MXPA97002628A - Low speed container packaging machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a packaging machine for low speed packaging to apply plastic sheets to packages containing a conveyor, a spool pin and a central release plate, characterized in that it comprises: a removable device placed on the upper part of the machine; which contains a belt application system and part of a transmission system all mounted on a frame, the belt application system comprises a double function cloth guide tray and two plates with fixed jaws, the guide tray is placed on a support, above the plates with fixed jaws, elements for rotating the plates with jaws attached to these plates with jaws are provided, the removable device also includes guiding rollers, a support for these guide rollers, and the plate central release which works in coordination with the plates with jaws and the conveyor system to place in the correct position the cloth on the packages to pack them, an automatic cutting system by knives, mounted on the conveyor at the end of the journey of the packages already packed, controlled in its operation by an electric-electronic control system, to work in conjunction with the belt application system, a transmission system based on bevel gears to drive the different mobile elements of the packaged machine

Description

LOW SPEED CONTAINER PACKAGING MACHINE DESCRIPTION BACKGROUND AND FIELD OF THE INVENTION.

The present invention relates to machines for forming packages of containers and more particularly to low speed machines for applying plastic sheets to containers to form easily transportable packages. Plastic fasteners or fasteners are widely known and used because of their low cost. This band can be applied manually on a variety of containers (cans, cans, bottles, etc.) of an infinite number of products and materials but, due to its high volume of production in the bottling industry of soft drinks, beers, waters, etc. , it is not affordable to do it by hand and it requires a machine that forms the packages for easy marketing. There are in the state of the art some machines for the application of the cloth on containers and which are high speed (at least 900 containers / minute), it should be mentioned that there is no low speed machine in the market today. (500 containers / minute or less) with the characteristics contained in the present invention. Next, the operation of the machines known to operate in a manner similar to that described in the present invention is briefly described. The machine protected by the patent of the United States of America No. 3,032,944, applies the cloth by means of a rotating drum on which a series of sliding jaws are located on guides. The movement of these is controlled by means of a pair of cams each located on each side of the drum, when the drum rotates, the jaws slide opening the cloth to be placed on the cans.

U.S. Patent No. 4,250,682 describes a machine that also consists of a rotating drum with jaws, although unlike the previous one, only those on one side slide and those on the opposite side remain fixed.

