MXPA97008146A - Multiplier and dismultiplier of reflexion multi - Google Patents
Multiplier and dismultiplier of reflexion multiInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA97008146A MXPA97008146A MXPA/A/1997/008146A MX9708146A MXPA97008146A MX PA97008146 A MXPA97008146 A MX PA97008146A MX 9708146 A MX9708146 A MX 9708146A MX PA97008146 A MXPA97008146 A MX PA97008146A
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- energy
- wavelength signals
- different wavelength
- partially reflecting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to optical signals according to their wavelength by means of an optical path length difference generator that couples an individual path that transmits a plurality of different wavelength signals to multiple paths, separately transmitting the different signal signals. wavelength; the optical path length generator can be formed by a reflecting stack having a plurality of partially reflective surfaces to reflect successive portions of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along optical paths of different lengths.
Description
MULTIPLIER AND MULTIPLIER OF MULTIPLE REFLECTION
TECHNICAL group
The invention relates to multipliers
(multipliers) and demultiplexers (demultiplexers) that use variations in the length of the optical path to send optical signals according to their wavelength.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Generally, the same devices can be used for multiplication (multiplexing) and demultiplication (de-multiplexing) operations. The difference is solely the result of opposite directions of light travel through the devices. Multipliers send signals of different wavelengths (also known as channels), traveling in multiple optical paths in an individual trajectory. The demultiplexers send different wavelength signals from an individual trajectory in respective multipath paths. Several techniques are used within these devices to distinguish the different wavelength signals. One such technique is to vary the optical path lengths of intermediate paths between
ias - individual and multiple trajectories to separate angularly different signals of wavelength. Vapable length waveguides are disposed in a lateral progression to relatively vary the phases of the different wavelength signals transverse to their propagation direction. In general, the path length differences are a multiple integer of a central wavelength signal, whose wavefront is not affected by the different propagation distances, - however, the remaining wavelength signals progressively tilt as a function of its wavelength. For example, the wavefront of the wavelength that differs more than the central wave length + is also the slanted wave. In the de-multiplication direction the different wavelength signals enter the intermediate paths of different length as parallel wave fronts, and leave the intermediate paths as relatively inclined wave fronts. The entry and exit are reversed through multiplication operations. An approach is used to convert the angular separation between the wave fronts into a linear separation that coincides with a lateral arrangement of the multiple paths. Each of the different wavelength signals that enter the devices exhibits a field so that it can be defined by a radiation pattern in a plane transverse to the direction of propagation. Usually, the
patron follows a Gaussian type distribution. The • intermediate paths individually transmit different sections of the mode fields of each signal; however, as a whole, the intermediate trajectories preserve the general distribution of energy in the original mode fields (that is, the maximum value of the intensities in the intermediate trajectories follows a pattern that is coupled to the energy distribution in the fields of original odo). However, said distributions are not well adapted to urgently couple the wave fronts inclined to the laterally disposed multiple paths. The different wavelength signals having inclined wavelengths are also effectively tilted to the direction of propagation, and focus on positions that deviate correspondingly from the position of the focus of a non-tilted wavefront. As a result, transmission efficiency tends to decrease with increasing levels of wavefront tilt. That is, the central wavelength signal is coupled efficiently, however, other wavelength signals exhibit higher losses, especially those remote wavelength signals of the central wavelength signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, in one or several of its different modalities, improves the coupling efficiency of the multipliers and gearboxes, controlling the energy distributions independently of the individual distributions of the field of mode of different wavelength signals. Optical path length differences are still used to angularly distinguish the different wavelength signals, but the distribution of the energy across the optical paths of different length does not mesh with the mode field distributions of the signals. Instead of dividing the mode fields into different sections and transmitting different sections, the paths of different length of the present invention can be arranged to gather successive portions of the energy along the mode fields. In other words, each of the paths of different length of the present invention includes energy extracted from a sampling of different positions in the mode field of each of the different wavelength signals. One embodiment of the novel multiplication and discultification apparatus is preferably of a type that couples an individual trajectory to transmit a plurality of different wavelength signals with trajectories
