MXPA98008522A - Method and apparatus for the wireless communication of multiple access systems of division of the time, that use collector arrangements for the extent of the ftaa - Google Patents

Abstract

A Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication system, which has forward channel communications and corresponding reverse channel communications, between mobile users, and a zone administrator in a large arbitrarily broadcast area, established by a broadcaster . The users are placed within the broadcasting area and the collectors are distributed in proximity to the first radio station. The zone administrator controls the selection of users and forms groups of them and to select the collectors and form groups of them, so the difference between the times of propagation from the broadcaster to the user and to the collector, in the active users, with the same collector, will not exceed a synchronization error, and the user's reverse channel signals in the collector are isolated from each other. The users are selected so that each one, in the group of them, is placed at a distance from each of the other users, in the group of them, no greater than a distance URmás. The collectors are selected so that each one, in a group of them, is placed at a distance between each of the other collectors in the group of them, no greater than a distance CRmax, where CRmax is a velor such that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collectors, are isolated

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION OF MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEMS OF TIME DIVISION, USING COLLECTOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXTENSION REACH "" RECIPROCAL REFERENCE This application is a partial continuation of application SC / No. of Series 08 / 544,913, filed on October 18, 1995, entitled: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, USING ARRANGEMENTS OF COLLECTORS, assigned to the same successor of this application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of two-way wireless communication systems and, more specifically, to methods and apparatus for communication with users of mobile telephones (cellular and personal communication systems), basic radio exchange - telecommunications, wireless data communications, two-way paging devices and other wireless systems. A portion of the description of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The owner of the copyright has no objection to the reproduction of facsimile by any person of the patent document or the description of the patent, as it appears in the file or patent registers of the Patent and Trademark Office, but, on the other hand way, it reserves all and any of the copyright.

Conventional Cellular Systems The current cellular mobile phone systems were developed due to the high demand of mobile services, which can not be satisfied by the previous systems. The cellular system "reuses" the frequency within a cell system, to provide wireless two-way radio frequency (RF) communications to a large number of users. Each cell covers a small geographical area and collectively an array of adjacent cells covers a larger geographic region. Each cell has a dedicated fraction of the total amount of the RF spectrum, which is used to support the users of cellular communications placed within the cell. The cells are of different sizes (for example macro-cells or micro-cells) and are generally of fixed capacity. The actual configurations and sizes of the cells are complex terrain functions, the man-made environment, the quality of communications and the user's required capacity. The cells are connected to each other by land lines or microwave links and to the telephone network switched to the public ("PSTN"), through telephone switches that are adapted for mobile communication. The switches provide the transfer of users from one cell to another and thus from one frequency to another, as mobile users move between the cells. "In conventional cellular systems, each cell has a base station with RF transmitters and RF receivers placed together to transmit and receive communications to and from cell users in the cell." The base station uses RF frequency bands (bearers) forward to transmit channel communications to users, and use inverse RF carriers to receive reverse channel communications from users in the cell.Conventional forward channel communications are static because they employ a fixed power, at fixed frequencies, and have fixed sectors, when antennas are used in sectors.The forward and reverse channel communications use separate frequency bands, so that simultaneous transmissions in both directions are possible.This operation is termed as double frequency domain signaling ( "FDD"). Although double time domain signaling ("TDD") is possible , in which the forward and reverse channels take turns using the same frequency band, such operation is not part of any current widespread cellular equipment.

The base station, in addition to providing the RF connectivity to users, also provides connectivity to a Mobile Phone Switching Office ("MTSO"). In a typical cellular system, one or more MTSOs will be used over the coverage region. Each MTSO can service a number of base stations and associated cells in the cellular system and supports switching operations to guide calls between other systems (such as the PSTN) and the cellular system or to guide calls within the cellular system . The base stations are typically controlled from the MTSO by means of a Base Station Controller ("BSC"). This BSC allocates RF bearers to support calls, coordinates the transfer of mobile users between base stations and monitors the reports in the state of the base stations. The number of base stations controlled by a simple MTSO depends on the traffic at each base station, the cost of the interconnection between the MTSO and the base stations, the topology of the service area and other similar factors. A transfer between base stations occurs, for example, when a mobile user travels from a first cell to a second adjacent cell. "Transfers also occur to relieve the load on a base station, which has exhausted its traffic carrying capacity or where poor quality communications are occurring The transfer is a transfer of communications for a particular user from the base station to the first cell to the base station for the second cell During the transfer, in conventional cellular systems, there is a transfer time period, during which forward and reverse communications to the mobile user are separated with the base station for the first cell and are not established with the second cell A conventional cellular system has a transfer period designated to be less than 100 milliseconds Conventional cellular equipment employs one of several techniques to reuse the RF bandwidth from one cell to another over the cellular domain. The power received from a radio signal decreases as the distance increases Between the transmitter and the receiver. All conventional frequency reuse techniques depend on the power loss to carry out the reuse plans. In a frequency division multiple access ("FDMA") system, a communication channel consists of a particular frequency and bandwidth (bearer) assigned for continuous transmission. If a bearer is in use in a given cell, it can only be reused in sufficiently separate cells of a given cell, so the reuse of signals from the site does not significantly interfere with the bearer in a given cell. The determination of how much the reuse sites should be far away and what constitutes a significant interference, are specific details of the realization. The Cellular Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) currently in use in the United States of America, uses FDMA communications between base stations and mobile cell phones. In time division multiple access ("TDMA") systems, multiple channels are defined using the same carrier. To separate the channels, each one transmits discontinuously in bursts, which are synchronized so as not to interfere with the other channels in that carrier. Typically, TDMA equipment also employs TDMA techniques. The carriers are reused from one cell to another in an FDMA scheme and in each carrier, several channels are defined using the TDMA methods. In multiple code division ("CDMA") access systems, multiple channels are defined using the same bearer and with simultaneous broadcast. The transmissions employ coding schemes, so that in a given channel on a given carrier, the power of all other channels in that carrier appears to be evenly distributed in the noise across the entire bandwidth of the carrier. A carrier can support many channels and carriers can be reused in each cell. In space-sharing multiple access systems ("SDMA"), a carrier is reused several times over a cellular domain, by the use of adoptive antennas or forming specific beams for any terrestrial or space-based transmitter.

