US4836634A - Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer using optical fibers - Google Patents
Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer using optical fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4836634A US4836634A US07/140,937 US14093787A US4836634A US 4836634 A US4836634 A US 4836634A US 14093787 A US14093787 A US 14093787A US 4836634 A US4836634 A US 4836634A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- path
- reflective
- light
- opposite
- light conducting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/29307—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide components assembled in or forming a solid transparent unitary block, e.g. for facilitating component alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0256—Compact construction
- G01J3/0259—Monolithic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
- G01J3/1804—Plane gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a selector for separating two wavelength bands from a complex light. It applies more particularly to the multiplexing or separation of data transmitted by optical fibers.
- the properties are known of multidielectric layers consisting of superimposed thin layers having a thickness of the order of a quarter of the wavelength of the light in question, and made alternately of materials having a high and low index, such as, for example, zinc sulfide or cryolite.
- an overall layer is obtained which, relative to a critical wavelength, reflects the wavelengths higher than this critical value ⁇ o , for example, and allows the lower wavelengths to pass through.
- FIG. 1 shows, on the ordinate, for each wavelength, the light energy collected after reflection, by a multidielectric layer, of a light beam emitting in a broad spectral band A.
- the dielectric layer thus behaves like a mirror towards the band A 2 and like a transparent sheet towards the band A 1 .
- the invention constitutes a new application of a multidielectric layer for separating two different wavelength bands from a light introduced into the selector through an input optical fiber, and collecting them separately on at least two other output optical fibers.
- the invention relates to a selector for separating at least two wavelengths bands from a complex light introduced into the apparatus through the end of an optical fiber arranged in the immediate vicinity of the focal point of a concave mirror producing a parallel beam directed towards a plane reflecting device, the return beam being focused towards an output optical fiber.
- the apparatus includes at least one plane multidielectric layer interposed between the concave mirror and the plane reflecting device and forming, with the vertex axis of the concave mirror, an angle which is slightly different from the plane reflecting device, each multidielectric layer having a discontinuity in the vicinity of the vertex axis of the concave mirror.
- the plane reflecting device is a plane mirror.
- the reflecting device is a plane reflectig diffraction grating.
- FIG. 1 is a reminder of the distribution of the light energy of a beam with a broad spectral band, after reflection from a multidielectric layer.
- FIG. 2 shows a device intended for separating only two wavelengths.
- FIG. 3 shows a device which also functions as a monochromator in one wavelength band.
- the device consists of two juxtaposed glass blocks 1 and 2.
- the block 1 has a spherical or parabolic convex part 4.
- the surface 4 is made reflecting by a coating 5, which thus constitutes, towards the inside of the block, a concave mirror whose principle axis 6 is the normal to the vertex of the surface 4.
- the coating 5 is broken over a small central zone 7 in the vicinity of the vertex of the convex part.
- the block 1 has a plane surface to which a second block 2, having a conjugate plane surface, is stuck.
- the latter plane surface carries a multidielectric layer 8, which is also broken in the vicinity of the principle axis 6 of the mirror 5.
- the block 2 forms a plane mirror 10 perpendicular to the axis 6 and arranged in the focal plane of the concave mirror 5.
- the end of the input optical fiber 12 is flush with the surface of the plane mirror 10 and is very slightly offset relative to the focal point of the mirror 5.
- the beam 14 coming from the end of the fiber 12 passes through the zone in which the layer 8 is broken, and is reflected from the mirror 5 to give a parallel beam 15.
- the band A 1 passes through the layer 8 and is reflected from the mirror 10 to give a parallel beam 16, which again passes through the layer 8; by reflection from the mirror 5, it becomes the beam 17, which is focused to a point which is slightly offset relative to the focal point of the mirror 5, and where it is collected by the output fiber 18.
- the spectral band A 2 does not pass through the layer 8, but the latter reflects it like a plane mirror to give a new parallel beam 20, which is angularly offset in accordance with the angle of the layer 8 relative to the axis 6.
- the beam 20 is reflected to give a beam 21, which is focused on the end of another output fiber 22.
- the layer 8 by virtue of its structure and its inclination relative to the axis 6, separates the two bands A 1 and A 2 from the overall band A and, by modifying the angular direction of one of them, makes it possible to collect them on the two separate fibers 18 and 22.
- the non-reflecting zone 7 makes it possible to eliminate the rays coming from the input fiber 12, which rays could have reached the output fibers 18 and 22 directly without being filtered by the layer 8.
- the multidielectric layer 8 is made of alternating layers having a high and low index and an optical thickness of about ⁇ c/4, c being the central wavelength of the band A 2 , where the reflecting power must be at its maximum, and the filter thus formed being of order 0.