multiple to separately transmit the different wavelength signals using an optical path length difference generator having a plurality of intermediate paths of different length. However, in contrast to conventional optical path length difference generators, an ixt beam splitter within the present optical path length difference generator: (a) shifts a portion of the energy from multiple sites in the mode field of each of the different wavelength signals along one of the intermediate trajectories of different length, (b) deviates a portion of the remaining energy from multiple sites in the field of each mode of the different wavelength signals along another of the intermediate trajectories of different length, and (c) continuous by diverting successive portions of the remaining energy from multiple sites in the field of each of the different signals of wavelength along another of the intermediate trajectories of different lengths until substantially all the energy of each of the different signals of Wavelength is deviated successively along the other intermediate trajectories of different length. The intermediate paths of different lengths are arranged in a pattern to angularly separate the
different signals wavelength. A separate focusing optics can be used to couple the wavelength signals separately to the multipath paths. The amount of energy in each intermediate path is controlled by the amount of energy deviated in the intermediate path from the multiple sites in the field of mode of each wavelength signal other than from an individual site in the field of odo. This new control over the energy distribution between the intermediate paths can be used to provide uniform coupling efficiencies among the different wavelength signals. The optical path length difference generator including the mixed beam splitter can be formed as a reflector stack having a plurality of partially overlapping reflective surfaces for coupling the individual and multiple paths. Each of the partially reflecting surfaces is oriented to reflect a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals at a non-zero reflection angle, and is set relatively to vary the optical path lengths between the individual and multiple paths transverse to a direction of propagation between them. For example, the first of the partially reflecting surfaces reflects a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals as
length of the first of the intermediate trajectories of different length and transmits the remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals to the second of the partially reflecting surfaces. The second of the partially reflecting surfaces reflects a portion of the energy i shelf of each of the different wavelength signals along the second of the intermediate paths of different length, and transmits the remaining remaining portion of the energy from each of the different wavelength signals to the third and subsequent partially reflecting surface, until substantially all the energy of each of the different wavelength signals is divided among other average int paths. The partially reflecting surfaces of the stack can be formed by alternating layers having different refractive indices, or by alternating transmitting and partially reflecting layers, such as quarter-wave reflecting films. Preferably, the partially reflecting surfaces are parallel and substantially equally spaced apart. The amounts of energy distributed between the intermediate paths are controlled by the degrees of reflectivity exhibited by the partially reflecting surfaces. The optical path length differences between the partially reflecting surfaces are controlled by the non-zero reflection angle of the surfaces
partially reflecting, the separation between the partially reflecting surfaces and the refractive indices of the transmission means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an arrangement of a global optical embodiment of the novel multiplier and demultiplier. Fig. 2 is a partial view of a reflector stack used in the novel multiplier and demultipulator as an optical path length difference generator. Figure 3 is a plan view of an integrated optical display of the novel multiplier and demultiplicator. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 3 showing a microchannel waveguide. Figures 5A, 5B and 5C are cross-sectional views along line 5-5 of Figure 3 showing alternative structures for forming an optical path length difference generator. Figure 6 is a sectional plan view of a symptomless reflecting stack.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In a global optical implementation 10 of the novel multiplier and demultiplier shown in Figure 1, an individual trajectory 12 for transmitting different wavelength signals "? I - Xn" and multiple trajectories 14, 16 and 18 to separately transmit the same signals , are optical fibers individually. During the multiplication operations, the individual trajectory 12 is an entry path, and the multiple trajectories 14, 16 and L8 are output paths. The entry and exit are reversed during the multiplication operations. For simplicity, the other components of the novel multiplier and demultiplier are mentioned with respect to a light travel direction for demultiplication operations. A light beam assembly 20, including a collimating lens 22 and a cylindrical lens 24, couples the individual path 12 to a reflector stack 26, which functions as a multi-stage optical path length difference generator. The different wavelength signals "-? N" are received by the reflector stack 26 as a narrow beam 28 having a plurality of parallel wave fronts that propagate along a common linear path 30, each having an given energy distributed throughout a mode field. The reflector stack 26 includes a plurality of
partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34, 3b and 38 which overlap along the common path 30. The partially reflecting surfaces 32, J4, 36 and 38 are preferably formed by a thin reflective film, such as a high-index quarter-wave film. of refraction or air. Layers of materials alternating between high and low refractive indices can also be used. Although only 4 partially reflecting surfaces are shown in FIG. 1, 20 or more of said partially reflecting surfaces may be required to achieve the desired coupling efficiency and interference attenuation. Each of the partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34 and 36 functions as a two-way beam splitter, reflecting a portion of the energy from multiple sites in the mode field (e.g., throughout the entire field of ear) of each of the different wavelength signals "i -? n" and transmitting a remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals ") vi -? n" to a successive surface of the surfaces partially reflective 34, 36 and 38. Although the reflected portion of the energy is preferably uniformly withdrawn along the entire mode field, the partially reflective surfaces 32, 34 and 36 can also be formed with defined areas of higher reflectivity to extract the energy of a plurality of sites in the mode field. In the latter case, the areas
