MXPA98003396A - Method of printing and means of printing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a printing method and a printing medium containing a base paper and having a smoothness less than or equal to about 110 Hagerty units, a formation index of at least about 40 and a gauge and a acceptance of sufficient load to minimize or eliminate substantially or completely the formation of manch

Description

PRINTING METHOD AND PRINTING MEDIUM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of 1 to invention. The present invention is directed to a method and to a printing medium, wherein the printed area is essentially or completely free of spots. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a method of printing in color and to a paper medium, which is substantially or totally resistant to the formation of spots in a color-printed region thereof, or where the formation of a film is minimized. spots 2. Description of 1 to related technique. Spotting is a condition that is related to a printed region, usually on paper. Typically, the printed region is a continuously colored area that has deposited, on it, one or more colors. For example, color prints (e.g., those made by xerographic printing) contain numerous contiguously colored areas, forming the print itself. Typically, the spots manifest themselves as a variation of the color density in the printed field. For example, when viewed with the naked eye, the spots appear as areas with a REF: 27118 light and strong color density. Therefore, instead of displaying a uniform color density, a variation in color density is noted. As a result, spotting reduces the overall quality of the print. Stain formation is typically observed in color printing. When the print color is black in a single shade, the presence of spots, even if they exist, can be overcome by masking the underlying spots with additional layers of black ink. However, in color printing, it is often difficult to increase the thickness of the color layer. This is partially true because in color xerography, for example, it is not effective to increase the thickness of the color and still maintain an adequate color density. Among other properties, color density, color saturation and color range depend on a precisely defined combination of the densities of cyan, magenta, yellow and black. In addition, the fusion energy, the adhesion of the organic pigment and the brightness of the image depend on the amount of an organic pigment of given color deposited per unit of printed area. As such, if the thickness of the color layer is increased to a level sufficient to mask, reduce or, on the other hand, eliminate the formation of spots, the desired color saturation, the color range, the color itself, the brightness of the image, and similar features, respectively, can not be maintained. Accordingly, there is a need to provide a printing method and a printing medium that is substantially or totally resistant to spotting, without having to increase the thickness of the color.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a printing method and a printing medium having a minimized, reduced or no stain formation when printed thereon by means of one or more colors. The present invention also provides a method of color xerographic printing, digital printing and digital image formation and a color or digital xerographic printing means that minimizes or is substantially or totally resistant to spotting. The present invention is carried out by a printing medium having a printed region comprising a base, wherein the printing medium has a smoothness of the printing surface, a forming index, Fl, a thickness, r, and a acceptance of the load, V, where each of which is sufficient to minimize or substantially, or totally, eliminate the formation of spots. Printing is effected by a printing method that comprises: (a) providing a printing medium; and (b) depositing one or more colors on the printing medium, to form a printed region, where the printing medium has a smoothness of the printing surface, a formation index, Fl, a thickness, r, and an acceptance of the load, V, where each of which is sufficient to minimize or substantially or totally eliminate the formation of spots.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a schematic view of a Training Analyzer / Fl ócul or -M / K, Model 950R, showing the critical parts thereof DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES Several factors affect the formation of the spots. These factors relate to the printing medium as compared to the layer (s) of the pigment, the ink or the organic pigment of a print. However, unless suitable combinations of the pigment, ink or organic pigment layer are used, the desired printing can not be formed. However, until now, the problem of spotting remained unresolved, partly because a greater thickness of the color layer could not be used to solve this problem. Now, it is surprisingly determined that if certain factors of the printing medium are provided within desired limits, the formation of spots is minimized or eliminated substantially or completely, at least to the extent that if the formation of spots occurs, they remain unnoticed. when they are observed with the naked eye.

