MXPA98003037A

MXPA98003037A - Switched alternate polar reluctance engine

Info

Publication number: MXPA98003037A
Application number: MXPA/A/1998/003037A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Wayne A Pengov
Original assignee: Tridelta Industries Inc
Priority date: 1995-10-19
Filing date: 1998-04-17
Publication date: 1999-01-15

Abstract

The present invention relates to a switched reluctance machine (10) includes a first element (12) having a plurality of uniform poles (18A, 18B, 18C, ...) and a second element (12) having a first pole (22A, 22C) and a second pole (22B, 22D), the first pole has a wide face and the second pole has a narrow face. The first and second elements are arranged or arranged for relative movement with each other such that the wide and narrow poles can move in a separate relationship with respect to the plurality of poles uniform

Description

SWITCHED SWITCH MOTOR ALTERNATED POLES FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electronically commutated reluctance machines and, more particularly, to continuous rotation motors operated by polyphase power sources.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Switched reluctance motors are well known in the art. These engines have a stationary member, usually called a stator and a mobile member, usually called a rotor. The rotor and the stator are oriented in such a way that they move with respect to each other. A typical stator includes a yoke that supports a plurality of magnetically permeable poles circumferentially separated and, between them, there are gaps or gaps. A typical rotor includes a magnetically permeable body comprised of laminations of magnetically permeable steel that form two or more circumferentially spaced poles and, between them, have separations. The rotor is arranged or located with respect to the stator in such a way that their respective poles pass closely adjacently, when the rotor moves with respect to the stator, that is, the poles of the rotor move in a separate relationship to the poles of the rotor. stator The motor has phase windings at the poles of the stator but not at the poles of the rotor. The switched reluctance motors depend on the polyphase electronic commutation to excite these phase windings in the proper sequence to cause the movement of the rotor with respect to the stator. Specifically, the excitation of the phase windings produces in the stator a pair of poles having a north pole and a south pole. These phase windings create a magnetic flux path that passes through the pairs of polarized poles, the rotor and the stator yoke, that is, a magnetic circuit. In response to the flow passing through it, the rotor moves to bring a pair of rotor poles to a position of minimum reluctance with respect to the polarized pair of stator poles. This minimum reluctance position corresponds to the maximum inductance of the energized phase winding. A common feature of two-phase SR motors is that the rotor is normally configured to optimize rotation in one direction. The advantages of switched reluctance motors (hereinafter, "SR" motors) are that they are efficient in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical work, which are reliable due to their simplicity or mechanical simplicity since they are capable of important speeds of rotation, that is, 100,000 RPM. Additionally, SR engines are economical to produce, robust and rugged and do not require brushes or slip rings. There are several common SR engine configurations and electronic commutation combinations to meet certain end-use requirements. Some combinations of polyphase and stator / rotor source include, without limitation, an 8/4 two-phase motor; a 6/4 three-phase engine; an engine of 8/6 of four phases and a motor 10/8 of five phases. One reason to increase the number of stator and rotor poles and to have a higher number of phases is to increase the number of electronic phase commutations per revolution, thus minimizing the declines in torque or fluctuations in the moment of torsion between the phases. The torque of an SR motor is related to the change in the inductance (dL) of the energized phase windings as a function of the position of the rotor. The inductance in an SR motor decreases or increases as the poles of the rotor move towards or out of alignment with the poles associated with the stator windings energized, that is, as the rotor-stator system moves to a position or outside of a minimum reluctance position. In other words, a torque occurs when there is a change in inductance as a function of the angular position, that is, dL / d?; the moment of positive torsion will occur when the inductance of an energized phase increases and the negative torque will occur when the inductance of an energized phase decreases. A problem with the two-phase SR motors of the prior art is that at certain angular positions of the rotor with respect to the stator, the torque experienced by the rotor is zero or a very small percentage of the maximum torque. This position of low torque or zero torque causes the poles of the rotor and stator to be placed with respect to each other in such a way that an insufficient flow of a pair of poles of the energized stator passes through a pair of rotor poles to cause relative movement between them. Attempts to overcome this problem include modifying the geometries of the rotor poles, such that the portions of the rotor pole are in sufficient flow communication with an energized pole of the stator to impart a torque to the rotor. One of these geometries includes a stepped pitched rotor, wherein a first portion of the face of a pole of the rotor that enters into flow communication with the energized pole of the stator forms a gap with the face of the stator pole having a first space of separation. The second portion of the face of the rotor pole that enters into flow communication with the face of the stator pole forms a second gap that is narrower than the first gap; the transition between the first separation space and the second separation space is a step or step. Another geometry includes a snail cam design wherein the face of the rotor pole is narrowed or narrowed, such that the gap or space between the rotor and the stator becomes progressively smaller as the rotor rotates to a position of minimal reluctance with respect to the stator. For these pole geometries, the faces of the rotor poles are widened in such a way that the first portion of the rotor pole extends towards an adjacent de-energized stator pole when the second portion of the rotor pole is in a position of minimum reluctance. with a stator pole energized. These various geometries of the rotor pole eliminate zero torsional positions in a two-phase motor, however, these rotor geometries are unable to produce a consistent torque during the entire rotation of the rotor. This inconsistent torsional torque or fluctuation in the torque produced by the two phase SR engines of the prior art is unacceptable for certain applications, such as washing machines, fluid pumps, traction motors, position servos and the like, where a significant torque may be required at any position of the rotor with respect to the stator. An attempt to overcome fluctuations in torque in SR motors includes increasing the number of switching phases to 3 or more. It is well known that the fluctuation in the torque usually decreases with an increase in the number of phases of the engine. Specifically, 3-phase motors generally have less fluctuations in torque than 2-phase motors, 4-phase motors have less fluctuation in torque than 3-phase motors, etc. The decrease in the fluctuation of the torque with the increase in the phases results from the dL / d? of a phase is different from zero before the dL / d? of an immediately preceding phase becomes zero. In this way, when increasing the number of phases to 3 or more, it produces a dL / d? of overlap or closely adjacent in such a way that the rotor undergoes a torque from the energization of a phase before the termination of the torque from the energization of another phase. This continuity at the moment of torsion or overlap of the torque between phases of an SR engine results in a more continuous torque that has less fluctuations in the torque. However, problems with SR motors that have 3 or more phases, are the increase in the number of components for the switching electronics and, consequently, the cost thereof; the increase in the number of connections between the switching electronics and the phase windings; the increase in resolution of the position detectors required to resolve the rotor position for electronic commutation and, more acoustic noise above the SR 2 phase motors. It is the object of the present invention to provide a new and improved SR engine that overcomes or solves the aforementioned problems as well as other problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a switched reluctance motor having a stator comprised of a plurality of stator poles and a rotor comprised of a first pole that 52/49 has a pole face of a first size and of a second pole having a pole face of a second size. The rotor and the stator are arranged with respect to each other, in such a way that the poles of the rotor can move in a separate relationship with respect to the poles of the stator. According to another aspect of the invention, the face of each pole of the stator passes through a first angle and the face of a first pole of the rotor passes through a second angle, wherein the second angle is about twice the first angle of such shape that, at the circumference of the rotor, the face of the first pole of the rotor is approximately twice as wide as the face of the second pole. The face of a second pole of the rotor passes approximately the same angle as the face of each pole of the stator, such that the face of the second pole of the rotor has approximately the same width as the poles of the stator. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an electric machine energized by a polyphase source is provided. The machine has a first member of magnetically permeable material having a plurality of poles and a second member of magnetically permeable material having a first pole of a first geometry and a second pole of a second geometry. The machine includes a means for mounting the second member for relative movement with the first member, such that the poles of the respective first and second members can move in a separate relationship. According to another aspect of the invention, the faces of the poles of the first member in opposition to the faces of the poles of the second member form between them a substantially constant gap or gap. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a switched reluctance motor is provided. The switched reluctance motor includes a two-phase source of electrical power, a stator having a yoke and a plurality of poles located uniformly around the yoke and a rotor having an even number of poles located non-uniformly around it and mounted to its rotation about a longitudinal axis and with respect to the stator. One of the poles of the rotor has a pole face of a first size and another of the poles of the rotor has a pole face of a second size. According to another aspect of the invention, an angle between a first pole of the rotor and a pole adjacent thereto, in a first direction, is a first angle and an angle between the first pole and a pole adjacent thereto, in a second direction, it's a second angle.

