MXPA97003894A - Carboxamidas de tetrahidropiridino o (tiofen-2-il) - piperid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to: This invention provides compounds having the formula (I), wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, -COR2, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms, the dotted line represents an optional double bond R1 is hydrogen, -OH, OR3, or is present if the optional double bond is presented: R2 and R3 are each, independently, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, or phenylalkyl; R4 is hydrogen, -OR5, alkyl, alkenyl , alkynyl, -COR 5, -CONR 5 R 6, perhaloalkyl, halogen, phenyl, or phenylalkyl; R 5 and R 6 are each independently, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, or phenylalkyl, and n = 0-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the that are useful as antipsychotic, antidepressant and anxiolytic agents in the treatment and relief of the symptoms of these conditions.

Description

CARBOHYDRATES OF TETRAHIDOPIRIDIMO O (TI0FEW-2-g,) - PIPERIDIN0 This invention provides compounds that have selectivity for the 5-HT receptor. serotonergic, useful in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system, which has the formula I. where R is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-27 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, -COR, phenyl, or phenyl-alkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; dotted line represents an optional double link; R 1 is hydrogen, -OH, OR 3, or absent if the double-optional bond is present; R 2 and R 3 are each, independently, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenyl alkyl of 7-10 ato- REF: 24702 carbon mon; R is hydrogen, -OR, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, -COR, -C02R, -CONR R, perhaloalkyl of 1- 6 carbon atoms, halogen, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; R and R are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms. carbon; and n = 0-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those derived from organic and inorganic acids such as acetic, lactic, citric, tartaric, succinic, maleic, malonic, glucogenic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, methanesulfonic and acidic. acceptable known similarly. The terms "alkyl" of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, and alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms include both linear chains or rained carbon chains. In the generic structure described above, when n = «0, the ring containing sulfur is a thiophen ring, when n-1, -the ring that. contains sulfur is an S-oxide of thiophene and when n = 2, the ring containing sulfur is an S-thiophene dioxide. -The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

The compounds within the scope of the invention - by virtue of their configuration, exhibit stereoisomerism. -Such centers may contain both R or S configurations or - may be racemic with respect to such center or centers. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention include the diastereomers, enantiomers, racemates and mixtures thereof. Of those compounds, the preferred members are those in which n = 0; and those in which n = 0, and R is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms. The compounds of this invention can be prepared by conventional methods, for example, compounds - where n is 1 or 2, can be made by oxidation of compounds where n is 0. Compounds where n is 0 can be prepared by a process which comprises submitting a compound having the formula A where R, R and the dotted line are as defined above (a) alkylation by reaction with a compound having the formula B where R is as defined above and X is a leaving group, preferably chlorine or bromine, or (b) reductive alkylation with an aldehyde having the formula C where R is like the one defined above; and, when desired, a compound with a meaning of R can be converted to a compound with another meaning of R as a subsequent process. The alkylation process (a) is preferably carried out in the presence of the base, for example diisopropyl ethylamine. The reductive alkylation of the aldehyde (b) can be carried out without sodium borohydride as reducing agent. Compounds having the formula A can be prepared by a process which includes the reaction step of a compound having the formula D where R is as defined above or a protecting group, is subjected to a Grignard reaction with addition of an N-protected 4-piperidino to give an N-protected-4-hydroxy-4- (3-OR-thiophen-2) -il) piperidino. The N-protected group can be in the form of a carbamate, preferably ethyl carbamate. The free nitrogen atom can be obtained by removing the protecting group for example, using KOH in the process of a carbamate. Where -OR- represents a protected hydroxy group, the protection can be removed in a later step. In addition, a protective group which can be removed under basic (or neutral) conditions is preferred. This is because tertiary alcohol is responsible for dehydration under acidic conditions. Then, during or after the alkylation (a) or -the reductive alkylation step (d) first one -means of R is transformed into another. For example 4-hydroxypiperidino can be transformed into a tetrahydropyridine derivative by dehydration. That derivative can be reduced where a compound in which R is hydrogen is desired. The esters can be prepared in a known manner.

As an example of a synthesis of compounds of the invention the substitution of 2-bromo-thiophene appropriately may be subject to a Grignard reaction in which the addition to a 4-piperidinocarbamate gives the desired tertiary alcohol. Subsequently hydrolysis of the carbamate produces the desired 4-hydroxy-4-thiophen-2-yl-piperidino (1).