defined would preferably be alternate between partially reflecting layers, so that the entire mode field is finally reflcted. The transmitter layers 42, 44 and 46 transmit the different wavelength signals "? I -? N" between the partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34, 36 and 38. The last partially reflecting surface 38 along the common path 30 It can also be made fully reflective to maximize the efficiency of storage. Referring to Figure 2, the partially reflecting surface 32 reflects a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals "Xi-Kn" from the common path 30 to an intermediate path 52 at an angle of reflection 0? , and transmits the remaining energy along the common path 30 to the partially reflecting surface 34. A portion of the remaining energy is reflected by the partially reflecting surface 34 from the common path 30 to an intermediate path 54 at an angle of reflection 0t and the rest of the energy is transmitted by the partially reflecting surface 34 to the next partially reflective surface 36. Again, the next partially reflective surface 36 reflects a portion and transmits another portion of the incident energy. The reflected portion is deviated from the common path 30 to an intermediate path 56. The transmitted portion is transmitted to similar successive surfaces partially
reflectors (e.g., refractive surface 38) until substantially all the energy of the different wavelength signals "? i-? n" is deviated from the common path 30 to additional intermediate paths (e.g., the intermediate path 58 ). The partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34, 36 and 38 are oriented parallel to each other and are spaced apart at an approximately constant distance "L". The reflection angle "? I" from the reflecting stack 26 is shown at about 5 degrees for ease of illustration, but the angle "? T" is preferably selected to avoid proximity to the Brewster angle, such as within a scale of about 5 degrees to 15 degrees, so that the reflectivity of the partially reflecting surface 32 does not depend on the polarization. The reflection angle "? T" from the interior of the reflecting pil 26 differs from the reflection angle "? I" by an amount of refraction in the outermost part of the partially reflecting surface 32. The two angles "? I and? T" can be related numerically as follows: ni Sen? I = nt Sen? T where "m" is the refractive index of a transmitting medium-adjacent to the partially reflecting surface 32 outside of the stack 26, and "nt" is the refractive index of the transmitting layer 42. The successive reflections of the surfaces
partially reflecting 32, 34, 36 and 38 divide the energy of the different wavelength signals "Xi -? - an" between intermediate trajectories 52, 54, 56 and 58 without considering- The distribution of energy in the fields of mode of the different wavelength signals "? i -? .- n" - The distribution of energy between the intermediate paths 52, 54, 56 and 58 can be controlled by adjusting the reflectivity amounts exhibited by the partially reflecting surfaces 32 , 34, 36 and 38. For example, the partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34, 36 and 38 can be made to progressively increase in the percentage of reflectivity to compensate for the exponentially decreasing amounts of energy reaching the subsequent partially reflecting surfaces. , 36 and 38. When the desired reflectivities are calculated, the successive reflections should also be considered. For example, Figure 2 shows a portion of the energy reflected from the partially reflective layer 34 being returned along a provisional path 60 to the partially reflective layer 34 by a partial reflection from the partially reflective surface 32. An even smaller portion is reflected again by the partially reflective layer 34 along the intermediate path 56 in alignment with the reflections of the partially reflective surface 36. The rest of the energy returned along the provisional path 60 is transmitted. to the layers
partially reflecting forces 36 and 38 to be deflected to i or length of the remaining intermediate paths (eg, path bO). The intermediate volumes 52, 54, 56 and 58 range in optical path length as a function of the "Lt" separation between two adjacent partially reflecting layers, the refractive index "nt" of the intermediate transmitter layer, and an angle of reflection "? t", starting from The two partially reflecting layers according to the following equation: 60 = 2Ltnt eos? t where "dp" is a difference between the optical path lengths of the adjacent intermediate paths 52, 54 , 56 and 58. The optical path length difference "6p" is preferably selected as a multiple integer "rn" of a central wavelength "? Or" corresponding, for example, to the wavelength of the signal " "i" shown in Figure 1. All the different wavelengths different from a multiple integer are in phase as a result of the optical path length difference "d £". The multiple "rn" is preferably within the range of 20 to 150 to increase the phase changes between the different wavelength signals. The useful wavelength scale of the device, ie the free spectral scale "FSR", is also related to the multiple integer "m" as follows:
FSR rn
The path length differences "dD" along the intermediate paths 52, 54, 56 and 58 combined with a lateral spacing between these intermediate paths create an angular dispersion between the different wavelength signals as shown in the figure 1. Expressed numerically in radians per unit wavelength, the angular dispersion "d? I / d?" between two different wavelength signals can be approximated as follows:
d? i -ntcot? t d? neither ?