Conventional Cellular Architectures of TDMA In TDMA systems, time is divided into time slots of a specific duration. These time slots are grouped in frames or frames, and the homologous time slots in each frame are assigned to the same channel. It is common practice to refer to the set of homologous time slots on all frames as a time slot. Each logical channel is assigned one or more time slots in a common carrier band. The radio transmissions that carry communications over each logical channel are thus discontinuous. The radio transmitter is inactive during time slots not assigned to it. Each separate radio transmission, which must occupy a single slot of time, is called a burst. Each embodiment of the TDMA defines one or more burst structures. Typically, there are at least two burst structures, that is, one for initial access and synchronization of a user to the system, and a second for routine communications, once a user has synchronized. Examples of such structures are given in Figures 2 and 3. Strict synchronization must be maintained in TDMA systems to prevent bursts comprising a logical channel from interfering with bursts comprising other logical channels in the adjacent time slots. When the bursts do not interfere, they are said to be isolated. Burst-to-burst isolation can be quantified in several ways. One measure is the minimum signal to interference ratio between the burst attempted for a time slot and the bursts attempted for the preceding and following time slots, this minimum ratio being taken over the length, which carries information, of the burst in question . When this relationship never falls below a specific performance value, the burst is said to be isolated from the adjacent bursts. In the event that this margin of safety is violated, another measure of isolation is the fraction of the total burst for which the margin is violated. This measure can be a metered measure if the importance of the data or the degree of coding protection provided to the data varies over the length of the burst. The variation of data on the burst is typical in realization of the TDMA system. The isolation of a burst of preceding and following bursts is crucial for TDMA systems. The defined burst structures are built to assist in the isolation processes. A burst theoretically can not completely fill its allocated time slot because the radio transmitters neither start nor stop transmitting instantly. The realization of the TDMA, therefore, allow time for the strength of the radio signal to rise and fall in each defined burst structure. During normal communications to and from a synchronized user, each burst does not sufficiently fill its specified time slot. A protection period TQ is inserted before and after each normal burst to allow time inequalities, multipath delays and lack of accuracy within the system. Initial bursts of synchronization for system access fill even less than one time slot than normal bursts. The long protection period T ^ Q, for synchronization bursts is used to overcome the time inequalities caused by the unknown separation between a user and the base station. Within a cell, the base station maintains a time base which users synchronize during initial access. The synchronization of the user to a particular base station is achieved by using synchronization bursts periodically sent on a specific carrier by that base station and the response synchronization bursts sent by the user. Those response transmissions will arrive delayed to the base station given by the propagation time for the radio signals on the separation between the user and the given base station. The separation is generally unknown because the users are mobile. Not only is it a delayed burst, but in the middle of multiple cell trajectories, multiple copies of bursts are received over some delayed extension, which corresponds to a reception of multiple trajectories over the reflected paths of various lengths. A digital signal processing technique, known as a compensation, is commonly used in RF communications to correct the extension and attenuation of the multipath delay. After compensation, the base station can measure a simple deviation of the delay time for the user's synchronization burst. The base station then "directs the user to correct this delay time, advancing the user's bursts over an equal time interval in time." Thus, each individual user has a time base adjusted by the base station, to ensure that the transmission of all users arrives back to the base station in synchronization with the time base of the base station.These burst structures are detailed for two conventional embodiments typical of cellular TDMA.According to the European standard defined "Global System for communication Mobile Devices "(" GEM "), which is substantially copied in the United States of America within the PCS 1900 standard, each RF carrier occupies 200 kHz of bandwidth Each carrier is divided into 577 time slots μs, organized in frames of 8 slots, which last 4,615 ms Each physical channel receives a time slot per frame, and a variety of logical channels can be built on a channel The digital coding scheme used in the GSM has a bit length of 3.69 μs. A normal voice burst consists of 148 bits of information, followed by 8.25 bits of protection time. Thus, for GSM, the norm is TQ = 8.25 bits = 30.44 μs. The reverse channel synchronization burst (in the terminology of GSM, random access) has 88 bits of signaling information, followed by 68.25 bits of protection time. Thus, for GSM, TLQ = 68.25 bits = 252 μs. According to the IS136 TMA standard, each RF carrier occupies 30 kHz of bandwidth. Each bearer is divided into time slots of 6.67 ms, organized in frames of 6 slots, which last 40 ms. Each logical channel receives two timeslots per frame. The bit length for IS136 is 20.58 μs. A normal reverse channel burst consists of 6 protection bits, 6 ramp bits and 312 bits of mixed control and data signaling. Thus, for IS136, TQ = 6 bits = 123.48 μs. The reverse channel synchronization burst has a protection period greater than 38 bits, so TLQ = 38 bits = 782.0 μs for IS136. TQ and T ^ Q are mainly used to counteract the effects of the travel time of the propagation path and the extension of the delay. These effects are collectively referred to as the tilt of time. For GSM, TQ = 30.44 μs so DQ = 9.13 Km. Similarly, T? .Q = 252 μs, so DLG = 75.6 Km. For IS136, TQ = 123.48 μs, DQ = 37.5 Km, TLG = 782.0 μs and DLG = -234.6 Km. As an additional restriction for GSM, the maximum advance of the time that can be commanded by a user is 64 bits = 236.2 μs, which equals 70.85 km. Both GSM and IS136 TDMA cellular implementations use the compensation and convolutional coding to correct the delay extension of multiple trajectories of a burst. However, if delayed versions of a burst arrive for more than TQ later, they may interfere with the burst from another source tried to arrive in the next slot. Typically, signals arriving in paths many microseconds longer than the shortest path, which is the straight line path, are received with much less force than the previous signals, and interference from one burst to another is thus tolerable. In general, for all current embodiments of the TDMA, a maximum radius of celas exists, beyond which it is not possible to synchronize the users. The maximum synchronization radius, RSinc.-max 'is found by dividing Dj_, or by 2, since the delay found for the burst of the initial synchronization is equal to the round trip time from the base station to the user and again. For a longer travel time, bursts of the initial synchronization are not completed before the end of the time slot in which they will be received, and the system will not recognize the communication as a synchronization request. So, Rsn. max = 35.4 Km for the GSM and Rsinc.-max realizations 117. 3 Km for the realizations of IS136. These distances define the cell sizes. If larger cells are desired, then channel allocation schemes that leave empty time slots between all the pairs of time slots in use can be employed, but such an operation is at the expense of capacity. According to the aforementioned background, problems of cell size and capacity, resulting from signal deviation create a need for improved wireless communication systems, which exceed the inherent capacity, cell size and other limitations of cellular systems conventional COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a communication system, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, between a plurality of mobile users and an administrator e zone in an area of arbitrarily large broadcast, established by a broadcaster that is part of a zone manager. The users are placed within the area of the broadcaster. A plurality of collectors are distributed in proximity to the area of the broadcaster at spaced locations, to receive the signals from the reverse channel from the users and forward the signals from the reverse channel to the totalizers, which are part of the zone manager. This zone manager operates to control the selection of users to form user groups and select the collectors to form groups of collectors. The users and collectors are selected so that the difference between the times of propagation from the broadcaster to the user to the collector between the active users with the same collector does not exceed a synchronization error, so that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collector are isolated from each other. In one modality, the users are selected so that each one of them, in the user group, is placed at a distance from each other of the users in the group of users, for a distance no greater than URm¿x. In a communication system, which has periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where the protection periods establish a distance from the protection period, D0, the distance URmax is, for example , approximately equal to half the distance of the protection period D0. The users in the group of them, who are placed inside a circle of radius D0 / 4, satisfy the condition. In another modality, the communications system selects collectors, so that each of these collectors in a group of them, is placed at a distance from each of the other collectors in the group of them, no greater than a distance CRm. x, where CRmx is a value such that the user's reverse channel signals in the collectors are isolated. For example, CRmax is roughly equal to the distance D0 of the protection period. In another embodiment, the totalizer combines the user's reverse channel signals for each of the users from a plurality of collectors, to form a combined signal where this combined signal for each user is isolated from the combined signal for each other. of the users, regardless of whether or not the user's reverse channel signals in the collectors are isolated. In another modality, the communication system has long periods of protection, ^ Q, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where the long periods of protection establish a distance, DLQ, of the long protection period, in that non-synchronized users are recognized when the users are within the DLQ distance of any collector, regardless of the distances of the unsynchronized users from the broadcaster. New users, which will be initially synchronized, can be recognized at arbitrarily distant distances from the broadcaster and thus the interval of the communications system is arbitrarily large. The foregoing objects and others, features and advantages of the invention, will be apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a multiple collector system for users of wireless communications in the broadcasting areas. Figure 2 shows a representation of a eight-slot TDMA frame, of the type used in GSM systems. Figure 3 shows a representation of a six-slot TDMA frame of the type used in IS136 systems.

Figure 4 shows a representation of two time slots of the TDMA in sequence, for two users. Figure 5 shows a group of users of the system of Figure 1, which has signals from each user transmitted to multiple collectors of a manifold. Figure 6 illustrates one of the user groups of the system of Figure 1, with two collectors and two users. The "Figure 7 shows a modality of the system of Figure 1, where the collectors in an array of them are placed within the CRm x each other. Figure 8 illustrates a representation of the distances of the signal paths of the embodiment of Figure 7. Figure 9 shows a system embodiment of Figure 1, in which the users placed within the URma? among themselves, they form a group of users. Figure 10 illustrates a representation of the distance of the signal paths of the embodiment of Figure 9. Figure 11 illustrates a group of users of the system of Figure 1, having signals from each user transmitted to multiple collectors of an array of collectors.

Figure 12 illustrates the synchronization of the time slot of a system mode of Figure 11, wherein the signals of each of a number of users are transmitted to different collectors and summed to form a composite signal of the user for each user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Zones With Multiple Collectors - Figure 1 In Figure 1, a zone manager (ZM) 20-1 includes a broadcaster (B) 16-1, which establishes a broadcast interval, BR_, to broadcast forward channel transmissions to a plurality of users in a first zone, defined by the interval of BR ^ _. In a similar manner, one or more other zone managers, such as the zone manager (ZM) 20-2 includes a broadcaster (B), such as the radio broadcaster 16-2, which establishes a broadcasting interval, such as BR2. , to broadcast the forward channel transmissions to a plurality of users in a second zone, defined by the interval of BR2 • The zone managers 20-1 and 20-2 of Figure 1, are controlled by a region manager 12 The details regarding the structure and operation of the region manager are described in the reciprocal reference request, previously identified. In Figure 1, the zone manager (ZM) 20-1 and the broadcaster (B) 16-1 establish the broadcast interval, BR] _, to broadcast the forward channel transmissions to a plurality of user groups 18 -1, ..., 18-c ..., 18-U, which are within the diffusion zone. User group 18-1 includes users designated U (l: l), U (l: 2), ..., U (l; Ut_), user group 18-c includes users designated U (l: c); l), ..., U (c, -u), ..., U (c, -uc), and user group 18-U includes the designated users U (U; 1), U (U; 2), ..., U (U; Utj). Each of the users of user groups 18-1, ..., 18-c, ..., 18-n (hereinafter sometimes named as users 18) has a receiving antenna to receive broadcasts in the forward channel from the 16-1 broadcaster of the zone 20-1 administration. Likewise, each of the users 18 has a transmitter, which transmits in the reverse channel, which establishes, for each user, a user interval (UR), which, in general, covers a more limited area of the one covered by the interval. of the broadcaster, BR. In Figure 1, the user interval, UR-rj (Q. - [_), is displayed for user U (c.] _). ~~ In a modality, users of group 18-1 are placed in close proximity to a collector Cl, 19-1, users of group 18-c are placed in close proximity to a collector Ce, 19-c, and users of group 18- U are placed in close proximity to a collector CU, 19-U. The collectors 19-1, ..., 19-c, ..., 19 -U (each one generally identified as a collector 19), have receiving antennas to receive the transmissions of the users 18. Each collector 19, in addition to receiving the reverse channel communications from the users 18, also has forward elements, such as a transmitter, to forward the reverse channel communications to a totalizer (A) 17-1 of the zone manager 20-1. While each of the collectors 19 in Figure 1 has been described as simple elements (collectors) placed in a single location, they can also be multiple elements (collectors, placed in different locations.) The sites of collectors 19 can be inside. of the interval BR] _ or may be beyond the BRX range, but within the range of the users 18, which are within the interval BR] _ In any case, the collectors 19 are in proximity to the broadcasting area established by BR The distances from the broadcaster 16-1 and the totalizer 17-1 to the collectors 19 can be arbitrarily large.In general, therefore, it can be assumed that any particular user (UCu) in the group placed near a particular collector Ce 19, it may be in a sufficient range from the broadcaster 16-1 to thereby infringe, in the absence of the present invention, the interval limitations for the synchronized communications of the base station-user, established in the particular embodiment of the TDMA in use. Examples of conventional TDMA synchronization are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. In relation to the present invention, the broadcaster 16-1 and the totaliser 17-1 may or may not be placed together.

Synchronization of the GSM and PCS1900 frame - Figure 2 In Figure 2, the synchronization of the TDMA frame for the GSM system is shown as an example. The time slots that include the GSM frame of different types comprise one with a large LQ protection period of 68.25 bits and one with a normal protection period TQ of 8.5 bits. The time slot with a long protection period is used during synchronization transfer and the time slot with a normal protection period is used during the transfer of information.

Frame Synchronization IS136 - Figure 3 In Figure 3, the frame synchronization of the TDMA for an IS136 system is shown as an example. Frame IS136 includes time slots of different types, including one with a normal protection period TQ having 6 protection bits (G) and 6R bits and including one with a long "protection period" TQ of 6 G bits , 12 R bits, and 38 additional bits of protection (AG). The time slot with a long protection period is used during synchronization and the time slot with a normal protection period is used during the normal transfer of information.

