MXPA97004404A - Leveling or rehabilitation of structures, without forms of sopo - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for repairing a structure comprising the steps of: applying an intermediate adhesion layer to a surface portion of the structure, placing a surface portion of a flexible coating against the intermediate layer so that the reinforcements which project outwardly away from the surface and are completely encapsulated by the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the each reinforcement is configured with an end having an enlarged profile, and wherein the intermediate layer and the surface portion of the flexible coating they adapt to temporarily adhere to each other the initial contact, and form a mechanical immobilization between the reinforcements and the intermediate adhesion layer by curing action of the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the surface portion of the coating is placed adjacent to the layer of adhesion. intermediate adhesion and does not adhere to it by cure

Description

VG? JB ACICN OR REHABTJ ^ LTATION OF STOCKS. south FORMS FIELD OF IMVENTION The present invention relates generally to a device and method for leveling or rehabilitating concrete structures such as pipes, registers, monolithic structures and the like and, more particularly, to a method for leveling or rehabilitating concrete structures without having to use shapes of support or supports to carry out such leveling or rehabilitation.

ANTECEDENTS OF THE INVEN IQN Concrete structures such as pipes and registers are drilled below the surface and are difficult and expensive to replace and, therefore, are repaired or rehabilitated when leaks develop in such structures. For example, repairing drainage pipes that have developed leaks has proven to be a costly operation, usually involving the interruption of drainage services. One of the most common solutions has been to drill the section of a drain pipe REF: 24995 with leakage and then replace it with a new pipe which is properly attached to the existing drain pipe. However, the cost of this method is easily evident, especially in urban environments, since the interruption of the drainage service is generated. The same is true for the replacement of other non-subterranean structures that are formed of concrete and that serve to house a device to maintain a fluid such as a pump, pipe, tank and the like. Concrete structures are particularly susceptible to corrosion and erosion due to contact or the use of transport liquids that are acidic in nature or that include a certain amount of solid component, respectively. Over time, the concrete structure subjected to such use will corrode and / or erode, which will cause the wall portions of the structure to be eaten away and ultimately cause the structure to leak. As the leaking fluid escapes from an underground pipe, the earth surrounding the pipe serves as a basement that is eroded away from contact with the pipe, leaving the pipe, which is structurally weakened, unsupported of support which can result in a catastrophic structural failure. Devices and methods for leveling or rehabilitation in place of concrete structures have been developed and are known in the art, to avoid the costly alternative of removing and replacing such structures. For example, U.S. Patent No. 2,794,758 describes a method and apparatus for coating a pipe in place to protect the pipe from the effects of corrosion and erosion. The apparatus comprises a housing surrounding a spool of flexible coating material therein. The housing is attached at the outlet end to an end portion of the tube to be repaired. A source of pressurized liquid, such as water or the like, is connected to the inlet end of the housing. The liquid entering the housing from the pressurized liquid source imposes a pressure against the rear portion of the liner that has been attached at one end to the surface portion of the tube. Continuously exerting liquid pressure against the surface of the back side of the liner causes the liner to unwind from the reel and be displaced across the length of the tube. As the liner moves through the tube, the pressure of the liquid imposed against the surface of the back side causes the liner to unfold or unfold and be pressed against the wall surface of the tube. Accordingly, this apparatus and method for repairing a pipe is based on the pressure of liquids to supply and place a flexible coating against the portion of pipe wall that requires repair. However, this device is limited to the repair of pipes only and, more particularly, to pipes that have a relatively small diameter, for example, in the order of 13-51 cm (5-20 inches) in diameter. U.S. Patent No. 3,312,062 describes a method for coating a conduit in place. The method comprises using a version of the housing and the spool apparatus described in U.S. Patent No. 2,794,758, described above, which has been modified to include adhesive rolls positioned adjacent the housing end portion attached to the tube. The method is an improvement over the method mentioned in U.S. Patent No. 2,794,758 which involves the application of an adhesive material to the backside surface of the folded coating as the coating is delivered into the tube to promote adhesion of the coating and the surface of the adjacent tube wall. Again, however, this apparatus and method is limited only to the repair of pipes and, more particularly, to pipes having a relatively small diameter, for example, in the order of 13-51 cm (5-20 inches) ) diameter. U.S. Patent No. 4,170,248 describes a method for repairing drainage pipes by inserting a flexible and thin coating into the drainage tube. The liner has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the drain tube, whereby an annular space is formed between them. An upper portion of the drain tube is removed in a position to expose the coating placed therein. The packing is inserted into each end portion of the drain pipe to seal the annular opening between the liner and the walls of the drain pipe. The annular space between the sealed ends is filled with a low viscosity cement by pouring the cement into a hole that surrounds the upper portion removed from the drainage tube so that the cement can freely enter and fill the annular space. The cement is poured to a level above the top of the drainage tube to provide a hydrostatic head to effect the migration of the cement through the annular space between the liner and the tube, and the sealed ends. An overflow tube drilled in the upper portion of the drain tube near each sealed end portion to provide an indication of when the annular space has been filled. However, this method is also limited to repairing only pipes and, more particularly, pipes that have been placed in a horizontal orientation.