The angular dispersion between the "d? I / d?" between the wavelengths it can be constant across all the adjacent intermediate paths 52, 54, 56 and 58 to obtain a first-order change in the tilt between the different wavelength signals "? i -? n", or the angular dispersion "d? i / d?" it can be varied transversely to the direction of propagation to produce effects of higher order on the wavefront shape. For example, the curvature of the wavefront can be used for focusing. Thus, together with the capacity to vary the number, position and reactiveness of the partially reflecting surfaces 32, 34, 36 and 38, the variables that
contribute to the path length difference "dp" and to the angular dispersion "d? i / d?" can be controlled to affect both the relative angulapity and shape of the respective wavefronts of the different wavelength signals "? -? n", as well as the energy distribution of the mode field transmitted together by the different Wavelength signals "? i-? n" - Ordinarily, Uniform coupling efficiencies and less interference between adjacent signals are the primary objectives of such optimization. A focusing optics 62 couples the angularly inclined signals "? I-? N" between the reflecting stack 26 and the multiple paths 14, 16 and 18. As withdrawn, the non-slanted wavefront of the "?" Signal of the Figure 1, which is a uniform manifold "rn" of the optical path length differences "dp", is focused along the optical axis 64 on the path 14. The remaining signals "^ 2 and? n" are focused on the trajectories 16 and 18 to increasing deviations from the optical axis 64 according to their relative inclination amounts. Other paths may be located on either side of the optical axis 64 to transmit other wavelength signals that require multiplication of despread. A flat implementation 70 of the novel multiplier and demultiplier is shown in Figure 3. An individual trajectory 72 and multiple trajectories 74 are formed
as waveguides of microchannels in a flat light guide 70. Figure 4, which has been turned along the line 4-4, shows the individual waveguide 72 formed by a central portion 71 and a portion of surrounding coating 73 on a substrate 78. The individual waveguide 72 transmits the different wavelength signals "? i-? n" as a narrow beam of light 80 directly to a reflector stack 02 having a plurality of partially reflecting surfaces 84 oriented parallel to each other but inclined to a non-zero reflection angle for the beam 80. The partially reflective surfaces 84 operate as a mixed beam splitter similar to the corresponding surfaces of the previous embodiment 10. Figures 5A, 5B and 5C , which have been taken along line 5-5, show three alternative structures of the reflector stack 82, designated 82A, 82B and 82C. In Figure 5A, the reflecting stack 82A is formed by a plurality of thin reflecting films 86 separated by transmitting elements 88, which may be made of the same material or materials other than the waveguides. The reflecting films 86 operate with the partially reflecting surfaces 84. The transmitting elements 88 function as transmitting substrates measuring approximately 20μm to lOOOμ thick to support the very thin reflecting films 86 which measure only
about a quarter wavelength of thickness (approximately 500 fi - 2000 fi). The transmitting elements 88 can be formed from several different types of materials including glasses, polymers, semiconductors and electro-optical materials. Examples of glass materials are S1O2, soda-lime-glass, doped silica, T1O2, Ge? 2, AI2O3, as well as other oxide or sulfide glasses. The polymers, which may be thermoplastic, t-epnoplastic or UV curable materials, include polycarbonate, polurnide and PrlMA. Semiconductors include Si, Ge, InP and GaAs. There is also a wide range of materials for the reflective films 86, which include some of the same materials included for the transmitting elements 88. In addition to being partially reflective, the reflective films 86 are also partially transmitting. In fact, the reflecting films 86 are preferably 95% more transmitting, so that only a small percentage of the energy of the different wavelength signals "? I -? N" is reflected by each reflective film 86. For example, the reflective films 86 may be made of various oxide, sulfide, mtride and fluoride materials such as S13N4, silicone oximetride, MgF2, PF and ZnS. Other transparent polymers, liquid crystals and electro-optical materials can also be used, including said materials that can be deposited by sputtering,
i and
conventional evaporation or with electron beam, and chemical vapor deposition or pLasma. Transparent electrode materials, such as ZnO doped with aluminum or tin-indium oxide, can also be used. Some of these materials for forming the reflective films 86 and the transmitting elements 88 are more suitable for global optical applications such as for producing the reflector stack 26 of the antennner supply, and others are suitable for the reflector stack 82 of the present invention. 70. The choice of materials also depends on the optimum characteristics of the materials within the wavelength scale (for example, 1000 nrn to 1700 nrn) considered for transmission through the reflector stack. Likewise, reflecting films 86 and transmitting elements 88 must exhibit low absorptance to maximize efficiency. The r-effector stack 82b of Figure 5b is similar, except that air spaces 90 between the transmitter elements 92 replace the thin reflecting films. Due to an index variation in the inter-spaces between the air spaces 90 and the transmitter elements 92, the interleaves function as the partially reflecting surfaces 84. Since the refractive index of the air is fixed, the reflection levels of each inter-face are they control by adjusting the refractive indices of the transmitting elements 92.
