MXPA98003107A - A boat whose helmet or used volume is out of the water and is provided of floating means linked to that ca - Google Patents

Abstract

The main object of the present invention is a boat whose hull or usable volume is outside the water, and whose submerged and semi-submerged part consists of anti-roll thrust floats essentially of elongated shape, of axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the assembly and in quantity of less two, whose design minimizes the resistance to the advance, increases the drizante moment, favors the maneuverability and stability of the conjun

Description

A BOAT WHOSE HELMET OR USED VOLUME IS FOUND OUT OF THE WATER AND IS PROVIDED OF MEANS OF FLOTATION LINKED TO SAID HELMET " The present invention is a further application to the patent application No. P97 Ol 06938. The present invention is a solution to a classic problem of navigation: how to reduce the resistance that opposes water and at the same time navigate stable at high speeds in calm and turbulent waters. There are precedents that for one reason or another do not reach an appropriate solution because they lack stability or propose a structure that considerably reduces the effect to be achieved. Argentine patent 213,661 discloses submerged floats in the form of ellipsoids of revolution, however, it does not mention stabilizing means such as those of the present. The Japanese patent KOKAI 52-31486 mentions submerged floats but does not disclose their shape, and includes a pedendicular leveling means between two floats (at the height of the rear end thereof) and attached thereto, and a horizontal and vertical rudder system as well between the two floats (at the height of the front end of them) and attached to them. Both these leveling means and the rudder system, due to their characteristics, increase the circulation surface and, due to their shape, incompatible with the design requirements to minimize the shape resistance, they cause a great increase in the resistance to the advance. European patent 0080308 includes semi-submerged removable floats which are attached at their anterior and posterior ends to partially submerged and pedendicular columns to the water. The submerged ends of said columns include pairs of opposing fins as stabilizing means. As indicated by the background, this boat is designed for rest or low speeds. This is evident, since the presence of the columns near JOS ends of the floats drastically reduce the effect of form achieved by them, besides being the same columns elements that cause resistance by waves, increase the resistance to the advance and requires a great structure to handle the float removers. Given this background, it is clear that no adequate stabilizing means have been found to be combined with floats that support a vessel, nor has it been effectively resolved that said vessel can act in both calm waters and turbulent waters in a stable manner. The main object of the present invention is a vessel whose hull or usable volume (1) is outside the water, and whose submerged (2) and semi-submerged part (3) consists of anti-coil floats (2,3), mainly of elongated shape, of axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the set, parantes whose shape is a succession of ellipses, and in quantity of at least two, whose design minimizes the resistance to advance, increases the drizante moment, favors the maneuverability and stability of the set. With the aforesaid basic conception of the aforementioned vessel, a plurality of advantages are achieved with respect to conventional vessels, since it drastically reduces the resistance by wave formation (unitary movement) with respect to any other known vessel; reduces the resistance to the advance; provides the possibility of a better use of the propulsive power; produces fuel savings; allows higher speeds for transportation; It has little draft; has wider sleeve; obtains the optimum balance between the surface resistance and the shape resistance, to achieve the minimum resistance to the advance and the maximum maneuverability and stability; saves the inconvenience of the stability to be able to produce drizante moment (answer to the rolido of the boat) with minimum generation of undoso movement; it does not use energy to produce the "glide effect" since the lift of the ship is basically static and not dynamic; allows at the same time the transport of large loads. Let's analyze the behavior of a boat, using the present invention under variable conditions of speed and waters in calm or turbulent state. There are basically three types of resistance that consume propulsion power, namely: surface resistance, shape resistance and wave resistance. At relative speeds (dimensionless parameter related to the Froude number) low (between 0 and 1.5) friction forces that comprise between 80% and 85% of the total resistance predominate. At high relative speeds without planing (from 1.5 to 3) the friction forces comprise 50% of the total resistance and said total resistance from 1.5 grows much more quickly than at low speeds, mainly due to the formation of waves . As a reference of relative speeds we can say that a cargo ship moves to 0.8, a warship to 2.0 and an off-shore launch to 7.0 or more. When practically all (80% to 100% of its volume) of the anti-roll thrust floats (2.3) is submerged, and its arrangement as described in the patent Arg. 213.6 1 - unique in the aforementioned antecedents to the maximum the shape of the floats -, the runoff is almost complete, the air-water contact surface due to the floats is much smaller than in conventional vessels and the corresponding resistances are much smaller, with the consequent use of the propulsive power , especially at high speeds. In order to provide the necessary stability to the device when the waters are calm stabilizers will be placed on the extreme floats, both forward and aft. Said stabilizers controlled by any known means, which may be, among others, manual hydraulic drives or controlled by microprocessor, will compensate the pitch and roll of the boat. At high speeds, and as the waters become turbulent, the stabilizers are not sufficient to achieve the stability of the device. The solution offered by the present, manages to continue with the maximum use of the shape of the floats, in order to minimize the strength of form, minimize the resistance by wave formation, and, however, increase the stability gradually, as that the boat needs it The conformation of each anti-roll thrust float (2,3) according to ellipsoids of revolution, is an optimal condition to be able to take full advantage of the propulsive power, since it is proven that the greater the relationship between the major axis and the minor axis of the elliptical generator of the float, or what is the same, the longer the float is, the greater the speed that the boat can develop. It is known that the sphere that has the smallest surface area for a given volume is a sphere. This is the case of a bubble. To know what form a bubble that is subjected to a field of external and uniform forces would adopt, we make an analogy between a bubble and an electronic cloud of a hydrogen atom. When this cloud is subjected to a field of forces such that it can deform it according to a direction, for example a uniform external electric field, said cloud will deform, forming an induced electric dipole. The shape adopted by this cloud in space is an ellipsoid of revolution. Independently of the above, when a body moves in a fluid, it produces in it a disturbance that is undulatory. If we take a particle and submit it to the first harmonic of that disturbance, we verify that the equation of its trajectory obeys a sinusoidal or cosineidal form. When describing the previous particle a semiperiod, the points reached in their corresponding trajectory, for example to the sinusoidal form, coincide one by one with the points given by the equation of a half-ellipse. If instead of taking a particle we choose a set of them, so that the plane that contains them is normal to the direction of the field forces, and the center of symmetry of this set coincides with the intersection of said plane with the direction of the trajectory, we will obtain in the space the equation of an ellipsoid of revolution. According to the previous considerations, and independently of one another, we conclude for our particular case, that the optimal form of a body that has a certain volume, that moves in the water at a uniform speed and that produces minimal disturbance It is an ellipsoid of revolution. On the other hand, if we cut the ellipsoid of revolution with a horizontal plane, such that it contains the main axis of the ellipsoid, we observe that the fluid drains not only from the lower part, but also from almost the entire upper part. This means that there is fluid circulation through almost the entire body.