- the optical thickness of the layers will be 3 ⁇ c/4c.
- the substrates 1 and 2 having an index of 1.563 and the filter being of order 1, layers H of index 2.35 and thickness 2,625 ⁇ and layers L of index 1.35 and thickness of 4,569 ⁇ will be used, the central wavelength of the band A 2 being taken at 8,225 ⁇ .
- the layer 8 will in that case comprise a half layer H, then 9 layers L intercalated with 8 layers H, and then another half-layer H.
- FIG. 4 thus shows the reflecting power as a function of the wavelength; the reflecting power will reach 0.998 for the 8000 to 8800 ⁇ band, whereas it will be virtually zero for the 7000 to 7400 ⁇ band.
- the more complete device of FIG. 3 makes it possible not only to select the band A 1 , but also, within the band A 1 , to select one or more monochromatic wavelengths.
- the block 32 which is homologous to the block 2 of FIG. 2, is stuck to a third block 33 carrying a plane diffraction grating 40.
- the beam 44 coming from the end of the input fiber 42 is reflected by the mirror 35 to give a parallel beam 45, except for the rays which end at the non-reflecting zone 37
- the band A 2 reflected by the layer 38 to give 50 and by the mirror 35 to give 51, is focuesd on to the output fiber 52.
- the wavelengths of the band A 1 impinge on the grating 40, which scatters them in different directions.
- one of the wavelengths will be returned to give a parallel beam 46, this will then be reflected to give a beam 47, which will be focused on the end of the output fiber 48.
- Another wavelength will give the beam 49, which will be focused in the same way on to another output fiber 54.
- the optical unit thus formed therefore behaves like a band selector towards the band A 2 and like a monochromator towards the wavelengths of the band A 1 .
- the invention is not strictly limited to the embodiments which have been described as examples, but also covers the embodiments which would only differ therefrom in detail, in constructional variants or in the use of equivalent means.
- the separation of the focusing on to the output fiber 18 from the end of the fiber 12 could also be achieved by placing this input fiber 12 just at the focal point of the concave mirror 5, but by giving the plane mirror 10 an angle which is very slightly different from 90° relative to the axis 6.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8007849 | 1980-04-08 | ||
FR8007849A FR2479981A1 (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1980-04-08 | Inclined plane diffraction grating monochromator - has concave mirror and paraxial entry and wavelength-selective exit optical fibres |
FR8020710A FR2491211A2 (en) | 1980-09-26 | 1980-09-26 | Inclined plane diffraction grating monochromator - has concave mirror and paraxial entry and wavelength-selective exit optical fibres |
FR8020710 | 1980-09-26 | ||
FR8026465 | 1980-12-12 | ||
FR8026465A FR2496260A2 (en) | 1980-12-12 | 1980-12-12 | Inclined plane diffraction grating monochromator - has concave mirror and paraxial entry and wavelength-selective exit optical fibres |
FR8124211 | 1981-12-24 | ||
FR8124211A FR2519148B1 (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1981-12-24 | WAVELENGTH SELECTOR |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06816724 Continuation | 1986-01-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4836634A true US4836634A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
Family
ID=27446418
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/140,937 Expired - Lifetime US4836634A (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1987-12-28 | Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer using optical fibers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4836634A (en) |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4934784A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-06-19 | Kaptron, Inc. | Hybrid active devices coupled to fiber via spherical reflectors |
US5218656A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1993-06-08 | Specac Ltd. | Optical fiber probe for attentuated total reflectance measurements |
US5307063A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1994-04-26 | Dornier Gmbh | Superconducting A/D converter |
WO1997002475A1 (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-01-23 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Monolithic spectrometer and method for fabricating same |
US5768450A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-06-16 | Corning Incorporated | Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer with varied propagation constant |
US5808763A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-09-15 | Jds Fitel Inc. | Optical demultiplexor |
US6011884A (en) * | 1997-12-13 | 2000-01-04 | Lightchip, Inc. | Integrated bi-directional axial gradient refractive index/diffraction grating wavelength division multiplexer |
US6011885A (en) * | 1997-12-13 | 2000-01-04 | Lightchip, Inc. | Integrated bi-directional gradient refractive index wavelength division multiplexer |
US6108471A (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2000-08-22 | Bayspec, Inc. | Compact double-pass wavelength multiplexer-demultiplexer having an increased number of channels |
US6111674A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 2000-08-29 | Corning Incorporated | Multiple reflection multiplexer and demultiplexer |
US6137933A (en) * | 1997-12-13 | 2000-10-24 | Lightchip, Inc. | Integrated bi-directional dual axial gradient refractive index/diffraction grating wavelength division multiplexer |
US6236780B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-05-22 | Light Chip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using dual diffractive optic lenses |
US6243513B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-06-05 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using diffractive optic lenses |
US6263135B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-07-17 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using high index of refraction crystalline lenses |
US6271970B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-08-07 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using dual homogeneous refractive index lenses |
US6275630B1 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2001-08-14 | Bayspec, Inc. | Compact double-pass wavelength multiplexer-demultiplexer |
US6289155B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-09-11 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using dual high index of refraction crystalline lenses |
US6298182B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2001-10-02 | Light Chip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using polymer lenses |
