barriers. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic system for the supervision of storage containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids using a computer program that simplifies the administration of inventories and security. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids which, in addition to monitoring the tanks or container containers, allow the detection of fluid leaks in different parts of a service station. such as pipes, pumps, dispensers, etc. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for the monitoring of storage vessels and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids that is capable of handling multiple detectors for the detection of leaks. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a device for the supervision of storage containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids in order to obtain data of product level, water level and fluid temperature in a timely manner. Additionally, it is the object of the present invention to provide a device for the monitoring of storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids that allows to reduce the effect of noise and turbulence in the fluid on the signals, so that disturbances in the readings are minimal. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a device for the monitoring of storage vessels and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids that allows the measurement of changes in level and temperature with very high resolution and stability, necessary for the detection of leaks in tanks or storage containers.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic probe that does not require calibration. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic probe that can measure the fluid level from the bottom of the tank. It is yet another additional object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic probe that ensures the maximum accuracy of the level and temperature readings. It is additionally another object of the present invention, provide an ultrasonic probe of simple and practical construction, without electronic elements that can be damaged, moving parts that could fail or require constant maintenance, and that also does not require electrical power.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The novel aspects that are considered characteristic of the present invention will be established with particularity in the appended claims. However, the operation, together with other objects and advantages of the invention, will be better understood in the following detailed description of a specific embodiment, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids of the present invention. Figure 2 is a front view of the electronic device for monitoring storage containers and / or storage tanks handling hazardous fluids of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a block diagram of the operation of the electronic device of Figure 2. Figure 4A is a fragmentary sectional longitudinal sectional view of the ultrasonic probe for temperature and fluid level detection shown in Figure 1. Figure 4B is a detailed view of the lower end m of the ultrasonic probe of Figure 4, in which the transducer assembly is shown. Figure 5A is a graph of the signal of
transmission used in the system for the supervision of storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids, taking as reference the voltage behavior with respect to time. fc Figure 5B is a graph of the reception signal
used in the system for the supervision of storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids with reference to the voltage behavior with respect to time. Figure 5C is an enlargement of the trigger point or
synchronization for the transmission and reception signals used in the system for the supervision of storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids. Figure 6 is a block diagram of the operating sequence of the transmitter used in the device for monitoring hazardous fluid storage and handling systems. Figure 7 is a block diagram of the sequence of operation of the receiver used in the device for the supervision of storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids object of the present invention is designed to be used in any type of storage containers or tanks, preferably in container containers of dangerous fluids of the type used in fueling stations, such as service stations or gas stations. These fueling stations typically comprise a number of underground storage containers for fuels, such as gasoline and / or diesel. Referring now to the appended drawings, and more particularly to Figure 1 thereof, there is shown a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the electronic system for the supervision of storage containers and / or storage tanks handling hazardous fluids of the present invention, which generally comprises a computer 100; an electronic device that includes a control unit 200 connected to the computer by first connection means 101; at least one ultrasonic probe 300 for containers, connected to the electronic device 200 by means of second connection means 301; and, leak detection means 400, connected to the electronic device 200 by means of third connection means 401. The first connection means 101 preferably consist of communication cables for computers
"conventional", while the second connection means 301 preferably consist of coaxial cables and the third connection means 401 preferably consist of a pair of cables, preferably joined and shielded, of the type known as two-wire shielded cable. The computer 100 is preferably a general purpose personal computer, which includes a computer program specially designed for the monitoring system of the present invention, which can be executed to provide data processing functions obtained by the other components of the system of supervision, as well as to present them to an operator. The computer 100 can preferably be located in an office or in a control room.
To measure the levels and temperature of each of the containers to be monitored, an ultrasonic probe 300 is used, which is installed inside them. As regards the leak detection means 400, these are selected according to the specific requirements of the container and / or storage tank handling hazardous fluids in which the monitoring system of the present invention is installed. The most common requirements are: detection of motor pump spills; spill detection in dispensaries; leak detection in product lines; Leak detection in double-walled containers
(annular space); leak detection in containers (observation wells); and, detection of fuels in water tables
(monitoring wells). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the leak detection means 400 is used whose information input allows the changes in the supervised system to be translated to changes in electrical resistance, the detection means being preferably selected between float type detectors, electro-optical and conductive polymer type, which vary their electrical resistance depending on their condition. In another embodiment of the present invention, the leak detection means 400 is selected from sensing devices that respond with either a change in electrical resistance, a current signal (for example 4 to 20 mA), or simply to an open-closed contact signal. In this way, detectors different from those preferred can be used to perform the same functions, or even to detect other types of conditions such as fuel vapor detectors, fire detectors, temperature detectors, etc. As mentioned above, the leak detection means 400 is selected according to the specific needs of the storage containers and / or storage tanks handling the hazardous fluids concerned. However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, fluid detectors 410, preferably of the float type, are used for detecting spillage of motor pumps and spill detection in dispensaries; electro-optical discriminators 420, for detection of leaks in double-walled containers (annular space) and leak detection in vessels (observation wells); 430 conductive polymer detectors for detecting fuels in groundwater (monitoring wells); and, open / closed contact type detectors to detect leaks in pipes. Referring now to Figure 2, it shows the electronic device 200, which has the function of acquiring data provided by the ultrasonic probes 300 and by the leak detection means 400, as well as its transmission to the computer 100. The electronic device 200, or control unit, can be located in an area of general use, for example, in a machine room or on an electrical panel of the station. The electronic device includes a plurality of electrical connection terminals 201, consisting of