The 4-suostitide piperidine can then be alkylated. gives an amide of substituted 4-halo-butanoic acid in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine to produce the final product (2). or Another functionality of the hydroxyl piperidino group can be prepared using a standard methodology, and dehydrates. tion of the hydroxyl group to provide tetrahydropyridine derivatives can be carried out under mildly acidic conditions. The compounds of this invention in which n is 1 or 2 can be prepared by oxidation of the compound of formula I in which n is 0 with an oxidizing agent such as m-chloro Perbenzoic acid. When n is not equal to 0 it is preferable that n is equal to 1. The compounds of this invention were evaluated and determined until having a high affinity to the 5-HT receptor. serotonin by evaluating the ability of the compounds to displace [H] 8-OHDPAT (dipropylaminotetralin) from the serotonin 5-HT .. receptor followed by the procedure of Hall et al., J. Neurochem. 44, 1685 (1985). This standard pharmacological test procedure was used to analogize the property of the claimed compounds with that of buspirone, which is a standard for anxiolytic activity, and, similar to the compounds of this invention, the effective affinity -presented for the subtype of the 5-HT receptor, serotonin. The anxiolytic activity of buspirone is believed to be, at least partially, due to its affinity of the 5-HT receptor, (Vander Maclen et al., Eur. J. Pharmacoi, 1986, 129 (1-2) 133- -130). In this "standard pharmacological test procedure," buspirone has an IC5Q of approximately 10 nM The results obtained for the representative compounds of this invention in the standard pharmacological test procedure described above are as follows: -HT compound ,. linker (IC5Q) Example 1 0.8 nM Example 2 0.25 nM Example 3 0.98 nM Example 4 0.2 nM Example 5 0.7 nM The results obtained in the standard pharmacological test procedure demonstrate that the compounds of this invention possess high affinities for the -5-HT receptor. of serotonin, and consequently, they are used in the treatment of multi-CNS disorders sensitive to treatment with antipsychotic, antidepressant and anxiolytic agents. As such, the compounds of this invention can be administered to a mammal in need of medical antipsychotic, antidepressant and / or anxiolytic treatment in a sufficient amount - to alleviate the symptoms of the disease state, such as - depression, paranoia, schizophrenia. , anxiety, sleep disorders, appetite disorders, cognitive disorders, panic, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorders, sexual dysfunction, addiction, and related problems. When applied to the treatment of prior disease states, the compounds of this invention can be administered to a mammal orally, parenterally, intranasally, intrabronquially, transdermally, intravaginally, or rectally. The compounds of this invention can be formulated alone or with a pharmaceutical carrier for a mammal in need thereof. The pharmaceutical messenger can be solid or liquid. The solid carrier may include one or more substances which may also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression acids, disintegrating agents in tablets or capsules; This can also be a side encapshi material. In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid • * • which is a mixture with the active ingredient finely divided. In tablets, the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in appropriate and compact proportions in the desired shape and size. The powders and tablets preferably contain about -99% of the active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers include, for example, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins. Liquid carriers are used in prepared solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs and pressurized compositions. The active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, a mixture of both or pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats. The liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, softeners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, color, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo-regulators. Convenient examples of liquid carriers by oral and parenteral administration include water (partially additives containing as above, eg cellulose derivatives, preferably a solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, and g. glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (eg fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil). By parenteral administration, the carrier can also be an oily ester such as ethyl aleate and isopropyl myristate. Sterile liquid carriers are useful in sterile liquid form compositions by parenteral administration. The liquid carrier for pressurized compositions may be halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellant. Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspensions may be used-for example, by intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously. The compound can be administered orally both in the form of liquid or solid composition. The compounds of this invention can be administered rectally in the form of a conventional suppository. By administration by intranasal or intrabronchial inhalation or insufflation, the compounds of this invention can be formulated into an aqueous or partially aqueous solution, which can then be used in the form of an aerosol. The compounds of this invention can be administered transdermally by means of the use of a transdermal part containing the active compound and a carrier that is inert to the active compound, is not toxic to the skin, and allows the release of the ', people by systemic absorption within the guinea sari current stream of the skin. The messenger can take any number of forms such as creams and ointments, pastes, gels, and occlusive devices. The creams and ointments can be viscous liquids or semi-solid emulsions of both types, oil in water or water in oil. The pastes consist of absorbing powders dispersed in petroleum or hydrophilic petroleum containing the active ingredient may also be convenient. A variety of occlusive devices can be used to release the active ingredient into the blood stream such as a semipermeable membrane that covers a reservoir containing the active ingredient with or without a carrier or a matrix that contains the active ingredient. Other occlusive devices are -known in the literature. The dosage to be used in the treatment of a specific psychosis must be determined subjectively by the attending physician. The variables involved include the specific psychosis or state of anxiety or depression and the size, - Age and patient response patterns. Based on the results In the case of the methods obtained in the standard pharmacological test procedures, the projected daily oral dosage of the active compound can be 1-100 mg / kg, preferably between 1-30 mg / kg, and more preferably between 1-10 mg / kg. The projected intravenous daily dosages may be 0.2-20 mg / kg, preferably between 0.2-6 mg / kg, and more preferably between 0.2-2-mg / kg. The treatment will generally be initiated with small dosages less than the optimum dose of the compound. Since the dosage is increased to the optimum effect given the circumstances reached; the precise doses by oral, parenteral, nasal, or intrabronchial administration will be determined by the medical administration based on the experience with the subject treated individually. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is in dosage form? Ot group, e.g. as tablets or capsules. In such form, the composition is subdivided into group doses containing appropriate amounts of the active ingredient; the dosage forms per group may be packaged compositions, for example, packaged powders, flasks, ampoules, filled syringes, or sacs containing liquids. The dosage form per group may be, for example, a capsule or tablet by itself, or it may be the appropriate number of some such compositions in the form of a tablet.