Examples of suitable papers for use with the present invention belong to the category of "Grade for Printing and Writing". This category includes, but is not limited to, the subclasses of roles indicated here. These subclasses include "Fine Papers", "Simple Plywood" (excluding cupboard and milk), "Newspaper and Offset Paper (medium gloss paper", "Coated Papers", "Special Printing Papers", and the like). In accordance with the present invention, these and other types of papers can be used and socre printed by methods that include, but are not limited to, digital image formation, digital printing, xerography, electrophotography, reprography, similar lithography. See, PULP AND PAPER CHEMISTRY AND C HEM TC - .-- TECHNOLOGY, 3rd ed., Vol.1, James P. Casey, Editor, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1980) See also, GA Smook et al., HANDBOOK FOR PULP AND PAPER TECHNOLOG I STS, Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montreal, Canada (1989), US Patent No. 5,281,507 (Simms et al.), JF Oliver, The Role of Paper Surface Properties in Non-Impact Printing, vol 14, No. 5, Journa l of Imaging Technology, pp. 144-148 (October 1988); H. W. Davidson, Paper Surface Printability in Connection with Molecular and Cell Structures, vol. 105, Chemical Abstracts, pp. 116 (1986); Hansuebai, A., et al., SMOOTHNESS, 66 (11), Am. Ink Maker, pp. 28, 30, 32, 34-34H (1988); I. M. Kajanto, The effect of training on print quality with wood-free offset papers, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, No. 1, pp. 8-15 (1989). It is noted that certain papers are not included among the kinds of papers that can be used in accordance with the present invention. These excluded classes are "Estraza Paper" (Kraft Paper), "Silk Paper", "Mu 1 ip 1 a cas" Paper, "Corrugated Media" and "Ceiling Material", where each of them is not projected for electrophotographic printing. In the embodiments of the present invention, the various factors that affect stain formation include smoothness, formation, load acceptance and caliper. The smoothness refers to the uniformity of the printing surface of the printing medium, e.g., paper. The smoothness can be measured by various methods known to those skilled in the art. These methods include those established and known as TAPPI TEST METHODS. Examples include tests T555 pm-94 (Roughness of paper and cardboard (printing-breaking method -Pnt-surf)) and T538 om-96 (Roughness of paper and cardboard (Method of S affiéis) tests ( Sheffield and Hagerty are terms that can be changed.) A smoothness less than or equal to approximately 110 Hagerty units is preferred., in accordance with the present invention, to minimize, eliminate or substantially reduce the formation of spots. The smoothness can be achieved by a combiPac_.or. of the fibers that form the base papers. For this reason, thin, small fibers are preferred to hardwood. Eucalyptus provides the preferred fibers of hardwood. The fibers of the wood can be mixed with an amount of up to 70%, by weight, of soft wood fibers, married in the total weight e. final paper. The compression of these fibers, according to the well-recognized methods in the art, achieves - at the desired densification and an asura less than or equal to 111 Hagerty units. In addition, the glazing, e-coating and / or saturation of these fibers can lead to achieving not only the prescribed smoothness, but also the desired finish (eg, glossy, matt or opaque). , other substrates than the base papers may be used In accordance with the present invention, the smoothness is less than or equal to about 110 Hagerty units, preferably from about 0 to about 110 Hagerty units, more preferably, from about 5 to about 100 units Hagerty and, most preferably, from about 15 to about 75 Hagerty units In a number of cases, however, a smoothness of about 100 to about 110 Hagerty units may be used In addition to the smoothness, paper formation measured in terms of a training index should preferably be greater than or equal to about 40. The training is a variation in the percentage in that of the components that make up the paper, about the total volume of the paper. To achieve the desired formation index, hardwood fibers (e.g., eucalyptus fibers) can be blended with up to 70%, by weight, of softwood fibers, based on a total weight of the final paper. In addition, an additional filler from about 0 to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the final paper, can be used. For example, for uncoated papers, preferably, the filler comprises from about 5% to about 24%, by weight, and more preferably from about 15% to about 24% by weight. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are percentages by weight, based on the total weight of the final paper formed in accordance with the present invention. Examples of fillers suitable for use with the present invention include clays, calcium carbonates, titanium dioxide, talc, silicates, other pigments, and mixtures of the same. The procedure for measuring the formation of a paper, in terms of the index of formation (Fl), is noted below. According to the method outlined below, the Fl is at least about 40, preferably from about 40 to about 130 and, more preferably, from about 70 to about 200.

Procedure to Quantify the Fl in a Paper Test. This procedure provides an index of the formation for a leaf and provides quantitative information concerning the distribution of the size of the floccu and a representation of the distribution of the floccu.