^ at least one terminal for power supply input
of 120 VAC, at least one 120VAC digital signal output terminal, and at least one 24VDC digital signal output terminal. In Figure 2, the electronic device is shown
200 that contains all the electronic components required
to acquire the information of the ultrasonic probes 300, thus being able to handle up to 8 ultrasonic probes in this way
> 300. As seen in Figure 2, the electronic device 200 is located in a cabinet 203, which
preferably includes a door (not shown in the figure), designed to be mounted in an area of general use. The electronic device comprises the following modules: an information processing module; a data acquisition module; at least one communication module
with the probes; a power source module / digital outputs; and, at least one detector information input module. Next, each of the modules forming the electronic device is described: The information processing module is constituted by a processor card 210, which contains a microprocessor that executes the computation programs of the electronic device 200. Preferably the module processing is characterized by having high speed e
^ Include the memory and peripheral elements needed to
W. Y . . 5 its operation. Also, the processor card 210 includes a plurality of communication terminals 211 for receiving and sending information by electronic signals to and from all other modules by means of their respective communication terminals, as shown in Figure 2,
as well as a communication connection terminal 202, which allows the exchange of information with the computer
> 100. The data acquisition module is in turn constituted by a data acquisition card 220 that is
handles the analog and digital processing functions required by the processing module, necessary for the generation and precise measurement of the ultrasonic pulses on which the operation of the electronic device 200 is based. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the module of
data acquisition has a capacity of 8 channels. The communication module with the probes consists of at least one communication card 230 containing the circuits for the handling of the high-energy pulses for the ultrasonic probes 300, as well as the protection circuits and
insulation that certify the safe operation of the same. In the described modality, this module has capacity for 8 ultrasonic probes 300 through the use of 2 communication cards 230. However, it is possible to modify the capacity of the module by modifying the number of cards, for example, decrease the capacity by means of the use of a card 230 to give a total capacity of 4 ultrasonic probes 300 in the electronic device 300, or increase the capacity by using more cards or cards with greater capacity of connection with the probes. The number of cards 230 to be used will depend on the number of ultrasonic probes 300 that it is desired to control. Additionally, the card 230 includes terminals for probes 231, which allow input of the information from the ultrasonic probes 300. In a further embodiment of the present invention in which there is some particular application that requires more than 8 ultrasonic probes 300 , it is possible to use even more than one control unit, provided that all of them are connected by the first connection means 101 (shown in figure 1) to the same computer 100. In another additional embodiment of the present invention, the outputs of the communication module with the probes comply with intrinsic safety requirements, suitable for connection with equipment in hazardous areas. The power source / digital outputs module, on the other hand, consists of a power card 240 that provides the power needed for the rest of the modules by means of a plurality of power terminals 241. The energy received by the power input power at the terminal of electrical connections 201 is 120 VAC, 60 Hz, and is converted to +5, ± 5 and +24 VDC, voltage required by the other modules, the 5 which is provided by the power card through the energy terminals of each module, as can be seen in figure 2. An additional function of this module is to provide the plurality of electrical connection terminals 201, which preferably includes three outputs of 120 VAC and
one of 24 VDC, for alarm / stop functions in case of emergency. ? The detector information input module has the function of receiving information from the leak detectors and sending it to the module.
, and consists of at least one communication card with detectors 250 that has the ability to handle up to 16 signals from the leak detection means 400 (shown in FIG. 1), which
I includes a plurality of terminals for wiring of
detectors 251, according to the different types of detectors required in the containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids; at least one power terminal; and, at least one communication terminal with the processor card 210. In the embodiment described, the electronic device 200 contains 2 communication cards with detectors 250 in the detector information input module, obtaining a capacity of 32 detectors in the system, as shown in figure 2. It should be mentioned that * • * - * > .. it is possible to increase or decrease the capacity of the communication card with detectors 250 through the installation of additional cards, or of cards with greater or lesser capacity. In an additional mode, the inputs to the detector information input module comply with the
intrinsic safety requirements, suitable for connection to equipment in hazardous areas. ? In addition to the cards for each module, the cabinet
203 includes a first plurality of perforations 260 for the third connection means 401; a second plurality of
perforations 261 for the second connection means 301; a removable panel 270 that supports all modules and facilitates maintenance; at least a first bore 262 for the first connection means 101; at least one second
) drilling 263 for power and output cables
digital (not shown in the figures) which respectively connect with the power input and the digital outputs on the electrical connection terminal 201. The perforations 260, 261, 262, and 263 are preferably located on the side walls of the cabinet 203 . In
In the embodiment described, the electronic device 200 includes a non-metallic conduit 280 for covering the third connection means 401, which in a further embodiment can be omitted. In Figure 3, the block diagram of the operations performed by the electronic device 200 is presented.
»5 power input of the plurality of electrical connection terminals 201, supplies power to a power source 241 where the power card 240 is located ... The power source sends signals to the digital outputs of the plurality of power terminals electrical connections 201; toward
the communication cards with the probes 230; to the microprocessor of the processor card 210; to the
? data acquisition card 220; and, towards the communication card with detectors 250. The signal that is directed to the communication card
with the probes 230 is distributed in two circuits that make up said card: a first transmitter / receiver circuit 232 and a second transmitter / receiver circuit 233. From both transmitter / receiver circuits 232 and 233, respectively, a plurality of signals are output to the ultrasonic probes 300. In one
preferred mode, said circuits 232 and 233 have four channels and additionally serve as protection and isolation circuits. In the same way, the signal that arrives at the communication card with detectors 250, is distributed in a first