In order to provide the boat with an adequate drizzling moment, it is that the anti-roll floats (2,3) are not all ellipsoids of revolution, as would be the floats indicated on the boat of the Argentine patent 213,661. If we cut the anti-roll float (2,3) according to a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of it, it will have the shapes shown in figure 3, and cutting it in any horizontal plane we will find an elliptical shape, having to understand such term as forms similar or similar to an ellipse and not exclusively a geometric ellipse, which preferably will maintain the ratio of radii, the same in its push section and in its anti-roll section. When the boat is heeled (figures 5 and 6), it changes the flotation plane and increases the area of it, and consequently its moment of inertia that opposes the roll. In the same way it increases the submerged volume as much as V such that this extra volume produces a thrust at a distance L from the center of the vessel, generating a moment opposite to the movement. The exact shape and dimensions of the non-submerged section (2) of the anti-roll thrust float (2, 3) will depend on the anti-roll characteristics required by the vessel, which may be of sudden or slow response, and the horizontal section to the longitudinal axis of the volume not submerged (3) will be ovoid or ellipsoidal. With said conformation of the floats and conveniently choosing the measurements of the axes of the generating ellipses thereof, it is possible to reduce the resistance to advancement and the unitary movements. Indeed, if the major semi-axis of the aforementioned generating ellipse and "r" are designated to the semi-axis of the same ellipse, the ratio R / r will in each case determine a value at which a speed corresponds for which said resistance to the advance and undoso movement, they are minimum. Given a certain volume "T" of sustentation, there will be infinite relations between "R" and "r", and to each one of them will correspond an optimal speed "V". If the quotient R / r is increased, "V" will also increase. Therefore, by keeping "T" constant, you can increase "V" by simply enlarging "R." with respect to "r" for the same number of floats; or given a certain "R" determined by the length or length of the boat, it will be possible to increase the optimum speed if the number of floats for the same volume is increased. By making the floats longer or if their number is increased, their outer surface will also increase, which will cause greater friction with the water, and consequently, a decrease in speed. Always with reference to constant motive power, the speed will reach a maximum value for each volume "T" and then decay when the surface increases. This maximum speed will allow determining the number and dimensioning of the floats for a volume "T" that will support a certain weight, for which the required motive power will be minimal. Therefore, it is possible that, once the load and speed are set, a boat according to this invention needs, with respect to any other, lower power for said load at that speed. The design of the anti-roll thrust float (2,3) allows to design it without the limitations of a conventional helmet or the solutions discussed when talking about the known antecedents; in this way it manages to minimize the undoso movement generated by the part of the float in contact with the air - water surface, provide the necessary driling moment and offer lateral resistance to achieve a better maneuverability of the vessel. The floats may be completely hollow and / or compartmentalized to achieve watertight sections, with consequent advantages in case of accidents or breakage. Said compartments may be formed by means of transverse stops. They can be compartmented to store fuel, loads, etc., as well as locate the propulsion engines. They can carry propellers, directional rudders, rolidc stabilizers, etc. Another important conception of the anti-roll thrust float (2,3) is to provide them with stops that minimize resistance. Therefore, the parantes of the non-external floats may be of elongated shape, or a succession of curves with an elliptical shape, but their side walls shall be separated at an angle less than that of the extreme floats, or at a very smooth angle. In this way a new conception of the anti-roll float divides it into two sections: the inner anti-roll section and the extreme anti-roll section. It is also convenient to add terminations to any of these sections that do not correspond exactly to an ellipse, but can be tips, Furmann prows, and any other hydrodynamic or aerodynamic design, which can be used to decrease the resistance to advance. Another important consideration is that the floats will be semi-submerged, and the submerged volume will be within 80 to 100% of the total float. In this way, stability is gained, the increase in resistance to progress being small. This leads to preferentially aligning the floats in their push section so that the total submerged volume is in the same range as each push section unit. Bearing in mind that the floats must be at least two, it is possible to realize embodiments within this invention where said amount is greater, which will preferably include floats symmetrically distributed in a same horizontal plane with respect to a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the ship, to balance the thrusts. Always the contact surface with the water will be defined by the sum of the outer areas of the submerged volume portions of all the floats (2). Directional resources, usually rudders, will preferably be located on the back of the floats, and if there are more than two floats, it will be enough for those rudders to be placed behind the two external floats. In the event that the aforementioned vessel must face such a storm, that the anti-roll media is not sufficient, its hull will be in the form of a conventional hull, and means will be provided to bring the waterline to the height of the hull. Said means may be, among others, means that allow the filling of the floats with water, the increase of the load of the vessel, elevators of the floats, etc. In order to specify the advantages thus briefly commented, to which the users and experts in the specialty may add many more, and to facilitate the understanding of the constructive, constitutive and functional characteristics of the invented vessel, they are described below some embodiments, which are illustrated schematically and without a specific scale in the attached sheets, with the express clarification that, precisely because they are examples, it is not appropriate to assign to them a limiting or exclusive nature of the scope of protection of the present patent of invention, but simply a purely illustrative or explanatory intention of the basic conception on which it is founded. Figure 1 is a front view of the vessel. Figure 2 is a side view, schematic and in elevation, of the same vessel of the previous figure. Figures 3 and 4 correspond to a longitudinal and a transverse cut of a generic anti-roll thrust float, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figures 5 and 6 show the effect of the floats when tipping the boat, how the flotation area of the float varies and the submerged volume. In all the figures, to the same reference numbers correspond the same or equivalent parts or constituent elements of the assemblies, according to the examples chosen for the present explanation of the invented vessel. As you can see in figure 1, the illustrated ship comprises a top assembly corresponding to the hull (1) and at least two floats (2) that are linked to the hull by means of antiroll (3) consisting of elongated cores with an inverted truncated cone shape, whose upper base is solidary to the lower part of the hull (1) and whose lower base is integral with the upper part of the float (2), preferably forming a single element (2,3). The front (7) and rear (6) ends of said anti-roll means (3) have a tapered termination defining leading edges (8 and 9) of hydrodynamic profile for the best displacement in the water. The sum of the float volumes is such that it allows the hull (1) and its load to be held above the surface of the water. In figures 3 and 4, it represents the two sections, one longitudinal and the other transversal, of an anti-roll float (2,3) which is constituted by a lower revolution (2) with an upper longitudinal opening (a - a) from whose opposite ends project two walls 12 and 13 upwards and diverging from each other, which at their upper ends have respective horizontal sections (10 and 11) that converge with each other in the same plane, and form the airtight seal of the aforementioned cuefo. The horizontal sections (10 and 11) serve to fix them to the hull (1) and, in addition, the conformation of the truncated cone-shaped cross-section, they constitute the element that acts as an anti-coil medium. In carrying out the boat described and exemplified, modifications and / or improvements may be introduced, all of which must be considered as simple variants of realization, included within the scope of protection of this invention patent, its scope which is determined, fundamentally, by the text of the claim clauses that follow below.