Equipment . 3.1 M / K Formation / Flooring Analyzer, Model 950R, with printer and manual for it. With reference to Figure 1, the M / K Systems, Inc. Milling Tester measures the uniformity of paper based on localized variations in its weight basis, ie, over areas in the 0.15 mpr range. to 16 mm_. As shown in Figure 1, the test sheet 10 is mounted on the drum 20, 20 cm long and 10 cm in diameter, of the Pyrex brand, and is illuminated by means of a lamp 30, with the lens 32 mounted on its axis. The white light, 40, emitted by the lamp 30 is collimated over an area of the sheet of approximately 5 mm in diameter. The light transmitted perpendicularly through the sheet is passed by means of a focusing lens, 50, through a small opening, 60, outside the drum, 20, and on -ir. a photocell, 70, which is directly behind the wall. As the drum 20 rotates at 150 rpm, the light source (not shown) and aperture / photoceramic assembly are driven in tandem down the shaft by a stepper motor (not shown), in 0.8 mm increments. Therefore, an area approximately equal to 18 cm x 25 cm, from h to 10, is examined in approximately 200 almost contiguous scan lines. An important feature of the instrument is the way in which individual measurements are handled. The readings made and stored in your memory are not measurements of the absolute optical density. Rather, they are measurements of the deviations from the average optical density. Before sweeping a sheet, the drum performs 20 rotations along its right edge. During these 20 rotations, the light intensity is adjusted so that the average amount of light transmitted is the same for all papers, regardless of their weight basis. This amount of transmission also always corresponds to the average weight, class # 32, to the n ---- s t og branch of the base weight, placing the measurement of a formation, of all the pages, on the same scale. The main reason for training in this way is that it has been found that when the Formation index of this set is determined, it is correlated ^ x. and well both with the values v-sua-.es of formation and with the relative variations ae - a mass of the weight case to all the leaves uncoated and slightly filled, except for the papers s ob r ° - e "sii , such as crystal paper, tracing paper, release paper, etc. (Kamppa, A., Journal of Physics E., Scientific Instruments 15, p.1119-22 (1982).) For example, it has been shown that contour maps of the basis weight, prepared by means of the micro-densimetric (optical) exploration of a leaf and its beta-ray radiography, are virtually identical in each structural detail (Kallmes, O., Paper Trade Journal 154 (1971) The changes in the basis weight per se can not be described on an absolute basis, but only in a relative way.When one considers the effect of a given variation of the base weight on a light leaf and a heavy leaf, for example, a difference of 5 gsm is highly significant for a 15 gsm silk sheet, but virtu negligible aliquot for a 440 gsm plate. Corte and Dodson (Das Papier 23 (1969) 381) have theoretically shown that, for a sheet formed randomly, the variance of the base weight of a leaf is a function of the average length of its fibers and its denier, the area of the leaf examined by measurement, and e. base weight of the leaf. Machine-made papers, of course, are less ^ r. -. f or rme s that fabpcaccs randomly, and so there are additional complications. Therefore, it follows that the variations of the base basis are strictly co-r-oa r a 1 s only within a certain degree obtained from certain raw materials. For practical purposes, however, the results are comparable within narrow weight ranges, barely ± 20%. Each measurement, ie, each deviation of the local optical density from the mean, is amplified, passed through an analog-to-di gi ta 1 converter, and stored in one of the 64 classes or boxes of "base weight" memory measured optically, which differ from each other by approximately 1% of the gray scale. The greater the deviation in optical density from the average, the farther a given data point is stored, from the central drawer or average weight class (# 32), of the histogram. At the end of each scan, three histogram parameters of 100,000 points are recorded digitally in the memory. One is the number of contiguous classes that contain at least 100 data points. The second is the amplitude, or peak height, of the histogram, i.e., the number of data points in the class that contains the largest number of data points, usually in class # 32. Finally, the instrument calculates the Formation index, which is defined as the ratio of the peak height, divided by the number of its weight classes and per 100, or Peak height 1 Training index X No. of Classes 100 The more uniform a leaf is, the higher its peak height, and the lower the number of weight classes in which the data falls. Therefore, the two parameters that comprise the Formation index vary so that they increase or decrease it, depending on the nature of the change in the uniformity of a sheet. This makes the instrument highly sensitive to small variations in the quality of the training.

The Training Index is particularly sensitive to small-scale variations. Since these variations are particularly sensitive to the very short fiber content of a leaf, it follows that the Formation index is sensitive to very short fibers. Thus, for example, in the start-up of a paper machine in fresh water, the Fl can easily be duplicated during the first couple of hours of operation, as the very short fiber content of the white water gradually increases.