detector input circuit 251 and a second detector input circuit 252. From both detector input circuits 251 and 252, respectively, signals are output to the inputs of leak detection means 400, said circuits 251 and 252 having also protection functions and being able to operate with 16 channels. From the power source 241, as already mentioned, a signal is output to an 8-bit microprocessor 211, which is contained in the processor card 210. In a preferred embodiment, the microprocessor 211 includes 8 KB in memory known as RAM (random access memory); 64 KB in memory known as ROM (read-only memory); 0.5 KB in memory known as EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory); a real-time clock; media and three parallel 8-bit ports (components not shown in the figures). The microprocessor 211 sends and receives signals from a pulse generator 221, included in the data acquisition card 220, as well as from the detector input circuits 251 and 252. The pulse generator 221 of the data acquisition card 220 , in turn includes a pulse receiver, a time base generator, an 8 channel transmitter and an 8 channel receiver (not shown in the figures). The pulse generator 221 receives and sends signals to the microprocessor 211 and the transmitter / receiver circuits 232 and 233. The signals sent by the transmitter / receiver circuits 232 and 233 pass through the pulse generator 221 to be subsequently sent to the microprocessor 211, while the signals emitted by the detector input circuits 251 and 252 are sent directly to the microprocessor 211, from which the information coming from the circuits 232, 233, 251 and 252 is sent to the computer 100 by means of the first connection means 101; said transmitter / receiver circuits 232 and 233, being directly contacted with the ultrasonic probes 300. The power source 241 supplies power to all the components, circuits, microprocessor and pulse generator. In this way, the process of acquiring and sending data is carried out within the electronic device 200. Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the form in which an ultrasonic probe 300 is formed is observed in these. The ultrasonic probe 300 It is used for the measurement of fluid levels and temperature in containers. As you can see it is a simple element, without electronic components or moving parts, so it is durable construction and suitable for the intended use. The ultrasonic probe 300 is formed by a main body 310, which includes a plurality of perforations 311, preferably evenly distributed along the surface thereof to allow the entry of fluid, which have the function of attenuating the effect of the turbulence or vibration that could exist in the fluid. The main body 310 also serves to guide the ultrasound waves within the fluid, whereby said ultrasound waves propagate primarily in the longitudinal direction only. Likewise, the ultrasonic probe 300 includes a plurality of reference rods 320, distributed inside the main body 310, whose function is to serve as ultrasound reflectors, in such a way as to allow the determination of the speed of propagation of the ultrasound in the fluid. Additionally, the ultrasonic probe 300 includes a transducer 330 with piezoelectric properties, which performs the function of detection and communication with the electronic device 200 by means of the second connection means 301. In the preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic probe 300 shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the main body 310 consists of a conductive tube, preferably made of a material highly resistant to the attack of chemical substances and with a low coefficient of expansion by temperature. In a specific embodiment, the conductive tube is made of glass fiber. It is important to mention that the fact that the material has a low coefficient of expansion per temperature is fundamental for the proper functioning of the ultrasonic probe 300, since the reference rods 320 are placed inside the conductive tube 310, which must retain their position even with changes in temperature, since otherwise, errors in the measurements would be caused. The reference rods 320 preferably have
1/8 inch diameter, approximately, and inserted
- ^ perpendicular, from end to end, inside the body
of the probe 310 and distributed along the same, having precise dimensions from the position of the transducer 330, which depend on the type of fluid that is in the container, as well as the regulations applicable to the same fluid. In a specific embodiment of the monitoring system in which fluids are handled with properties similar to those of diesel and gasoline, a probe is preferably used in which all the reference rods 320 are above the maximum permitted water level, and at 15 that at least one pair of reference rods 320 is submerged to determine the fluid temperature and the water level. When handling fluids with properties similar to? those of diesel and / or gasoline, are preferably used 8
reference rods 320 placed respectively at 30, 55,
80, 130, 180, 230, 280 and 330 cm from the active face of the transducer 330. In a further embodiment, the reference rods 320 are preferably made of stainless steel, for better compatibility with the fluids to be measured. and so that these rods are not affected by the constant contact with the fluids avoiding possible measurement errors. The transducer 330, shown in detail in Figure 4B, is the fundamental part of the probe 300 and is at the lower end thereof. Figure 4B shows a disk 331 of material with piezoelectric properties. Said disc 331 is capable of generating a mechanical vibration when a voltage pulse is applied, just as it is capable of producing a voltage when a mechanical force or vibration is applied on it. Disc 331 has a resonance frequency given mainly by its dimensions, which must be selected according to the fluid that is handled. In the mode in which fluids with properties similar to diesel and / or gasoline are handled, a disc of approximately 500 KHz is used, which is a frequency that is transmitted adequately by said fluids, and manufactured with a material of low factor "Q "(high vibration damping), that is, that it has a low ratio between its resonance reactance and its effective resistance, which helps attenuate the vibration of the disc more quickly after an ultrasound pulse is transmitted. The piezoelectric disc 331 is assembled within a base body 332 of non-conductive, preferably polymeric corrosion resistant material, in conjunction with a buffer layer 333 located on the bottom of the disc 331 which decreases the propagation of the ultrasound in the downward direction, contrary to the direction of interest. In the embodiment described, the base body 332 has an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the main body 310 of the probe 300 and includes a housing in its lower part, of such dimensions as to allow the insertion of the piezoelectric disk 331 of so that the lower surface of the base body-disc assembly is uniform and can be covered by the buffer layer 333. Additionally, the base body 332 is protected
through a receptacle 336 of corrosion-resistant metallic material whose outer diameter is * suitable to be assembled within the internal diameter of the main body 310 and which includes a housing in its upper part of dimensions such as to allow assembly of the body assembly
base-disc-damping layer therein, said receptacle 336 including an insulating material 334 on its bottom surface to prevent electrical contact between the receptacle 336 and the container being monitored. p The damping disc-layer assembly is subjected to a
The method of encapsulation to form the base body 332, preferably made of a material that supports the action of the fluid being measured, so that the disc 331 is completely isolated from the environment, leaving only the second connection means 301 from the transducer 330. that will serve
for connection to the electronic device 200. The finished transducer 330 has dimensions suitable for mounting on the tube 310 of the probe 300. In the embodiment described, the transducer 330 additionally has a suppressor resistance 335, the
Which is used to discharge electrostatic charges that can be produced on the disk 331 of the transducer 330, since the disk 331, being piezoelectric, can generate high voltages when struck or under other circumstances. The suppression resistor 335 directly connected in bypass to the disk 331 discharges the same and prevents it from being
produce a spark due to these voltages. In the same embodiment, the suppression resistance 335 is found in the
) base body 332 together with disk 331, and their connection points are fully embedded in the same base body 332, thereby eliminating the possibility of
disconnect accidentally. It is worth mentioning that numerous modifications are possible to the transducer 330, since the only indispensable elements for its operation are the piezoelectric disk 331 interconnected with the second means of