As in the previous machine, the jaws open when the drum rotates and from this fopna they open the cloth to place it on the boat. In the patent of the United States of America 3,383,823 there is described another machine for applying cloth and having a series of bolts that engage the cloth and that are separated to open it and place it on the cans. There is one more machine, described in the patent of the United States of America No. 4,817,361 which consists of two discs with double jaws in its periphery with which the strip of shades of a tray takes and when rotating the discs the bar is opened because said discs rotate on axes displaced at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the machine. Unlike the present invention, this machine has only one inclination, in the vertical plane, of the driving axes with respect to each other, while in the case of the present invention there is an inclination in the vertical plane and one in the horizontal plane, which allows the jaws do not collide with the containers during the operation. These machines suffer from the inconvenience of being noisy, having high manufacturing costs, relatively large sizes, complexity in their maintenance and construction, very high operating speeds for some applications, difficulty in mechanical adjustment for the format change in the size of the machines. packages as well as a longer working time for the conversion due to change of size and diameter of the containers. The present invention describes a machine that in the opinion of the inventors avoids these and other drawbacks. It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a simple low speed machine for packaging with plastic cloth different types of containers such as cans, cans and bottles of different storage capacities and types of materials thus forming 2.4 packages. , 6, 8 or more containers in a fully automatic way. Containers that are likely to be packaged by this machine include but are not limited to soda cans, of beer, bottles, juices and preserves. In addition, the construction materials of these containers may include, but are not limited to, aluminum, plastic or steel. It is another object to offer a low speed packing machine whose manufacture, operation and maintenance is simpler and cheaper. Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine that meets the current need for a low production speed machine (typically 450 packages / minute) of low manufacturing and maintenance cost. A further object of the present invention is to provide a low speed packaging machine having a relatively simple and silent transmission system when compared to the existing machines of the state of the art. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a transmission system which is simple, safe and with a low noise index. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a machine with a fully automatic and flexible plastic cutting system which can be programmed to act on a certain number of packages per package without significantly interrupting the production.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention consists of a machine for packaging with plastic cloth a variety of containers placed side by side to form packages of 2,4,6,8 or more containers in fully automatic and continuous fopna. The machine consists of a spool pin, a guide tray, two plates with jaws, a motorized conveyor, a removable device, a driving system, a transmission system, a cutting system and an electric and electronic control system. The motorized conveyor transports the containers lined up in pairs, one exactly in front of another, up to two cogs or stars of non-metallic material, preferably nylon, which rotate synchronously with the jaws of the plates with jaws. For this operation two guides of non-metallic material are used, preferably nylon, which will relieve the pressure in the line of containers and guide them towards the aforementioned stars and thus place the containers in exact position to receive the fajilla. The plates are two solid circular pieces in which the jaws are mounted that will take and stretch the bar transversely as the plates turn. The jaws are fastened by means of two screws to the periphery of the plates and are placed equidistantly in it. Each plate is mounted on an arrow and the longitudinal axes thereof, which are not collinear and form an angle a to each other in the vertical plane between 155 ° and 175 °, preferably 165 ° and an angle β between the arrows themselves, in the horizontal plane between 160 ° and 180 ° preferably 171 °. The magnitude of the aforementioned angles can vary depending mainly on the amount to be opened and the dimensions of the containers, that is, their height and their diameter, these angles will always be less than or equal to 180 °. As can be seen from the description of the machines of the state of the art, this double inclination in the plates does not possess any of them. The angle formed by the drive arrows of the plates in the vertical plane causes the plates, by means of the jaws, to open the plastic band to achieve an opening sufficient for this band to be placed on the containers, while the angle between these arrows in the horizontal plane prevents containers from colliding with the jaws when going to the point of application of the plastic band. This combination of angles allows the plates with jaws, when turning, to open transversely the bar to reach the necessary measure and then start the closure to be placed correctly on the containers that pass under these plates on the conveyor and that they are held by the cogwheels or stars. It was found that the use of this second angle in combination with the transport system and packaging arrangement to the area of application of the band, that is to say the plates and stars of nylon, provides great advantages especially when avoiding that the containers are mistreated or even burst as a consequence of the pressure developed in the packaging line before and in the zone of application of the band. This pressure originates due to the required production speed, typically 450 containers per minute. It is estimated that a production of less than 100 containers per minute would not require this type of system; however, because the minimum production is greater than this amount, this combination is necessary. The second angle prevents the jaws from hitting both the containers and the non-metallic material rails. In other words, this second angle prevents the jaws of the discs from colliding with the containers and the non-metallic material guides as a consequence of using this system to relieve the pressure in the packaging line. Another great application of the second angle is to prevent the band from falling off the jaws before being applied. It was found that without this angle the band fell before being applied and that a larger opening in the jaws permanently deformed this band. Indeed, surprisingly found that if this second angle does not exist, the bar, despite being held by the jaws from the area where it is taken by the discs fell on the containers before being applied Between both plates and located at the contact level between the band and the containers, there is a separating plate which prevents the band from "rising" again with the jaws forcing it to detach from them. The containers with the already placed fastener are carried by the conveyor to the cutting station. In this station another non-metallic toothed star controlled by an adjustable brake is placed manually although an electromagnetic brake or any other type of automatic brake known to those skilled in the art may be employed. This cog wheel limits the movement of the containers to facilitate the cutting step and to allow the optoelectronic sensor to detect the amount of containers that have "passed" in front of it. The optoelectronic sensor can be replaced by an electromechanical switch or a similar device. As mentioned above, the cutting system has an optoelectronic sensor which is mounted on the auxiliary frame of the removable device and its function is to detect the passage and amount of containers passing in front of it and send a signal to act a solenoid valve pneumatic that drives a piston that has three pieces of nylon that when lowering center and separate the containers and two blades that perform the cut of the cloth separating the packages in 2, 4, 6, 8 or more containers according to the electronic selector has been programmed . The entire piston assembly, ie the pneumatic piston, nylon centering and knives or blades, is mounted on a spring-loaded hinge that allows it to move momentarily along with the containers, and return to its initial position once the cut is made. This hinge is mounted on the auxiliary frame. The piston is pneumatic although it is obvious to one skilled in the art that another type of piston or similar device can be used. The machine has a removable device which contains a system of application of bar and part of the transmission system mounted all on a main frame. The design of the main frame of the demountable device has been made in such a way that the angles a and ß are obtained by the relative position between the bearing journals of the drive shafts of the plates with jaws. In the case of the first angle, it is obtained by a difference in height in the support supports of the bearings of the drive shafts of the plates with jaws and in the case of the second angle by a displacement in the horizontal plane of the central bearings towards the entrance of the containers with respect to the external bearings.