The variation of the index is also used in the reflecting stack 82C of Figure 5C to produce the partially reflecting surfaces 04. The stack B2C is obtained by alternating layers 94 and 96 of different refractive indices (i.e., high and low refractive indices). ). The interfaces between layers 94 and 96 provide partial reflectivity as a function of the differences between the refractive codes. Again, some of the material materials, including those included for the transmitting elements 88 or the reflective film 86, can be used for the alternating layers 94 and 96 of low and high refractive indices. Examples of low refractive index materials include various glasses such as S1O2, S1O2 doped with B2O3, floumamide doped S1O2 and aβ1Fβ, as well as polymers such as PMr1A and silicones. Glasses of high refractive index include S13N4, T1O2, Ge? 2, ZnS, PbF2 and Si. Polymers with suitably high rates include polycarbonate, polumoid and photoresist materials. Similar to the implementation 10, the field so emerging from the reflecting stack 82 is largely determined by the relative reflectivities and positions of the partially reflecting surfaces 84. The angular dispersion-of the different wavelength signals "? I ~? n "is further determined by the different refractive indices of the transmitter layers (eg, 88) and the angles of
reflection from the partially reflecting surfaces 84. A converging lens 98 (Figure 3) converts the angular separation between the different wavelength signals "? i-? n" into a spatial separation corresponding to the positions of the wavelengths. 7k multiple waveguides. In other words, each of the different wavelength signals "? I- n" 'is focused on a waveguide different from the multiple waveguides 74. A gradual fanning of the multiple waveguides i74 is used for connection to larger optical fibers, which are not shown. In addition to the integrated and global planar integrations 10 and 70, the novel multiplier and demultiplicator can be assembled from hybrid optics. For example, the individual and multiple paths can be implemented on a flat light guide, and the optical path length difference generator or the focusing optics can be made separately and coupled to the flat light guide. One way to separately make a reflective stack with increased uniformity between the layers is to (a) treat a surface of a plate of transmitter material to form a partially reflective surface, (b) divide the plate into sections, and (c) assemble the sections in an overlapping stack. Regardless of whether the implementation is optical, hybrid, integrated or global, manufacturing for precise tolerances necessary to send wavelength signals
? ?
closely spaced (for example, deferring in L nrn or less), can be difficult. As a result, some subsequent "tuning" may be necessary. Tuning can be achieved using one or more materials of the optical path length difference generator that varies in index, size, or reflectivity in response to local conditions such as temperature, pressure, or magnetic or electric fields. For example, La Higura b shows an example of a sinterable reflector p 100 having reflective film layers 102 separated by transmitting substrate layers 104. The reflective film layers 102 are made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO, and transmitting substrate layers 104 are made of a single crystal or pure or doped silicon. A voltage generated by a tuning device 106 and applied through the reflecting layers 102 of the conductive material, changes the refractive index of the transmitter layers 104 to vary the optical path lengths between the reflecting layers 102. The physical separation " Lt "between the reflective layers 102 can be modified by replacing a piezoelectric crystal (such as polyvinylidene fluoride) for the silicone crystal of the transmitter layer 104. An equally applied voltage can be used to expand or contract the piezoelectric crystal in the direction of the physical separation "Lt".
