MXPA97004144A - Conical shredder that has flu flush support assemblies - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crusher characterized in that it comprises: a main support member, a rotating mechanism supported by said main support member, said rotary mechanism providing a rotational movement with respect to said main support member, a crushing member coupled mechanically in an indirect or direct manner to said rotating mechanism, the grinding member realizing a grinding movement in response to the rotary movement, and a fluid bellows assembly secured between said grinding member and said main supporting member, said fluid bellows assembly containing fluid at a pressure to support said grinding member with respect to said main member, said pressure being adjusted to adjust a position of said grinding member with respect to said main member.

Description

CONICAL SHREDDER THAT HAS FLUID FLUSH SUPPORT ASSEMBLIES FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to a conical crusher. More particularly, the present invention relates to a rock crusher of simplified construction and superior operational efficiency. The rock crusher can be used for reduction in small length size, easy to crush materials such as rocks and minerals, and for shaping operations of the configurator and light duty type.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conical shredders having head assemblies that are rotated by an eccentric mechanism, driven by various rotating power forces, are commonly available and have been the subject of numerous prior patents. A conical crusher typically has an annular shell and a central hub to which an annular ring is mounted for vertical movement. The cup and the coating of the crushed one are mounted on the annular ring. The head assembly includes a liner which is mounted, for movement through a bearing mechanism, directly to the stationary shaft within the hub. The rotation of the head with respect to the assembly of the cup is provided by an eccentric mounted for its movement around the stationary shaft. With respect to the rotation around the shaft, the eccentric is dynamically balled around its center of rotation by a counterweight. The cup of the shredder is provided with a replaceable top liner and the head member is provided with a replaceable cover. Alternatively, another type of conical crusher may include a shaft that is moved by the hydraulic piston arrangement attached to the lower end of the shaft. The lining of the cup can be fixed to an external concentric fixed frame. In both types of cone crushers, the space between the cup liner and the crusher head can be manipulated to provide crushed product of particular size. These two types of rock crushers have proved to be very successful in heavy-duty crushing operations, particularly when grinding surfaces acting together, which are subject to wear, are provided with replaceable coatings to prolong the life of the crusher. However, for certain crushing and shaping operations, a less robust crusher of simpler construction, lighter weight and greater operational efficiency is desirable. For example, it is not necessary to use a heavy-duty shredder, such as those set forth in the aforementioned patents, for small-sized, easy-to-grind rocks and minerals such as coal and non-metallic minerals, and for configurator-type grinding applications. and light work. Therefore, there is a need for a rock crusher that does not use massive support structures. In addition, there is a need for a light duty crusher that can be easily adjusted to produce various sizes of crushed materials.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shredder including a main support member, a rotating mechanism, a shredding member and a fluid bellows assembly. The rotary mechanism is supported by the main support member and provides a rotational movement with respect to the main support member. The grinding member is mechanically coupled to the rotating mechanism and performs a grinding movement in response to the rotary movement. The fluid bellows assembly is indirectly or directly secured to the crushing member and to the main support member. The fluid bellows assembly prevents rotation of the grinding member with respect to the main support member.