In accordance with a more limited aspect of the invention, the rotor has four poles and the first angle is greater than 90 degrees and the second angle is less than 90 degrees. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an SR engine is provided. The motor includes a stator having a plurality of magnetically permeable poles arranged circumferentially and spaced apart uniformly. Each pole has a face that goes through a first angle. The motor also has a rotor with an even number of magnetically permeable poles disposed non-uniformly about a longitudinal axis. The poles of the rotor include a pole having a narrow face passing through a first angle and a pole having a wide face passing through a second angle approximately twice the first angle. The rotor is arranged or located for rotation about its longitudinal axis and with respect to the stator, in such a way that the poles of the rotor can move in a separate relationship with respect to the stator poles. In accordance with a more limited aspect of the invention, the SR rotor includes a plurality of windings associated with the stator poles for connection to a polyphase source. The energization of the polyphase source causes the windings to energize at least one pair of stator poles to form magnetic poles imparting a torque to the rotor poles. During the operation, the energization of each phase causes a torque to be imparted to the rotor, where during the first part of the energizing phase, a torque is imparted substantially to the wide-face pole and, during a second part of the energization phase, a torque is imparted substantially on the narrow face pole. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating an engine with a polyphase source. The motor is comprised of a first element having a plurality of uniformly spaced poles circumferentially arranged or arranged in a regular pattern and a second element having an even number of poles spaced non-uniformly and circumferentially arranged in a regular pattern around of a longitudinal axis. The second element includes a first pole having a wide pole face and a second pole having a narrow pole face. The first and second elements are arranged in such a way that the respective poles form a gap or gap between them. The method comprises energizing a first phase of the polyphase source by applying a torque to the wide-face pole in this way. With the first When the phase is energized, the torque imparted to the wide-face pole ends and a torque is imparted to the narrow-face pole. In accordance with a more limited aspect of the method, the first phase of the polyphase source is de-energized and a second phase of the polyphase source is energized, thereby applying a torque to the wide-face pole. With the second phase energized, the torque imparted to the pair of wide-face poles ends and a torque is imparted to the narrow-face pole. In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, a method for operating a generator is provided. The generator is comprised of a first element having a plurality of poles uniformly spaced and arranged in a regular pattern and a second element having an even number of poles spaced non-uniformly and arranged in a regular pattern. The second element includes a first pole having a wide pole face and a second pole having a narrow pole face. The first and second elements are arranged or located with respect to each other in such a way that the faces of the poles of the first element are movable in a separate relationship with the faces of the poles of the second element. The method comprises mechanically driving the 52/49 elements first and second ones with respect to each other.

With the poles of the first and second elements generally in alignment, a phase winding associated with at least one of the aligned poles is energized. The phase winding is disconnected from the phase driver and is connected to an energy storage means for supplying electrical energy produced by the movement of the first and second elements with respect to each other. An advantage of the present invention is the improved torsional moment experienced by the rotor in all positions of the rotor with respect to the stator. Another advantage of the present invention are the improved torque characteristics of a 2-phase SR engine having a two-phase SR engine applicable to applications that so far require an SR engine having 3 or more phases. Another advantage of the present invention are the small fluctuations in the torque. Another advantage of the present invention is the improved output of electrical power over the generators of the prior art. Additional advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art with reading and understanding of the following 52/49 detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a sectional view of an 8/4 switched reluctance motor in accordance with the present invention. Figure 2 is the motor of Figure 1 with associated control and operational circuitry connected thereto and showing the rotor advancing 15 mechanical degrees with respect to the motor of Figure 1. Figures 3-4 are isolated views of the rotor and the stator of Figure 1, which show the rotor advancing in 30 and 45 mechanical degrees respectively with respect to the motor of Figure 1. Figures 5 (a) -5 (f) are isolated views of the rotor and the stator of Figure 1 showing the advance or mechanical progress of the motor in a counterclockwise direction or CC direction with respect to the stator in response to the generation of pairs of north and south poles by excitation of the phase windings A and phase B, withdrawn for illustrative purposes. Figures 6 (a) -6 (f) are flow charts corresponding to the phase energization and to the rotor and stator positions of Figures 5 (a) - 52/49 5 (f) • Figure 7 (a) is an ideal exemplary inductance profile of the phase A and phase B windings of the stator of Figure 1 with respect to the progress or mechanical advance of the rotor in the opposite direction to clock hands with respect to the stator. Figure 7 (b) is an ideal energizing profile of the phase A and phase B windings of Figure 1 of the inductance profile of Figure 7 (a). Figure 8 is an inductance profile of the phase A and phase B windings of the stator of Figure 1 with respect to the progress of the rotor in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the stator. Figure 9 (a) are the curves of the static torque of the phase A and phase B windings at a phase energization current of 1.5A, 2.0A, 2.5A and 3. OA for the inductance profile of Figure 8. Figure 9 (b) is an energization profile of the phase A and phase B windings of the stator for the curves of the torque static of Figure 9 (a). Figure 9 (c) are the curves of the torque that results from the combination of the torque curves of phase A and phase B of the Figure 9 (a). Figure 10 is a sectional view of an engine 52/49 of 16/8 switched reluctance in accordance with the present invention. Figure 11 (a) is a sectional view of a 4/2 switched reluctance motor in accordance with the present invention with associated control and operating circuitry connected thereto. Figures ll (b) - (c) are isolated views of the 4/2 commutated reluctance motor of Figure 11 (a) showing the rotor advancing 45 and 90 degrees, respectively, with respect to the motor of the Figure 11 (a), in response to the generation of pairs of north and south poles by the excitation of the phase A and phase B windings. Figure 12 is a linear actuator in accordance with the present invention. Figure 13 (a) -13 (e) are isolated views of a rotor and stator in accordance with a stator instrumentation of the present invention showing mechanical progress of the rotor in a clockwise direction with respect to to the stator in response to the generation of north and south pole pairs by excitation of phase A and phase B windings, removed for illustration purposes. Figure 14 is a sectional view of a switched reluctance motor-generator in accordance with the present invention with the associated control circuitry and 52/49 operative connected to it.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODE With reference to Figure 1, a sectional view of a two-phase 8/4 switched switching reluctance motor 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated. The motor has a stator 12 having a magnetically permeable member 14 located around a central bore 16 and defining a plurality of poles 18 (a) -18 (h). In the embodiment of Figure 1, the stator has an even number of poles and, while Figure 1 shows eight poles, the stator can have a different pair number of poles. The rotor 20 is arranged or located in the central borehole for rotation therein. The rotor has 4 poles 22 (a) -22 (d), however, the rotor can have a different pair number of poles. The phase windings 24, 26 are located around the phase A and phase B poles of the stator, respectively, to generate magnetic fields that extend from the poles of the stator to the central bore. The phase windings 24 and 26 are located alternately every two poles of the stator and are wound in such a way that for each pole of a polarity there is a corresponding pole of opposite polarity. In the illustrated mode, the phase poles A 18 (a) and 18 (c) are the north poles and the 52/49 phase poles A 18 (e) and 18 (g) are the south poles. Similarly, the poles of phase B 18 (f) and 18 (h) are north poles and the poles of phase B 18 (b) and 18 (d) are south poles. It will be appreciated that the polarity of the pole is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention. With reference to Figure 2 and continuing with reference to Figure 1, the phase windings A and B are connected in series to switched current sources 30 and 32, respectively, in such a way that the current flows through the windings phase only in one direction. However, it will be appreciated that the phase windings could be connected in parallel or connected in a series-parallel combination with their respective switched current sources. A position detector 36, such as a Hall effect detector, a resolver or an encoder, is connected between the rotor and the stator to determine the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. Alternatively, the self-inductance of the phase windings is used to determine the position of the stator with respect to the rotor. The position detector has an output connected to a controller 38 to report the angular position of the rotor with respect to the stator. The controller 38 is connected to the phase drivers of phase A and phase B to control the ignition of 52/49 the respective phases in accordance with the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. An optional speed control 39 connected to the controller 38 provides adjustment of the rotational speed of the rotor. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the motor 10 is a unidirectional motor in which the rotor rotates counterclockwise (CC direction) with respect to the stator. However, it will be appreciated that the engine could be designed to rotate clockwise and that the direction of rotation will not be construed as limiting the invention. With reference to Figure 3, the poles of the rotor are located non-uniformly around the circumference thereof. With reference to the longitudinal axis 40 of the rotor, the angle between the poles of the rotor 22 (a) - (b) and 22 (c) - (d) is a first angle 41 and, the angle between the poles of the rotor 22 (b) ) - (c) and 22 (a) - (d) is the second angle 42, greater than the first angle. In addition, as seen in Figure 4, the faces of the wide poles of the rotor extend a third angle 43 and the faces of the narrow poles of the rotor extend a fourth fourth angle 44; the third angle will be larger or greater than the fourth angle. In the preferred embodiment, at the circumference of the rotor, the face of the wide poles of the rotor is twice as wide as the face of the poles 52/49 straits of the rotor. In the internal circumference of the stator, the face of the stator poles have approximately the same width as the face of the narrow poles of the rotor and, the distance between adjacent poles of the stator is about the width of a stator pole. With reference to Figures 5 (a) -5 (f), the progress of the rotor in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the stator is illustrated in response to the generation of pairs of north-south poles by the excitation of the associated phase windings. In Figures 5 (a) -5 (f), the phase windings, phase A and phase B exciters, power controller / supply, speed control and position detector of the Figures have been omitted. 1 and 2 to facilitate non-stacked views of the rotor and the stator. To facilitate understanding of the moment when the phase windings omitted in Figures 5 (a) -5 (f) are energized, the poles associated with an excited phase are marked with either an "N" or an "S" to mean a north pole or a south pole, respectively. During the operation, starting from the position of the zero degree rotor in the counterclockwise direction of Figure 5 (a), the controller 38 causes the phase B 32 power source to energize the B phase windings. 52/49 in the absence of excitation of the phase A windings. This excitation produces a torque in the rotor in a counterclockwise direction that causes the rotor to align the wide poles of the rotor with the excited poles of the stator of the rotor. phase B 18 (d) and 18 (h), that is, the poles of the rotor move towards a minimum reluctance position with respect to the poles of phase B - the minimum reluctance position corresponding to the maximum inductance of the energized phase windings produce the alignment. In Figure 5 (b), at 22.5 degrees of rotor position in a counterclockwise direction, the wide poles of the rotor and adjacent poles of the energized phasestator B are in a position of minimum reluctance one with respect to the another, as a result of a constant gap or gap that is formed between them. However, the inductance of the phase B windings is increased due to the narrow poles of the rotor 22 (b) and 22 (d) moving to a position of minimum reluctance with the stator poles 18 (b) and 18 ( F). In accordance with the above, the rotor undergoes a torque due to the interaction of the narrow poles of the rotor with the energized phase B windings while experiencing little or no torque from the interaction of the wide poles of the rotor with the energized phase B windings. This In this way, the torsional moment experienced by the rotor is displaced from the wide poles of the rotor to the narrow poles of the rotor. In Figure 5 (c), in the 30-degree position of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, the rotor experiences a counter-clockwise twisting moment of the energized phase B windings, in cooperation with the increase in the inductance of the same caused by the narrow poles of the rotor that move towards a position of minimum reluctance with the stator poles of phase B 18 (b) and 18 (f). It will be appreciated that between the position of 22.5 and 45 degrees of the rotor, the gap or gap and, therefore, the reluctance between the wide poles of the rotor and the stator poles 18 (d) and 18 (h) is substantially constant and , therefore, the rotor does not experience a torque from the interaction of the energized phase B windings and the wide poles of the rotor. In Figure 5 (d), at a 45 degree position of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, the wide and narrow poles of the rotor are in a minimum reluctance position with the energized phase B stator poles 18 ( d) -18 (h) and 18 (b) -18 (f), respectively. In accordance with the above, in this position no torque is imparted to the rotor of the energization of the phase B windings. Energizing the phase windings 52/49 A to the 45 degree position of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, however, causes the flow to flow from the phase poles A 18 (a) and 18 (e), through the wide poles of the rotor. In response to the flow flowing through them, the rotor experiences a counter-clockwise twisting moment which causes the rotor to align the wide poles with the poles of the excited phase A windings. As the rotor moves beyond the 45 degree position of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, the energized phase B windings experience, however, a decrease in inductance due to an increase in reluctance between the poles of the stator of the B phase windings and the rotor poles. To avoid causing the rotor to undergo a clockwise (negative) torque from the energization of the B-phase windings in cooperation with the decreasing inductance thereof, the B-phase windings are de-energized. In this way, the torque experienced by the rotor is shifted from the windings of phase B to the windings of phase A. In Figure 5 (e), at 67.5 degrees of rotation CC of the rotor, the wide poles of the rotor and energized phase A pole stator poles 18 (a) and 18 (e), are in a position of minimum reluctance, so that torque is not imparted to the rotor coming from their interaction. However, the inductance of the energized phase A windings increases because the narrow poles of the rotor enter into flow communication with energized phase A pole poles 18 (c) and 18 (g). In this way, the torque imparted to the rotor of the energized phase windings is shifted from the wide poles of the rotor to the narrow poles of the rotor. In Figure 5 (f), at 90 degrees of rotation of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, the wide and narrow poles of the rotor are in a minimum reluctance alignment with the stator poles 18 (a) -18 (e) and 18 (c) -18 (g), respectively. In accordance with the above, the rotor does not experience any torque from the interaction of the wide poles of the rotor with the windings of phase A. However, the energization of the windings of phase B causes a flow to flow from the poles of phase B 18 (b) and 18 (f) through the wide poles of the rotor. In response to the energization of the B-phase windings, the rotor experiences a torque counterclockwise which causes the rotor to align the wide poles with the excited phase B windings. To avoid causing the rotor to experience a torque C (negative) coming from the energization of the phase A windings in cooperation with the decreasing inductance thereof, the phase A windings are de-energized. With reference to Figures 6 (a) -6 (f), magnetic flux plots corresponding to the positions of the rotor and to the phase energies of Figures 5 (a) -5 (f) are illustrated. In Figures 6 (a) - (b), between the position of 0 and 22.5 degrees of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction a greater amount of flow flows through the wide poles of the rotor than through the poles straits of the rotor. Referring to Figures 6 (b) - (c), between the 22.5 and 30 degrees position of the rotor in the counterclockwise direction, the amount of flow that passes through the narrow poles of the rotor increases as the narrow poles of the rotor move towards a position of minimum reluctance with the stator poles 18 (b) and 18 (f). With reference to Figure 6 (d), at the 45 degree position of the rotor, the phase B windings are de-energized and the phase A windings are energized, so that the flow flowing through the rotor is displaced from the phase B windings to the phase A windings. With reference to Figures 6 (d) - (e), the flux produced by the energization of the phase A windings between the 45 and 67.5 degrees position of the rotor it passes initially through the wide poles of the rotor and increases through the narrow poles of the rotor as the narrow poles move towards a position of minimum reluctance with the stator poles 18 (c) and 18 (g). With reference to Figure 6 (f), at the 90 degree position of the rotor, the phase A windings are de-energized and the B phase windings are energized. In the foregoing description, the rotor advances through 90 mechanical degrees by energizing and selective de-energizing the phase A and phase B windings with respect to the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. However, it will be appreciated that the foregoing description may extend to the movement of the rotor beyond the mechanical 90 degrees. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the increase or decrease in the inductance of a phase winding corresponds to the respective decrease or increase in the reluctance of the magnetic flux path associated with the phase winding. The present invention produces in the phase A and phase B windings a change in inductance with the angular position (dL / d?) Having a slope that increases at a first rate and decreases at a second rate or speed. Specifically, with reference to Figures 7 (a) - (b) and continuing with the reference to Figures 5 (a) - (f), an ideal exemplary inductance profile for inductance change of the phase windings is illustrated. B 50 and the phase A windings 52 as 52/49 a function of the position of the rotor in a counter-clockwise direction and in relation to the ideal energization of the phase A and phase B windings. It will be appreciated that Figures 7 (a) - (b), they are for the purpose of illustration and will not be construed as limiting the invention. In the 0 degree position of the rotor, the phase B windings are energized in the absence of the energization of the phase A windings. In response, the rotor experiences a torque in the counterclockwise direction that pushes the combination of rotor and stator to a position of minimum reluctance, maximum inductance. Concurrently with the increase in inductance of the phase B windings, the inductance of the phase A windings decreases. As illustrated in Figure 7 (a), the inductance of each phase of the novel pole configuration decreases more quickly to increase. This allows the advantageous overlap of the inductance increase of the phase A and phase B windings. Specifically, at the 37 degree rotor position, the inductance of the phase A windings makes a transition from decrease to increase and the windings of Phase A are energized. Between the position at 37 degrees and at 45 degrees of the rotor, both phase windings are energized and the inductance of both phase windings is increased. In accordance with the above, the rotor experiences a 52/49 torsion torque of both phase A and phase B windings. At 45 degrees of rotation and, with the energized phase A windings, the inductance of phase B makes a transition from increase to decrease and phase windings B are de-energized. In this way, the rotor experiences a positive torque, counterclockwise, coming from the energization of the phase A windings in cooperation with the increase in the inductance of the same while avoiding a moment of negative torsion, clockwise, coming from the energization of the B phase windings in cooperation with the decrease in the inductance of the same. At 82 degrees of rotation, the inductance of the phase B windings makes a transition from decrease to increase and the B phase windings are energized. Between 82 and 90 degrees of rotation, the increase in the inductance of the phase A and phase B windings in cooperation with their energization imparts a torque to the rotor. At 90 degrees of rotation, the inductance of the phase A windings makes a transition from increase to decrease and the phase A windings are de-energized, in such a way that a torque is imparted to the rotor exclusively from the increase in inductance of the rotor. Phase B in cooperation with its energization. At 127 degrees In this case, the phase A inductance makes a transition from decrease or decrease to increase and the phase A windings are energized. In accordance with the above, between the rotor position of 127 and 135 degrees, the phase A windings and the B phase windings impart a torque to the rotor. At a rotation of 135 degrees, the inductance of the phase B windings makes a transition from increase to decrease and the phase B windings are de-energized, in such a way that the torque imparted to the rotor comes exclusively from the increase in inductance of the Phase A in cooperation with the energized of it. From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the present invention produces in the phase A and phase B windings a change in inductance as a function of the position of the rotor, wherein the inductance of the phase winding increases at a different rate in which decreases the inductance of it. Specifically, the increase in inductance of each phase extends beyond a greater angular position than the decrease in the inductance of the same. By way of example and not in a limiting manner, with reference to Figure 7 (a), the inductance of phase B decreases between 45 and 82 degrees of rotor position, ie, over the 37 mechanical degrees and increases between the position of 82 and 135 degrees of the rotor, ie on 52/49 53 mechanical degrees. Similarly, the phase A inductance increases between 37 and 90 degrees of rotation, that is, over 53 mechanical degrees and decreases between 90 and 127 degrees of rotation, that is, over 37 mechanical degrees. The different slopes of increasing and decreasing the inductance of the phase A and phase B windings allow the advantageous overlapping thereof as illustrated in Figure 7 (a) and described above. This overlap of the inductance increase in cooperation with the selective energization of the phase A and phase B windings provides that the torque is imparted to the rotor in all positions of the rotor with respect to the stator. With reference to Figure 8 and continuing with reference to Figures 7 (a) - (b), an inductance profile of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 5 (a) - (f) is illustrated. In contrast to the ideal inductance profile of Figures 7 (a) - (b), the inductance profile of Figure 8 illustrates that the transition between the increase and decrease of inductance of the phase A and phase B windings occurs or occurs gradually as the rotor poles move towards alignment and out of alignment with the stator poles. Because the positive torque, counterclockwise, on the rotor is a function of the 52/49 inductance increase of an energized phase winding, it is desirable to coordinate the energization of the phase windings with the position of the rotor to ensure that the phase windings are experiencing an increase in inductance when energized. Thus, by way of example and not in limitation, with reference to Figure 8, at the 0 degree rotor position, the phase B windings are energized and the phase A windings are de-energized. Between the position of 40 and 44 degrees of the rotor, the windings of phase A are energized and the windings of phase B are de-energized in such a way that there is a minimum fluctuation of the torque that will be experienced by the rotor according to the moment of torsion imparted the rotor effects a transition from phase B windings to phase A windings. Similarly, between 85 and 89 degrees of rotor position, phase A windings are de-energized and phase B windings are energized in such a way which results in a minimum fluctuation of the torque that will be experienced by the rotor. However, it will be appreciated that the inductance of the respective phases prevent energization and instantaneous de-energization thereof. In accordance with the above, during practice, the energization and de-energization of the respective phases is synchronized so that it occurs in such a 52/49 so that the torque experienced by the rotor is optimal. Thus, by way of example and not limitation, at approximately 40 degrees of rotor rotation, the B phase windings are de-energized in such a way that the energy stored therein dissipates before the B phase windings experience a decrease in inductance thus imparting a negative torsion torque of the rotor, in a clockwise direction. Similarly, at approximately 40 degrees of rotor rotation, the phase windings A are energized thereby imparting a positive torque, counterclockwise, on the rotor. Due to the advantageous overlap of the inductance increase of the phase A and phase B windings, the energization of the respective windings can be synchronized or temporized to optimize the torque experienced by the rotor. Under ideal conditions, the rotor experiences a relatively constant torque with the position of the rotor. However, in practice the rotor undergoes some decline at the moment of torsion as the torque imparted thereto effects a transition between the respective phase windings. It is believed that the width of the rotor poles affect the inductance profile of Figure 8. 52/49 Specifically, with reference to Figure 4, the face of the narrow poles 22 (b) and 22 (d), is approximately the same width as the face of the stator poles, while the face of the wide poles of the rotor 22 (a) and 22 (c), it is illustrated that they are of approximately the same width as the combined width of the face of a pole of the stator and of an adjacent space, for example, the stator pole 22 ( a) and space 52. This arrangement advantageously provides the aforementioned overlap to increase the inductance of the phase windings. However, it is believed that the overlap of the inductance profiles of phase A and phase B are adjustable by changing the width of the rotor poles. For example, narrowing the narrow and narrow poles of the rotor results in an inductance profile where there is little or no overlap in the increase in inductance as the torque on the rotor makes a transition between the poles rotor widths and narrow rotor poles. Similarly, the widening of the wide and narrow poles of the rotor increases the overlap of the increase in inductance of the respective phase A and phase B windings. However, it is believed that the widening or narrowing of the rotor poles width in the form excessive will result in an undesirable decline at the time of twisting. In addition, the 52/49 widening of one of the wide or narrow poles of the rotor and the narrowing of the other poles of the rotor will result in variations in the overlap of inductance increase. Similarly, it is also believed that modifying the width of the stator poles also affects the overlap of the phase A and phase B inductance profiles. With reference to Figures 9 (a) - (b), the Torque curves for the modality shown in Figures 5 (a) -5 (f), are illustrated at different energizations of the phase winding, ie 1.5A, 2. OA, 2.5A and 3. OA in relation to the phase energization profile of the same. These torque curves illustrate the torque imparted to the rotor from the energization of the respective phase windings and the advantageous overlap thereof. It will be appreciated that the torque experienced by the rotor is the sum of the torque produced by the energization of the respective phase A and phase B windings. Thus, as shown in Figure 9 (c), when phases A and B are both energized, for example, between 40 and 45 degrees of rotor position, the torque experienced by the rotor is the sum of the torque imparted to the rotor coming from the energization of the respective windings of phase A and of 52/49 phase B. The torque curves in Figure 9 (a) illustrate that the narrow poles of the rotor that enter into flow communication with the energized phase windings produce a greater fluctuation of the torque at higher currents phase energization, for example, 2.5A and 3. OA and, less fluctuation at the moment of torsion at lower phase energization currents, for example, 2. OA and 1.5A. Specifically, with reference to the torque curve of 3. OA of Figure 9 (a), between the position of the rotor of 15 and 22.5 degrees, the increase in inductance of the energized phase B windings, coming from the poles rotor widths that move to a position of minimum reluctance with the stator poles, impart a torque to the rotor. However, around the rotor position of 19 degrees, the wide and narrow poles of the rotor interact with the energized phase B windings to produce a decline in the torque. It is believed that this decline in torque results from the magnetic saturation of the edge of the narrow poles that first enter fluid communication with the energized phase windings.