Voltages can also be used through the electro-optical reflective layers to control the reflecting characteristics of the layers. In addition, the tuning device 106 can be modified to control the temperature, pressure or magnetic or electric fields in the vicinity of the other transmitting and reflecting layers which react equally to said influences.
Claims (72)
1. - An apparatus for sending optical signals according to their wavelength, which comprises: an individual path that transmits a plurality of different wavelength signals, each having a given amount of energy distributed throughout a field of odo; multiple trajectories that separately transmit the different wavelength signals; an optical path length difference generator having a plurality of intermediate paths of different length for coupling said individual and multiple paths; and said optical path length generator including a mixed beam splitter that: (a) shifts a portion of the energy from multiple sites in the field of each of the different wavelength signals along of one of the intermediate trajectories of different length, (b) deviates a portion of the remaining energy from multiple sites in the field of each of the different wavelength signals along another of the intermediate paths of different length, and (c) continues to divert successive portions of the remaining energy from multiple sites in the field so each of the different wavelength signals along another of the intermediate trajectories of different lengths until substantially all the energy of each of the different wavelength signals is successively deviated along the other intermediate paths of different length.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said intermediate paths of different length are arranged in a pattern to angularly separate the different wavelength signals.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a focusing optics that couples the angularly spaced wavelength signals between said intermediate paths of different length and said multiple paths.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a focusing optics that couples the different wavelength signals between said intermediate trajectories of different length and said individual trajectory.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said beam splitter controls the distribution of energy between the intermediate paths of different length independently of the mode fields of the different wavelength signals.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said mixed beam splitter distributes the energy of each of the different wavelength signals approximately equally between the intermediate paths of different length.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said mixed beam splitter of the optical path length generator includes a plurality of partially reflecting surfaces.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein a first of said partially reflecting surfaces reflects a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along a first of the intermediate paths of different length. and transmits the remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals to a second of said partially reflecting surfaces.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said second partially reflecting surface reflects a portion of the remaining energy of each of the different wavelength signals along a second of the intermediate paths of different length and transmits the other remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals to a third of said partially reflecting surfaces.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said right beam splitter includes at least 20 of said partially reflecting surfaces.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are arranged in parallel.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are separated by a distance that is equal to a multiple of the wavelengths of the different wavelength signals.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are spaced apart at a distance of at least 20 uin.
14. - The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said third partially reflecting surface reflects a portion of the remaining remaining energy of each of the different wavelength signals along a third of the intermediate paths of different length.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said first, second and third partially reflecting surfaces are relatively located, so that a portion of the energy reflected by said second partially reflecting surface is reflected by said first partially reflecting surface of said reflector. return to said second partially reflecting surface, wherein an additional diminished portion is reflected back by said second partially reflecting surface along said third intermediate path.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the optical path lengths along said third Intermediate trajectory formed by said reflections from said third partially reflecting surface and said successive reflections from said second partially reflective surface-a, are substantially equal.
17. An optical multiplier or demultifier device comprising: an individual path to transmit a plurality of different wavelength signals, each having a given amount of energy; multiple trajectories for separately transmitting the different wavelength signals; a reflecting stack having a plurality of partially reflecting overlapping surfaces for coupling said individual and multiple paths; and each of said partially reflecting surfaces being oriented to reflect a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals at a non-zero reflection angle and being located relatively to transmit a remaining portion of the energy of the wavelength. each of the different wavelength signals to another of said partially reflecting surfaces to vary the optical path lengths between said individual and multiple transverse paths to a propagation direction between said individual and multiple paths.
18. The device of claim 17, wherein said reflector stack is formed by alternating layers having different refractive indices.
19. - The device of claim 18, wherein one of said alternating layers is air.
20. The device of claim 18, wherein both of said layers exhibit low absorbance.
21. The device of claim 17, wherein said reflector stack is formed by alternate transmitter layers and partially reflecting layers.
22. The device of claim 21, further comprising a tuner for varying a refractive index of one of said transmitter and partially reflecting layers.
23. The device of claim 22, wherein one of said layers is formed from an electro-optical material.
24. The device of claim 23, wherein the other of said layers is formed from a conductive material.
25. - The device of claim 21, further comprising a tuner for varying a separation between the partially reflecting layers.
26. The device of claim 25, wherein one of said layers is made from a piezoelectric material.
27. The device of claim 26, wherein the other of said layers is made from a conductive material.
28. - The device of claim 21, wherein said partially reflective layer is a reflective film.