The following examples illustrate the production of representative compounds of this invention.

Example 1 0.75 hydroiodide of l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4-hydroxy-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-l-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1- ona To a mixture of 4-hydroxy-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidine (2.4 g, 11 mmol), l- (azepan-l-yl) -4-chloro-2-phenyl-butan -1-one (3.63 g, 13 mmol), diisopropyl-ethylamine (1.68 g, 13 mmol) and potassium iodide (2.16 g, 13 mmol) was heated in -dimethylformamide (40 mL) to 80 ° C for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (80 mL). The precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield 4.3 g of the product, mp 126-8 ° C.

Elementary analysis for: 0.75 Hl.

Theory: C.56.51; H.6.70; N, 5.07. Found: C, 56.28; H.6.43; N.4.88.

Example 2 l-Azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) - l, 2,3,6-tetrahydro-piperidin-l-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1- ona The title compound was prepared with 1-azepan-1-yl-4- [4-hydroxy-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1 -one (1.35 g, 2.9 mmol) and acetic acid (80 mL) in the above-described mixture to produce 1.1 g of the product, mp 108-12 ° C.

Elemental Analysis for: C2f-H3, N202S 0.1 chloroform. Theory: C, 69.49; H.7.64; N.6.23. Found: C.69.83; H, 7.47; N.6.10.

Example 3 L-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one fumarate salt.

The title compound was prepared from 1-azepan-1-α-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -l, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl] -2- phenyl-butan-1-one (1 g, 2.2 mmol), acetic acid (50 ml), and Pearlman catalyst (0.3 g) in the manner previously described above to produce 0.6 g of the product, mp. 134-8 ° C. The title compound was isolated as a hemihydrate.

Elemental Analysis for: C ^ H- ^ N ^ S .C ^ H ^ 0 ,, .0.5 H20 Theoretical: C, 59. 0; H, 6.65; N, 4.11. Found: C, 59.58; H, 6.71; N, .11.

Example 4 Salt of (S) -1-azepan-l-yl-4- [3 (methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -l, 2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-l-yl] hydrochloride 2-phenyl-butan-1-one Acetic acid (0.48 ml) was added to a solution of 4-hydroxy-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) piperidino (853 mg, 4 mmol of the start and (S) -4-azepane-1-yl. ) -4-oxo-3-phenyl-butyraldehyde (1037 mg, 4 mmol) in methanol (20 ml). At room temperature the reaction mixture was treated as a portion with sodium cyanoborohydride (276 mg, 4.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 3 additional hours at 25 ° C and then poured into an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. (50 mi) The aqueous phase was extracted with methylene chloride (3X50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (100 ml), brine (80 ml), Drying in magnesium sulfate and filtering. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in chloroform (50 ml). The hydrochloric ethanol acid was added and the resulting solution was evaporated. The residue was triturated in ether and the precipitate was filtered and dried to yield 400 mg of the title compound, m.p. 114-6 ° C. The title compound was isolated as the hydrate.

Elemental analysis for: C fiH ", N-O ^ S. 1 HCL. 1 H20 Theoretical: C, 63.30; H, 7.56; N, 5.68. Found: C, 63.20; H, 7.68; N, 5.66.