Synchronization dß Transmission - Figure 1 In Figure 1, a transmission time, T, of the broadcaster 16-1 of the zone manager 20-1, to any user 18 and from that user 18 back to the administrator's totalizer 17-1 of zone 20-1, is defined as the sum of the travel time of the forward channel radio wave, Tf, and the travel time of the reverse channel, Tr. The transmission time for each user, such as a typical user, U (C; u) is a function of the distance, D [B: U (c; u)], between the broadcaster 16-1 and the user U ( c, -u), the distance, D [U (cu): Ce], from the user U (C; u) 18 to the collector 19-c, and the distance D [Cc: A] from the collector Ce 19 to totalizer 17-1. In Figure 1, the distance, D [B; U (c, -u)], from the zone manager to a typical user U (c: u) 18 is variable, since the users are mobile. Similarly, the distance D [U (c, -u): Cc] from the user U (c, -u) 18 to the collector 19-c is again variable, since the users are mobile. The distance D [Cc: A] from the collector CC 19 to the totalizer 17-1 is generally known, since the collectors are generally stationary. For ease of disclosure in the following description, the propagation times are considered to be the minimum possible, ie those due to straight line propagation between the transmitter and the receiver, even in cases where a direct line of sight is not available. In practice, there are multipath signals and they should be considered. The least delayed signal is the first to arrive at the reception point. Signals with longer delays arrive after the first signal to arrive and continue to arrive with some extension of time delay. In the forward channel, the travel time of the forward channel, Tf, for each user 18, such as user U (C; u) 18 of user group 18-c, is given by: Tf (B: U (c; u)) = (D [B: U (c; u)]) / v Equation (1) where: (D [B: U (c; u)]) = distance from the radio station B 16 to the user U (c; u) 18 v = speed of light in the atmosphere. In the reverse channel, the travel time of the reverse channel, Tr, from the particular collector Ce 19, within the range of the user U (c; u) 18 is as follows: Tr = Tr (U (c; u): Cc) + Tr (Cc: A) Equation (2) where Tr (U (c; u): Cc) = D [U (c, -u): Ce] / v Tr (Cc: A) = D [Cc: A] / v and where: D [U (c; u) Cc] = the variable distance from user U (c; u) 18 particular to collector Ce 19 particular D [ Cc: A] = the fixed distance from collector Ce 19 to totalizer A 17. v = speed of light in the atmosphere. The administration of zone 20.1 establishes a time base TBg for the broadcaster (B) 16-1 and a time base TB ^ for the totalizer (A) 17-1. The TBg time base is typically used as a reference time base. The time bases for all the other components of the system are mentioned as the base time reference. For any component in the TDMA system, the time base marks the recurrent times periodically where the time slots begin for that component. Assuming that the time base of the zone manager's radio station, TBg is the reference, the TBQC time base of the collector Ce is given as follows: TBQC = TBg +? QC Equation (3) where? QC = setting the time base for a particular Ce 19 collector. Each particular user U (c; u) 18 has a time base TBu (c-u) that must be set at least once during the duration of a connection to maintain system synchronization. The broadcaster (B) 16-1 periodically sends a burst of control data used for this purpose. When a particular user U (c: u) 18 receives this control burst, it uses the time of arrival of the burst to establish an initial time base TB-rj (c.u) in relation to the broadcaster 16-1. This time base then delays the time base of the TBg radio for an amount of time equal to the propagation time of the forward path from the broadcaster 16 to the user 18, Tf (B: U (c; u)). Comparing the time bases for the users 18 and the collectors 19, this requirement can be expressed for any particular user U (c, -u) 18 in the user group of any collector Ce 19-c particular as follows: TBU (c; u) 0 = TBB + f (B: U (c; u)) Equation (4) The user U (c, -u) 18 sends a response synchronization burst arriving at the collector Ce 19-c delayed by the travel time of the user's collector, Tf (U (c; u): Cc). To avoid interference with other time slots in the carrier, these user bursts should arrive no later than the long protection period TQ of the particular embodiment of the TDMA in use, relative to the time base TB C of the collector Ce . This relationship can be summarized as: Tf (B: U (c; u)) + Tr (U (c; u): Ce) -? Cc < TLG (Equation 5) Once the collector Ce 19 receives a synchronization burst from the user U (c; u) 18, the signal is returned to the totalizer 17-1. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the collector Ce 19 delays the return so that the signal reaches the totalizer (A) 17-1 displaced from the time base TBj ^ of the totalizer, by the same amount as in each collector Ce 19 Alternatively, the totalizer 17-1 adjusts the individual collector Ce that returns to count for each delay of the collector to the totalizer. The zone 20-1 administration processes the synchronization messages and determines the location of each particular user U (c, -u) and the expected travel times Tf (B: U (c, -u)) and Tr (U ( c: u): Cc). Using this information, the zone manager 20.1 adjusts the time advance,? U (c.u) to synchronize the particular user U (c; u) 18 to a particular collector Ce 19-c as follows: ? U (c; u) =? Cc - Tf (B: U (c; u) - Tr (U (c; u): Ce) Equation (6) In Equation (6), a positive value of? -rj (c.u) indicates the advance of time, while a negative value implies a time delay in the user. The time base modified for user U (c; u) 18 is then as follows: U (c; u) = TBB + Tf (B: U (c; u)) -? U (C; U) = TBB + Tr (U (c; u): Cc) -? Equation (7).

Equations (5) and (7) demonstrate the ability of the present invention to arbitrarily extend the range of cellular systems of TDMA. Conventional cellular architectures can not synchronize (without loss of capacity) users with intervals that give round trip times greater than the long protection period (T Q). By placing a collector with an independent time base in a remote region of the radio, the present invention allows the coverage of arbitrary intervals of the broadcaster are loss of capacity. Figure 1, in one example, is a mode where user groups are synchronized to a single collector.

When more than one collector is used for a group of users. the optimal selection of advance or delay of the user's time when more than one collector is within the user's range, is more complicated and will be described below. Likewise, users are generally mobile, and so the user's location and the various travel times of the radio signal between the components of the system will change over time. Thus, the synchronization process is repeated and they need to be based on criteria determined by the zone administrator 20-1 or the region manager 12, or they can be run roughly at the times set by a system operator with respect to the speeds expected for the systems. users The user groups in Figure 1 operate with a TDMA protocol when the users 18 are assigned time slots (TS) within a common frequency band. The groups of time slots, named frames or frames, are repeated, but each of the time slots of the users remain the same from one frame to another. Each user operates in a burst mode with its transmitter transmitting only in its assigned time slot for each frame and with its transmitter out for remaining time slots of the frame.

Synchronization of the Distant User Arbitrarily-Figure 1 The interval limitations of the present TDMA applications have been shown to depend on the maximum difference in travel times between a user arbitrarily placed near the base station and a user placed away from the base station . This maximum synchronization radius sinc-max 'shown is equal to DLQ / 2. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the time base of a remotely located collector, such as the collector Ce 19-c in FIG. 1, was adjusted to count the travel time of a track from the radio broadcaster 16-1 to collector Ce. Then, the synchronization bursts from the users U (c; l), ..., U (c, u), ..., U (C; Uc), placed within the distance DLG of the collector Ce , will reach the collector Ce 19-c within the permitted period of protection. Once the collector returns these signals to the totalizer (A) 17-1, over the known fixed distance and, therefore, the delay between the collector Ce 19-c and the totalizer (A) 17-1, the software code (program) control zone and region administrators operate to recognize requests for user synchronization. This embodiment of the present invention allows users to be arbitrarily placed away from the radio within the established broadcasting interval. For example, a user U (x, -x) traveling outside the diffusion zone for a distance that is much greater than the distance D Q will not be recognized. When the user travels to be within DLG of any collector, for example the collector Cl, the user U (x, -x) will be recognized. After the user has been acknowledged, the zone administrator 20-1 or the region manager 12, assign the user the group 18-1 and adjust the user's time base.

Multiple Users, Single Collector Synchronization Figures 1 and 4 Figure 4 illustrates the diffusion to the user for collector communications links for normal communications traffic after establishing synchronization for multiple users that are received by a single collector on the same carrier . In Figure 4, the time slots TSn and TS (n + l) are part of the frame structure for a carrier transmitted by the B 16-1 broadcaster of Figure 1, for normal forward traffic communications, with the user group associated with the collector Ce 19-c of Figure 1. For explanation purposes and with reference to Figure 1, the time slot TSn and its homologous slots in the frame structure are assigned for communications with the user U (c; l) and time slot TS (n + l) and their homologous slots in the frame structure are assigned for combinations with the user (U (c; 2).

Digital TDMA standards have carried out time shifts between forward and reverse channel communications. The time offset is designed to allow the user's communications equipment to process incoming communications and outgoing communications in sequence, rather than simultaneously. For GSM systems, this offset is equal to three time slot periods. For IS136 systems, the offset is a time slot period plus 88 bits. For ease of exposure, in Figure 4, this displacement is not explicitly shown. The TI timeline refers to the forward channel communications for those portions of Figure 4 above the TI timeline. Timeline T2 refers to the reverse channel communications in time offsets from the time line TI by some time offset dependent on the realization, and is applied to those portions of Figure 4 between the time lines TI and T2. Figure 4 without loss of generality illustrates an embodiment of the TDMA for which the time shift between forward and reverse communications is an integer multiple of the time slot period. Thus, the time bases TB-rj__. • or Y TBU20 'the adjusted time bases By ^ and TB-Q2, and the shifts of the user's synchronization time? U1 and? U2 are shown. ~ = - Users U (c, -1) and U (c2) receive the forward channel transmission from the radio station 16-1 at times that travel relative to the base of the TBg time of the broadcaster by the propagation times Tf (B: U (c; 1)) and Tf (B: U (c; 2)). Since the users are, in general, mobile and are, in general, located in the same distance from the radio station, the displacements or deviations of time are not, in general, the same. Each of the users transmits a reverse channel transmission in its respective time slot on the frequency of the reverse communication bearer in pair to the collector Ce. These transmissions are received at the times that are displaced with respect to the time bases TB- rj (c. _L) and TBu (C; 2) 'By the times of propagation Tr (U (c; l): Ce and Tr (U (c; 2): Cc), these times, in general, are not the same In order that the bursts transmitted from the user U (c; l) do not interfere with the burst transmitted from the user U (c; 2), the time bases of each user are adjusted by advances in time? , -l) and? U (c, -2) 7 abbreviated? Ul and? U2, respectively As illustrated in Figure 4, this setting ensures that each burst arrives properly at the beginning of its assigned time slot in collector Ce 19. All relevant time variables for the evaluation of Equations (6) and (7) for both users are indicated in Figure 4.

The defined protection period TQ separates the user's bursts in the broadcaster, and serves as the allowed margin of error in the collector. If there is unequal synchronization, malfunction or excessive extension of the delay occurs, the protection period will ensure that communications are not interrupted. Users U (c; u) are generally mobile and so the synchronization procedure must be updated periodically to reflect the change locations and thus the propagation times of change from the users U (c; u) 18 to the broadcast B 16-1 and the collector Ce.