U.S. Patent No. 4,792,493 discloses a combination of corrosion resistant coating and coating used to repair a water system pipe or a tank comprising applying a spray of a polyurethane coating to a surface to be repaired and then adhering a Polyvinyl chloride sheet to the surface of the polyurethane coating. The polyvinyl chloride sheet is prepared by joining to the surface of the polyurethane by applying a polyurethane primer-activator to the surface of the sheet. The polyvinyl chloride sheet is chemically bonded to the polyurethane coating by reacting the activating primer and the polyurethane coating to provide a chemically resistant pipe coating. However, this method does not provide long-term leakage protection because the additional fracture of the tube is transmitted to the adjacent polyvinyl chloride sheet by means of the polyurethane coating, which causes the sheet to also fracture and thus , the escape of liquid from the tube is allowed. U.S. Patent No. 5,101,863 discloses a method for rehabilitating underground tubes with a helical wound wrap that expands. This method involves forming a helical wound coating made of a synthetic resin by winding a continuous strip of the resin around a virtual cylinder, with an outer diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the tube to be repaired, and interconnecting the adjacent side edges. of the strip together with a removable wire rod. The liner is then inserted into the tube to be repaired and the front end of the liner is attached to the inside wall of the tube. The wire rod is removed, which causes the coating to expand against the inside diameter of the tube. As the wire rod is removed from the liner, a device is inserted between the outer diameter of the liner and the inner diameter of the tube deposits a foam backfill material within the outer surface of the liner. The device deposits backfill material as it retracts from the tube such that such backfill material is simultaneously applied to that section of the liner that extends against the wall of the tube. This method is also limited to its use in the repair of only pipes and, more particularly, it is practically limited to repairing pipes that have a relatively moderate diameter in the range of 30-91 cm (12-36 inches) in diameter.

U.S. Patent No. 5,102,263 discloses a method for renovating and / or protecting drains and tubes comprising forming a length coating of PVC panels, placing the panels around the tube wall, and joining butt joint end portions of the panel . The panels are configured to have complementary edge configurations so that each panel portion abutting together can be held together along edge portions with an adjacent panel portion. The rear side surface of each panel includes T-shaped formations that extend outwardly away from the rear side surface to be in contact with the adjacent wall surface of the tube. If required, due to corrosion that has already eaten away a section of the drainage wall, holes can be drilled in the drainage wall (after the installation of the cladding) and cement grout is pumped into the cavity between the cladding and the drainage wall to provide support for the coating. This method is limited in that only the renovation of drainage pipes is applied and, more particularly to the repair of the entire section of diameter of the pipe, due to the nature of interfiling of the panels and the lack of means of joint to hold an individual panel against the drainage wall.

U.S. Patent No. 5,190,705 discloses a method for coating large diameter tubes comprising the steps of supporting a tubular coating within a tube by using support supports, injecting a hardenable mass in the space between the coating and the wall surface of inner tube, allow the hardenable mass to cure, remove the supports and repeat the cycle for the next section of tubular coating. The tubular liner may include T-shaped formations that extend outwardly away from the rear side surface to securely attach to the hardenable mass. This method is limited in that it applies only to the repair of pipes and is based on the use of supports or temporary supports of the tubular coating in position against the surface of the wall of the tube while the hardenable mass is injected and cured, so that the repair difficulties and the associated time to complete such repair increase. Therefore, it is desired that a device be constructed and a method designed to use the device to facilitate leveling or rehabilitation of a wide range of concrete structures, including tubes, used to contain and / or transport a volume of liquid be designed. . If desired, the device and method must be able to adapt the leveling or rehabilitation of structures having different geometries and sizes. It is desired that the device and method facilitate rapid leveling or repair of such structures without having to use forms, supports or other specialized equipment to install and / or retain in place the leveling or rehabilitation device. It is also desired that the leveling or rehabilitation device be able to protect against structure leakage in the event of future structure damage.