connection 301 and the base body 330 with the dimensions suitable for its assembly with the main body 310, so that it is possible to dispense with any of the other elements of the transducer 330 described above, with the disadvantages that this could bring to the system. 25 The operation of the electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids and the way in which the parameters of interest are determined is as follows: the basic function of the device is the measurement of fluid levels, levels of water in them, and temperatures in the containers. This function is carried out by the ultrasonic probes 300 in * conjunction with the electronic device 200; from the information of levels and temperatures, the set of programs resident in the computer 100 performs all the functions of presentation, operation, reports and tests required by the user. The operation sequence for measuring a tank is as follows, according to figures 3 and 5: The transmitter / receiver circuits 232 or 233 of the electronic device generate a voltage pulse to excite the transducer 330. This pulse is a complete cycle of sine wave, with approximate amplitude of 160V peak-peak and with frequency of 500 KHz (Figure 5A), this pulse is transmitted by the second connection means 301 to the transducer 330 of the probe 300. The disk 331 of the transducer 330 is It is deformed by the action of the transmitted pulse, generating an ultrasonic vibration (ultrasound) in response to the voltage pulse. The ultrasound is transmitted from the transducer 330 to the fluid and travels through it at a speed given by the type of fluid and the temperature of the fluid. The ultrasound pulse is guided by the conductive tube 310 that makes up the probe 300, so it propagates vertically upwards. The ultrasound pulse is reflected on the reference rods 320, as well as at the points at which the propagation medium changes characteristics, for example, the fuel-water interface and the fluid surface. The reflections of the ultrasound pulse are in turn ultrasound pulses of lower amplitude, which are propagated in a vertical direction by the ultrasonic probe 300 back to the transducer 330. The disk 331 of the transducer 330, being bidirectional, responds to the pulses of reflected ultrasound generating electric pulses (voltage) of form and
amplitude corresponding to said ultrasound pulses as shown in Figure 5B in which the reception signals are observed with trains of pulses of 500 KHz and variable amplitude where the signals 502 that come from the reference rods 320 have an amplitude significantly less than
the signals 503 coming from the surface of the liquid, there being a relationship between the difference in the signals and the level of the container. The voltage pulses generated by the transducer 330 are transmitted by the second means of flft connection to the transmitter / receiver circuits 302 or 303
contained in the electronic device 200 of the electronic device. The electronic device 200 measures the propagation times from the transmitted pulse to each of the received pulses. Based on these times, the
microprocessor 210 of the electronic device 200 calculates the data of interest, levels and temperatures.
The transmit / receive circuits 232 and 233 each consist of a sequential circuit which operates synchronized with a master oscillator, which operates as a time base and is located in the pulse generator 221, having high stability and a frequency of 40 MHz . This time base is used to synchronize both the transmitter and the receiver that are in the transmitter / receiver circuits 232 and 233. The transmitter includes a circuit DLP (Programmable Logic Device, PLD for its acronym in English) and circuit selection of channel contained in the data acquisition card 220, as well as the control circuits (exciters) and protection and isolation elements contained in the communication card with probes 230; whose interactions are shown in figure 6. Under the command of the microprocessor 211, the transmitting DLP generates the pulses to be transmitted. The channel selection circuit is responsible for enabling the corresponding controller, and the latter provides the necessary energy for the output pulse, using two controllers as a way to form a complete bridge (assembly known as "full-bridge") for each channel . The protection and isolation elements couple this pulse to the second connection means 301 of the probe 300 to be measured. These protection and isolation elements include isolation transformers and voltage coupling capacitors. The receiver is composed of a sequential circuit, also implemented by a DLP, as well as a section of high-speed analog circuits. The receiver circuit is synchronized by the same master oscillator used for the transmitter. (Figure 7) The pulses received from the ultrasonic probe by means of the transducer are coupled by the protection and isolation circuit to the inputs of a multiplexer circuit. The channel selection given by the processor determines the signal which of the channels will be transmitted to the rest of the analog circuit. The selected signal passes from the multiplexer to a programmable gain amplifier circuit, and to a comparator circuit. The outputs of the latter are received by the receiver's DLP. The processor controls all the functions of the receiver, so that it can discriminate between the set of pulses that are received, which signal corresponds to the surface of the fluid and to each of the submerged reference rods 320. This is achieved by controlling the gain of the amplifier, the time limits or "window" in which the signals will be received and the amplitude of them. The design of the transmitter and receiver makes it possible to measure the propagation times of the ultrasound to the surface of the fluid and to the reference rods 320 very accurately. This is ensured by taking into account the following: a) Both the transmitter and the receiver are synchronized with the same master oscillator. The transmitted signal is totally accurate in form and time, and the receiver measures propagation times from a fixed point with respect to said transmitted signal as shown in Figure 5C where the trigger or synchronization point for the signals is presented. Transmission and reception 501 (zero crossing of the first cycle, negative direction). b) The received signal is very variable in amplitude and shape, depending on factors such as cable lengths, particular signal (surface echo, reference rod echo), as well as distance between the transducer and the surface or rod of reference (ultrasound signals are attenuated with distance). The receiver, under control of the processor, adjusts its gain to maintain a consistent signal amplitude, in order to avoid errors by signals too intense or too weak. c) The receiver is a high-speed sequential circuit, which detects the propagation times to a given signal, marking the same point of the signal
(zero crossing of the first cycle of the reflection signal, in the negative direction), in all cases, with which maximum accuracy is achieved in the readings, since these readings do not depend on the amplitude of the received signals (Figure 5C) Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the transmitter that is part of the transmitter / receiver circuit 232 or 233, which is part of the equipment, and which consists of: a time base element 601; a DLP circuit 602; a zener barrier 607; integrated circuits of controllers 604; 605 protection and isolation circuits; and, a channel selection circuit 606. Preferably, the time base element 601 is a high stability quartz crystal oscillator, which generates a signal -of 40 MHz in this case-, with which all the signal is synchronized. Transmitter and receiver operation. The DLP 602 circuit is an integrated circuit that contains logic circuitry that can be programmed by the designer, to perform specific functions. In the modality that is described, a circuit of high speed and medium complexity is used. The functions to be executed by this DLP 602 circuit are defined by a language consisting of machines of sequential states and co-national logic circuits. The functions it performs are: - Generation of the transmission pulses, which generates two signals to excite the "controllers" at 180 degrees out of phase. The signals correspond to a complete cycle of 500 KHz exactly. - Generation of the delay signal for the receiver, which generates a signal that disables the receiver for a variable time (defined by the processor), in such a way that ~ * t can be discriminated between the different received echo signals. 5 - Generation of diverse control signals such as channel selection, transmitter enable, etc. The zener 607 barrier is a circuit that limits the energy, which is in the power supply line of the controllers and does not allow the passage of sufficient energy to