The present invention also relates to a shredder that includes a main support member, an oscillating coupled mechanism rotatable between the main support member, a crushing member and supporting support means. The oscillating mechanism provides mechanical movement. The grinding member is coupled to receive the mechanical movement and perform the grinding movement in response to the mechanical movement. The supporting aids support the grinding head and allow the grinding head to perform the grinding operation without allowing the grinding member to rotate with respect to the main supporting member. The present invention also relates further to a shredder consisting of a main frame, a shredding member and an oscillating mechanism. The oscillating mechanism has a first member, a second member an adjustable support member. A first member is supported for its relative rotation with respect to the second member. The second member is insured to the shredding member. The second member is adjustable in an adjustable manner from the main frame by the adjustable support member. An interval can be set between the second member and the main frame to define the size of the crushed material provided by the crusher. It is an object of this invention to provide a shredder, for certain types of crushing and shaping applications, which has fewer parts, is less expensive to assemble and can therefore be manufactured at a lower cost. It is another object of this invention to provide a crusher, suitable for certain crushing operations, which has improved operational efficiencies, particularly with respect to the costs of energy use and operational maintenance. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a shredder in which an oscillating mechanism driven by a vertical rotary shaft causes an inner conical, conical, and downwardly extending grinding member to oscillate within an outer member of crushing, frustoconically configured and extending downwards. The material flowing down between the inner and outer crushing members is crushed between them. The oscillating mechanism includes a pair of members, a lower one that is rotated by a vertically driven rotary shaft and an upper one that is supported for rotation on the lower by a bearing assembly. The upper surface of the lower member is in a plane that is not perpendicular to the axis of the vertical shaft. In this way, the upper member, whose lower surface is supported on the upper surface of the lower member and whose rotation is prevented, will oscillate as the lower member rotates. According to another aspect of the present invention, an inner, conical, and downwardly extending, conical shaped limb is supported on a lower plate which is secured to the upper surface of the upper member of the oscillating mechanism. An externally frustoconically shaped downwardly extending crushing member is supported in a fixed position surrounding the internal crushing member. The oscillating mechanism and therefore the lower crushing member is supported so that it is vertically adjustable with respect to the base of the crusher. By adjusting the vertical position of the inner crushing member, it adjusts to its position with respect to the outer crushing member. In a preferred embodiment, the inner crushing member is supported in an adjustable manner on the crusher base by a pneumatic bellows assembly. By regulating the air pressure in the pneumatic bellows assembly, the relative height of the inner crushing member with respect to the crusher base can be adjusted. The rotation of the upper member of the oscillating mechanism and therefore of the internal grinding member is advantageously avoided by a second pneumatic bellows assembly. The inner conical shaped grinding member and the frustoconically shaped grinding outer member may be supported by spider-shaped frames when it is discovered that such additional support of the grinding members is convenient., for example, for heavier work crushing operations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view of a conical crusher constructed in accordance with this invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the conical crusher of this invention as shown in Figure 1; Figure 2a is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternate construction for a portion of the conical crusher as shown in Figure 2; Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the support and driving mechanism for inner crushing member of the conical crusher of this invention as shown in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a prospective view of an alternative embodiment of the outer crushing member of the conical crusher shown in Figure 1, which is provided with a support rib cage; and Figure 5 is a prespective view of a supporting rib cage for the internal crushing member of the crusher shown in Figure 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITY Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a crushing system or a conical crusher 10 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention supported on the base columns 12. The crusher is assembled on a main support member or lower plate 14. The lower plate 14 is secured to the base columns 12 with fixing means such as the bolts 16. Although the crusher supported on the columns 12 is shown, it can be supported in any other suitable manner, such as on a cylindrical base which has an opening in it for the removal of the crushed material and the maintenance of the crusher. The crusher includes an outer crushing member 18, frustoconically configured and extending downwardly, and an inner crushing member 20, conically shaped and extending downwardly. The inner crushing member 20, commonly referred to as a sheath, is supported along its lower edge on a lower plate 22. The lower plate 22 can include a retaining member or retaining ring 21 to help secure the member 20. A hole 24 is provided at the apex of the grinding member 20 through which a rod-shaped securing device 26 passes which is secured at its lower end to the base plate 22 and is provided with a threaded portion. 28 at its upper end. A nut-shaped fastener 30 engages the threaded portion 28 and presses on the upper edge of the grinding member 20 to secure it to the lower plate 22. The fastener 30 may be protected by a suitable wear member disposed thereon. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the inner conical shaped grinding member 20 is supported on an oscillating mechanism that includes a lower cylindrical member 32 and an upper cylindrical member 34. The upper cylindrical member 34 is secured to the base plate 22 by a fastener such as bolts 36. A bearing arrangement 38, shown as radially extending roller bearings, is interposed between the upper surface of lower member 32 and the lower surface of upper member 34 to allow the upper members and lower rotate one with respect to the other. Alternatively, the bearing arrangement 38 may be a plurality of vertically disposed rollers and located on an outer edge of the members 32 and 34. In addition also, the bearing arrangement 38 may be a vertically disposed sleeve bearing system or a bearing system. Axial thrust bearing arranged horizontally. As shown in Figure 3, the bearing assembly 38 includes a lower bearing guide ring 40, a bearing upper guide ring 42 and the rollers 44. The lower bearing guide ring 40 is secured to the lower member 32 by the clamps 46, and the upper bearing guide ring 42 is secured to the upper member 34 while the clamps 48. The lower member 32 is secured to and supported on the upper end of the shaft 50 for rotation therewith. Generally, any mechanism can be used to rotate, rotate, move or oscillate the inner crushing member including but not limited to an eccentric mechanism (not shown). The upper surface of the lower member 32 is in a plane that is not perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft 50. In this way, as the shaft 50 rotates, the upper member 34, which is prevented from rotating, as will be described later in the present, is oscillated as alternately as a higher and a lower portion of the upper surface of the lower member 32 passes under a fixed position on the upper member 34. The upper surface of the lower member 32 may be located in a plane that is not perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft 50 by forming the lower member 32 as a wedge-shaped member, or by welding a uniformly thick lower member 32 to the end of the shaft 50 that has been cut in a plane that is not perpendicular to the axis central. The shaft 50 passes through the opening 52 formed in the lower plate 14 and is supported for rotation therein by the bearing 54. The shaft 50 is surrounded by a cylindrical sleeve 56 that slides vertically with respect to the inner guide ring of the bearing 54. The sleeve 56, which is secured to the shaft 50, is formed of a material that will reduce sliding friction between the inner guide ring of the bearing 54 and the shaft 50. The shaft 50, the lower member 32 and the member upper 34 of the oscillating mechanism, as well as the inner crushing member 20, are supported on the lower plate 14 by a pneumatic bellows assembly such as a fluid bellows assembly 58 which is illustrated as 3 ring-shaped bellows stacked on top of each other. others. The bellows 60, 62 and 64 are secured to each other, and the lower surface of the lower bellows 60 is secured to the lower plate 14 by securing devices such as pins. A ring-shaped bearing assembly 66 is interposed between the upper surface of the bellows 64 and the lower surface of the lower member 32. Although not shown in detail, the ring-shaped bearing assembly 66 could be similar in construction to the bearing 38, with an upper bearing guide ring secured to the lower surface of the lower member 32 and a lower bearing guide ring secured to the upper portion of the bellows 64. The bearing 54 can be a sleeve bearing arranged horizontally or vertically, a roller bearing or thrust bearing axia. The height of the lower member 32 with respect to the lower plate 14 is adjusted by regulating the pneumatic pressure in the bellows 60, 62 and 64 in the form of a ring. As shown in Figure 2, the air can be supplied with a compressor 68 through a regulator 70 in the bellows 60, 62 and 64. It will be convenient to reduce the air pressure in the bellows 60, 62 and 64, the air can be discharged through the valve 72. The inner crushing member 20 is prevented from rotating by a fluid bellows assembly which is shown as a series of pneumatic bellows 74, 76, 78 and 80. The bellows are secured to a others and the upper surface of bellows 74 is secured to the base plate 22 and the lower surface of the lower bellows 80 is secured to the lower plate 14. As in the case of bellows 60, 62 and 64, a regulated supply is provided of air to the bellows 74, 76, 78 and 80 with the air compressor 68 through a regulator 82. The regulated air pressure that is supplied to the bellows 74, 76, 78 and 80 is such that it allows the oscillation of the air. the base plate 22 and does not tend to lift the base plate 22, so that it would not be fully supported by the bellows 60, 62 and 64. If it would be convenient to reduce the air pressure and the bellows 34, 76, 78 and 80, the air can be discharged through the valve 84. No only the bellows 74, 76, 78 and 80 that rotate the grinding member 20 are prevented, but they also provide a seal to prevent the crushed material, and the powder thereof, from reaching the bearings 38 and 66. Similarly, the bellows 58 further prevent the crushed material and powder from reaching the upper surface of the bearing 54. The shaft 50 is provided with a wedged hole 86 which receives an externally splined shaft 88. The shaft 88 is held in a fixed vertical position by an increased portion of the shaft. diameter 90, the lower edge is supported on an inner guide ring 92 of the bearing assembly 94. The outer guide ring 96, of the bearing assembly 94, is secured to the support bracket 98 by clamps 100 and fasteners 102. Attached to the lower end of the shaft 88 is a pulley 104. The pulley 104 is driven by a belt 106 that engages the pulley 108, driven by a primary motor 110, such as an electric motor. Although a pulley and belt drive system is shown, other drive systems may be used, such as a hydraulic mechanism or a conventional gear and pinion gear mechanism. The bearing assembly 94 may also be a roller, sleeve or drive bearing member disposed horizontally or vertically. The outer crushing member 18 is supported from the lower floor 14 by a cylindrical wall member 112 which is welded at its lower end 114 to the lower plate 14 and is provided with a flange 116 at the top. The flange 116 is provided with openings 118 therein, located so as to coincide with the openings formed in the upper crushing member 18, receive bolts such as Jos 120 to secure the upper crushing member 18 to the cylindrical wall 112.