29. The device of claim 17, wherein said reflector stack further comprises a fully reflective layer that reflects the remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals n a reflection angle Lo different from zero .
30. The device of claim 17, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces extend parallel to each other.
31. The device of claim 30, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are substantially equidistant apart.
32. The device of claim 31, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are separated by transmitter layers.
33. The device of claim 32, wherein said transmitter layers are substantially made of the same optical material.
34. The device of claim 17, wherein an adjacent pair of said partially reflecting surfaces is separated by a distance "Lt", and a transmitting layer between said adjacent partially reflecting surfaces has a refractive index "nt". 35.- The device of claim 34, in the that an optical path length difference "&" (;) between said adjacent partially reflecting surfaces can be calculated as follows: dp = 2Lt nt cos? t where "? t" is a reflection angle from said partially adjacent surface reflector inside the reflector stack. 36.- The device of claim 35, wherein said distance "Lt" is equal to at least 20 urn. 37. The device of claim 35, wherein said angle "? T" is between approximately 5 degrees and 15 degrees. 38.- The device of claim 17, wherein each of said partially reflecting surfaces reflects a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along a plurality of intermediate paths of different length between said individual and multiple trajectories. 39.- The device of claim 38, wherein the partial reflectivity of each of the partially reflecting surfaces is controlled to divide the energy of each of the different wavelength signals approximately equally between said intermediate trajectories of different length. . 40.- The device of claim 17, wherein each of said partially reflecting surfaces successively reflects a portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along a plurality of intermediate paths of different length and transmits a remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals to a successive of the reflecting surfaces in a repeating pattern until substantially all the energy of each of the different wavelength signals is reflected along said intermediate paths of different length. 41. The device of claim 40, wherein said reflector is arranged to receive the various wavelength signals as a plurality of parallel wave fronts and to transform the plurality of parallel wave fronts into a plurality of fronts. of wave relatively inclined. 42. The device of claim 41, further comprising a focusing optics that transforms the relatively steep wavelength signals into permanently wavelength-distinguished signals aligned with said multipath paths. 43. The device of claim 41, wherein said partially reflecting surfaces are inclined at non-zero reflection angles along a propagation direction between said individual path and said reflector stack. 44.- The device of claim 43, in the that this individual trajectory is formed as a waveguide in a flat light guide. 45. The device of claim 44, wherein said reflector stack is also formed in said flat light guide co or a series of partially reflective surfaces oriented to said non-zero reflection angles. 46.- A method for angularly dispersing difer-ent.es wavelength signals, comprising: transmitting the different wavelength signals along a path common to an optic path length difference generator. multiple stages; receiving the different wavelength signals in a first step of the multipath optical path length difference generator as a plurality of parallel wave fronts having given amounts of energy; diverting a portion of the energy along each of the parallel wavefronts from the common path to a first intermediate path; transmitting a remaining portion of the energy of each of the parallel wavefronts along the common path to a second stage of the multi-stage optical path length difference generator; diverting a portion of the remaining energy along each of the parallel wavefronts from the common path to a second intermediate path; repeating said steps of transmitting and diverting successive portions of the remaining energy along each of the wave fronts parallel from the common path, until substantially all the energy from each of the parallel wavefronts has been diverted along additional intermediate paths; and arranging the intermediate paths in a sequence of progressively variable lengths to transform the plurality of parallel wave fronts into a plurality of relatively inclined wave fronts. 47. The method of claim 46, including the additional step of storing wave fronts relatively inclined to respective multipath paths. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein said coupling step includes focusing the relatively inclined wave fronts on the respective multiple paths. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein said steps of the multipath optical path length difference generator include partially reflective surfaces. The method of claim 49, wherein said deflection steps include partially reflecting portions of the energy along the parallel wavefronts from the common path to the respective intermediate paths. 51.- The method of claim 50, wherein said steps of transmitting the remaining portions of the Energy include transmitting the remaining energy through the partially reflecting surfaces. 52. The method of the indication 51, wherein said transmission steps of the remaining portions of the energy also include transmitting the remaining energy through the refractive elements separating the partially reflecting surfaces. 53. The method of claim 51, including the additional step of orienting the partially reflecting surfaces parallel to each other at a non-zero angle of reflection along the cornun path. 54. The method of claim 53, including the additional step of separating the partially reflecting surfaces through a substantially constant distance. The method of claim 51, including the additional step of relatively adjusting the reflectivity of the partially reflecting surfaces to control an energy distribution between the intermediate paths. 56.- The method of claim 52, including the additional step of arranging the partially reflecting surfaces and the refractive elements in a stack, so that the partially reflecting surfaces overlap the Lar-go of the cornun trajectory. 57.