A User in Multiple Collectors - Figure 5 Once the synchronization of any user 18 has been established, for example user Ul, to a collector Cl, then that user Ul can be synchronized to other collectors, such as collectors C2 and C3 , as illustrated in Figure 5. This operation sets the basic correction of the user's time,? and t_, given the time base TBc? of a collector Cl 19 chosen arbitrarily. The transmission power of the user establishes a user URI interval, indicated in Figure 5, over which the signal strengths received in the collectors are at power levels sufficiently above the floor of the ambient noise to be used, a dependent requirement of the embodiment. The transmissions from user Ul 18, in general, will arrive at various times in relation to the time base between another collector Ce 19 and the user interval UR, for example C2 and C3. To ensure that the transmission arrives at the beginning of a time slot assigned to each of them, the time bases TBQC of the other collectors Ce 19 must be adjusted to reflect the various propagation times Tr (Ul; Ce) from the user Ul 18 to each of them. If the other collectors Ce have previously been synchronized to other users, for example U2 and UU, which transmit on a particular bearer assigned for communications to user Ul, this synchronization will have to be updated by changing the time bases of any other user 18 that transmits to any other collector Ce. If, in turn, any of the other users 18 are within the range of collector C2, the general synchronization becomes a "complex process for which various modes of operation procedures are described below. If the overall synchronization is not efficiently achieved, the total system capacity will be reduced, and unsynchronized communications are, in general, possible only if the time slots within the frame structure of the TDMA in each carrier are skipped to avoid burst-to-burst interference between the signals of different mobile users The operating procedures described aba They retain the full theoretical capacity of the cellular system and do not require time slots to be skipped.

Multiple Users in Multiple Collectors - Figure 6 The synchronization requirements summarized in Equations (6) and (7) for a single user are met in the specific cases of multiple users in a collector and of a user in multiple collectors. These requirements can not be satisfied, in general, for multiple users in multiple collectors. The difficulty is illustrated in Figure 6 for the case of two users transmitting to two collectors 19 in the same carrier. Since TBg is the same for all users and collectors, Equation (6) can be applied to the set of two user synchronization advances? U (l-1) and? U (2; l) 'as follows: ? U (1; 1) =? C1"Tf (B: U (1; 1)) - Tr (U (1; 1): Cl) 8 (a)? U (2; 1) =? C2 - f (B: U (2; 1)) - Tr (U (2; 1): C2) 8 (b) - Equations (8) for each user considered as a single user in his nearest collector. These equations are independent and can be solved. However, for cross-synchronization, Equation (6) can also be applied as follows: ? U (1; 1) =? C2 - Tf (B: U (l; l)) - Tr (U (1; 1): C2) 9 (a)? U (2; 1) =? C1"Tf (B: U (2; l)) - Tr (U (2; 1): Cl) 9 (b) Equations (9) While Equations 9 (a) and 9 (b) are also independent of each other, the set of equations (8) and Equations (9) are not independent. Comparing the right side (RHS) of Equation 8 (a) and Equation 9 (a), it can be seen that the set of coupled equations is reduced to the following: ? C1 - Tr (U (l; l): C1) =? C2 - Tr (U (l; 1): C2) 10 (a)? C2 - Tr (U (2; l): C1) =? C1 - Tr (U (2; 1): Cl). 10 (b) Equations (10) that can be resolved only if Tr (U (1; l): C2) - Tr (U (2; l): C2) = Tr (U (1; l): C1) - Tr (U (2; l): C1) Equation (11 ) Equation (11) indicates that the perfect simultaneous synchronization for the two users in two collectors, can only be achieved when the difference in propagation times from each user to the first collector is equal to the difference in the propagation time from each user to the second collector. While Equation (11) is solved by particular values of the various reverse transmission times from the user to the collector, Tr, it is not resolved in general. Since the users can be mobile and the values of Tr will change, the two users can not always be kept in perfect synchronization in the two collectors. The protection period TQ is used to compensate for imperfect synchronization. Without loss of generality, TDMA systems are considered where the protection period specified is at the end of a burst. The above argument will be interpreted similarly if the protection period is adjusted at the start of each burst, or divided in some way between the start and the end. The synchronization error SE (U (c; u): Cc), for any user U (c; u) 18 and any collector Ce 19, is the difference between the arrival time of the user's bursts in the collector and the time base of collector TB C, which is when the collector waits for the burst to arrive. A burst may arrive as late as the protective period TQ and still be completed within its assigned time slot. That is, the isolation of the burst is achieved when the following expression is satisfied: SE (U (c; u): Cc) < TQ Equation (12) The synchronization error is thus limited by the protection period TQ. The maximum synchronization inequality can be expressed in units of time, such as TQ, or in distance units such as DQ. Now let's reconsider the case of two users in two collectors, illustrated in Figure 6 and described in Equations (8-11). Each user can be perfectly synchronized to the collector closest to him, as described in Equation (8). This implies SE (U (l; 1): Cl) = SE (U (2; l): C2) = 0. Examination of Equations (8-11) then reveal the synchronization conditions.

SE (U (1; 1): C2) = Tr (U (1; 1): C2). - Tr (U (1; 1): Cl) < TQ 13 (a) SE (U (2; 1): C1) = Tr (U (2; 1): C1) - Tr (U (2; 1): C2) < TQ 13 (a) Equations (13) The transmission of the two users will be contained within their assigned time slots in both collectors if Equations 13 (a) and 13 (b) are satisfied. In the general case of multiple errors in multiple collectors, an arrangement of the synchronization conditions, as in Equations (13) is generated.

Collector Group Operations - Figures 7 and 8 One way to satisfy the synchronization requirements for multiple users and multiple collectors is to group the collectors that receive transmissions from the user in a particular carrier. This grouping of collectors is illustrated in Figure 7. If a user, for example Ul, is synchronized in one of the collectors, for example Cl, in the group, then the synchronization error in any other collector, for example C2 or C3 , in the group of collectors is small. In general, users can be placed in any direction from the collector group. The distances from the users to the collectors of the group, the distribution of users and the distribution of collectors within the group are arbitrary and have been illustrated by means of a simple example in Figure 7, without attempted loss of generality. In Figure 7, suppose that all collectors Ce, Cl, C2 and C3, in the group of collectors share a common time base, TBQQ. This time base is used to synchronize all users U (l, l), U (l, 2), ..., U (l, u), ..., U (1, U) assigned to slots of time in the bearers received by the group of collectors of Figure 7. The synchronization is applied to perfectly synchronize any particular user, such as the user Ul to the particular collector Cl within the group that is located closest to that particular user. This synchronization is illustrated in Figure 8, where the collector closest to the user Ul is the collector Cl. Then, any synchronization error of any user U (corresponding, for example, to the user Ul in Figure 7) to each other collector Ce in the group, C2 and C2 in the example of Figure 7, is calculated based on the differences in the propagation times Tr (UQC) for all the other collectors Ce in the group of these collectors. In Figure 8, collector C2 is selected as typical of the other collectors in the collector group. If some of the other collectors in the collector group are too distant from the particular collector, then the particular user will not satisfy the synchronization requirements for those other collectors. In Figure 8, the distances D (U; C1) and D (U; C2) are abbreviated as D? _ And D2, and the separation between collectors Cl and C2 is abbreviated as Dc. Algebraically, the synchronization requirement is indicated as follows: SE (U: C2) = Tr (U: C2) = (Iv) [D2 - Dx] < TQ Equation (14) D2 _ Dl < vTG = DG Equation (15) where v is the speed of light. Referring to Figure 8, the separation of Dc can be expressed in terms of Dx and D2 as Dc = D2cos (?) -. { D *! - D22 sin2 (?) J1 ^ Equation (16) what is maximum for? = 0 as D2 - D] _. Thus, the condition of the synchronization for the synchronization based on groups of collectors is that none of the collectors in the group of collectors can be separated from each other by more than the distance CRm ^ x, where, for example, CRmax is equal to the vTc distance, which is designated as DQ, the protection distance. If all pairs of collectors within the group of collectors satisfy this pair condition, then TDMA communications synchronized in full capacity are possible according to the present invention, with any arbitrary interval (limited in principle only by the diffusion interval). of the broadcaster). According to one embodiment of the present invention, this collector placement requirement is satisfied by requiring that all collectors are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 2.

User Group Operations - Figures 9 and 10 In Figure 9, a second technique to meet synchronization requirements is achieved by grouping users U (l, l), U (l, 2), ..., U (l, u), ..., U (lU), which will be assigned to time slots in a particular carrier. The time bases of all the collectors, for example the collector Cl in FIG. 9, assigned to receive that carrier, are adjusted so that the bursts of any particular user in the user group are received in perfect synchronization. Then the bursts received from the other users in the user group will be approximately synchronized. This grouping of users in a dynamic operation scenario, due, in general, to the users being mobile. In the previous case of collector groupings, as described in relation to Figures 7 and 8, the collectors are generally fixed in location. Thus, a group of collectors, once defined, remains intact. The user groups, in contrast, will be formed as users that move sufficiently close to each other so that synchronized communications become possible.

Operations of the Group of Users The zone administration (ZM) of Figure 1 realizes the real time synchronization and the control of the groups of users using the zone database of TABLE 1.

TABLE 1 - Base dß Data d Zona Zone Copyright Author © 1996 - C ular Telecom, Ltd.

DSynch Maximum distance allowed for the user from the center of the user group NColl2Use Number of collectors to be assigned to each group of users LightSpeed Speed of light in the atmosphere NRegUsers Number of registered users in the NColls zone Number of collectors in the NGroups zone Number of groups currently assigned to the area UserStatus (NRegUsers, 8) For each registered user, 8 fields: (1) 0/1 Inactive / Active (2) I If active, assigned to group 1, _. j Its active, assigned to the logical slot J ° of the group (4) -1, X Location X, if known (5) -1, and Location Y, if known (6) -1, DG Distance from the center of the group (7) -l, Db Distance of the diffuser (8) T Advance of synchronization BroadLoc (2) (1) Location X of the diffuser (2) Location Y of the diffuser CollLoc (NColls, 2) For each collector, 2 fields: (1) Location X (2) Location and CollStatus (NColls, NGroups) (1) 0/1 1 if the collector is assigned to the group GroupStatus (NGroups, 7) For each group currently assigned to the zone, 7 fields (1) F Carrier frequency (2) 0/1 Descending or ascending (not in use / in use) , _. Maximum number of slots available in the group (4) 0 / M Full / Open (All slots used / M empty slots (5) X Location X center of group (6) Y Location Y center of group (7) n Number of collectors assigned to the group GroupSlots (NGroups, MAXSlots, 3) For each group, for each available logical slot, 3 fields (1) KK ° physical slot on the carrier (2) 0/1 Empty / full (3) 0.1 If full, assign to the Io registered user GroupColls (NGroups, AXColls, 2) For each group, for each collector assigned to the group, 2 fields (1) L The identifier of the collector (2) D Distance of the collector L ° to the center of the group The zone database of TABLE 1 applies, for example, to the figures and description of the application as follows: In Figure 9, as an example, for the ordered pair (User Group (1, 4) , User Group (1, 5), DSynch is the central location for all users, Ul, U2, ..., UU and all users are located within circle 18-1, which has a radius URm ^ x = DSynch In Figure 9, _the number of collectors, NColl2Use, assigned to the group 18-1 of the user is 3, which corresponds to collectors Cl, C2 and C3.In Figure 9, the number of registered users, NRegUsers, is "UU and includes users Ul, U2, ..., UU, where the UU number can be any integer such as 10, 100 or greater." In Figure 9, only one zone and the number of total collectors are displayed. , NColls, is equal to 4 and includes collectors Cl, C2, C3 and C4.