the same to cause problems in the dangerous area. It consists of zener diodes (redundant), resistances of f current limitation and fuses (not shown). The integrated circuits of controllers 604, on the other hand, are responsible for generating the signals with the energy necessary to activate the ultrasonic transducers; for which an instantaneous power of the order of 60-70 watts is used, with a duration of the transmission pulse of only 2 μ-sec, so the energy required is very small. The controllers are responsible for delivering this necessary power to 20 transducers. Only one controller is activated at a time, based on the channel selection signals produced by the transmitter DLP 602. The protection and isolation 605 circuits are for each channel and consist of a transformer
pulses (which provides insulation), and a high-voltage coupling capacitor. These components provide sufficient protection against the application of excessive energy to the 300 probes, even in case of failures. In addition, the circuits of the probes are connected to ground as an additional protection. The channel selection circuit 606 receives information from the microprocessor 211 of the processor card 210, with respect to the probe of interest, and as its name indicates, it selects the most suitable channel for the acquisition of data therefrom. The way of operating the transmitter is as described below. The processor sets both the transmitter and the receiver the following parameters: channel to be used according to the probe of interest; receiver enable delay time; and, gain for the programmable gain amplifier. Once said parameters are set, the channel selection circuit 606 determines which of the control circuits 604 will be enabled to transmit the pulses. Next, the processor 211 sends a signal to the transmitter DLP circuit 602, which in turn generates the transmission pulses that drive the controllers 604. Only the previously enabled controller works by transmitting pulses of high energy to excite the transducer of the corresponding probe 300, passing through the respective protection and isolation circuit 605. It should be noted that the pulses generated by the transmitter DLP circuit 602 are synchronized by the signal of a master or time base oscillator 601, the same signal being used to synchronize the receiver. ^ 604 control circuits are powered
of 24 VDC by means of the power terminals 241 of the power card 240, said power passing through the zener barrier 607, which, as already mentioned, limits the energy that can pass to said control circuits 604, even in case of failure. On the other hand in Figure 7 there is a diagram of the pulse receiver that is part of the transmitter / receiver circuit 232 or 233 fc. The pulse receiver consists of: the protection and isolation circuits 605; the channel selection circuit 606; a receiver DLP circuit 701; a programmable gain amplifier 702; a comparator circuit 703; a voltage reference element 704; and, a time base element 601. The protection and isolation circuits 605 are the same as those described above, where the received signals (ultrasound echo pulses from the probes) are coupled by the protection and isolation circuit
605 already described. The channel selector 606 is a multiplexer circuit which, depending on the channel selection signals (generated by the transmitter DLP 602) selects or connects one of the probe signals 300 to the rest of the receiver DLP circuit 701.
Preferably, an integrated circuit with high-speed 8-input to 1-output analog switch is used. This same circuit receives the reception delay signal (and r, mentioned), and for the duration of that signal does not allow
the passage of no signal to the receiver 701. From the channel selector 606 a signal is output to the programmable gain amplifier 702 which is responsible for amplifying the signals of the received echoes to a sufficient amplitude in order to detect them. Because the signals are of very variable amplitude, an amplifier with 8 different gain values is used, which are selected by the microprocessor 211 based on the desired signal in each case. The amplifier 702 sends its signal to the comparator 703
high speed which consists of a quadruple high speed comparator, which determines when the received signals are within the permissible range of reception as well as the zero crossing of the same signal, likewise this comparator
703 receives a signal from the voltage reference 704. The
receiver DLP circuit 701 also receives a signal from oscillator 601, the processed information is sent to processor 211 from which information is also received. Obtaining the values of product level, water level and temperature of a given tank implies multiple
cycles of transmission / reception of ultrasound pulses to detect the propagation times of the sound to the fluid surface and to the reference points. A number of readings are taken from each of these times, to improve resolution by calculating averages, as well as reducing the effect of fluid turbulence on the readings. I 5 The calculation of levels and temperature is based on the following points: a) The speed of propagation of sound in fluids is different for each type of fuel, and is also dependent on
linear temperature of the same. b) The velocity of sound propagation in water is different from that of fuels, and it is also temperature dependent. c) The position of the reference rods in the ultrasonic probe is fixed. In order to allow the proper functioning of the probe, it is necessary to determine the speed of sound and the temperature coefficient of the sound velocity for the fluid of interest, by means of the tests
known for the calculation of said parameters. For effect of the formulas that follow, it is established: Pr (x) = Position of the reference rod x (m) Tr (x) = Time of propagation to the reference x (s) Ts = Time of propagation to the surface of the fluid (s) Vp20 = Speed of sound @ 20 ° C, in fluid (m / s) Va20 = Speed of sound @ 20 ° C, in water (m / s) Vpr = Speed of sound @ actual temperature in the fluid (m / s) Var = Speed of sound @ actual temperature in water (m / s) Vr = Speed of measured sound @ actual temperature (m / s) CTp = Temperature coefficient of the speed, in the fluid (m / s. ° C) CTa = Temperature coefficient of the speed, in the water (m / s. ° C) Vpr = Sound speed @ current temperature in the fluid (m / s) Var = Speed of sound @ current temperature in water (m / s) ^^ Np = Product level (m) ^ p Na = Water level (m) Temp = Temperature average of the fluid (° C) V = Velocity of sound propagation in the fluid (m / s) a) Calculation of the level of product: The fluid level in the tank is determined from the time of propagation of the ultrasound from the first reference rod to the surface and back, as well as to the average sound velocity in the fluid. The first calibration rod is used as a reference, to rule out any effect of the water in the lower part of the tank (if present). Thus:
Np = (Ts - Tr (0)) * Vpr + Pr (0)
b) Calculation of the water level The water level in the tank is determined taking into consideration the different propagation velocities of the tank.
sound in the water and in the fuel, at a given temperature. It is assumed that the water and fuel temperature at the bottom of the tank is approximately equal to that in the next segment of the tank (height 30 to 55 cm), that is, between the first pair of references. 20 Na = Pr (0) * Va20 * (Vpr * Tr (0) -Pr (0)) / (Vpr-Var)
This way of calculating the water level has the advantage that water can be detected from the point where the water exceeds the active face of the transducer 330, unlike other methods that are based on the measurement of the echo time. of the water-fuel interface, which has a dead area of the order of several centimeters before it can perform the detection. 10 c) Calculation of temperature The temperature of the fluid is obtained from the equation for the speed of sound in the fluid, which is that of a straight line of the type: 15 V = Vp20 + (1 + CTp) * (Temp - twenty)
The parameters Vp20 and CTp are different for each, 4fc fluid of interest. These parameters have been measured by means of experimental procedures known in the state of the art. From this equation, knowing the parameters
Vp20 and CTp for the product in question, and given the measured speed between a pair of references, the
average fluid temperature between the pair of references used.