Therefore, a device for leveling or rehabilitating structures comprising a flexible coating formed of a flexible material that is preferably resistant to chemicals and / or corrosion is provided in the practice of this invention. The liner has a rear side surface that includes various reinforcements or ribs projecting outward a distance away from the liner and which are located at repeated intervals. Each of the reinforcements has an enlarged profile which is configured to provide strong mechanical fixation with an intermediate adhesion layer or support applied to a portion of the underlying substrate surface that requires leveling or rehabilitation. The flexible liner is installed to level or rehabilitate a structure by applying a thickness of the support in the wall section of the underlying substrate that is required to be repaired, placing the surface of the back side of the lining adjacent to the support, and pressing the liner against the support so reinforcements are inserted and completely covered by the support. The support is formed of a resinous material having good thixotropic properties, by which it allows the user to release the coating after being pressed against the support. The support is formed of a material that shows good resistance to chemicals and / or corrosion when cured. The support cures to form a strong bond with the surface of the underlying substrate but not with the back side surface of the coating. The reinforcements are placed inside the support and are mechanically fixed in it by the action of curing the support. The flexible coating of this invention allows the leveling or rehabilitation of structures other than tubes having different geometries and sizes. The support of this invention allows the installation of the coating without the need for external support elements such as supports, shapes and the like, so that the installation and / or repair time and repair costs are reduced. The support of this invention also minimizes the possibility of fractures or tears in the flexible coating that develops, due to subsequent fractures in the underlying tube wall, because the coating is not attached to the support and, therefore, remains flexible and isolated from such underlying fractures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated to the extent that they are better understood with reference to the specification, claims and drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a flexible coating constructed of in accordance with the principles of this invention; Figure 2 is an enlarged, cross-sectional side elevational view of a reinforcement or rib projecting from the flexible liner of Figure 1; Figures 3a-3d are lateral elevations in cross section of different embodiments of the reinforcements constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention; Figure 4 is a side elevational view, in cross section, of the flexible liner of Figure 1 installed against the inner wall surface of a concrete tube; and Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the flexible coating of Figure 1 which is installed against an inner wall surface of a concrete pipe.