Example 5 (2S) -l- (azepan-1-yl) -4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-dihydrochloride salt ona To a solution of (S) -l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thio-phen-2-yl) -l, 2", 3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-l- il] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one (600 mg, 1.3 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (100 ml) was treated once with Pearlman catalyst (600 mg) and hydrogenated at 50 psi at room temperature for 12 hours After purging the reaction vessel with nitrogen, the catalyst was removed by filtration, washed with acetic acid (30 mL) and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo, the residue was partitioned between 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate. 50 mL) and chloroform (100 mL) The separated organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, column chromatography on 20 g of silica gel with 3% methanol / chloroform as eluent, followed by trituration in ether with the addition of hydrochloric ethanol acid gives 110 mg-of the title compound, mp 91-3 ° C.

Elemental analysis for: C2ftH-, N202S .2HC1 Theory: C, 60.80; H, 7.45; N, 5.45. Found: C, 61.19; H, 7.75; N, 5.43.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that it is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (14)

1. A compound having the formula (I) where R is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-27 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, -COR, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; the dotted line represents an optional double binding; 1, 3 R is hydrogen, -OH, OR or is absent if the double bond optional is present; 2 3 R and R. Each one is independently, alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl with 2 to 7 carbon atoms, alkynyl with 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phenyl or phenylalkyl with 7 to 10 carbon atoms; 4, 5 R is hydrogen, OR alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alke¬ nyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 atoms of 5 5 5 6 carbon, -CQR, -CO R, -CONR R, perhaloalkyl of 1-6 carbon, halogen, phenyl or phenylalkyl atoms of 7-10 carbon atoms; R and are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; Y n = 0 -2 0 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that n = 0 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The compound according to claim 2, characterized in that R is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4-hydroxy-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-l-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is l-azepan-l-yl-4- [A-hi: drdxi-4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) - yohydride salt piperidin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1--. ona

6. The compound according to claim L which is l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -l, 2,3,6-tetrahydr i-. pyridin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-l-yl] -2-phenyl-butan -1-one or an acceptable salt fajr. of the same.

8. The compound of conformity. with•. claim 1, characterized in that it is a fumarate salt of l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -piperidin-l-yl] -2-phenyl-butan -canvas.

9. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is (S) -l-azepan-l-yl-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -l, 2, 3 , 6-tetrahydro-pyridin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10. The compound according to claim 1, characterized characterized by -es. a hydrochloride salt of (S) -l-azepan-l-4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophen-2-yl) -l, 2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one.

11. A compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is (2S) -l- (azepane-1-yl) -4- [- (3-methoxy-thio-phenyl-2-yl) -piperidine-l- il] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. A compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a hydrochloride salt of (2S) -l- (azepane-1-yl) -4- [4- (3-methoxy-thiophene-2-yl) ) -piperidin-1-yl] -2-phenyl-butan-1-one.

13. A method of treating anxiety, psychosis, or depression in a mammal in need thereof, characterized 25 because it comprises the administration to said mammal of an effective amount of compounds of the formula (I) where R is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, 2 -COR, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; the dotted line represents an optional double ligature; R 1 is hydrogen, -OH, OR 3, or is absent if the optional double ligation is presented; R 2 and R 3 are each, independently, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; is hydrogen, -OR, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, -COR, -C02R, -CONR R, perhaloalkyl 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; R and R are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; and n = 0-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

14. A pharmaceutical composition raised because it comprises a compound of the formula (I) wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, 2 -COR f phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; the dotted line represents an optional double ligature; R1 is hydrogen, -OH, OR3, or is absent if the optional double ligation is present; R 2 and R 3 are each, independently, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; R 5 is hydrogen, -OR, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, -COR5, -C02R5, -C0NR5R6, perhaloalkyl of 1- 6 carbon atoms, halogen, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of 7-10 carbon atoms; R and R are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, al -.-quinyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, phenyl, or phenylalkyl of -7. -10 carbon atoms; and n = 0-2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical messenger fifteen . A word for the preparation of compounds of the formula I, as claimed in claim 1,. where n is 0, characterized in that a compound having the formula A is subjected where R, R and the dotted line are as defined above (a) alkylation by reaction with a compound having the formula B where R is as defined above and X is a leaving group, preferably chlorine or bromine, or (b) reductive alkylation with an aldehyde having the formula C where R is like the one defined above; and, where a - compound with a meaning of R is desired can be converted into a - compound with another meaning of R as a subsequent process.