The speed between any pair of references (x, y) is given by:
Vr = (Pr (x) - Pr (y)) / (Tr (x) -Tr (y))
Then the temperature will be given by:
Temp = 20 + (Vr - Vp20) * CTp
The electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with everything described above, is designed to detect level changes of 0.001 cm and temperature changes of 0.005 ° C. 15 In accordance with what has been described above, it can be observed that the electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, has been devised to carry out effective and | efficiently supervising the level and temperature of the
fluids contained in said containers, and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the electronic system for the monitoring of containers and / or storage tanks handling hazardous fluids described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are
only illustrative but not limitative of the present invention, since numerous changes of consideration in their details are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Likewise, it will be possible to observe that the electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, has been devised to allow an optimal, exact and precise control of the fluid levels and of their leaks, and it will be evident to any expert in the field that the modalities of the monitoring system of the present invention, described
above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, are only illustrative but not limitative of the present
? k invention, since numerous changes of consideration in their details are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. 15 Additionally, it is important to note that this system is not limited to the use in storage systems and handling of dangerous fluids, since it can be used in any type of container and for any fluid faith, performing the required tests to determine the
characteristics, properties and parameters necessary for calculating the properties of the fluid in question. Even though several specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it should be emphasized that numerous modifications to the
same, such as the number of probes, the characteristics of the materials with which the probes and their components are manufactured, the number of control cards, the type of logical processors, the number of containers that can be handled, the number and the distribution of the reference rods, the physical organization of the modules, etc. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered as restricted except by what is required by the prior art and by the spirit of the appended claims.
Claims (64)
- - 1.- An electronic system for the supervision of 5 containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, of the type comprising at least one computer interconnected to at least one electronic monitoring device which in turn is interconnected to level detecting means, means for detecting temperature and 10 Fluid leak detection means, characterized in that the level detection means and the temperature detection means are at least one ultrasonic probe for the detection of fluid level and temperature, and because the electronic device receives signals coming from the 15 leak detection means and signals from the ultrasonic probes, which are processed by the device to allow the monitoring of at least one container and / or tank through the computer. |
- 2. - An electronic system for the supervision of 20 containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 1, further characterized in that the ultrasonic probe comprises a main body including a plurality of perforations, a plurality of rods. of reference located in your 25 interior and a transducer element with piezoelectric properties
- 3. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks handling hazardous fluids, according to claim 2, further characterized in that the electronic device generates a voltage pulse that is transmitted to excite the transducer of the ultrasonic probe, which generates an ultrasonic vibration or ultrasound in response to the voltage pulse, said ultrasound being transmitted at a given speed by the fluid and guided by the main body of the probe in vertical direction upwards, being reflected both in the reference rods and at points where the means of propagation of the ultrasound changes characteristics, which results in reflected ultrasound pulses of lower amplitude propagating in the vertical direction back to the transducer, which responds to them with the generation of electrical pulses of shape and amplitude corresponding to the reflected ultrasound pulses, there being a relation between the difference in the signals and the level of the container, said electrical pulses generated by the transducer being transmitted to the electronic device, which measures the propagation times that pass from the transmission of the pulse generated by the electronic device initially until the reception of each of the electrical pulses generated by the transducer, thus performing the calculation of levels and temperatures based on pre-established parameters of the electronic device.
- 4. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 3, further characterized by the voltage pulse that is detected. transmits from the electronic device is a complete sine wave, with an approximate amplitude of 160V peak-peak and with a frequency of 500 KHz.
- 5. - An electronic system for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 3, further characterized in that the voltage pulse that is transmitted from the electronic device is completely accurate in form and time , and the propagation times are measured by the device from a fixed point with respect to said transmitted pulse.
- 6. An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, according to claim 3, further characterized in that the electronic device adjusts its gain to maintain a consistent signal amplitude when receiving electrical pulses. generated by the transducer, in order to avoid errors by signals too intense or too weak.
- 7. An electronic system for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 3, further characterized by the electronic device, by detecting the times of propagation of ultrasound based on electrical pulses generated by the transducer, always marks the same point of reference, with which maximum accuracy in the readings is achieved, since these readings do not depend on the amplitude of the received signals.
- 8. - An electronic system for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 3, further characterized in that the electronic device obtains the values of product level, water level and temperature of a container and / or tank given by multiple cycles of transmission / reception of ultrasound pulses to detect the propagation times of the sound to the surface of the fluid and to the reference points, taking a number of readings of each of these times, to improve the resolution by calculating averages, as well as to reduce the effect of fluid turbulence on the readings.
- 9. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 1, further characterized in that the computer includes a program (software) specially designed for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, which can be executed to provide data processing functions obtained through the electronic monitoring device, as well as to present them to an operator .
- 10. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 1, further characterized in that the system uses an ultrasonic probe for the measurement of level and temperature in each of the containers to be monitored, these being installed inside them.
- 11. An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 1, further characterized in that the leak detection means, to be coupled with the electronic device, include an input of information that allows to translate changes in the system to changes in electrical resistance.
- 12. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 11, further characterized in that the leak detection means are selected among float type detectors, of the electro-type. optical and conductive polymer type, which vary their electrical resistance depending on their condition.
- 13. - An electronic system for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 1, further characterized in that the leak detection means, for coupling with the electronic device, have an input of information such as to translate changes in the system to changes in the current signal.
- 14. An electronic system for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 13, further characterized in that the current signal changes are on a scale of approximately 4 to 20 mA.
- 15. - An electronic system for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 1, further characterized in that the leak detection means, for coupling with the electronic device, have an input of information such as to translate changes in the system to an open-closed contact signal.