DESCRIPTION DETA TAnA Figure 1 illustrates a protection or rehabilitation device constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention in the form of a flexible coating. The flexible coating is configured in the form of a flat sheet formed of elastic material. Figure 1 illustrates only one section of the flexible liner 10 for reference and clarity purposes. It should be understood that the flexible coating can be configured in the form of a sheet having a dimension that is determined by the particular application. It is desired that the flexible material be formed of a material that exhibits good chemical resistance and corrosion due to the formation of acid species within the drainage tubes during use. The acid species are formed from hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) that is emitted by the drainage transported by the tubes, which is combined with water to form sulfuric acid (H2S04). Because H2S exists mainly along the upper portion of the drainage tubes, the acid species that are formed are also collected along the upper portion of the drainage tube, resulting in corrosion damage as Length of 90 to 360 degrees of the tube. Therefore, it is desired that the flexible coating be made of a corrosion resistant material so that, when installed within the tube, it can act to protect the upper portion of the tube from additional corrosive damage. Suitable materials for forming the flexible coating include thermoplastic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). A preferred flexible coating may have a thickness of approximately 1.6 millimeters (1/16 inch) and may be formed of PVC. If it is desired that the flexible coating have a thickness that facilitates flexibility to adapt to a particular substrate geometry, and has no impact on the volumetric and / or hydraulic characteristics of the underlying substrate. It is desired that the flexible coating be sufficiently flexible to allow its use in the leveling or rehabilitation of different geometrically configured substrates, such as tubes having different diameters, rectangular or square structures having flat surfaces and the like. Therefore, it is intended that the request for the flexible coating 10 not be limited to leveling or rehabilitating substrates in the form of a tube. The flexible liner 10 has a smooth front side surface 12 which, after installation in the underlying substrate, forms the outer front surface of the particular substrate. The front side surface, therefore, can be placed in direct contact with the fluid that is contained or that is transported by the substrate. It is desired that the front side surface be smooth or regular so as not to adversely damage the hydraulic characteristics of the underlying substrate. The flexible liner 10 has, a rear side surface 14 including a number of reinforcements, each projecting outwards a distance away from the rear side surface. The stiffeners 16 are placed at repeated intervals along the rear side surface 14 of the liner and are configured to have an enlarged profile 18 at an end portion that facilitates the mechanical fastening engagement with an intermediate adhesion layer or backing that is applies to the substrate surface, as will be discussed in detail in the following. Accordingly, the main purpose of the reinforcements is to provide a mechanical fastening coupling with the support, rather than providing a deviation of a surface portion of the underlying substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcements are spaced at intervals of approximately 63.5 millimeters (2-1 / 2 inches). Although a flexible liner having a thickness in a reinforcement placement range has been described and illustrated, it should be understood that the thickness of the lining and placement of the reinforcements may vary according to each particular application. In Figure 1, the flexible liner 10 is illustrated as having reinforcements 10 having an enlarged profile 18 configured in the form of a solid or continuous arrow having an end portion pointing and chamfered edge portions (as best seen in FIG. Figure 2) to facilitate insertion into the support and for retention of the reinforcement within the support after it has been inserted to form a strong mechanical fixation therewith. The reinforcements 16 can also be configured to have enlarged profiles 18 with different shapes such as those shown in Figure 3a (a profile 20 in the form of a hollow arrow), Figure 3b (a profile 22 in the form of a hollow circle), 3c (a profile 24 in the shape of "T"), and the figure 3d (a profile 26 in the form of a kickstand or at a right angle). It should be understood that the reinforcement configurations specifically described above and illustrated are considered representative of the different ways in which the flanges can be configured for reference and clarity purposes only and, therefore, does not mean that they are limiting. For example, the reinforcements 16 may have enlarged profiles 18 configured to have a square, rectangular or triangular shape. In a preferred embodiment, the shoulders 16 have an enlarged profile 18 configured in the form of a solid arrow, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In a preferred embodiment, each reinforcement 16 projects outwardly away from the rear side surface 14 a distance of approximately 9.5 millimeters (3/8 inches). Figure 4 illustrates a flexible liner 30 after it has been installed against a wall portion 32 of a concrete tube 34, e.g., a drain tube. An intermediate adhesion layer or support 36 is applied to the wall portion 32 of the tube that is to be repaired. A suitable support 36 can be formed from a resinous, cementitious polymer gel-like material that demonstrates good resistance to chemicals and corrosion when cured to form a protective layer against corrosion on the surface of the substrate, strong adhesion to the underlying substrate material under various different operating circumstances, and a strong thixotropic retention of the flexible coating upon initial contact, while temporarily remaining soft or gel-like to adapt to the placement of the reinforcements therein during installation of the flexible coating. Other desired properties of the support is that it is able to adhere to wet concrete that has not cured or very wet concrete, septum and other surfaces that have corroded and / or previously eroded. It is desired that the support does not sink into vertical surfaces and surfaces on the head, and be sufficiently thixotropic to withstand the