As the narrow poles of the rotor move towards a • greater flow communication with the energized phase windings, the distribution of the magnetic flux through them is increased avoiding in this way the 52/49 localized magnetic saturation of the narrow pole of the rotor. This increase in the distribution of the magnetic flux in the narrow pole of the rotor results in turn in that the rotor undergoes an increase in the torque as the rotor advances towards a rotor position of 22.5 degrees. Similar comments apply with respect to the torque of the rotor coming from the cooperation of the increased inductance of the excited phase A windings to the rotor position of 64 and 154 degrees, and the phase B windings excited in the rotor position of 109 degrees. It should be noted in Figure 9 (a) that the slope at the moment of torsion decreases with the decrease of the phase energization current. The energization of the phase A and phase B windings is selected to coincide with the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. In Figure 9 (b), the energization of the phase A and phase B windings is illustrated by overlapping to take advantage of the increase in inductance of the respective phase A and phase B windings as a function of rotor position. In this way, the rotor undergoes a minimum fluctuation at the moment of torsion with the rotation or rotation of the rotor. It will be appreciated, however, that the torque curves and the energization profiles of Figures 9 (a) - (b) are for illustration purposes and should not be 52/49 interpreted as limiting the invention. Specifically, the overlap of the energization of the phase A and phase B windings could be more or less, the energization of the phase A and phase B windings may not have overlap, depending, without limitation, on the inductance of the windings. the windings, the ability of the switching electronics to rapidly de-energize the phase windings, the rotation speed of the rotor and / or the desired operating characteristics of the motor. These modalities have been described with respect to a two-phase 8/4 SR engine, however, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the 8/4 mode discussed above can be extended to two-phase SR engine modes that have different rotor and stator pole numbers. One of these embodiments includes the SR engine of 16/8 illustrated in Figure 10, wherein the motor includes phase A and phase B windings arranged or located around alternating poles of the stator and connected to the phase drivers of the phase. A and phase B, a controller / power supply and an optional position detector. In Figure 10, the polarity of the phase A and phase B poles will not be construed as limiting the invention or, as an indication that the phase windings are energized. 52/49 With reference to Figure 11 (a) - (c), an SR engine mode of 4/2 is illustrated in accordance with the present invention. The motor has a stator 60 comprised of a plurality of inwardly extending poles 62 (a) -62 (d) which define a central bore 64. A rotor 66, comprised of two outwardly extending poles 68 (a) - (b) is located in the central hole for rotation in it. The phase windings 70 and 72 are located around the opposite poles of the stator (62 (b) - (d) and the opposite poles of the stator 62 (a) - (c), respectively, to generate magnetic fields extending from the stator poles to the central borehole The phase windings 70 and 72 are connected to the phase driver 30 of phase A and the phase driver 32 of phase B, respectively, so that current flows through of the phase windings in one direction A position detector 36 is connected between the rotor and the stator to determine the position of the rotor with respect to the stator The position detector has an output connected to the controller 38 to report the angular position of the rotor. rotor with respect to the stator The controller 38 is connected to the phase drivers of phase A and phase B to control the ignition of the respective phases in accordance with the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. as ll (b) - (c) 52/49 omitted the phase windings, the phase drivers, the controller / power supply, the position detector and the optional speed control of Figure 11 (a) to facilitate non-stacked views of the rotor and the stator. To facilitate understanding of the moment when the phase windings omitted from FIGS. 11 (b) - (c) are energized, the stator poles associated with an excited phase are nevertheless marked with an "N" or with an "S" "to mean a north or south pole, respectively. During operation, starting from the zero degree position of the rotor, counterclockwise, of Figure 11 (a), the controller 38 causes the phase 32 exciter of phase B to energize the windings of phase B 72 in the absence of the energization of the phase A windings. The energization of the B phase windings produces a flow that traverses, without limitation, the path 74 that passes through the north pole of energized phase B 62 (c ), of the wide pole 68 (a) of the rotor, of the pole 62 (b) of the phase stator de-energized and of the rear iron or yoke 76 that extends between the poles 62 (b) and 62 (c) of the stator. In response to the flow through the path 76, the rotor experiences a counter-clockwise twisting moment which causes the rotor to align the wide pole of the rotor with the north pole 62 (c) of energized phase B. He 52/49 advancing the rotor to the 45 degree position, counterclockwise, of Figure 11 (b), causes the flow to traverse, without limitation, the path 78 passing through the north pole 62 (c) of phase B, the poles of the rotor 68 (a) - (b), the south pole 62 (a) of phase B and the rear iron or yoke 76 between the poles 62 (a) and 62 (c) of Phase B. In the position of the 45-degree CCW rotor, the wide pole of the rotor and the north pole 62 (c) of the energized phase B are in a position of minimum reluctance one with respect to the other, due to the separation or gap 80 relatively constant formed between them. However, the inductance of the phase B winding is increased, because the narrow pole of the rotor 68 (b) moves towards a minimum reluctance position with the south pole 62 (a) of phase B. In accordance with this, the rotor experiences a counter-clockwise twisting moment from the interaction of the energized phase B windings and the narrow rotor pole while experiencing little or no torque from the wide-pole interaction of the rotor with the energized phase B windings. In this way, the torsional moment experienced by the rotor is displaced from the wide pole of the rotor to the narrow pole of the rotor. In Figure 11 (c), in the rotor position of 90 degrees in the opposite direction to 52/49 the clock hands, the wide and narrow poles of the rotor are in a position of minimum reluctance with the poles 62 (c) and 62 (a) of the energized phase B windings. In accordance with the above, in this position torque is not imparted to the rotor from the energization of the phase B windings. The energization of the phase A windings associated with the poles 62 (b) and 62 (d), however, causes the flow to pass, without limitation, the path 82 that passes through the south pole 62 (d) of the energized phase A, from the wide pole 68 (a) of the rotor, to the pole 62 (c) of the stator of phase B and to the rear iron or yoke 66 that extends between the poles 62 (c) and 62 (d) of the stator. In response to the flow through the path 82, the rotor undergoes a torque CCW which causes the rotor to align the wide pole of the rotor with the south pole 62 (d) of energized phase A. In order to prevent the rotor from experiencing a torque of clockwise (negative), coming from the energization of the B-phase windings in cooperation with the decrease in their inductance, the B-phase windings are de-energized. In this way, the torque experienced by the rotor is shifted from the windings of phase B to the windings of phase A. In the previous description of the engine SR 4/2, the rotor advances through 90 mechanical degrees during a 52/49 energization and selective de-energization of the phase A and phase B windings in relation to the position of the rotor with respect to the stator. However, it will be appreciated that the foregoing description may extend to the movement of the rotor beyond 90 mechanical degrees. Furthermore, it will also be appreciated that, because the rotor of Figures 11 (a) -11 (c) is not uniform around the desired center of rotation 40, it is necessary to add weight to the narrow pole of the rotor or remove material from the wide pole of the rotor to make the actual center of rotation coincide with the desired center of rotation. With reference to Figure 12, a unidirectional linear actuator 84 is illustrated in accordance with the present invention. It will be understood that the linear actuator of Figure 12 includes both phase A and phase B windings located around stationary poles 86, 88 and connected to phase drivers of phase A and phase B and to a controller / power supply. Energy. However, like the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the phase windings, phase drivers and the power supply / controller of Figure 12 have been omitted to provide a non-cluttered view of the linear actuator. The actuator includes a plunger 90 located for linear movement between the stationary poles 86, 88. The omitted phase windings are located around 52/49 the stationary poles, so that the poles 86 on one side of the piston are the north poles "N" while the poles 88 on the other side of the piston are the south poles "S". The phase A and phase B windings are located alternately at the adjacent stationary poles and the adjacent stationary poles are located with a spacing of a pole width. The plunger includes a pair of wide poles 92 and a pair of narrow poles 94 located on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of the plunger. The narrow poles have the same width as a stationary pole while the wide poles are twice the width of a stationary pole. Starting from the position shown in Figure 12, the plunger is pushed to the left 96 by the selective energization of the phase A and phase B windings. Specifically, as with the embodiment illustrated in Figures 5 (a) - 5 (f), the energization and de-energization of the phase A and phase B windings is coordinated in such a way that the plunger is pushed to the left to minimize the reluctance path between the poles associated with the phase windings energized and the poles of the plunger. When the plunger has reached the leftmost position, it is held therein by the continuous energization of the phase A windings. A compressible spring 98 disposed or located between the poles 52/49 narrowed and the leftmost mole 100, such that one end of the housing or support that holds the plunger and the stationary poles with respect to each other, provides the return of the plunger to the right when the windings of phase are de-energized. Alternatively, the stationary poles can be located on one side of the actuator with the phase A and phase B windings located at alternating poles and forming pairs of north-south poles and the poles of the actuator are located on one side of the actuator. The actuator is located with respect to the stationary poles in such a way that the poles of the actuator and the stationary poles can move in a relation separated from each other. Furthermore, insofar as the spring in the previous example is located or arranged for compression, it will be appreciated that the spring could also be disposed between the wide poles and a rightmost stop 102 for extension therebetween during operation. The extended spring provides the return of the plunger to the right when the phase windings are de-energized. With reference to Figures 13 (a) -13 (e), an alternate embodiment of the invention is illustrated, wherein the stationary element 110, ie, the stator, includes the novel arrangement of poles and wherein the moving element 112 , that is, the rotor, has poles uniformly displaced. 