The transmission system consists of a main system and two secondary ones. The main one receives the movement of the motor system by means of a chain and transmits this movement towards the secondary systems by means of helical conical gears. This movement is received by an arrow in vertical position and transmits it to the motor arrows of the plates with jaws, also by means of helical conical gears. The arrows are supported on bearings and the type of these varies depending on the assembly required. The secondary transmission systems are identical in terms of the position of the components, but are placed on opposite sides of the machine as can be seen in the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the packaging machine and showing the spool and the belt in working position. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the entrance area of the containers to the machine, the movement of the containers is from right to left, as indicated by the arrow. Figure 3 is a front view of the spool pin and its brake. Figure 4 is a side elevational view showing schematically the path of the plastic cloth on the machine from the spool to the plates. Figure 5 is a perspective view showing in detail the entrance of the plastic band to the guide tray. Figure 5A shows the guide tray and the inlet for the jaws. Figure 6 is a perspective view showing how the jaws grip and initiate the opening of the band or fastener.

Figure 7 is a top view showing the angle of inclination between the drive shafts of the plates with jaws. Figure 8 is a front elevation view seen from the entrance of the containers and in which the angle of inclination between the drive shafts of the plates with jaws is shown. Figure 8A is a top view of the removable device and the parts it supports. Figure 9 is a front perspective view of the plates with jaws showing the helical conical gears and the arrow supports. Figure 10 is a perspective view in which the central release plate, the stars, the plates with jaws and part of a secondary transmission are shown in detail. Figure 1 1 is a perspective view showing in detail the area of application of the plastic cloth on the container. Figure 12 is a perspective view in which the stars and the exit of the containers from the point of application are shown. Figure 13 is a perspective view of the main transmission, one of the secondary transmissions and the drive system. Figure 14 is a side elevational view of the secondary transmission. Figure 15 is a partial perspective view showing the cutting system and a guide roller. Figure 16 is a perspective view of the one-piece jaw used in the dishes of the present invention. Figure 17 is a partial perspective view showing the piston assembly in the cutting position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows the machine assembled in its entirety, where the placement of the reel 8, of plastic cloth 9, and the route thereof through the guide rollers 10, the feeding guide tray 13, can be seen. , which in addition to guiding the bar, pre-bends the lateral ends of the plastic band 9 to prevent it from bending inwardly thereof and is improperly captured by the jaws 15 of the plates 11, that is, initiates the bending of the plates. The ends of the band 9, which is not done in any of the machines of the prior art, once the band is bent, is placed on the plates 11, with jaws 15. These jaws 15, constructed in a single piece as can be observe in figure 16, and not of two or more pieces as they are those of the prior art, they have two threaded bañenos to hold them to the plates 11 by means of screws and two guide holes to locate them easily and quickly in their position. As can be seen from figure 16, the front face is concave and the upper face is convex so that the cloth adopts the shape of the container and is opened preventing it from breaking. In this upper rear face is where the panel 9 will be received. The lower rear face of the clamp 15 is flat to fit the side face of the plates 11. In figure 2 the conveyor 35 is observed, which goes from the entrance of the packages 42 until the exit of the same already in the form of packages. This conveyor is made of plastic slats 5, as is well known in the art although it can be constructed of another type and material. In addition, the conveyor includes a stainless steel frame on which the plastic guides 4 are mounted which allow the lateral sliding of the containers 42. This figure 2 shows the entrance area of the conveyor 35, with the container separating plate 3, the which divides the containers in two lines to orient them and thus allow them to fit properly into the area of application of the bar, on this plate are mounted two reflectors 2, one on each face of this separating plate 3 on which the infrared rays of the sensors 1, to detect the presence or absence of containers 42 on the conveyor 35. At the end of the separator plate 3, and already in the area of application of the band, there are two plates of non-metallic material, preferably nylon 17, see figures 7, 8a and 9, which