weight of the flexible coating while curing. It is desired that the carrier be non-toxic, have very low volatile organic compounds or zero, and be easy to use by a user. It is also desired that the support be able to cure in a very short amount of time at ambient temperatures between 5 ° C and 38 ° C (40 ° F and 100 ° F). In a preferred embodiment, the support can cure or cure completely at room temperature (25 ° C) in about one hour. The curing reaction of the support is exothermic and is affected by the ambient temperature. Therefore, it should be understood that the curing speed of the support varies based on the ambient temperature. It is desired that the support heals to form a strong bond with the surface of the substrate but not with the rear side surface of the flexible coating so that only the mechanism of retaining the flexible coating against the support is the mechanical fixation that is formed between the reinforcements. and the support. Although it is desired that the flexible coating adhere to the support by initial contact, to eliminate the need for temporary structural support or supports, the formation of a joint between the support and the back of the flexible coating is not desired so that the flexible coating can remain flexible with respect to, and independent of, the adjacent wall surface. This eliminates the possibility of the flexible liner fracturing or tearing as a result of fractures that develop on the substrate 24 and which are transmitted from the wall portion 32 to the support 36. Constructed in this manner, the flexible liner 30 is better adapted to protect against leakage of fluid or gas in the tube due to the development of such fractures in the tube. Additionally, the flexible coating is better able to prevent the ingress of water from the soil into the pipe due to the development of such fractures in the pipe in applications where the pipe is buried at a depth equal to or below the level of the pipe. soil water. In such cases, water from the soil passing through the fractures in the tube is trapped between the tube wall section and the rear side surface of the liner, and in this way is prevented from entering the tube. A suitable support material is a two-part epoxy resin comprising a resin component and a hardener or catalyst component. A preferred resin component may include reaction products for combining an epoxide with a phenol, such as epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. A preferred hardener or catalyst component may include an amine and an alcohol such as tetraethylenepentamine and benzyl alcohol. It is desired that the support material also consists of an amount of diluent or inert filler material in the form of calcium silicate, silica sand, hollow glass spheres and the like. The use of a diluent is desired for economic reasons, to decrease the amount of resin and hardener component that is needed to cover a particular substrate portion, i.e. to make a particular repair. A preferred diluent is in the form of hollow glass spheres, and a preferred support can include in the range from 5 to 30 weight percent of diluent. However, it should be understood that the support can be prepared and used without the diluent, if desired. A particularly preferred diluent is manufactured by Jeffco Products of San Diego California under the product number 9912. Figure 5 illustrates a section of the coating 38 flexible as installed inside a tube 40 for repairing a section 40 of corroded and / or eroded tube wall. The wall section 40 is first cleaned and subsequently, if necessary, constructed to its original wall thickness by the application of mortar or other suitable concrete patch material. The intermediate adhesion layer or support 44 is applied to the wall section. The thickness of the applied support must be sufficient to accommodate the full length of the reinforcements 46. The support 44 can be applied by conventional application techniques such as application by hand using a trowel or the like, or by pump application. Once the support is applied and adhered to the wall section 42, the liner 38 is placed with its rear side surface 48 adjacent the support and pressed against it so that the reinforcements 46 projecting from the surface from the back side of the flexible coating are inserted into. the support. Alternatively, the bracket 44 can be applied to both the wall section 42 and the rear side surface of the flexible liner 38, and thus eliminates the need to press the liner against the bracket to cause reinforcements to be introduced. in the support. However, it is still necessary that the liner be pressed to some extent against the support in the wall section to ensure contact between the two adjacent support portions. Once the flexible coating is pressed into the support, the thixotropic grades of the support serve to retain the coating in place, which allows the user to release the coating after it has been pressed and hold it in place, and thus eliminate the need to use supports, forms or external supports and similar. The flexible coating and the method for applying the same can be used to level or rehabilitate the entire circumferential wall section of a damaged pipe (as shown in Figure 4) or they can be used to repair only a defined section as length of the tube wall. The flexible coating can be configured in size necessary to adapt to the particular leveling or rehabilitation application from a sheet or from a small number of coating sheets which are joined by conventional techniques, for example by adhesive or hot air welding in the field , or by dielectric welding at the point of manufacture. Although the flexible coating and the method for applying the same has been described and illustrated for use in leveling or rehabilitation of concrete substrates, eg drainage pipes and the like, it should be understood that the flexible coating and the method of this invention can be used to level or rehabilitate non-concrete structures as well as partition walls and other masonry materials. Although limited embodiments of the device and method for leveling or rehabilitating structures have been described herein, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it should be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the device and method for leveling or rehabilitating structures may be included in addition to what is specifically described herein. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the. present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (18)