In Figure 9, the number of user groups, NGroups, is 1 for simplicity of explanation. In comparison, in Figure 1, the number of user groups for zone 1 is U, which corresponds to groups 18-1, ..., 18-C, ..., 18-U. In TABLE 1, the UserStatus for each registered user is contained in eight fields. The first field is the Inactive / Active field to establish whether or not the user is active or inactive. The second field is _the group number. For example, in Figure 1, one of groups 18-1, ..., 18-c, ..., 18-U is identified in the second field. The third field establishes the logical time slot for the group. For the TDMA system that has eight time slots, the logical slots from one frame to another were ordered Ll, L5, L2, L6, L3, L7, L4, L8. The physical time slots, refer for example to Figure 2, were ordered TSO, TS1, TS2, TS3, TS4, TS5, TS6, TS7. In TABLE 1, the fourth and fifth fields are identified by the location X and the user's Y location. Field 6 identifies the distance of the user from the center of the group which, in the form of an example for U2, is DG2 in Figure 9. Field 7 represents the distance of the user from the diffuser, which is shown as DB2 in Figure 9 for the user U2. Field 8 indicates the amount of synchronous advance of the user's reverse channel that broadcasts to the collectors.

In TABLE 1, the BroadLoc entry identifies the location of the broadcaster. In TABLE 1, the CollLoc entry for each collector identifies the location for each collector. In "TABLE 1, the CollStatus entry indicates the status of each collector for the NGroups field In TABLE 1, the Group Status entry indicates for each group the carrier frequency, the state in use, the maximum number of slots available in the group, whether or not the slots are in use the location of the group center and the number of collectors assigned to the group.In TABLE 1, the GroupSlots entry identifies the availability of the logical slots and the correspondence between the logical slots and the physical slots In TABLE 1, the GroupColls entry indicates for each group the collectors that are assigned to the group using the collector identifier and the distance that the particular collector is from the center of the group. DC3 for collector C3 from the center to collector C3 is shown.The control code for controlling various operations in the present invention are listed in TABLE 2.

The control code was executed, for example, in the control means 14 of the zone manager 20-1 of Figure 1. This zone manager 20.1 is typical of all zone managers. Additional details of the zone manager 20-1 including the control element 12 are shown and described in the reciprocally referenced request, identified above. The control code of TABLE 2 uses the TABLE 1 database to execute a number of control functions, which include adding a new user to a group of existing users, deleting a user from the existing user group, creating a new group of users, and update the synchronization of a group of existing users. With these and other operations, the zone administrator through the control element 14 selects from the plurality of users to form a group of users (in Figure 7, for example, the users Ul, U2, ..., Uu, ..., UU) and selects ones from the plurality of collectors (in Figure 7, for example, collectors Cl, C2 and C3) to form a group of collectors. The control code of TABLE 2 uses the database of TABLE 1 to select ones of the plurality of users that are located within a distance of at least one of the collectors, so that the synchronization error for each one of the users is less than a predetermined value. For example, when the communication system has long protection periods, TLQ, between the time slots to operate with the TDMA protocol, the long protection periods establish long protection period distances, D G- Unsynchronized users are synchronized in the zone of the diffuser when these unsynchronized users are within the distance DG ° -e any collector, so that the synchronization error for each of the users is less than a predetermined value. The control code of TABLE 2 operates according to the description of Figure 7 and selects collectors so that each one is located at a distance from each other in the group of collectors, not greater than CRm ^ x, where C max is a value such that the signals of the reverse channel in the collectors are isolated. The control code of TABLE 2 operates according to Figure 9 and selects ones from the plurality of users so that they are located at a distance from each other in the user group, no greater than the distance URmax 'where U? -max is a value such that the reverse channel signals in the collector are isolated.

TABLE 2 - Control Code For User Group Operations COPYKIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. fimction status = AddUser (User) if (UserStatus (User, 4) = = -1) status = -9; return; end; • userX = UserStatus (User, 4); useryY = UserStatus (User, 5); oldGroup = 0; if (UseiS tatus (User, 1) = = 1) oldGroup = UserStatus (User, 2); end; nOff = = 0; nOpen = 0; for group = IrNgroups if (GroupStatus (group, 2) = = 0) nOff = nOff + 1; offGroup (nOff) = group; elseif (GroupStatus (group, 4) > 0) nOpen = nOpen + 1; openGroup (nOpen) = group; end; end; if (nOpen == 0) if (nOff == 0) DropCall (User); % System cali status = -99; retum; else stat = OnGroup (offGroup (l), User); status = stat; return; end; else for i = l: nO? in group = openGroup (i) groupX = GroupStatus (group, 5); group Y = GroupStatus (group.6 > TABLE 2 - Control Code For User Group Operations COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. d2Group (i) = sqrt ((groupX-userX) 2 + (groupY-n end; [sorted, indi] = sort (d2Group); nGood = 0; for i = l.nOpen testGroup = indi (i); if (testGroup! = oldGroup | sorted (i) <DSynch) nGood = nGood + 1; goodGroup (nGclod) = testGroup; end; end; if (nGood == 0) if (nOff == 0) DropCall (User);% System cali status = -99; retum; else stat = OnGroup (offGroup (l), User); status = stat; return; end; else for i = IrnGood group = goodGroup (i); stat = Add2Group (group, User); if (stat == 1) status = stat; retum; endif; end; if (nOff == 0) DropCall (User);% System cali status = -99; retum; else stat = OnGroupC offGroup (l), User); status = stat; return; end; TABLE 2 - Control Code For User Group Operations COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. end; retum; end; function status = DropUser (Group, User) slot = UserStatus (User, 3); GroupSlots (Group, slot, 2) = 0; GroupSlots (Group, slot, 3) = 0; GroupStatus (Group, 4) = GroupStatus (Group, 4) + 1; if (GroupStatus (Group, 4) == GroupStatus (Group, 3)) GroupStatus (Group, 2) = 0; end; UserStatus (User, l) = 0; UserStatus (User, 2) = 0; UserStatus (User, 3) = 0; UserStatus (TJser, 6) = -1; status = 1; return; end; function status = OnGroup (Group, User) if (GroupStatus (Grou?, 2) = = 1) status = -13; retum; end; if (UserStatus (User, 2) = = 1) doHandoff = 1; oldGroup = UserStatus (User, 2); oldSlot = UserStatus (User, 3); end; userX = UserStatus (User, 4); userY = UserStatus (User, 5); dZBroad = sqrt ((BroadLoc (l) -userX) A2 + (Broac_Loc (2) -userY) A2); for coll = l: NCoIls collX = CollLoc (coU, l); collY = CollLoc (coU, 2); d2Coll (coll) = sqrt ((collX-userX) A2 + (collY-userY A2); TABLE 2 Control Code For User Group Operations COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. end; [sorted, indi] = sort (d2Coll); for i = l: NColls2Use GroupCo_ls (Group, i, l) = indi (i); GroupColls (Group, i, 2) = sorted (i); CollStatus (indi (i), Group) = 1; ModColl (indi (i)); % System cali end; GroupStatus (Group, 2) = 1; GroupStatus (Group, 4) = GroupStatus (Group, 3) -l; GroupStatus (Group, 5) = userX; GroupStatus (Group, 6) = userY; GroupStatus (Group, 7) = d2Broad; GroupStatus (Grou?, 8) = NColls2Use; GroupSlots (Grou?, L, 2) = 1; GroupSlots (Group, l, 3) = User; if (doHandof f = = 1) Grou? Slots (oldGroup, 2) = 0; GroupSlots (oldGrou?, 3) = 0; GroupStatus (oldGroup, 4) = GroupStatus (oldGroup, 4) + l; if (GroupStatus (oldGroup, 4) = = Grou? Status (oldGroup, 3)) GroupStatus (oldGroup, 2) = 0; end; stat = UpdateGroup (oldGroup); end; UserStatus (User, 2) = Group; UserStatus (User, 3) = 1; UserStatus (User, 6) = sorted (l); UserStatus (User.7) = d2Broad; UserStatus (User, 8) = (d2Broad + sorted (l)) / LightS? Eed; ModUser (User)% System cali retum; end; function status = Add2Group (Group, User) nSlots = GroupStatus (Group, 3); nUsers = 0; sumX = 0; TABLE 2 Control Code For User Group Operations COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. sumY = 0; for i = l.nSlots if (GroupSlots (Grou?, i, 2) == 1) nUsers = nUsers + 1; user (nUsers) = GroupSlots (Group, i, 3); userX (nUsers) = UserS_atus (user (nUsers), 4); userY (nUsers) = UserStatus (user (nUsers), 5); sumX = sumX + userX (nUsers); sumY = sumY + user? (nÚsers); d2Broad (nUsers) = UserStatus (user (nUsers), 7); end; end; newCenX = sumX / nUsers; newCenY = sumY / nUsers; for i = 1, nUsers newDG = sqrt ((userX (i) -newCenX)? 2 + (userY (i) -newCenY) A2); if (newDG> Dsynch) status = -14; retum; end; end; GroupStatus (Group, 4) = GroupStatus (Group, 4) - 1; GroupStatus (Group, 5) = newCenX; GroupStatus (Group, 6) = newCenY; UserStatus (User, 2) = Group; for i = lmSlots íf (GroupSlots (Group, i, 2) == 0); slot = i; GroupSlots (Group, i, 2) = 1; GroupSlots (Group, i, 3) = User; UserStatus (User, 3) = slot; break; end; end; nGColls = GroupStatus (Group, 7) uX = UserStatus (User, 4); uY = UserStatus (User, 5); for coll = l: nGColls colIX = Co_ILoc (GroupCoIls (newGroup, coll), l); TABLE 2 - Control Code For User Group Operations COPYRIGHT © 1996 Cellular Telecom, Ltd. collY = Col_Loc (GroupColls (newGroup, co_l), 2); d2Coll (coll) = sqrt ((collX-uX)? 2 + (collY-uY)? 2); end; [sorted, indi] = sort (d2Coll); UserStatus (User, 8) = (UserStatus (User, 7) + sorted (l)) / LightSpeed; status = 1; retum; end; function status = UpdateGroup (Group) nSlots = GroupStatus (Group, 3); nUsers = 0; sumX = 0; sumY = 0; for i = l.nSlots if (GroupSlots (Group, i, 2) == 1) nUsers = nUsers + 1; user (nUsers) = GroupSlots (Group, i, 3); userX (nUsers) = UserStatus (user (riUsers), 4); userY (nUsers) = UserStatus (user (nUsers), 5); sumX = sumX + userX (nUsers); sumY = sumY + userY (nUsers); d2Broad (nUsers) = UserStatus (user (nUsers), 7); - end; end; newCenX = sumX / nUsers; newCenY = sumY / nUsers; for i = 1, nUsers newDG (i) = sqrt ((userX (i) -newCenX)? 2 + (userY (i) -newCenY) A2); end; [sorted, indi] = sort (newDG); for i = 1, nUsers if (sorted (i) > DSynch) stat = AddUser (user (indi (i))); if (sta! = 1) stat = DropUser (User); end; stat = UpdateGroup (Group) end; end; GroupStatus (Group, 5) = newCenX; GroupStatus (Group, 6) = newCenY; for coll = 1.NColls collX = CollLoc (co_l, l); coIlY = CollLoc (co_l, 2); d2Co_l (coll) = sqrt ((collX-newCenX) A2 -1- (collY-newCenY) A2); end; [sorted, indi] = sort (d2Co_l); for i =: l: NColls2Use GroupColls (Group, i, l) = indi (i); GroupColls (Group, i, 2) = sorted (i); CollStatus (mdi (i), Group) = 1; ModColl (indi (i)); % System cali end; d2Coll = zeros (l, GroupStatus (Group, 7); for i = = 1: nUsers userX = UserStatus (users (i), 4); userY = UserStatus (users (i), 5); UserStatus (users (i) , 6) = sqrt ((newCenX-userX) A2 + (newCenY-userY) A2); d2Broad = UserStatus (users (i), 7); forj = l: GroupStatus (Group, 7) coll = GroupColls (Group, j, l); collX = Col_Loc (coll, l); coUY = CollLoc (coU, 2); d2CoU (j) = sqrt ((col_X-userX) A2 + (collY-userY) A2); end; sorted = sort (d2Coll); UserStatus (users (i), 8) = (d2Broad + sorted (l)) / LightSpeed; ModUser (users (i)); % System cali end; status = stat; retum; end; According to one embodiment of the present invention and for purposes of explanation, all collectors Ce assigned to receive a particular bearer, used by the user group, have their TBQC time bases established, so that they receive bursts from the user. particular for which the total propagation time is shorter, Tr (B: Ut_) + Tr (U] _: Cc). This relationship is illustrated in Figure 9 for the collector Ce, Cl, representative of any collector. The synchronization is performed for any other particular user U2 in the user group in any arbitrarily placed collector Ce, Cl in the example of Figure 9, which has been synchronized for the user U] _. This synchronization is illustrated in Figure 10, where the distances from the broadcaster B to the users Ut_ and U2 have been abbreviated as Dß. ] _ and D .2, the distances of the UT users. and U2 to the collector Cl have been abbreviated as DT_.QT_ AND D2: C1 Y ± distance between the two users has been abbreviated Dt_: 2- The synchronization requirement can be pointed out as: "DB: 1 + D] _: QC - (DB: 2 + D2; Cc) < DG Equation (17) [DB: t_ - DB: 2 + D1: CC ~ Dl: Cc * < DG Equation (18) The left side of Equation (18) is maximum for f = 0 and? = -p in the 2D value] _: 2- Thus, the synchronization condition for the user group can be signaled as: neither of the two users in the user group can be separated by a greater distance from URma ?, where, for example, URm ^ x is equal to distance DQ / 2 - If all pairs of users within the user group satisfy this pair condition, then TDMA communications synchronized in full capacity are possible in the present invention, arbitrary interval extension. According to one embodiment of the present invention, this user location requirement is satisfied when all users are placed within a "circle of radio DQ / 4 around the center of the group established as the center for all users of the group. Complexities that combine the user and collector groupings to achieve synchronization are possible.These operations are especially useful in specific geometries, such as those existing for mobile users confined to a road.