Selection of the sample. 4.1 For batches in multiple reams, the samples should be selected in such a way that the cross section of the total product is obtained. 4.2 For each ream evaluated, select one (1) sheet. (Minimum four (4) reams). If there are less than four reams, select enough sheets to obtain the evaluation of the product.

Preparation of the Sample. 5.1 Mark each sheet indicating the ream (or the sheet in a series).

Process . Figure 1 shows a schematic of the equipment used in conjunction with the procedure described here. 6.1 Mount the sample 10 in the scanner drum 20, using retention tabs (not shown), making sure that one edge is in contact with the black retaining ring (not shown) of the glass drum (ie, 20) and that the sample 10 is placed flush against the surface of the drum 20. 6.2 Make sure that the opening 60 is adjusted to the correct size (for most papers use the "blue" setting, see the manual noted in 3.1 above) ) and that is properly supported on the fastener (not shown) and the interval is set to "1" (see the manual noted in 3.1, above). 6.3 Activate the equipment (see 3.1 above) and make sure that the screen (not shown) does not indicate "drum" or "lamp". If so, this indicates that the opening of the hole is too small so that the drum 20 needs to be turned. See the manual referred to in point 3.1 above. 6.4 Turn the selection knob (not shown) until "run formation" appears on the screen and then press the "enter" key twice. 6.5 After printing the results, turn the selector knob (not shown) until "start floc run" is displayed. Now insert the "red aperture" ("red aperture") instead of the "blue aperture" ("blue aperture") and press "enter". The red aperture is used for most papers. 6. 6 Make sure that the integer is set to "1". 6.7 When the --- pressure is completed, remove the tested sample and assemble a new master, as described in step 6.1 of the procedure. Repeat steps 6.1 to 6.7, as necessary.