open the two rows of containers 42 to tangentially incite the nylon stars 12 and thereby decrease the excessive pressure between them. os 42 containers on the conveyor. The rotating stars 12 synchronize the longitudinal movement of the containers 42 with the circular movement of the plates 11, with jaws 15, so as to apply the band 9 exactly on the containers 42. In the upper part of the machine is a device shown in figure 3, where the spool pin 6 is observed, with its brake 7, which controls the movement of the spool 8, avoiding sudden movements or inertia of rotation thereof, also giving the required tension to the bar 9, for its correct application to the guide tray 13. This brake 7, is a manually adjustable brake which consists of a support and a balata which is in contact with the rotation arrow of the spool pin 6. In figure 4, it is observed the path of the band 9. As it leaves the reel 8, it passes through the guide rollers 10, and later enters the guide tray 13, which fulfills a double function, firstly, and due to its two-piece design, since it has a In the lateral ends bent upwards, which allows them to pass between them the band 9, it bends the edges of the band at the exit of the guide tray 13 and in the second place deposits this band on a pair of the jaws 15 that in that moment they are beginning to enter the slots of the stainless steel guide tray 13, this can be seen more clearly in figures 5a and 6. It should be noted that all the metallic elements are made of stainless steel because this is required by the standards However, it is possible to use other types of metals or materials which adequately perform the corresponding function. Once the bar 9 is placed on the jaws 15, the bar is opened, see figure 6, according to the plates 11, they are rotating in the clockwise direction, seen from the side of the motor system, that is to say with the the entrance of the bar 9, on the left side of the plates 11, this opening of the bar 9, is obtained because when rotating the plates 11, with jaws 15 and because they are on the arrows 16, angularly displaced on the horizontal planes and vertical with predetermined angles. The first angle to, figure 8, is between the arrows 16, with respect to the vertical plane and is to obtain the opening of the table 9. Making an analogy of the movement of the plates 11, seen from the opposite side of the main transmission system, with a clock of hands, in the position of 1:00 hrs. the jaws 15, take the cuff 9 and when the jaws 15 arrive, at the 7 o'clock position, turning in the counterclockwise direction, the maximum possible opening of the cuff 9 is reached. position of 7:00 and 6:00 hrs. the band 9, closes due to the angles alpha and ß, figures 7 and 8, between the arrows 16 and which also help to avoid contact between the containers and the jaws 15. When the plate 11, with the jaws 15, in his tour passes from 7:00 hrs. at 6:00 hrs. the panel 9, makes contact with the central release plate 19 and this by its design and location forces the bar 9, to lower until it is released from the jaws 15 imprisoning the containers. The central release plate 19 is located between the two rows of containers 42 and between the plates 11, with jaws 15 and stars 12 as seen in figures 10 and 11 and is constructed of stainless steel. Once the plastic band 9 has been applied on the containers 42, they continue advancing on the conveyor 35 and are received by the star 31, of the cutting station, fig.15, in which a brake 32 is coupled, which reduces the speed of the containers with respect to the slats 5, and that pepnite stop the containers so that the piston lowers with the blades and separators 36 and cut the curtain 9, figures 15 and 17, and so that in addition the lightning sensor infrared 34, can accurately detect the passage of the containers 42 and sends the signal to an electronic counting system, this generates an electrical signal that activates a pneumatic electrovalve 41 which in turn activates the pneumatic piston 33, which has coupled in its rod a mechanism with three nylon centering and two blades, figure 16. These centradores are used to accommodate the containers 42, before the two blades begin the cut of the table 9. This cutting device is assembled or on the auxiliary frame 48 and this is adjustable in its height by means of eyelets 49 and 50 as seen in figures 1 and 15. On this same auxiliary frame 48 are mounted the optoelectronic sensor 34 and the hinge and the piston 33 as well as the cutting assembly 36. The signal produced by the sensor is sent to the electrical and electronic control system, in which the number of containers that the package will contain has been preselected with a simple movement of switches, and from this it generates a electrical signal to the pneumatic solenoid valve 41, which in turn will act the pneumatic piston 33 to cut the cuff 9 and thus obtain packages of 2, 4, 6, 8 or more containers, as previously selected. When it is required to change the number of packages per package this system does not need to make any