Aggregate Operations In Figure 12, a multiple collector, multiple user modality is shown, where the users are in any arbitrary interval BR_ from a diffuser B. In the system of Figure 11, collectors C2, C2 and C3 of the group collector Ce return the radio communication signals that they receive from users, such as the users Ul, U2, ..., UU, to the totalizer (A) 17. In the totalizer, the separate returns of several collectors Cl, C2 and C3 receiving transmissions from a particular user, combine to produce a signal combined with a quality, measured so that the bit error rate (BER) is greater than that of the signals separated from only one collector. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the synchronization is not strictly followed in the same sense that the bursts of the users are allowed to impact (interfere with each other) in the collectors. For each user, the process parts of the totalizer of the bursts of different collectors and those parts of each burst that are not clear, as determined by the BER or other measurements, are discarded and those parts that are clear combine to supply a composite signal This operation is illustrated in Figure 12. The totalizer is a digital signal processor for processing the reverse channel signals of a particular collector from particular collectors, to form the reverse channel signals of the totalizer as a representation of the reverse channel signals. of the user. Further details concerning the structure and operation of the totaliser are described in the reciprocal reference request, previously identified. As in Figure 4, timelines TI and T2 refer to communications within the TDMA embodiment with a fixed synchronization shift between forward and reverse channel communications. Timeline T3 refers to a displacement, which can be defined between the time base of the collector, to receive communications from the users and the time base to send these communications back to the totalizer. If the time base of the totalizer TB ^ is set equal to the time base TBB of broadcasting, this offset will correspond to the time base of the displaced collector? C1 and? C2 plus any additional time added to allow the signal processing in the collectors. In Figure 12, the collectors Cl and C2 each receive the inverse channel signals from the users Ul and U2, as an example. The synchronism of Ul with respect to Cl is the same as described in relation to Figure 4 for user U (c; l). The synchronism for U2 in Figures 11 and 12 differs in that U2 is close to Cl but far from C2. Consequently, a portion of the U2 blast collides with Ul in the collector Cl. Also U2 is far from C2 and tends to be delayed at C2 and may collide with bursts from other users, such as the UU user. Neither the collector Cl nor the collector C2 has a complete burst without colliding from the user U2, but each has a portion that can be used from the burst U2. The totalizer 17 in Figure 11 processes the bursts of the collectors Cl and C2 by taking the portion Al from the collector Cl and the portion A2 of the collector C2. The portions Al and A2 overlap in a portion A3 that can be used from any collector Cl or C2 or both. While Figure 12 has been described in relation to two portions of collector bursts, any number of collectors can be combined. The combination is controlled so that all parts of the complete burst from each user are received without interference in some collector within the range of the user UR for each user.

Claims (62)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S

1. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, this system comprises: a plurality of users in an area of the broadcaster, each of the users includes a receiving element. For receiving different forward channel signals from the user, and including user transmission elements, to broadcast the user's reverse channel signals, in a different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users provides a plurality of different reverse channels. of the user, collectively in composite signals, a plurality of collector elements, distributed in proximity to the area of the radio, in spaced locations, each collector element includes, a collector receiver element, to receive composite signals with channel signals inverse, from some of the plurality of users, and elements towards ad collector elante, to forward the user's inverse channel signals, from some of the plurality of users, such as inverse channel signals 5 of the collector, whereby the collector elements are active to receive and send forward the reverse channel signals of the user from some of the plurality of users, a zone management element, which includes, control elements to select some of the plurality of users to form a group of users and to select some of the plurality of collector elements to form a group of collectors, a broadcasting element, including a broadcasting transmitter, to broadcast the plurality of signals of forward channel of the user over a broadcast interval to the user group in the broadcasting zone, totalizing elements to receive the plurality of reverse channel signals of the collector, from one of the collector groups.

2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collector elements, so that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collectors are isolated.

3. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collectors, so that the differences between the sum of each user of the propagation time of the signals of forward channels of the user, from the broadcaster to the user, and the propagation time of the corresponding inverse channel signals of the user, from the user to the collector elements, by pairs of users, having the user's reverse channel signals active in the same collector elements, do not exceed a synchronization error, so the reverse channel signals in the same collector elements are isolated for the pairs of users.

4. The communication system, according to claim 3, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users, so that each of the users in the user group is placed at a distance from each of the users. other users in the user group, no greater than a distance of URmax, where URmax is such a value that the user's reverse channel signals in the collector elements are isolated.

5. The communication system, according to claim 4, which has periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol, where the protection periods establish a distance, DQ , of the protection period, in which the distance URmx is approximately equal to half the distance DQ of the protection period.

6. The communication system according to claim 5, wherein the users in the user group are placed within a circle of radio DQ / 4.

7. The communication system according to claim 3, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of collector elements, so that each of the collectors in the group of collectors is placed at a distance from each other collector elements in the group of collectors no greater than the distance CRmax, where CRmax is a value such that the inverted channel signals of the user in the collector elements are isolated.

8. The communication system, according to claim 7, which have periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these protection periods establish a distance, DQ, of the protection period, in which the distance CRmx is approximately equal to the distance DQ of the protection period.

9. The communication system according to claim 8, in which the collectors in the groups of collectors are placed inside a circle of radius DQ / 2.

10. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the totalizing element combines the signals of the user's reverse channels for each user, from the plurality of the collector elements, to form a combined signal, where this combined signal for each of the users is isolated from the combined signal for each of the other users, regardless of whether or not the user's reverse channel signals received in some of the collector elements are isolated.

11. The communication system, according to claim 1, which has long protection periods, TLG 'between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these long periods of protection establish distances, DLG of the long protection period, where some of the non-synchronized users are synchronized in the broadcasting zone, when these unsynchronized users are within DLG distance < ^ e any collector element, regardless of the distances of unsynchronized users from the broadcasting element.

12. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, this system comprises: a plurality of users in an area of the radio broadcast, each of the users includes a receiver element of the user, to receive different forward channel signals from the user, and includes user transmission elements, to broadcast reverse channel signals of the user, in a different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users provides a plurality of different reverse channels of the user. user, each of these reverse channels of the user occupies a different bandwidth of the reverse channel, one or more collector elements, each placed in a collector location in proximity to the broadcasting area, each of the collector elements includes, a collector receiver element, to receive the composite signal comprising the inverted user signals from some of the plurality of users, and a forward element of the collector, to forward the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users, such as reverse channel signals of the collector, zone management elements, including; a control element, for selecting some of the plurality of users that are placed within a distance of at least one of the ~ collector elements, so that the synchronization error for each of the plurality of users is less than one. the predetermined value, a broadcasting element, having a broadcasting transmitter for broadcasting to the group of users the plurality of forward channel signals, using broadcasting signals to form a plurality of forward broadcasting channels in the radio area - broadcast a totalizing element, to receive the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from the collector element.

13. The communication system, according to claim 12, wherein the communications are according to the TDMA protocol, which has frames formed of a plurality of time slots, each time slot is specified as including an information period and a period of time. protection, this period of protection is provided as a regulation zone that can be occupied by a period of information without the information period impacting with an information period of the adjacent time slots.

16. The communication system according to claim 12, wherein the control element selects some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collector elements, so that the user's reverse channel signals in the collectors are isolated.

15. The communication system according to claim 12, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collectors, so that the difference between the sum of each user of the propagation time of the signals of channel forward of the user and the propagation time of the user's reverse channel signals, from this user to the collector elements for two users having reverse user channel signals active on the same collector element, do not exceed a synchronization error , so that the user's reverse channel signals in the same collector element, are isolated for the two users.

16. The communication system, according to claim 15, wherein the control element selects some of the plurality of users, so that each of the users in the user group is placed at a distance from each of the other users. in the user group, that a distance of URm? x, where URm? x is a value such that the user's reverse channel signals in the collector elements are isolated.

17. The communication system, according to claim 16, which has periods of protection, TQ, between time slots, to operate with a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol, where the protection periods establish a distance, DQ , of the protection period, in which the distance URmax is approximately equal to half of the distance DQ of the protection period.

18. The communication system according to claim 16, wherein the users of the user group are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 4.

19. The communication system according to claim 15, in which the control elements select some of the plurality of collector elements, so that each of the collectors ^ in the group of collectors, is placed at a distance from each of them. the other collector elements in the group of collectors no greater than the distance CRmx, where CRmax is a value such that the inverted channel signals of the user in the collector elements are isolated.

20. The communication system, according to claim 19, which have periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these protection periods establish a distance DQ, of the protection period, in which the distance CRmax is approximately equal to the distance DQ of the protection period.

21. The communication system, according to claim 20, wherein the users in the user groups are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 2.

22. The communication system according to claim 12, in which the totalizing element combines the signals of the user's reverse channels for each of the users, from the plurality of the collector elements, to form a combined signal, where this combined signal for each one of the users is isolated from the combined signal for each of the other users, even when the signals of the user's reverse channels received in one of the collectors are not isolated.

23. The communication system, according to claim 12, which has long periods of protection, TG, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these long periods of protection establish distances, DLG ° _ex long period of protection, where some of the non-synchronized users are synchronized in the broadcasting zone, when these non-synchronized users are within the distance DG ^ e any collector element, regardless of the distances of the unsynchronized users from the radio-broadcast element.

24. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications, which have long periods of protection, between time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where long periods of protection distances, DLG of these long periods of protection, this system comprises: a plurality of users in a broadcasting area, each user includes a user receiving element, to receive different forward channels of the user, and includes elements of user transmission, to broadcast reverse channel signals of the user, in a different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users provides a plurality of different reverse channels of the user, each of these reverse channels of the user occupies a different bandwidth of the user's reverse channel in a broadcast interval,, one or more collector elements, each placed in a collector location in proximity to the broadcasting zone, each of the collector elements includes, a collector receiver element, for receiving the composite signal comprising the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users, and a forward element of the collector, for forwarding the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users, such as reverse channel signals of the collector, zone management elements, including; a broadcasting element, placed at the broadcasting location within the broadcasting zone, a control element, to select as a group of users some of the plurality of users that are placed at any arbitrary distance from the broadcasting location and that a broadcasting element, having a broadcasting transmitter, is placed within a DLG distance of any of the collector elements to broadcast to the user group the plurality of forward channel signals, with a broadcasting interval to the user group in the broadcasting zone, a totalizing element, for receiving the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from the groups of collectors.

25. The communication system according to claim 24, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collector elements, so that the user's reverse channel signals in the collectors are isolated.

26. The communication system according to claim 24, wherein the control element selects some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collectors, so that "the differences between the sum of each user of the propagation time of the signals from the forward channel of the user of the broadcaster to the user and the propagation time of the signals of the corresponding user's reverse channel, from the user to the collector elements per pair of users, which have active reverse channel signals of the user therein collector elements, do not exceed a synchronization error, so that the reverse channel signals of the user in the same collector elements, are isolated for this pair of users.

27. The communication system according to claim 26, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users so that each of the users in the user group is placed at a distance from each of the other users in the group of users, not greater than a distance URmx, where URmax is a value such that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collector elements are isolated.

28. The communication system, according to claim 27, which has normal protection periods, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where the normal protection periods establish a distance, DQ, of the protection period, in which this distance URma? is approximately equal to half the distance DQ of the protection period.

29. The communication system according to claim 28, wherein the users of the user group are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 4.

30. The communication system according to claim 26, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of collector elements, so that each of the collectors, in the group of collectors, is placed at a distance from each of the other collector elements in the group of collectors no greater than the distance CRmax, where CRmax is a value such that the inverted channel signals of the user in the collector elements are isolated.

31. The communication system, according to claim 30, having protection periods, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these protection periods establish a distance DQ, of the protection period, in which the distance CRmax is approximately equal to the distance DQ of the protection period.

32. The communication system, according to claim 31, wherein the users in the user groups are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 2.

33. The communication system according to claim 26, in which the totalizing element combines the signals of the user's reverse channels for each user, from the plurality of the collector elements, to form a combined signal, where this combined signal for each one of the users is isolated from the combined signal for each of the other users, even when the signals of the user's reverse channels received in one of the collectors are not isolated.

34. A communication system for communication between a network and one or more regions with a plurality of forward channel communications of the network, from the network, and with a plurality of corresponding reverse network channel communications, this system includes, one or more region management elements, one for each of the regions to control communications within a corresponding region, where each particular region includes a plurality of broadcasting zones, for each broadcasting area, a plurality of users, each of the users includes a user receiving element, to receive a different forward channel from the user and includes user transmitter elements to broadcast the user's reverse channel signals in a different user reverse channel, the plurality of users providing a plurality of of different user reverse channels, each of the user's reverse channels occupies a different bandwidth of the reverse channel in the diffusion range, a plurality of collector elements, each placed in a collector location within the diffusion zone, each of the collector elements includes, a collector receiver element, for receiving the composite signal comprising the reverse channels of the user from some of the plurality of users, each of the users sends forward a reverse channel of the user to two or more of the receiver elements of the collector, and a forward element of the collector, for forwarding the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users, such as reverse channel signals of the collector, for each broadcast zone, zone administering elements, which include; broadcasting elements placed in the broadcast location within the broadcast area, control elements, to select some of the plurality of users that are placed at any arbitrary distance from the broadcasting location and that are located within a predetermined distance of any one or more of the collector elements and to select some of the plurality of collector elements to form a group of collectors, whereby two or more collector elements in this group of collectors receive reverse channel signals from each of the same particular users, a broadcasting element, having a broadcasting transmitter to broadcast to the group of users the plurality of signals from forward channel, in a radio broadcasting range, to the group of users in the broadcasting zone a totalizing element, to receive the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from the collector element, this totalizing element receives signals from user reverse channel for each of the same particular users, from two or more collector elements in the group of collectors.

35. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the control element selects some of the plurality of users _ and some of the plurality of collector elements, so that the user's reverse channel signals in the collectors are isolated.

36. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of collectors, so that the difference between the sum of each user of the propagation time of the signals of channel forward of the user and the propagation time of the user's reverse channel signals, from this user to the collector elements for two users having reverse user channel signals active on the same collector element, do not exceed a synchronization error , so that the user's reverse channel signals in the same collector element are isolated for the user pairs.

37. The communication system according to claim 36, wherein the control element selects some of the plurality of users, so that each of the users in the user group is placed at a distance from each of the other users. in the user group, that a distance of URmax, where URmax is a value such that the user's reverse channel signals in the collector elements are isolated.

38. The communication system, according to claim 37, which has periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol, where the protection periods establish a distance, DQ , of the protection period, in which distance Rma? is approximately equal to half the distance DQ of the protection period.

39. The communication system according to claim 38, wherein the users of the user group are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 4.

40. The communication system according to claim 36, in which the control elements select some of the plurality of collector elements, so that each of the collectors, in the group of collectors, is placed at a distance from each of them. the other collector elements in the group of collectors no greater than the distance CRm ?, where CRmx is a value such that the inverted channel signals of the user in the collector elements are isolated.

41. The communication system, according to claim 40, which have periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots, to operate with a TDMA protocol, where these protection periods establish a distance DQ, of the protection period, in which the distance CRmx is approximately equal to the distance DQ of the protection period.

42. The communication system, according to claim 41, wherein the users in the user groups are placed within a circle of radius DQ / 2.

43. The communication system, according to! claim 36, in which the totalizing element combines the signals of the user's reverse channels for one of the users, from the plurality of the collector elements, to form "a combined signal, where this combined signal I for each of the users is isolated from the combined signal for each of the other users, even when the signals of the user's reverse channels received in one of the collectors are not isolated.

44. The communication system according to claim 34, in which for a particular broadcasting area, some of the transmitting elements of the user diffuse in user areas that are substantially smaller than the broadcasting area and in that a plurality of collecting elements they are placed inside the user's areas. I

45. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the broadcasting transmitter can be controlled by varying the transmit power for each forward broadcasting channel, whereby the transmission power and the broadcast interval for each forward broadcasting channel can be controlled individually.

46. The communication system according to claim 34, in which the user's transmitter for each user can be controlled by varying the transmission power of the user's reverse channels, whereby the user's range for each user can be controlled to achieve a plurality of collector elements.

47. The communication system according to claim 34, in which the element advancing the collector includes an element, collector transmitter, to transmit the reverse channel signals of the collector with the transmission characteristics, which isolate the reverse channel signals from the collector from the user's reverse channel signals.