US6343169B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2002-01-29 | Lightchip, Inc. | Ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing device |
US6404945B1 (en) | 1997-12-13 | 2002-06-11 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices using homogeneous refractive index lenses |
US6415073B1 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2002-07-02 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices employing patterned optical components |
US6434299B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2002-08-13 | Lightchip, Inc. | Wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices having concave diffraction gratings |
US6480648B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2002-11-12 | Lightchip, Inc. | Technique for detecting the status of WDM optical signals |
US20020181924A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-12-05 | Fiber Optic Network Solutions, Inc. | Module and housing for DWDM equipment |
KR20020096251A (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-31 | 이익희 | Wavelength multiplexer |
US20030063859A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-03 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Optical module and method of forming the optical module |
US6563977B1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2003-05-13 | Bayspec, Inc. | Compact wavelength multiplexer-demultiplexer providing low polarization sensitivity |
EP1450508A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-25 | Alcatel | Method and device for (de-)multiplexing optical signals |
US20040239862A1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-12-02 | Jian-Shen Yu | [display panel with the integrated driver circuit] |
US6829096B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2004-12-07 | Confluent Photonics Corporation | Bi-directional wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices |
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US4111524A (en) * | 1977-04-14 | 1978-09-05 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Wavelength division multiplexer |
US4153330A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1979-05-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Single-mode wavelength division optical multiplexer |
JPS5510511A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-25 | Nippon Atomic Ind Group Co | Method of solidfying radioactive waste with plastics |
JPS5535330A (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Low loss diffraction grating branching filter |
US4198117A (en) * | 1976-12-28 | 1980-04-15 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical wavelength-division multiplexing and demultiplexing device |
JPS5574427A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-05 | Ritsuo Hasumi | Molding spectroscope |
US4208094A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-06-17 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Optical switch |
US4274706A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1981-06-23 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer for optical circuits |
US4329017A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1982-05-11 | Kaptron, Inc. | Fiber optics communications modules |
US4387955A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1983-06-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Holographic reflective grating multiplexer/demultiplexer |
US4479697A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1984-10-30 | Kaptron, Inc. | Fiber optics communications modules |
US4486071A (en) * | 1982-07-07 | 1984-12-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical coupling device |
US4583820A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1986-04-22 | Instruments S.A. | Wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer using optical fibers |
US4591237A (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1986-05-27 | Instruments Sa | Coupler extracting an optical signal |
US4622662A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1986-11-11 | Instruments S.A. | Wavelength-selective multiplexer-demultiplexer |
US4643519A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1987-02-17 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Wavelength division optical multiplexer/demultiplexer |
US4675860A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1987-06-23 | Instruments S.A. | Compact wavelength multiplexer-demultiplexer with variable filtration |
US4703472A (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1987-10-27 | Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung | Wavelength multi/demultiplexer |
US4714313A (en) * | 1984-05-02 | 1987-12-22 | Kaptron, Inc. | Star coupler for optical fibers |
US4744618A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1988-05-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical device for use as a multiplexer or demultiplexer in accordance with the diffraction grating principle |
-
1987
- 1987-12-28 US US07/140,937 patent/US4836634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4111524A (en) * | 1977-04-14 | 1978-09-05 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Wavelength division multiplexer |
US4153330A (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1979-05-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Single-mode wavelength division optical multiplexer |
JPS5510511A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-25 | Nippon Atomic Ind Group Co | Method of solidfying radioactive waste with plastics |
JPS5535330A (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Low loss diffraction grating branching filter |
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Title |
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Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4934784A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-06-19 | Kaptron, Inc. | Hybrid active devices coupled to fiber via spherical reflectors |
US5307063A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1994-04-26 | Dornier Gmbh | Superconducting A/D converter |
US5218656A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1993-06-08 | Specac Ltd. | Optical fiber probe for attentuated total reflectance measurements |
WO1997002475A1 (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-01-23 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Monolithic spectrometer and method for fabricating same |
US5754290A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1998-05-19 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Monolithic spectrometer |
US5808763A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-09-15 | Jds Fitel Inc. | Optical demultiplexor |
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