Claims (13)

1. A vessel whose hull or usable volume is outside the water and is provided with flotation means linked to said hull, in addition to the patent application No. P97 01 06938, characterized in that said flotation means are at least two floating bodies elongate, arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the assembly, said floats comprising anti-roll means in the upper part of the flotation means.

2. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-roll means form an elongated shaped core, the larger base of which is fixed to the hull of the vessel and its smaller base to the flotation means.

3. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-roll means form an inverted truncated cone-shaped core, the larger base of which is fixed to the hull of the vessel and its smaller base to the flotation means.

4. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-odor means constitute the means of linking the floats and the hull.

5. A boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the anti-roll means form an aerodynamic edge for the displacement of the water.

6. A boat according to claim 2, characterized in that when cutting the float with a horizontal plane, an area of elliptical shape is defined.

7. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the submerged volume of the float is between 80% and 100%) of its total volume.

8. A vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that the ratio of radii between the ellipsoids of revolution of the thrust section of the float and the elliptical shapes of the anti-fluid section is the same.

9. A boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the thrust section of the anti-roll floats form a hydrodynamic edge for water displacement.

10. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the floats contain watertight compartments.

11. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes means that modify the waterline to the hull of the vessel.

12. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes stabilizing means in the anti-roll floats.

13. A vessel according to claim 1, characterized by including means capable of filling and emptying of liquid to the floats.