mechanical adjustment as required by the machines of the prior art and which do not have either an electronic cutting selection system, or a power station. cutting of the electropneumatic type as described here. The motor system is constituted by an electric motor 26 and a reducer , both of the power needed to move all the mechanisms of the machine. From this reducer comes an arrow in which there are two ladybugs. One of these sprockets moves, by means of a chain, the motor shaft of the conveyor 35, located at the exit end of the packages of containers. The other Catarina, and by means of another chain 27, moves the Catarina 28 and this one to the arrow 29, of the main transmission, this arrow 29, passes below the conveyor 35, towards the opposite end to transmit the movement to the systems secondary transmission. Recall that both secondary systems are identical. As can be seen in figures 1 and 14, the arrow 29 is supported by two self-aligning floor journals attached to the frame of the conveyor 35. On the arrow 29, two helical conical gears 21 are mounted, one at each end of the arrow 29 and on each side of the conveyor 35, these gears are coupled with the corresponding helical conical gears 21, which are mounted on the vertical arrows 20, one on each side of the conveyor 35. In figures 13 and 14 all of the above is observed in FIG. one side of the conveyor. This secondary transmission is symmetrical to the other side of the conveyor. Said helical conical gears 21, are coupled in pairs each pair forming a right angle, that is, each gear 21 is manufactured at 45 °. As can be seen in figures 13 and 14, each arrow 20 is supported in the lower part by a floor bearing 30, and in the upper part by a wall bearing 24, fixed to the main frame of the removable device 44, figure 12 In the middle part of each arrow 20, that is, at the height of the packages, a pair of stars of non-metallic material, preferably nylon 12, is mounted, each pair is held by means of three screws with their spacers 22, which they are equidistant and keep the pair of stars 12, completely parallel to each other, as seen in figure 12. These stars 12 are those that hold and synchronize the movement of the containers with respect to the plates 11, with jaws 15, to locate them exactly in the position required to place on it the band 9. Each star 12, has semicircular grooves that allow to match the peripheral profile of one with respect to the other, see figure 12, as well as for s incroning the position of the stars 12, with the jaws 15, in the plates 11. At the upper end of the arrows 20, there are two helical bevel gears 14, with the angle that allows their coupling with the gears 14 of the drive shafts 16, which move to the plates 11, with jaws 15. The two arrows 16, are mounted on two self-aligning journals of floor 18 and 18A, attached to the main frame 39 of the removable device 44. To mechanically couple the driving arrows 16, a the plates 11, with jaws 15, a flange 43 is used for each plate 11. The flanges 43, are mechanically coupled to the driving arrows 16, of the plates 11, with jaws 15, by means of a cradle and a prisoner which it avoids its longitudinal movement on the arrows 16, the flanges 43, in turn hold the plates 11 by means of 3 screws, which pass through three concentric semicircular grooves in said flanges, which allow an adjustment ular of the plates 11, as shown in fig. 6. It should be noted that the plates 11 are mounted and fastened to the flanges 43. The plates 11 have slots to reduce the weight thereof as shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from the previous description and from figures 1 to 14, the transmission of movement between the arrows is carried out by means of helical conical gears instead of the traditional chain-catarina system used in the machines of the state of the previous technique. This gives a great simplicity to the system, at the same time it reduces manufacturing costs, size of the machine, weight of it and measured during the operation. The frame 39 of the detachable device 44 supports the appliance for applying the cloth 9, that is to say, the support 37, the support rollers 10, the support 38, of the guide tray 13, the floor bearings 18 and 18A, the arrows 16, the plates 11, with jaws 15, the wall bearings 24, the arrows 20, the helical conical gears 14, and also the central release plate 19. This frame 39 is mounted on four posts 23, and subject by four screws with nut 40, which allows it to be adjusted in height as required by the size of the containers. Given the design of the frame 39, and its assembly on the posts 23, it is very simple, if necessary, to remove it from the machine and replace it with another one previously adjusted to the required container size. This implies that the bolts with nut 40 have the dual function of holding the frame 39 of the detachable device 44 and adjusting its height with respect to the containers 42. As will be seen later, it is necessary to modify this height when changing the height of the container 42 to be packed.