Results Mark and separate printed sheets from the printer (not shown). To achieve a formation index of at least 40, they are typically mixed with water, hardwood fibers in an amount of up to about 30%, softwood fibers up to about 70%, fillers up to about 30%, and other well-known additives in The technique. Various fibers, fillers and additives are mentioned in the patents and publications cited above. The mixture of fibers, fillers and other additives well known to those skilled in the art is passed through, through a refining process of the fiber to an adequate degree of "fineness", eg, 400, and then the fibers (fillers and other additives) are finished by the appropriate conditions of drainage and drainage of the wet part. These procedures are well known to those skilled in the art. The first attempt is to provide a uniform level of turbulence by mixing the fibers, fillers, other additives, and the like, what: -; to . allows a fast curing of the fibers, without alteration is localized. For this purpose, any type of "trainer" can be used, including, for example, two-wire separation formers (eg, Fourdpner, Beioit Bel Baie, III), hybrid formers (ie, sec ::? single, short wire, followed by an upper forming section as in a Synformer Valmet), and the like In addition, a Dandy roll can be used to reinforce forming in a slow forming machine, such as those described above. , a paper that presents a variation of weight not greater than, approximately, from 0.2 to 0.1%, by weight, in all the depth, width and height (ie, volume) of each paper formed in this way. and the formation (ie, index of formation), the paper must have a load acceptance and a sufficient gauge (ie, thickness) to provide a substantially or totally stain-free paper in a printed region thereof, or where it is minimized the formac stain ion. The acceptance of a paper's load is related to the electrical properties of paper that, in turn, are affected by the moisture content of the paper. Various agents can be included for the control of conductivity with fibers, fillers, other additives and the like, used by those trained in the paper forming technique. These agents for controlling conductivity include, but are not limited to, various salts, conducting polymers and compounds containing quaternary ammonium groups. Examples of these are NaCl, NaNO: -, and the like. In addition, the acceptance of the load can be affected by ionic impurities that are present. Accordingly, these impurities in the pulp, in the other fibers, fillers, other additives, the water used, and the like, need to be controlled. These procedures are known to those trained in the art. To form the printing medium (eg, paper), according to the present invention, the acceptance of the charge, of the paper, preferably needs to satisfy the conditions of Equation (I) and the formation index needs to satisfy the Equation (II). ): or 1 s or 1 a d o. { 4.2 + (-9.86 + 0.1rB.dida) 1 a} / 0. (I) Fl 0.008V aulaulac 1.8V cculcul + 145 (II) where rmedlia is the caliber or thickness, r, of the paper (expressed in microns), where V-al is a minimum value of the acceptance of charge, V (expressed in volts), and vJai uiaJo is a positive real number (expressed in volts) and where Fl is the minimum paper formation index, or, alternatively, satisfying Equation (III): VMEDiDo / rMZDIDA - 1950 / (Fl) 2 - 30 / FI + 0.65 (III) where V .._.: _, Is the load acceptance, in volts, of the paper and r i: .. --- «-. is the thickness, in microns, of the paper and where Fl is the index of minimum paper formation, and Fl is a positive real number. Equations (I) and (II), when V- ^. : --- ±. (? .e., minimum acceptance of effective load, V) is determined by Equation (I), Fl (minimum effective formation index) is determined by Equation (II). Therefore, for a given thickness, r, the minimum value of the load acceptance V, can be determined by solving Equation (I). This resolved value of V represents the minimum load acceptance that a paper can have and conforms to the paper manufactured in accordance with the present invention. In addition, the minimum value of Fl must satisfy the condition of the Ecua ::: - 1 II), where Fl is the training index previously recorded. The value of Fl must be at least 43, preferably at least 45. The minimum value of Fl for a given paper having a thickness r and an ir.-a load acceptance V (calculated from Equation (I) is determined Solving the Solution (II) Alte nately, if Equations (I) and (II) are not satisfied, then the Equation li:, where Fl is a positive real number must be satisfied, therefore, paper that satisfies the JS previously cited imply - equal to approximately 110 Hagertyanities), the formation nd - - e (at least approximately 40), the load acceptance and the caliber (sufficient to eliminate the stains substantially or totally; alternatively, satisfying the conditions of Equations (I) and (II)) is a paper that conforms to the present invention. In Equation (III), the value of rMEDiDA can be a pre-set thickness or the measured thickness of a paper made in accordance with the present invention. Similarly, the value of V.r, Ld--, may be a pre-set value of the load acceptance or the measured load acceptance of a paper manufactured in accordance with the present invention. Also, if the thickness, r, of a printing medium (eg, paper) is less than about 98.6 microns, then the load acceptance, V, of the same is at least about 80 volts, and the formation index, Fl. , of the same, is at least about 45 for a printing medium of this type (eg, paper) to be in accordance with the present invention. Preferably, the thickness of the printing medium is from approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 0.5 mm. The procedure for measuring load acceptance, V, is described in Section 1-4 of the instruction manual for the Monroe Electronics static charge analyzer, MODEL 276A, and the Block Diagram provided with it, each of which it is incorporated here as a reference, in its entirety. Note that the comments specified therein that relate to the ZnO coated papers are irrelevant to the present invention. In addition, static charge retention trends are measured with a relative humidity of 50%, a temperature of 70 ° F (21.1 ° C) at a current of 25 microamperes, for 5 seconds. Also, the section dealing with the calibration of the light source is irrelevant to the present invention. The light source noted here is disconnected. According to the present invention, the method for printing (e.g., color xerographic printing) comprises providing the paper of the present invention and depositing one or more colors thereon to give substantially or completely free prints of spots on the same. All test methods, the descriptions thereof including the TAPPI test methods, and the decipitations thereof, all manuals, patents and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, in this application. Other modifications of the present invention may be presented to those skilled in the art, based on a review of the present application and these modifications, including equivalents thereof, are contemplated to be included within the scope of the present invention.

It is noted that, in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects to which it refers. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (22)