- 16. - An electronic device for monitoring storage containers and / or tanks that handle hazardous fluids, of the type comprising at least one cabinet containing a plurality of data processing elements, which is interconnected to a computer where information is recorded, processed and displayed, to fluid level detection means in containers, to fluid temperature detection means, and to fluid leak detection means, characterized in that the level detecting means and the means of Temperature detection are at least one ultrasonic probe for the detection of fluid level and temperature, and because the electronic device has the ability to allow the reception of a plurality of signals from the ultrasonic probes and a plurality of signals from the leak detection means, which are processed by the device to allow monitoring of at least one container and / or tank through the computer.
- 17. An electronic device for the supervision of storage containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the electronic device comprises a plurality of terminals for electrical connections. 15 to allow the supply of electric current to the electronic device; a processing module with high speed and memory, which receives and sends information to and from the other modules and / or the computer; a data acquisition module that is responsible for the functions of 20 analog and digital processing necessary for the generation and accurate measurement of ultrasonic pulses from a communication module with the probes, said communication module handling high energy pulses for the ultrasonic probes while certifying the safe operation of the 25 same; a power source module / digital outputs that provides the necessary energy for the rest of the modules by distributing the energy coming from the terminal of electrical connections at the appropriate voltages; and, a detector information input module that has the function of receiving information from the leak detection means and making it reach the processing module.
- 18. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the device is interconnected with the computer, with the ultrasonic probes and with the detection means leakage using conventional connection means, preferably selected between communication cables for computers; coaxial cables; and, two-wire shielded cables, respectively.
- 19. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the computer includes a program (software) specially designed for the electronic device, which can be executed to provide data processing functions obtained by the other components of the electronic monitoring device, as well as to present them to an operator.
- 20. An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the device is interconnected to an ultrasonic probe for level and temperature measurement by each of the containers to watch, k
- 21.- An electronic device for supervision 5 of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the means of detection, of leaks, to be coupled with the electronic device, include an entry of information such as to translate changes in he 10 system to changes of electrical resistance.
- 22. An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 21, further characterized in that the means for detecting leaks are 15 select between float type, electro-optical type and conductive polymer type detectors, which vary their electrical resistance depending on their state.
- 23. - An electronic device for the supervision b of containers and / or storage tanks that handle 20 dangerous fluids, according to claim 16, further characterized in that the means of leak detection, to be coupled with the electronic device, have an information input such as to translate changes in the system to changes in current signal.
- 24. 24. An electronic device for the monitoring of storage containers and / or tanks handling hazardous fluids, according to claim 23, further characterized in that the current signal changes are on a scale of approximately 4 to 20 mA .
- 25. An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 16, further characterized in that the leak detection means, to be coupled with the electronic device, have an input of information such as to translate changes in the system to an open-closed contact signal.
- 26.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 17, further characterized in that the plurality of electrical connection terminals consist of at least one terminal for 120 VAC supply voltage input, at least one digital signal output terminal of 12OVCA, and at least one digital 24VDC signal output terminal.
- 27.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, according to claim 17, further characterized in that the processing module consists of a processor card, which contains a microprocessor that executes computer programs of the electronic device; a plurality of communication terminals for receiving and sending information by means of electronic signals to and from all other modules by means of their respective communication terminals; and one ^ terminal of communication connections, which allows the exchange of information with the computer.
- 28.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 17, further characterized by the data acquisition module 10 consists of a data acquisition card that has a capacity of 8 channels.
- 29. An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 17, 15 further characterized in that the communication module with the probes consists of at least one communication card with probes with a capacity for 4 ultrasonic probes which in turn includes a plurality of terminals for probes, which allow the entry of information from of the 20 ultrasonic probes.
- 30. An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 17, further characterized in that the outputs of the module of 25 communication with the probes comply with intrinsic safety requirements, suitable for connection with equipment in hazardous areas.
- 31. An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 17, further characterized in that the power source module / digital outputs consists of a power card that provides the energy required for the rest of the modules by means of a plurality of power terminals, and provides three outputs of 120 VAC and one of 24 VDC by means of the plurality of terminals of electrical connections for alarm / stop functions in case of emergency .
- 32. An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, according to claim 17, further characterized in that the energy received by the plurality of terminals of electrical connections is 120 VAC, 60 Hz , and is converted to +5, ± 5 and +24 VDC, voltage required by the other modules.
- 33. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 17, further characterized in that the detector information input module consists of at least one communication card with detectors that have the ability to handle up to 16 signals from the leak detection means, which in turn includes a plurality of terminals for detector wiring, according to the different types of detection means required in the containers and / or tanks; at least one power terminal; and, at least one communication terminal with the processing module.
- 34. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 17, further characterized in that the inputs to the detector information input module meet the intrinsic safety requirements, suitable for connection to equipment in hazardous areas.
- 35. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 27, further characterized in that the microprocessor is 8-bits and includes 8 KB in the memory known as RAM ( random access memory); 64 KB in memory known as ROM (read-only memory); 0.5 KB in memory known as EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory); a real-time clock; means of communication with the computer; and, three parallel 8-bit ports.
- 36.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claims 27, 28, 29, 31 and 33, further characterized in that the card of "Power" includes a power input that supplies power from the electrical connection terminal to a power source, which in turn sends signals to a power source. ^ plurality of digital outputs, towards cards 5 communication with probes, to the microprocessor of the processor card, to the data acquisition card and to the communication card with detectors.
- 37.- An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle 10 hazardous fluids, according to claim 36, further characterized in that the signal that is directed to the communication card with probes is distributed in a first transmitter / receiver circuit and a second transmitter / receiver circuit that make up the communication card with probes from which a plurality of signals are output to the ultrasonic probes, respectively.
- 38.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 37, characterized in that the first and second transmitter / receiver circuits have protection and isolation functions and the capacity to manage four channels.
- 39.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle 25 dangerous fluids, according to claim 36, further characterized in that the signal that is directed to the communication card with detectors is distributed in a first detector input circuit and a second detector input circuit, from which signals are output to the inputs of the leak detection means, respectively, i in addition to sending and receiving signals from the microprocessor.
- 40.- An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 39, further characterized in that the first and second detector input circuits have protection functions and can operate with channels.