- The method of claim 52, including the additional step of adjusting the refractive indices of the refraction elements to further control the optical path lengths of the intermediate paths. 58.- The method of claim 57, wherein said adjustment step includes using an external control to adjust the refractive indices of the refractive elements. 59. The method of claim 58, wherein said external control is one of temperature, pressure, electric field and magnetic field. 60.- The method of the embodiment 46, including the additional step of tuning the multipath optical path length difference generator to adjust relative optical path lengths of the intermediate paths. 61.- A method to couple an individual trajectory that transmits a plurality of different wavelength signals with multiple trajectories to separately transmit the different wavelength signals independently of the energy distributions of the field of mode of the different wavelength signals, comprising the steps of: dividing a portion of the energy from multiple sites into the mode fields in each of the different wavelength signals between a common path and a first one of a plurality of paths intermediates; divert a remaining portion of the energy from each of the different signal lengths of wave from the common trajectory to a second of the intermediate trajectories; successively diverting other remaining portions of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals from the common path to other intermediate paths, until substantially all the energy of each of the different wavelength signals is has deviated along intermediate trajectories; and dispersing the different wavelength signals transmitted by the intermediate paths to separately couple the different wavelength signals between the intermediate paths and the multipath paths. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein said bypass step includes bypassing the remaining portion of the energy from multiple sites in the mode fields of each of the different wavelength signals. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein said successively bypassing step includes successively diverting the remaining remaining portions of the energy from multiple sites in the mode fields of each of the different wavelength signals. 64.- The method of claim 61, wherein said separation step includes separating a portion of the energy along the mode fields of each of the different wavelength signals. 65.- The method of claim 64, wherein said bypass step includes bypassing the remaining portion of the energy along the odo fields of each of the different wavelength signals. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein said step of successive deflection includes successively diverting the remaining remaining portions of the energy along the mode fields of each of the different wavelength signals. 67.- The method of claim 61, wherein said separation step includes using a first partially reflective surface to reflect the portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along the first path. intermediate, and transmit the remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along the common path. The method of claim 61, wherein said separation step includes using a first partially reflective surface to reflect the portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along the first intermediate path., and transmit the remaining portion of the energy of each of the different wavelength signals along the common path. 69.- The method of claim 68, including the additional step of relatively adjusting the reflectivities of the first and second partially reflecting surfaces to control a collective distribution of the field mode of the different wavelength signals transmitted by the t rayectopas i nterrnedi s. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein said collective distribution of the field mode is controlled to improve the coupling efficiencies between the individual and multiple trajectories. 71.- The method of claim 61, wherein said dispersion step includes forming the intermediate paths with different optical path lengths. 72. - The method of claim 71, wherein said dispersion step includes also arranging the intermediate paths of different length in a sequence of progressively variable lengths to interact relative to the wavefronts of the different wavelength signals.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1217096P | 1996-02-23 | 1996-02-23 | |
| US012170 | 1996-02-23 | ||
| PCT/US1997/001679 WO1997031442A1 (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1997-02-11 | Multiple reflection multiplexer and demultiplexer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA97008146A true MXPA97008146A (en) | 1998-02-01 |
| MX9708146A MX9708146A (en) | 1998-02-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX9708146A MX9708146A (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1997-02-11 | Multiple reflection multiplexer and demultiplexer. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6111674A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0823160A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11504444A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990007973A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2254997A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9702051A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2212527A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ333597A3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901435A2 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9708146A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL323297A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU97119180A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997031442A1 (en) |
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- 1997-02-11 WO PCT/US1997/001679 patent/WO1997031442A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1997-02-11 HU HU9901435A patent/HUP9901435A2/en unknown
- 1997-02-11 EP EP97905724A patent/EP0823160A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-11 MX MX9708146A patent/MX9708146A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-11 JP JP9530177A patent/JPH11504444A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-11 CZ CZ973335A patent/CZ333597A3/en unknown
- 1997-02-11 PL PL97323297A patent/PL323297A1/en unknown
- 1997-02-11 CA CA002212527A patent/CA2212527A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-11 RU RU97119180/09A patent/RU97119180A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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