52/49 It will be understood that in Figures 13 (a) -13 (e), as with the embodiment of Figures 5 (a) -5 (f), the phase windings, the phase drivers, the controller / power supply, the position detector and the optional speed control are associated with it but have been omitted to facilitate a non-stacked view of it. To facilitate the understanding of the moment in which the omitted phase windings are energized, the poles associated with an excited phase are marked either with an "N" or with an "S" to signify the north pole or the south pole, respectively. The pole array of Figures 13 (a) -13 (e) is configured such that the rotor 112 progresses or advances in a clockwise direction (sometimes simply called the CW address) in response to Selective energization of the phase windings. From the zero-degree position of the rotor of Figure 13 (a), the phase B windings are energized and the phase A windings are de-energized. This excitation produces a torque in the clockwise direction on the rotor, which causes the alignment of the poles 114 (a) and 114 (c) of the rotor with the poles 116 (d) and 116 (h) of the rotor. phase B stator excited, that is, the rotor poles move towards a minimum reluctanic position with respect to the energized phase poles the minimum reluctance position that 52/49 corresponds to the maximum inductance of the energized phase windings producing the alignment. In Figures 13 (b), at the rotor position of 22.5 degrees clockwise, the poles 114 (a) and 114 (c) of the rotor and the wide poles 116 (d) and 116 (h) ) of the phase B stator have moved to a position of less reluctance with respect to each other. The reluctance path between the stator poles of the energized phase windings and the rotor poles, however, continues to decrease as the rotor poles continue to move toward an alignment with the energized phase stator poles. Specifically, the rotor undergoes a torque due to the interaction of the poles 114 (b) and 114 (d) of the rotor with the narrow poles 116 (b) and 116 (f) of the stator of phase B. Furthermore, in absence of the poles 114 (a) and 11 (c) of the rotor that are in a position of minimum reluctance with respect to the wide poles 116 (d) and 116 (h) of the phase B stator, the rotor also experiences from the same a torque. In this way, in the presence of the energized phase B windings, the torque imparted to the rotor is shifted from the wide poles of the stator of phase B to the narrow poles of the stator of phase B. In Figure 13 (c), in the rotor position clockwise at 45 degrees, the rotor poles are 52/49 in a position of minimum reluctance with respect to the poles of the phase B stator and, therefore, no torsion moment is imparted to the rotor coming from the energization of the phase B windings. The energization of the Phase A windings, however, cause the flow to flow from the wide poles 116 (a) and 116 (e) of the phase A stator through the poles 114 (b) and 114 (d) of the rotor. In response to the flow flowing through them the rotor experiences a clockwise twisting moment which causes the poles 114 (b) and 114 (d) of the rotor to align with the wide poles 116 ( a) and 116 (e) of the stator. It will be appreciated that, as the rotor moves beyond 45 degrees of the clockwise position of the rotor, the B-phase windings experience an increase in reluctance between the stator poles of the phase windings B and the rotor poles. To prevent the rotor from experiencing a torque opposite to the clockwise from the energization of the B-phase windings in cooperation with the increased reluctance of the same, the B-phase windings are de-energized. In this way, the torque experienced by the rotor is shifted from the windings of phase B to the windings of phase A. In Figure 13 (d), at 67.5 degrees of rotation of the rotor in the direction of 52/49 the clock hands, the poles 114 (b) and 114 (d) of the rotor and the wide poles 116 (a) and 116 (e) of the phase A stator have moved to a position of lower reluctance, with respect to the others. The reluctance path between the stator poles of the energized phase A windings and the rotor poles, however, continues to decrease as the rotor poles move towards further alignment with energized phase A pole stator poles. Specifically, the rotor undergoes a torque due to the interaction of poles 11 (a) and 114 (c) of the rotor with the narrow poles 116 (c) and 116 (g) of the phase A stator. Also, in absence of the poles 114 (b) and 114 (d) of the rotor that are in a position of minimum reluctance with respect to the poles 116 (a) and 116 (e) of the stator of phase A, the rotor also experiments from the same a twisting moment. In this way, in the presence of the energized phase A windings, the torque imparted to the rotor is shifted from the wide poles of the phase A stator to the narrow poles of the phase A stator. In Figure 13 (e), at 90 degrees of clockwise rotation of the rotor, the phase A stator poles are in a minimum reluctance alignment with the rotor poles and, therefore, the rotor does not experience a torque coming from the interaction of the wide poles of the rotor with the phase A windings. However, in this position, it will be appreciated that the poles of the rotor and the stator poles are in a position similar to the position of the rotor in the sense of the clock hands of 0 degrees of Figure 13 (a) in accordance with the above, the description set forth above for Figures 13 (a) -13 (d), is applicable thereafter to advance the rotor beyond the rotor position 9 0 degrees clockwise. In certain applications, such as in aviation, it is desirable to have an engine that also operates as a generator. Specifically, the motor is initially used to start, for example, an internal combustion engine, however, once in use, the motor drives the rotor in such a way that the motor can be used as a generator. The present invention is suitable for these applications. With reference to Figure 14, a sectional view of an engine-generator (M-G) 10 in accordance with the present invention with the associated control and operating circuitry connected thereto is illustrated. The M-G includes a series of phase A windings and phase B windings wound and connected to switches 45 and 46, respectively. The phase switch A selectively connects the phase windings A with the phase exciter A 30 or with the energy storage means 47. Similarly, the phase switch B selectively connects the phase B windings with the phase B driver 32 or with the energy storage means 47. The controller 38 is connected to the phase switches and to the phase drivers to control the operation thereof. The energy storage means stores electrical energy produced by the operation of the M-G generator in a manner known in the art. When operated as a motor, the controller 38 causes the phase switch 45 and the switch B of phase B to connect their respective phase drivers to the phase windings. The motor is then operated in the manner set forth above together with the embodiment of Fig. 5 (a) -5 (f) to rotate the rotor 20 counter clockwise. However, when used as a generator, the controller 38 causes the phase switch A and the phase switch B to alternately switch between their respective phase drivers and the energy storage means in coordination with the position of the rotor with regarding the stator. Specifically, in the form of a non-limiting example, when used as a generator, the rotor 20 is driven by an external source such as for example an internal combustion engine. With the rotor poles in a position of minimum reluctance with respect to the poles of the phase A windings, as illustrated in Figure 14, the controller 38 causes the phase driver of phase A to introduce a first current towards the phase A windings thereby inducing a magnetic field therein. Then, the controller causes the phase switch A to connect the phase A windings with the energy storage means. The external source that drives the poles of the rotor and the stator out of the position of minimum reluctance, together with the magnetic field of the windings of phase A, induces in the windings of phase A a second current that acts to maintain the magnetic field . This second current charges the energy to the storage medium 47, which in turn provides the electrical energy to a load 48, such as lights, aircraft electronics and the like. As the rotor poles are driven into alignment with the phase B stator poles, the controller coordinates the operation of the phase driver of phase B and the phase switch B as a function of the rotor positions, thereby that the phase B windings charge the electrical storage means in the same manner as the phase A windings described above. It is believed that the clockwise drive of the rotor of Figure 14, counter to the clockwise direction, produces a change in reluctance between the poles of the rotor and the stator that occurs over a greater position. angular of the rotor with respect to the stator than in the generator mode described above or in the prior art. It is believed that this reluctance change over a greater angular position provides, advantageously, current waveforms having a more uniform amplitude, longer durations with less time between current waveforms where no current is produced. The above embodiments have been described with respect to two-phase SR motors and generators, however, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is applicable to SR motors / generators having 3 or more phases, to motors that It has different numbers of stator poles and rotor poles as well as linear motors. Finally, in the modalities described above, the stationary element has been referred to as the stator and the rotary or movable element has been referred to as the rotor. However, it will be appreciated that the choice of this convention will not be construed as limiting the invention and, in the application, the rotor or movable element of the above-described embodiment could be stationary insofar as the stator of the above-described embodiment could be the rotating or mobile element. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, modifications and obvious alterations will occur to other persons with reading and understanding of the foregoing specification. It is intended that the invention be construed as inclusive of all these alterations and modifications to the full extent in which they are found or fall within the scope of the following claims or equivalents thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A switched reluctance machine comprising; a first element having a plurality of uniformly spaced poles; a second element comprising a first pole having a pole face of a first size and a second pole having a pole face of a second size; and windings for two phases wound or wound around the poles of one of the elements, in such a way that each pole is separated by a winding and an associated pole of a different phase, the first element is located with respect to the second element, in where the energization of a phase causes the first pole and the second pole to move in a separate relationship with respect to the plurality of uniform poles, the first pole of the second element is in a minimum reluctance relationship with a uniform pole of the first element , with the movement of the second pole toward the minimum reluctance ratio with another uniform pole. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 1, wherein the face of the first pole is approximately twice the width of a pole of the plurality of uniform poles and, where the face of the second pole is approximately the same width that a 52/49 pole of the plurality of uniform poles. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 2, wherein the adjacent uniform poles form a space therebetween. 4. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 3, the space between adjacent uniform poles is about the width of a pole of the uniform poles. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 1, wherein the poles of the first and second elements extend radially, the face of each uniform pole traverses a first angle and the face of the first pole traverses a second angle, the second angle is approximately twice the first angle. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 5, wherein the face of the second pole passes approximately the same angle as the face of each uniform pole. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 1, further including: a phase winding located or arranged around a pole of one of the first and second elements; a phase driver to energize the phase winding; and a controller to control the operation of the 52/49 phase exciter in coordination with the position of the first element with respect to the second element. The switched reluctance machine according to claim 7, further including: an energy storage means; and a switch operatively connected to the controller for selectively connecting to the phase winding between one of the phase driver and the energy storage means. 9. An electric machine energizable by a polyphase source, the electric machine comprises: a first member formed of magnetically permeable material having a plurality of radially spaced poles, each of the radially spaced poles having a pole face of a first size; a second member of magnetically permeable material having a radially extending first pole and a radially extending second pole, the second radially extending pole having a pole face of a second size larger than the first size; means for mounting the second member with respect to the first member, such that the pole faces of the second member move in a spaced relation with respect to the pole faces of the first member and a portion of the second pole extending radially of the 52/49 second member is aligned with a pole of the first member when the first pole extending radially from the second member is aligned with another pole of the first member. 10. The electric machine according to the claim 9, wherein the first radially extending pole has a pole face of approximately the first size. 11. The electric machine according to claim 9, wherein the pole faces of the first member in opposition to the pole faces of the second member form between them a substantially constant gap or gap. The electric machine according to claim 9, wherein the face of the second pole is approximately twice the size of the face of the first pole. 13. A switched reluctance motor comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of uniformly spaced poles disposed or located therein; a rotor mounted for rotation about a longitudinal axis and with respect to the stator poles, the rotor has an even number of poles located non-uniformly around it, one of the poles of the rotor has a pole face of the rotor of a first size and another 52/49 of the rotor poles has a rotor pole face of a second size larger than the first; windings for two phases wound around the stator poles which are separated by a winding and an associated stator pole of the opposite phase; A phase winding located around a pole of the stator and electrically connected to a phase of a source of electrical energy for energization in this way. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein an angle between a pole of the rotor and an adjacent pole of the rotor in a first direction is a first angle and an angle between the pole of the rotor and an adjacent pole of the rotor in a second direction is a second angle. 15. The switched reluctance motor according to claim 14, wherein the rotor has four poles and, wherein the first angle is greater than 90 degrees and the second angle is less than 90 degrees. 16. A switched reluctance motor comprising: a stator having a plurality of magnetically permeable stator poles spaced evenly and circumferentially about a central axis, each of the stator poles faces the axis and traverses a 52/49 first stator angle; a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator about the shaft, the rotor has an even number of magnetically permeable poles spaced non-uniformly around the shaft, the poles of the rotor include a pole having a narrow face passing through a first angle of rotor, the first rotor angle is approximately equal to the first stator and a pole has a wide face passing through a second rotor angle, at about twice the first angle of the rotor. The motor according to claim 16, further including a plurality of windings associated with the stator poles for connection to a polyphase source, such that the energization of a phase of the polyphase source forms at least one pair of magnetic poles in the stator, which imparts a torque to the rotor poles, where the energization of the phase imparts to the rotor a torque that appears substantially at the wide-face pole during a first part of the energization of the rotor. the phase and appears substantially at the narrow pole during the second part of the phase energization. 18. An electric motor driven by a polyphase source, the motor is comprised of: a first element having a plurality of 52/49 element having a plurality of uniformly spaced poles disposed circumferentially in a regular pattern and having faces of uniform size; a winding for each of the phases of the polyphase source wound around the poles of the first element; and a second element having an even number of non-uniformly spaced poles arranged circumferentially about a longitudinal axis, the second element having at least two poles having pole faces of different sizes, the first and second elements are positioned for relative movement each other in such a way that the faces of the poles of the second element can move in a separate relationship with the faces of the poles of the first element, wherein the energization of a phase of the polyphase source imparts a torque to the second element, the torque is displaced from a pole having the larger pole face towards a pole having the smaller pole face, with the movement of the second element with respect to the first element. 19. A method for operating a generator comprised of a first element having a plurality of uniformly spaced poles having faces of uniform size and a second element having an even number of poles not uniformly spaced apart, the second element being 52/49 comprised of a first pole having a wide face of pole and of a second pole having a narrow face of pole, the first and second elements are located for movement relative to one another, in such a way that the faces of the poles of the first element can move in a separate relationship with respect to the faces of the poles of the second element, the method comprising: causing the first and second elements to move with respect to each other; with the first pole of the second element in a separate relationship with a second pole of the first element, energizing a phase winding associated with one of the first and second elements, the energized phase winding will be associated with a pole located in separate relation; disconnecting the phase exciter from the phase winding; and connect the first phase to an energy storage medium. 20. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two phase source, comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of uniformly spaced poles distributed in the yoke defining a gap or gap between each pole of the stator; windings for each of the two phases of the motor wound around the poles of the stator, which 52/49 are circumferentially separated by a winding, and an associated stator pole of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator having a wide rotor pole and a narrow rotor pole, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that a first sector of the wide pole of the rotor is in alignment with a first stator pole, when the narrow pole of the rotor is aligned with a second stator pole, and a second sector of the wide pole of the rotor is in alignment with the first stator pole, when the narrow pole of the rotor is aligned with the gap or gap adjacent to the rotor. second pole of the stator. 21. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 20, wherein the second sector of the wide pole of the rotor is in alignment with a gap or gap adjacent to the first pole of the stator, when the narrow pole of the rotor is aligned with the second pole of the rotor. stator 22. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 20, wherein the first stator pole and the second stator pole have the same phase. 23. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two-phase source comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of poles, each having a stator pole face, 52/49 poles are uniformly distributed in the yoke and define between each pole a gap or gap; the windings for each of the phases of the motor, wound around the poles of the stator, are circumferentially separated by at least one winding and an associated stator pole of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for relative rotation with the stator and having a wide pole having a wide pole face and a narrow pole having a narrow pole face, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that the narrow pole face of the rotor is approximately equal to a pole face of the stator and the wide pole face of the rotor extends approximately on the pole face of a first pole of the stator and the gap or gap adjacent to the first stator, when the narrow pole face is aligned with the pole face of a second stator pole. 24. A switched reluctance motor comprised of: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of uniformly spaced stator poles distributed in the yoke, the number of poles of the stator is an integer multiple of four; a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator and having a plurality of rotor poles, the 52/49 number of rotor poles is half the number of poles of the stator, half of the rotor poles are wide poles and the other half of rotor poles are narrow poles, one narrow pole of the rotor is located on each side of a wide pole of the rotor, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that the narrow poles of the rotor have pole faces approximately equal to the pole faces of the stator poles and the wide pole of the rotor has a pole face approximately equal to the pole face of a stator pole and the gap or gap between two stator poles; and windings for two phases wound around the stator poles which are circumferentially separated by at least one winding and an associated stator pole of a different phase, a pair of adjacent stator poles are connected to have the same polarity. 25. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 24, wherein a pair of adjacent poles of the stator of the same phase are connected to have the same polarity. 26. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two phase source, comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of uniformly spaced poles distributed in the yoke and defining a gap or gap between each pole of the stator; 52/49 windings for each of the two phases of the motor wound around the stator poles that are circumferentially separated by a winding and an associated pole of the stator of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator having a wide rotor pole and a narrow rotor pole, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that the energization of a phase causes a wide pole of the rotor to interact with a first pole of the rotor. stator to induce a first torque in the rotor and to produce a predetermined first angular rotation of the rotor and, subsequently, a first narrow pole interacts with a second pole of the stator to induce a second torque in the rotor and to produce a second predetermined angular rotation in the rotor. 27. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 24, wherein the first pole of the stator and the wide pole of the rotor do not produce an opposite torque when the first narrow pole interacts with the second pole of the stator to produce the second predetermined rotation. . 28. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 26, wherein the first predetermined angular rotation of the motor causes the wide pole of the rotor to move towards a minimum reluctance position with 52/49 the first pole of the stator and, the second predetermined angular rotation causes the narrow pole of the rotor to move towards the minimum reluctance position with the second pole of the stator. 29. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two phase source, comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of poles uniformly distributed therein, each of the poles having a stator pole face; windings for each of the motor phases wound around the stator poles which are circumferentially separated by at least one winding and an associated pole of the stator of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator having a wide rotor pole with a wide pole face and a narrow rotor pole with a narrow pole face, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that the energization of one of the This phase causes a predetermined angular rotation of the rotor, in which a first portion of the angular rotation is created by a wide pole of the rotor that is introduced to a position of minimum reluctance with respect to one of the poles of the energized stator and the other portion of angular rotation is created by a narrow pole of the rotor that is 52/49 introduced to a minimum reluctance position with another of the stator poles energized. 30. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 29, wherein the overlapping faces of the rotor poles and the stator poles are generally increased uniformly during the predetermined angular rotation of the rotor. 31. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 30, wherein a narrow pole face of the rotor is approximately equal to a pole face of the stator and a wide pole face of the rotor is approximately twice the width of a face of the stator pole. 32. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 31, wherein a narrow pole face of the rotor is slightly larger than a pole face of the stator and a wide pole face of the rotor is slightly larger than twice the width of the rotor. a face stator pole. 33. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two phase source, comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of poles uniformly distributed in the yoke to define a uniform gap or gap between each pole, each of the poles it has a stator pole face; 52/49 windings for each of the motor phases wound around the stator poles which are circumferentially separated in at least one winding and an associated pole of the stator of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator, the rotor has a wide rotor pole having a wide pole face and a narrow pole of the rotor having a narrow pole face, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that a Uniform gap or gap is defined between rotor pole faces and pole faces of the stator and energization of one of the phases, where the rotor's wide pole magnetically interacts with a first pole of the stator and the narrow pole of the rotor interacts magnetically with a second pole of the stator to cause the rotor to rotate at a predetermined angular distance, wherein the overlap area of the face of the rotor's wide pole and the narrow pole face of the rotor, with respect to the faces of the poles first and second of the stator, they increase at a generally uniform rate as the rotor moves the predetermined angular amount. 34. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 33, wherein the motor has an inductance profile related to the angular rotation for each phase, wherein the inductance is increased over a first 52/49 angle of rotation and decreases over a second angle of rotation y, the first angle of rotation is substantially larger than the second. 35. A switched reluctance motor according to claim 34, wherein the first angle of rotation is approximately twice the second angle of rotation. 36. A switched reluctance motor driven by a two-phase source, comprising: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of poles uniformly distributed in the yoke, each of the poles having a stator pole face; windings for each of the phases of the motor wound around the stator poles which are circumferentially separated by at least one winding and an associated pole of the stator of a different phase; and a rotor mounted for relative rotation with respect to the stator, the rotor has a wide pole pole having a wide pole face and a narrow pole of the rotor having a narrow pole face, the rotor poles are dimensioned with respect to to the poles of the stator in such a way that the motor has an inductance-to-angular rotation profile, where the inductance of a phase increases at a first angle of rotation and decreases at a second angle of rotation and the first 52/49 angle of rotation is approximately twice the second angle of rotation. 37. A switched reluctance motor comprised of: a stator having a yoke and a plurality of uniformly spaced stator poles distributed in the yoke, the number of stator poles is an integer multiple of four; a rotor mounted for rotation with respect to the stator, which has a plurality of rotor poles, the number of poles of the rotor is half the number of poles of the stator, half of the poles of the rotor are wide poles and the other half are narrow poles, a narrow pole of the rotor is located on each side of a wide pole of the rotor, the rotor is dimensioned in such a way that the narrow poles of the rotor have pole faces approximately equal to the pole faces of the stator poles and the wide pole of the rotor has a pole face larger than the pole face of a stator pole; and windings for two phases, wound around the stator poles which are circumferentially separated by at least one winding and an associated pole of the stator of a different phase, a pair of adjacent poles of the stator are connected to have the same polarity. 52/49