1. CLAIMS 1. A printing medium that co-ppren-of a base, characterized in that the printing medium has a thickness, r, a load acceptance, V, a smoothness of the printing surface and an index of formation, Fl, where the thickness, r, load acceptance, V, the smoothness and the index of formation are sufficient to minimize the formation of spots. to minimize the formation of spots.
2. 2. Means of printing, according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothness of the printing surface is less than or equal to about 110 Hagerty units and because the formation index, Fl, is greater than or equal to about 40 and because the smoothness of the printing surface, the thickness, r, the acceptance of load, V, and the index of formation, Fl, are sufficient to eliminate substantially or totally the formation of mancnas.
3. 3. The printing medium, in accordance with claim 1, is cited because the printing is paper.
4. 4. The printing medium, in accordance with claim 1, falls into the category because the base is paper.
5. 5. The printing medium, according to claim 1, characterized in that the printing medium is a printing and writing grade paper.
6. 6. The printing medium, according to claim 1, characterized in that V has a minimum value that is calculated by Equation (I): Called cured. { 4.2 + (-9.86 + 0. lr measure) 1/2} /0.5 (i) and where Fl satisfies the Equation (II Fl - 0.008V aalsu do - 1.8V cal oul do + 145 (II) where r measured is the thickness, r, expressed in microns, where ca is the minimum value of the acceptance of charge, V expressed in volts, and Vcal.ljlaao is a positive real number and where Fl is the index of minimum formation of the mean of Print.
7. 7. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that Fl is at least about 45.
8. 8. The printing medium, in accordance with the indication 7, characterized in that r is from about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm.
9. 9. The printing medium, according to claim 8, characterized in that the base is a paper comprising up to about 70%, by weight, of at least one soft wood fiber, up to about 30%, by weight, of at least one hardwood fiber and up to about 30%, by weight, of at least one filler.
10. 10. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that the printing medium is paper.
11. 11. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that the smoothness is from about 100 to about 110 Hagerty units.
12. 12. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that the smoothness is from about 0 to about 110 Hagerty units.
13. 13. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that the smoothness is from about 5 to about 100 Hagerty units.
14. 14. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that the smoothness is from about 15 to about 75 Hagerty units.
15. 15. The printing medium, according to claim 6, characterized in that Fl is from about 40 to about 130.
16. 16. A printing medium characterized in that it comprises a substrate, wherein the printing medium has a thickness, r, a load acceptance, V, a print surface smoothness of less than or equal to about 110 Hagerty units, and an index of formation, Fl, with a value greater than, or equal to, approximately 40, where V has a minimum value that is calculated by Equation (I): cal ------- bundled { 4 .2 + (-9.86 + 0.1rm.dld,) 1/2} /0.5 (I) and where Fl satisfies the Equation (II) Fl 0.008V calculated - 1.8V calculated; + 145 (ID where measured is the thickness, r, expressed in microns, where Jaicuiado is the minimum value of the load acceptance, V expressed in volts, and V calcified is a positive real number and where Fl is the index of minimum formation of the printing medium.
17. 17. A printing method, characterized in that it comprises: (a) providing a printing medium, characterized in that it comprises a base, where the printing medium has a thickness, r, a load acceptance, V, a smoothness of the printing surface and a formation index, Fl, where the thickness, r, the acceptance of load, V, the smoothness and the index of formation, Fl, are sufficient to minimize the formation of spots; and (b) depositing one or more colors on the printing medium, to form a printed region on the printing medium.
18. 18. A printing method, characterized in that it comprises: (a) providing a printing medium comprising a base paper, wherein the printing medium has a thickness, r, a load acceptance, V, a smoothness of the printing surface less than , or equal to, approximately 110 Hagerty units, and a formation index, Fl, with a value greater than, or equal to, approximately 40, where the thickness, r, and load acceptance, V, the smoothness of the surface of printing and the index of formation, Fl, are sufficient to eliminate substantially or totally the formation of spots; and (b) depositing one or more colors on the printing medium.
19. 19. The method, according to claim 18, characterized in that V has a minimum value that is calculated by means of Equation (I): cal. { 4.2 + (-9.86 + 0.1rm.dld.) 1 2.}. /0.5 (I) and where Fl satisfies the Equation (II Fl - 0.008Ve, loul, dc - 1.8V cal c side 145 (II) where rmeiiJa is the thickness, r, expressed in microns, where V alculadc is the minimum value of the load acceptance, V expressed in volts, and V a? Aidio is a positive real number and where Fl is the minimum formation index of the printing medium.
20. 20. The method, according to claim 17, characterized in that the deposition step is a xerographic printing step.
21. 21. A printing method, characterized in that it comprises: (a) providing the printing medium according to claim 1; and (b) depositing one or more colors on the printing medium.
22. 22. The printing medium, according to claim 1, characterized in that r is found to be about 98.6 microns and where V is at least about 80 volts, and where Fl is at least about 40.