Turning to the operation of the crusher, the material to be crushed is deposited in a hopper 122 through which it enters a conical gap 124 between the outer crushing member 18 and the inner crushing member 20. As the inner member of the crusher crushing 20 inside the outer crushing member 18, the material falls in the area where the crushing members are more extensively separated and is subsequently ground as the inner and outer members move together. By increasing the air pressure in the bellows 60, 62 and 64, the grinding member 20 can be raised, moving its outer surface closer to the outer crushing member 18, thereby resulting in a finer grinding of the material being grinded. crushing. While in crushers for heavier work, such as those set forth in the aforementioned patents, replacement replaceable members, usually called coatings, are provided on the inner and outer crushing parts, the conical crusher of this invention is not provided for replaceable wear coatings. However, members 18 and 20 can be replaced when worn. Instead, the inner crushing member or sheath and outer or upper crushing member are formed of a suitable wear resistant material. The materials suitable for particular applications are manganese, chrome-plated chilled steel and air-tempered and a low-cost steel with wear resistance holders provided on the crushing surface. Although the inner crushing member or sheath 20 and the outer crushing member 18 may be made of suitable wear-resistant material, their strength may not be sufficient to prevent deformation in certain applications. To prevent deformation, the outer crushing member 18 may be provided with ribs. Alternatively, an independent cage of ribs including the ribs .126 (shown in FIG. 4) can be provided and secured on the outer crushing member 18. Similarly, a cage of ribs 128 can be provided, as shown in FIG. 5, so that it fits under the sheath or inner shredding member 20 in order to reinforce it. Referring to Figure 2a, in an alternate embodiment of this invention the pneumatic bellows assembly 58 that supports the inner shredding member 20 on the lower plate 14 is replaced by several hydraulic cylinders, one of which is shown, the 136. it supplies hydraulic pressure to the cylinders by a pump 138. In order to provide the bearing 54 of the same protection of the crushed material and the powder as provided by the bellows 58, a flexible cylindrical wall 140 is secured to the lower surface of the same lower cylindrical 32 and the lower plate 14. The bellows assembly 58 and the pneumatic bellows 74, 76, 78 and 80 can be replaced by other supporting devices. System parameters and design criteria can affect the modality of either of the two support devices. For example, in the support device between the plate 20 and the plate 14 preferably provides sufficient force to counteract the crushing forces and still does not substantially raise the plate 22 with respect to the plate 14. The support device allows the member to oscillate. inside of the shredding 20 and further prevents rotation of the inner shredding member 20. The support device also preferably seals the bearing 38 in protection of the shredded material in the shredder 10. The supporting device can be an assembly of springs, an assembly of cable tension, a piston assembly or other apparatus to provide an appropriate level of tension and force between the member 20 and the bottom plate 14. To prolong the life of the bearings 38, 54, 66 and 94, a lubrication system 130 is provided by which lubrication can be supplied to the bearings while the crusher is in operation. The lubrication system includes a pressurized source of lubricant 132 and a pipe system 134 connecting each of the bearings to the source 132. When comparing a conical crusher constructed in accordance with this invention as set forth above, with those shown in the patents according to the prior art set forth above, it will be noted that the following * are offered, advantages: 1.- Fewer parts 2.- Simplified manufacturing and manufacturing. 3.- Lower cost. 4.- Increase energy efficiency. 5.- Operate with the material to be crushed, being either wet or dry. 6.- Lower operating cost per ton of crushed product. 7.- Better quality control of the shredded product through the quick adjustment provided by the bellows support system for the internal crushing member. 8.