The frame 39 of the removable device 44 is constructed with conventional structural elements of stainless steel welded together, although another type of material with similar characteristics of mechanical strength and resistance to co-deposition can be used. As previously mentioned, the angle α is obtained by placing the structural support elements of the bearings 18 and 18a in different levels in the horizontal plane; the central structural element 46 of the removable device 44 in the longitudinal center of the machine for the bearings 18A on one level and the outer structural element 47 of the removable device 44 on a higher level for the bearing units 18 that hold, between them, the arrows 16, and the helical bevel gears 14, of the plates 11, with jaws 15, as can be seen from an analysis of Figure 9. With respect to the second angle ß it will be noted from figures 7 and 8a, that this angle is obtained making the axes of the bearings 18 and 18A non collinear in the horizontal plane. The lower structural element 45 supports the wall bearings 24 and the support 38 of the guide plate 13, the central structural element 46 supports the central bearings 18A and the central release plate 19, the outer structural element 47 supports the outer bearing journals 18 and the support of the guide rollers 10 and also supports at one end the auxiliary frame 48 of the cutting system by means of three screws and eyelets 49. The removable device 44 as can be seen from the previous description, consists of the metallic frame 39 constructed with conventional structural elements as mentioned above, the support 37, the guide rollers 10, the support 38, the guide tray 13, the floor bearings 18, the arrows 16, the plates 11, with jaws 15, the wall bearings 24, the arrows 20, and also the central release plate 19. When there is a need to make changes to the machine due to changes in the size of the shipment Assemble and at some point it is required to use the machine with some other type of container of different sizes, the following procedures will have to be carried out depending on the type of container: a) With the change in the measure of the diameter in the lid of the container 42 and the same diameter in the body: - The distance between the plates 11 is adjusted, without varying the angles. - Changing of guide tray 13, suitable for the new plastic cloth 9. b) If the height of the containers is changed and the diameters of the lid and the container body 42 are preserved: - The frame 39 is leveled, with the four screws with nut 40, on posts 23. - The cutting station (auxiliary frame) is leveled. c) If the change is in the diameters of the body and the lid of the container 42: - The removable device 44 is replaced. - The stars are changed 12. - The knives and separators 36 are replaced. d) If the change is in the height and in the diameters of the container 42: - The procedure c) is carried out. - Procedure b) is carried out immediately.