- 41.- An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 37, further characterized in that the data acquisition card includes a pulse generator, which sends and receives signals from and to the microprocessor and the first and second transmitter / receiver circuits.
- 42. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 41, further characterized in that the pulse generator includes a pulse receiver, a time base element, a 8-channel transmitter and an 8-channel receiver.
- 43. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 42, further characterized in that the time base element has high stability and a frequency of 40 MHz, being used for • synchronize the transmitter and the receiver. 5
- 44.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 43, further characterized in that the transmitter includes a DLP circuit; channel selection circuits for enabling the corresponding controller, the latter providing the energy necessary for an output pulse, using two? k controllers so as to form a complete bridge for each channel; and, protection and isolation elements that couple this pulse to connection means of the ultrasonic probe to be measured.
- 45. - An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 44, further characterized in that the protection and insulation elements include isolation transformers and voltage coupling capacitors.
- 46.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, in accordance with claim 43, 25 further characterized in that the receiver is composed of a sequential circuit, implemented by a DLP and a section of high-speed analog circuits.
- 47. - An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle ^ dangerous fluids, according to claim 46, characterized in that the pulses received from the ultrasonic probe are coupled by the protection and isolation elements to the inputs of a multiplexer circuit from where, once it is selected by the module of processing, passes from the multiplexer to an amplifier circuit 10 of programmable gain, and to a comparator circuit, the outputs of the latter being received by the DLP of the M receiver.
- 48.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle 15 dangerous fluids, according to claim 44, further characterized in that the output pulse generated by the transmitter generates two signals to excite the controllers to 180 degrees out of phase, said signals corresponding to a complete cycle of 500 KHz exactly. 20
- 49.- An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, in accordance with claim 44, further characterized in that the transmitter generates a delay signal for the receiver, thereby generating a sign that 25 it disables the receiver for a variable time, defined by the processor, in such a way that it can discriminate between the different received echo signals.
- 50. - An electronic device for monitoring containers and / or storage tanks that handle hazardous fluids, according to claim 44, further characterized by including a zener barrier consisting of a circuit that limits the energy, which is composed of redundant zener diodes, current limiting resistors and fuses.
- 51.- An electronic device for the supervision of containers and / or storage tanks that handle dangerous fluids, according to claim 47, characterized in that the multiplexer circuit is an integrated circuit with analog switch from 8 inputs to 1 output, high speed.
- 52. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container and / or storage tank, characterized in that it comprises a main body that includes a plurality of perforations to allow the entry of fluid, which have the function to attenuate the effect of the turbulence or vibration that may exist in the fluid, said main body also serving to guide ultrasonic or ultrasound vibrations within the fluid, whereby said ultrasound waves propagate primarily in the longitudinal direction only; a plurality of reference rods distributed inside the main body, whose function is to serve as reflectors of the ultrasound, in such a way as to allow the determination of the speed of propagation of the ultrasound in the fluid; and, a transducer with piezoelectric properties, • ^ which performs the function of detection and communication with an electronic device.
- 53. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 52, further characterized in that the main body is a conductive tube having the A plurality of perforations uniformly distributed along the surface of the same, made of a material highly resistant to the attack of chemical substances and with a low coefficient of expansion by temperature, to allow the reference rods to retain their position even with 15 temperature changes.
- 54. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 53, further characterized j because the material with which the conductive tube is manufactured is 20 fiberglass.
- 55. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 53, further characterized in that the reference rods are approximately 1/8 of 25 inches in diameter and are inserted perpendicular, from end to end, inside the main body of the probe and distributed along the same, having precise dimensions from the position of the transducer, which depend on the type of fluid that is in the container, as well as the regulations applicable to them. »
- 56.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 52, characterized in that when the fluid that is detected has properties similar to those of diesel and gasoline, all the rods of 10 reference are above the maximum allowed water level and at least one pair of reference rods is? Find submerged to determine the temperature of the fluid and the water level.
- 57. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of 15 temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 56, further characterized by using 8 reference rods placed at 30, 55, 80, 130, 180, 230, 280 and 330 cm from the face active transducer. 20
- 58.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 52, further characterized in that the reference rods are made of stainless steel, to allow better compatibility with 25 the fluids to be measured and so that these rods are not affected by the constant contact with the fluids, avoiding possible measurement errors.
- 59. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 52, further characterized in that the transducer has dimensions suitable for mounting at the lower end of the main body of the ultrasonic probe and comprises a disk of material with piezoelectricity properties capable of generating a mechanical vibration upon application of a voltage pulse and producing a voltage at 10 apply a mechanical force or vibration on it, whose given resonance frequency should be selected from? according to the fluid that is detected; a base body of non-conductive corrosion resistant material inside which the piezoelectric disk is located in such a way that the 15 lower surface of the base body-disc assembly, be uniform and allow the placement of a buffer layer located at the bottom of the disc, which decreases the propagation of the ultrasound in the downward direction, contrary to the direction of interest. 20
- 60.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 59, characterized in that when the fluids that are detected have properties similar to diesel and / or gasoline, it is used a disc of 25 approximately 500 KHz manufactured with a low "Q" factor material, which helps to more rapidly attenuate the vibration of the disc itself after an ultrasound pulse is transmitted.
- 61.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 59, further characterized in that the base body is manufactured in a material that supports the action of the fluids that are detected , so that the disc is totally isolated from the environment, leaving only transducer connection means that serve to 10 communicate it with the electronic device.
- 62. - An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 61, further characterized because when the fluids that are detected have properties 15 similar to diesel and / or gasoline, the base body is protected at the bottom by a receptacle made of corrosion-resistant metallic material, which includes an insulating material in the lower part to prevent electric contact between the receptacle and container.
- 63.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 59, further characterized in that the transducer has a suppression resistance directly connected in a bypass to the disk, which is 25 uses to discharge electrostatic charges that may occur on the transducer disk, since the disk, being piezoelectric, can generate high voltages when struck or under other circumstances.
- 64.- An ultrasonic probe for the detection of temperature and fluid levels contained in a container, according to claim 63, further characterized in that the suppressor resistance is in the base body together with the disk, and its connection points they are completely embedded in the same base body, eliminating the possibility of accidental disconnection.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA99000291A true MXPA99000291A (en) | 2000-12-06 |
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