- FaciJidad of operation, maintenance and repair. For example, while replaceable coatings are not provided, the inner and outer crushing members where they are attached to the crusher can be easily replaced by attachable and removable fastening means shown as nuts and bolts. It should be noted that, if the deviated material is stuck, the inner and outer crushing members, the air pressure in the bellows supporting the inner crushing member can be reduced, allowing the inner crushing member to fall from the outer member. of crushing so as to release the deviated material between the grinding surfaces. Since the grinding gap between the inner and outer members is easily adjusted and controlled by the bellows support system, the particle size of the crushed material can be easily adjusted. Although one embodiment and variations of the components of the invention have been presented, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that what has been described is currently considered to be a preferred embodiment of the conical crusher of this invention. In accordance with the Patent Statute, changes can be made to the conical crusher without deviating from the true spirit and scope of this invention. It is intended that the appended claims include all such changes and modifications as appear within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

Claims (10)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. - A crusher for pulverizing minerals, including a main support member 14, a rotating mechanism 32, 34 supported by said main support member, a rotating mechanism that provides rotational movement with respect to the main support member, and a crushing member 20 mechanically coupled directly or indirectly to the rotating mechanism, with the grinding member performing a crushing movement in response to rotary movement, said crusher being characterized by: a lower fluid bellows assembly 58 secured to the main support member 14, supporting said assembly bottom of fluid bellows the rotating mechanism 32, 34 and the grinding member 20.

2. The crusher according to claim 1, further characterized in that the rotating mechanism includes a lower cylindrical member 32, an upper cylindrical member 34 and an assembly of bearing 38, interposed between a top surface of di inner member 32 and an inner surface of said upper member 34, for providing rotation of said lower member 32 with respect to said lower fluid bellows assembly 58 and said main support member 14, said lower eavement of fluid bellows 58 being arranged. between said lower cylindrical member 32 and said main support member .14.

3. The shredder according to claim 2, further characterized by: a rotatable shaft 50; said lower cylindrical member 32 being secured to and supported on said shaft 50, and having an upper surface that is in a plane that is not perpendicular to the central axis of said shaft 50.

4. The shredder according to claim 1, further characterized because said lower fluid bellows assembly 58 is formed with a generally concentric cylindrical wall 62 and upper and lower ring member 60, 64, said lower bellows assembly generally concentric with said shaft 50. 5.- The crusher in accordance with claim 1, further characterized by an upper fluid bellows assembly 74, 76, 78, 80 which surrounds and is generally concentric with said crushing member 20. 6. The crusher according to claim 5, further characterized by the assembly fluid bellows upper 74, 76, 78, 80 is a pneumatic bellows assembly formed by two or more pneumatic bellows similar to piled on top of one another between the base plate 22 and said main support member 14. 7. A crusher for pulverizing minerals, including a main support member 14; a rotary mechanism 32, 34 supported by said main support member, said rotating mechanism providing a rotational movement with respect to said main support member; a grinding member 20 mechanically coupled indirectly or directly to said rotating mechanism, said grinding member performing a grinding movement in response to the rotary movement; and characterized by: a fluid bellows upper assembly 74, 76, 78, 80 secured to said grinding member 20 and said main support member 14, said upper fluid bellows assembly preventing the rotation of said grinding member 20 with respect to said main support member 14. 8. The shredder according to claim 7, further characterized in that said shredding member 20 includes a conically shaped head and a base plate 22, the plate being secured to a lower part of the head and said fluid bellows upper assembly 74, 76, 78, 80. 9. The crusher according to claim 7, further characterized in that the rotating mechanism includes a lower fluid bellows assembly 58 formed of two or more similar bellows 60, 62, 64 stacked one on top of the other between the bearing assembly 66 and said main support member 14. 10. The crusher according to claim 1. n 7, characterized also because the mechanism 77 Rotary includes a lower member 32, an upper member 34 and a bearing assembly 38 interposed therebetween, in order to provide for the rotation of said lower member with respect to said lower fluid bellows member and said main support member 14.