Any of these change or conversion procedures does not exceed 90 minutes in working time, that is to say that it is very easy and quick to make them, as well as the most economical cost, unlike the machines of the patents described above which require between One and three days of work to make some modification in the format or conversion due to a change in the dimensions of the container, and also a difference in the cost that far exceeds the total cost of the machine presented in this patent application .

To control the sequence of movements of the machine and synchronize the functions of the sensors with these movements, an electrical and electronic control system mounted on a board is used in which the buttons and lights are also located. This control board (not shown) generates the electrical signals of the motor 26, of the solenoid valve 41, of the indicator lights (not shown) and receives the signals of the power, start, stop and speed buttons of the machine as well as the signals of the sensors 1, of the security switches 2, of the doors (not shown) and of the optoelectronic sensor 34, which detects the number of containers 42 and sends the signal to the control board so that it activates the Solenoid valve 41 of the cutting system.

Claims (42)

1. A low speed packaging machine for applying plastic sheets to packages containing a conveyor, a spool pin, a central release plate and a motor system, characterized in that it comprises - a double function tray guide, - two plates inclined in two planes different with removable fixed jaws, - elements for rotating the plates with jaws, - a removable device in which the guide tray, the support of this tray, the plates with jaws, the elements for turning them, the guide rollers of the band, the support of these rollers, and a central release plate.

2. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the guide tray has the dual function of guiding and pre-folding the plastic cloth.

3. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the plates are inclined with respect to the horizontal plane and the vertical plane and because these plates are rotated by arrows which pass through the plates.

The machine of claim 3, further characterized in that the axes of the plates can be inclined with respect to each other in the range of 160 ° to 180 ° in the horizontal plane and from 155 ° to 175 ° in the vertical plane.

5. The machine of claim 4, further characterized in that the inclination of the axis of the plates in the horizontal plane is 171 ° and because the inclination of the same axes in the vertical plane is 165 °.

6. The machine of claim 5, further characterized in that the arrows rest on structural elements of the removable device by means of two base journals and because the arrows pass through the plates in the center thereof, and in addition plates are fastened to the arrow by means of flanges with cunero which causes that these flanges together with the plates with jaws slide in the same axis as the motor arrows.

7. The machine of claim 6, further characterized in that one of the bearing journals is positioned at one end of the arrow on the central structural element of the removable device at the longitudinal center of the machine and the other is positioned at the opposite end of the machine. arrow on the outer structural element of the removable device.

The machine of claim 7, further characterized in that in order to obtain the preferred angle of 165 ° in the vertical plane between the drive shafts of the plates, the bearing journals of these arrows are placed on structural elements of the frame of the detachable device located in different horizontal planes, the outer structural element being at a higher horizontal level with respect to the central structural element.

The machine of claim 8, further characterized in that in order to obtain the preferred angle of 171 ° in the horizontal plane between the drive shafts of the plates, the bearing journals of these arrows are placed on the same structural elements of the frame of the device. removable located in different horizontal planes displacing, horizontally, the end of the arrows close to the plates in the opposite direction of advance of the containers.

10. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the fixed jaws are of a single piece and because they comprise two threaded holes to be fastened to the plates, by means of screws and also by two pins.

The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the removable device is located on the application station and is removed by removing four fastening elements.

12. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the elements for rotating the plates are arrows, helical bevel gears and journal bearings.

13. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the removable device is constructed to be easily disassembled and further includes a main frame constructed by conventional structural elements.

14. The machine of claim 1 1 further characterized in that the four fastening elements are four screws with nut.

15. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that in order to adjust the machine to a new measure of container lid diameter, the distance between the plates is modified with jaws for belt application and the guide tray is changed according to the measure of the bar.

16. The machine of claim 15, further characterized in that the distance between the plates is changed by loosening the single grub screw of the flange of each plate with jaws and traversing it on its drive shaft without modifying any of the angles of inclination.

17. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that to adjust the machine to a new measure of height of the container while retaining the diameter, it is only necessary to adjust the height of the removable device and that of the cutting system and to adjust to a new measurement of height and diameter of cover it is only necessary to adjust the distance between the plates, change the guide tray, adjust the height of the removable device and the cutting station.

18. The machine of claim 17 further characterized in that the adjustment of the height of the removable device is effected by means of four screws with nut and the adjustment of the cutting device is made by adjusting the supports of the ends of the same device.

19. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that to adjust the machine to a new measurement in the diameters of the body and the cover, the removable device is replaced with another similar one, which already has its constituent elements suitable to the new ones dimensions, guide stars are changed as well as the blades and separators of the cutting station.

20. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises an electrical and electronic control system to coordinate the movements of the elements of the cutting system, record and preset the number of containers passing through the cutting area and to control the movements of the machine in general.

21. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that the control of the number of packages that will contain the package is effected by means of an electronic control of cut that is located on the board of the electrical and electronic control system.