48. The communication system according to claim 34, in which the user's particular inverse channel signals broadcast from a particular user's transmitting element, are received by some of the particular collector elements and in which some of the individual collector elements of each advances particular reverse channel signals of the collector, which correspond to the reverse channel signals to the totalizing element, and in which this totalizing element includes process elements of the totalizer for processing "the particular signals of the reverse channel of the collector from some collector elements. particular, to form reverse channel signals of the totalizer, as a representation of the user's inverse channel signals.

49. The communication system according to claim 48, wherein the process element of the totalizer is a digital signal processor, for processing the particular inverter channels of the collector, from some particular collector elements, to form the reverse channel signals of the totalizer as a representation of the user's reverse channel signals.

50. The communication system according to claim 34, in which one of the particular users is mobile and travels from a first location to a second location, the transmitting element for one of the particular users broadcasts particular user's reverse channel signals and in that , in the first location, the particular signals of the user's reverse channel are received by a first group of some particular collector elements and in which each collecting element of the first group of some particular collector elements sends forward to the totalizing element the first signals of individual reverse channel of collector, which correspond to the particular user's reverse channel signals; in the second location the particular inverse channel signals of the user are received by a second "group of some particular collector elements, and in which each collector element of the second group of some particular collector elements sends the totalizing element forward the second channel signals particular collector inverses, which correspond to the particular user's reverse channel signals, the totalizing element receives the first and second particular reverse channel signals of the collector and includes process elements of the totalizer to process the first and second particular signals of the collector. reverse channel of the collector, to form the reverse channel signals of the totalizer, as a representation of the user's reverse channel signals.

51. The communication system according to claim 50, wherein the one or more of the collecting elements are common to the first group and the second group.

52. The communication system, according to claim 50, wherein the user transmitting element for one of the particular users, diffuses in a user area, which is substantially smaller than the diffusion zone and which moves when the particular user is moves, from the first location to the second location and where, in the first location, the first group of some particular collector elements are located within the user's zone and where, in the second location, the second group of some elements of particular collector are located within the user's area.

53. The communication system according to claim 50, wherein the broadcast transmitter can be controlled by varying the transmit power for each forward broadcasting channel, whereby the transmission power and the broadcasting interval for each forward broadcasting can be controlled individually, where when the particular user is in a first location, a particular forward broadcasting channel has a first power level. , so that the broadcasting interval extends to the first location and where, when the particular user is in the second location, the particular forward broadcasting channel has a second power level, so that the broadcasting interval extends to the second location.

54. The communication system according to claim 50, wherein the user's transmitter for the particular user can be controlled by varying the transmit power of a particular user's reverse channel for the particular user, whereby the user's range for the user particular can be controlled and where, when the particular user is in the first location, the user's particular inverse channel has a first power level, so that the user's range extends to the first group of some particular collector elements and where , when the particular user is in the second location, the user's inverse private channel has a second power level, so that the user's range extends to the second group of some particular collector elements.

55. The communication system according to claim 50, wherein the collector transmitter element is a transmitter that transmits the reverse channel signals of the collector with transmission characteristics that isolate the reverse channel signals from the collector from the user's reverse channel signals .

56. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the zone manager element includes control elements for assigning a forward channel of broadcasting and a reverse channel of the user for a particular user under the control of the management element of the region.

57. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the region management element includes elements for assigning forward and reverse channels with a reuse pattern.

58. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the administrator element and region stores a fixed reuse pattern and the zone management element includes a control element for assigning a forward broadcasting channel and a user reverse channel, for a particular user, according to the fixed pattern of reuse under control of the region management element.

59. The communication system according to claim 34, wherein the region management element includes a dynamic control element for dynamic channel allocation and where the zone management element includes a control element for assigning a channel to forward of broadcasting and a user's reverse channel for a particular user, according to the dynamic channel assignment under the control of the region management element.

60. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel signals and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, to operate with a TDMA protocol, which has long protection periods, TLQ between the time slots for data transfer synchronization, where long periods of protection establish distances, D, of long periods of protection, and that have normal periods of protection, TQ, between time slots for normal transfers, where normal periods of protection establish normal distances, DQ, of periods of protection, this system comprises: a plurality of users in a broadcasting area, each of the users includes a user receiving element, to receive a different forward channel from the user and which includes a transmitting element of the user to broadcast reverse channel signals of the user in a different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users provides a plurality of different user reverse channels, each of the user's reverse channels occupies a different bandwidth of the user's reverse channel and the user's reverse channels collectively form a composite signal, one or more collecting elements , each placed in a collector location to receive inverted channels of the user from one or more of the plurality of users, each collector element includes, a collector receiver element, to receive the composite signal, which includes the channels 10 user inverses, from some of the plurality of users, and advance elements of the collector, to forward the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users 15 as the reverse channel signals of the collector, the management element of the user. The zone includes: broadcasting elements, placed in a broadcasting location within the broadcasting zone, control elements, to select some of the plurality of users to form groups of users and to select some of the plurality of collecting elements, for to form 25 groups of collectors, the control elements select as one of the groups of the user, some of the plurality of users, which are located at any arbitrary distance from the location of the radio station and which are located within a distance, DLG of any of the collector element, these control elements select some of the plurality of collector elements, to form one of the groups of 10 collector, whereby two or more collector elements in the group of collectors receive signals from inverse channels from each of some particular users, these control elements control the transfers to the 15 users in one of the user groups with the long protection period for synchronization transfers and with the normal protection period for normal transfers, 20 the control elements select some of the plurality of users and some of the plurality of users. collectors, so that the differences between the sum of each user of a propagation time of the channel signal in front of the User from the broadcasting to the user and a propagation time of the corresponding reverse channel signal of the user from the user to the collector element, by pairs of users, which have active 5-channel reverse user signals, in the same elements of collector, do not exceed a synchronization error, so that the user's reverse channel signals in the same collector element, are isolated for the user pairs, The control elements select some of the plurality of users, so that each of the users in one of the user groups is placed at a distance from each of the other users in one of the user groups. 15 not greater than a distance URmax, where URm ^ x is a value such that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collector elements are isolated and in which the distance URma? is approximately equal to half the distance DQ 20 of the protection period, broadcasting elements, including a broadcasting transmitter for broadcasting a plurality of channel signals in advance of the user with a broadcasting interval to the broadcasting group. 25 users in the broadcasting area, a totalizing element, to receive the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from the collector elements, this totalizing element receives the inverted channel signals of the user for each particular user from two or more elements of collector in the collector group, to form two or more signals received by the totalizer for each particular user, this totalizing element combines the two or more signals received from the totalizer to form a combined simple signal for each particular user.

61. A communication system, having a plurality of forward channel signals and a plurality of corresponding "reverse channel signals, to operate with a TDMA protocol, which has long periods of protection, TLG between the time slots for synchronization transfers, where long periods of protection establish distances, DLG, ole long periods of protection, and have normal periods of protection, TQ, between the time slots for normal transfers, where the normal periods of protection establish normal distances, DQ, of periods of protection, this system comprises: a plurality of users in a broadcasting area, each of the users includes a user receiving element, to receive a different channel towards forward of the user and that includes a transmitting element of the user to broadcast reverse channel signals of the user in a different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users provides a plurality of different reverse channels of the user, each of the user's reverse channels occupies a different bandwidth of the user's reverse channel and the user's reverse channels collectively form a composite signal, one or more collector elements, each placed in a collector location to receive reverse channels of the user from one or more of the plurality of users, each collector element includes, a collector receiver element, to receive the composite signal, which includes the user's reverse channels, from some of the plurality of users, and advance elements of the collector, to forward the user's reverse channels from some of the plurality of users as the reverse channel signals of the user. - 5 tor, the zone management element includes: broadcasting elements, placed in a broadcasting location within the broadcasting zone, 10 control elements, to select some of the plurality of users to form user groups and to select some of the plurality of collector elements, to form groups of collectors, the control elements select as one of the user groups, some of the plurality of users, which are located at any arbitrary distance from the location of the broadcaster and which are placed within a distance, DG. e any of the collector elements, these elements of c Ontrol select some of the plurality of collector elements, to form one of the collector groups, whereby two or more collector elements in the group of collectors receive signals from inverse channels from each of some particular users, these elements controls control transfers to users in one of the user groups with 5 the long protection period for synchronization transfers and with the normal protection period for normal transfers, the control elements select some of the 10 plurality of users and some of the plurality of collectors, so that the differences between the sum of each user of a propagation time of the channel signal in front of the user from the broadcasting to the user and a The propagation time of the corresponding reverse channel signal of the user from the user to the collector element, by pairs of users, having active reverse channel signals of the user, in the same elements of the user. 20 collector, do not exceed a synchronization error, so that the user's reverse channel signals on the same collector element, are isolated for the user pairs, the control elements select some of the 25 ~~ plurality of collectors, so that each of the collectors in one of the groups of collectors are placed at a distance from each of the other collectors in one of the groups of collectors no greater than a distance 5 CR-max where CRmax is a value such that the signals of the user's reverse channel in the collector elements are isolated and that the distance CRmax is approximately equal to half the distance DQ of the protection period, 10 broadcasting elements, which they include a broadcast transmitter for broadcasting a plurality of channel signals in advance of the user with a broadcast interval to the group of 15 users in the broadcasting area, a totalizing element, to receive the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from the collector elements, this totalizing element receives the channel signals inverted by the user for each particular user from two or more collector elements in the collector group, to form two or more signals received by the totalizer for each particular user, this totalizer element 25 combines the two or more signals received from the totalizer to form a combined simple signal for each particular user.

62. A method of operation in a communication system, wherein this communication system includes: a plurality of forward channel signals and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, a plurality of users in a broadcasting area, each of the users includes user receiving elements, to receive a different forward channel from the user and includes a transmitting element of the user, to broadcast reverse channel signals of the user in a "different reverse channel of the user, the plurality of users providing a plurality of different channels user inverses collectively as a composite signal, a plurality of collector elements, distributed in proximity to the broadcasting area in spaced locations, each collector element includes, collector receiver elements, to receive the composite signal with the reverse channel signals from some of the plurality of users, and elem Inputs that advance the collector, to forward the user's inverse channel signals from some of the plurality of users, such as inverse channel signals, a zone management element, which include control elements, broadcasting elements that have a Broadcast transmitter and a totalizing element, this method comprises: selecting the control elements of the plurality of users, to form a group of users, selecting with the control elements some of the plurality of the collector elements, to form a group of collectors, broadcasting, with the broadcasting transmitter, the plurality of forward channel signals of the user, over a broadcasting range, to the group of users in the broadcasting area, receiving in the totalizing element the plurality of corresponding reverse channel signals, from one or more collector elements.