1. A device for leveling or rehabilitating a structure for containing or transporting fluid, the device is characterized in that it comprises: a flexible coating formed of a sheet of elastic material, wherein the coating comprises a rear side surface having various projecting reinforcements outward a distance away from the lining; an intermediate adhesion layer interposed between a surface of the structure and the surface of the rear side of the coating, wherein the intermediate adhesion layer cures to form a strong bond with the surface of the structure but not with the surface of the rear side of the sheet, and in which the reinforcements are placed within the intermediate adhesion layer.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcements are configured to have an enlarged profile that facilitates the formation of a mechanical fixation with the intermediate adhesion layer after curing.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcements are configured to have an enlarged profile that is selected from the group of geometric shapes consisting of an arrow, a circle, a square, a "T", and a right angle.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate adhesion layer is formed of a resinous material which adheres to the surface of the structure and is fixed with the rear side surface of the coating, and cures at room temperature in the presence of moisture to form a chemically resistant protective layer on the surface of the structure.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating is formed of a chemically resistant, elastic material, which is selected from the group of thermoplastic polymers consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polypropylene.

6. A device for leveling or rehabilitating concrete structures, characterized in that it comprises: a flexible coating from a sheet of chemically resistant, elastic material, in which the coating has a rear side surface constituted by various reinforcements projecting outwards a distance moving away from the rear side surface; an intermediate adhesion layer interposed between a surface of the concrete structure and the surface of the back side of the coating, in which the intermediate adhesion layer cures to form a strong bond with the surface of the concrete structure but not with the surface on the back side of the liner, wherein the reinforcements are placed within the intermediate adhesion layer, and wherein the reinforcements have an enlarged profile configured to form a mechanical fixation with the intermediate adhesion layer after curing.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the lining forms flexible materials that are selected from the group of thermoplastic polymers consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polypropylene.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the intermediate adhesion layer is formed from a resinous material which is strongly adhesive to the surface of the structure and the surface of the rear side of the coating, and which cures at room temperature in presence of moisture to form a chemically resistant protective layer on the surface of the structure.

9. A method for leveling or rehabilitating a structure without using shapes or supports for support, the method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: applying an intermediate adhesion layer to the surface portion of the structure; placing a backside surface of a flexible coating against the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the surface of the back side of the coating includes various reinforcements projecting each one a distance away from the coating; pressing the flexible coating against the intermediate adhesion layer to cause the reinforcements to enter and be surrounded by the intermediate adhesion layer; and forming a mechanical fixation between the reinforcements and the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the intermediate adhesion layer is adapted to form a strong bond with the surface portion of the structure but not with the surface of the rear side of the flexible coating when He has healed completely.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises applying an intermediate adhesion layer that is strongly adhesive to retain the flexible coating after it is pressed against the intermediate adhesion layer without the use of external supports.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises forming a mechanical fixation between the flanges and the intermediate adhesion layer by curing the intermediate adhesion layer.

12. A method for leveling or rehabilitating a structure, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: applying an intermediate adhesion layer to a surface potion of the structure; inserting reinforcements projecting from the backside surface of a flexible coating into the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the reinforcements are configured to have portions of external with an enlarged profile to facilitate retention of the reinforcements within the layer of intermediate adhesion; forming a strong bond between the intermediate adhesion layer and the surface portion of the structure, but not with the rear side surface of the coating by curing the intermediate adhesion layer; and forming a mechanical fixation between the reinforcements and the intermediate adhesion layer by curing the intermediate adhesion layer.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises applying an intermediate adhesion layer that is strongly adhesive to retain the coating in place against the intermediate adhesion layer, without the use of external supports, after the step of inserting the reinforcement.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises forming a chemically resistant protective layer on the surface portion of the structure by applying an intermediate adhesion layer having chemically resistant properties, after curing.

15. A method for repairing a structure, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: applying an intermediate adhesion layer to a surface potion of the structure; placing a surface portion of a flexible coating against the intermediate layer so that the reinforcements projecting outward, away from the surface, enter and are completely encapsulated by the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein each reinforcement is configured with an end having an enlarged profile, and wherein the intermediate layer and the surface portion of the flexible coating are adapted to temporarily adhere to each other due to initial contact; and forming a mechanical fixation between the reinforcements and the intermediate adhesion layer by curing the intermediate adhesion layer, wherein the surface portion of the coating is placed adjacent to the intermediate adhesion layer and does not adhere thereto. cured.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a chemically resistant protective layer in the surface portion of the structure by applying an intermediate adhesion layer having chemically resistant properties, after curing.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises forming the mechanical fixation by curing the intermediate adhesion layer at room temperature for about one hour.

18. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises repairing a structure without the use of external supports to retain the coating in place during the steps of placing the coating against the intermediate adhesion layer, and forming a mechanical fixation. RKffTMKrl OF THE INVENTION A flexible liner (38) includes a rear side surface having various stiffeners projecting outwards a distance away from the liner. The reinforcements each have an enlarged profile configured to provide strong mechanical fixation with an intermediate adhesion layer (44) that is applied to the surface portion (42) of the underlying substrate (40) that needs leveling or rehabilitation. The coating is installed to level or rehabilitate a structure by applying a thickness of the support to the wall section of the underlying substrate, placing a rear side surface of the liner adjacent the support, pressing the liner against the support so that the rims are inserted and completely covered by the support, and forming a mechanical fixation between the reinforcements and the support. The support cures to form a strong bond with the surface of the underlying substrate but not with the back side surface of the coating.