22. The machine of claim 1, further characterized in that it further comprises - a transmission system based on bevel gears, - an automatic belt cutting system and - an electrical and electronic control system.

23. A transmission system by means of gears for machines for applying plastic sheets to packages consisting of motor, reducer, arrows, helical conical gears, sprockets and bearings, characterized in that it comprises: a primary transmission system and two secondaries mechanically coupled by half helical bevel gear and arrows.

24. The transmission system of claim 23, further characterized in that the secondary systems are equal and are located on opposite sides, one opposite the other.

25. The transmission system of claim 23, further characterized in that the primary transmission is constituted by a first single Catarina, a second single Catarina, a single chain, an arrow, two self-aligning floor bearings and two helical bevel gears.

26. The transmission system of claim 23, further characterized in that the secondary transmissions are constituted by three helical bevel gears, two arrows and 4 journal bearings each.

27. The system of claim 25, further characterized in that the transmission of movement between the first and second catarina is effected by means of a chain and because the arrow is coupled to the second cage to transmit the movement to the secondary transmission by means of the Helical conical gears.

The system of claim 27, further characterized in that the primary transmission system transmits the movement to the two secondary transmission systems by means of an arrow, which passes under a conveyor system, by means of the arrow of the transmission system primary with helical conical gears at their ends.

29. The system of claim 28, further characterized in that the arrow that transmits the movement of the primary system to the secondary system is placed at 90 ° with respect to the arrows of the secondary system, in a practically horizontal position and because in addition the arrows of the secondary system in a practically vertical position they transmit the movement to the motor arrows of the plates.

30. The system of claim 29, further characterized in that the transmission of movement between the different arrows is effected by helical bevel gears.

31. The system of claim 30, further characterized in that the arrow of the primary transmission is supported by two self-aligning floor bearings and because the ascending arrows of the secondary transmission are supported on the lower part by floor bearings and on the upper part By means of wall journals, the floor bearings are supported on the frame of the conveyor system while the wall bearings rest on the frame of the removable device.

32. The system of claim 31, further characterized in that about a half of the length of each arrow in a substantially vertical position of the secondary transmissions, ie, at the height of the containers, a pair of stars of non-material is placed. metallic, preferably nylon to synchronize the movement of the containers with that of the jaws of the plates with jaws, these stars are kept separated in an equidistant way by means of three separators with toillo.

33. The system of claim 32, further characterized in that the center line of the arrows practically in vertical position coincides with the line of centers of the nylon stars and because these arrows move the stars at substantially the same speed as the arrows. plates with jaws.

34. The system of claim 33, further characterized in that at the upper end of the arrow practically in vertical position is placed a helical conical gear which is coupled with another helical bevel gear integral with the drive shaft of the plates with jaws, for transmit the movement coming from the primary transmission system to the plates with jaws.

35. The system of claim 34, further characterized in that the coupling between the plates with jaws and their driving shafts is effected by means of a flange with cradle and because the centerline of the arrows passes through the center line of the plate with jaws and because the plates have a hole in the center of these of adequate diameter to be mounted to the flanges and these on the arrows.

36. A cutting system for cutting plastic sheets into machines for applying plastic sheets to packages characterized in that it comprises: - a sensor element and container counter, - a pneumatic solenoid valve, - a piston assembly - a star of non-metallic material, a auxiliary frame and - a brake.

37. The cutting system of claim 36, further characterized in that the packaging sensor element mounted on the auxiliary frame is an optoelectronic sensor which detects and sends a signal to the electrical and electronic system that counts the number of containers that have passed through. The cutting station sends a signal to act on a pneumatic solenoid valve which will actuate the piston assembly.

38. The system of claim 37, further characterized in that the piston assembly includes a pneumatic or hydraulic piston, three pieces of nylon for centering and separating the containers with respect to the piston assembly, at least two blades or knives and a hinge with springs.

39. The system of claim 38, further characterized in that the piston is pneumatic and because the piston, the nylon parts and the blades are mounted on the hinge with springs to allow this assembly to move momentarily together with the already packaged containers and this in turn is mounted on the auxiliary frame.

40. The system of claim 39, further characterized in that the non-metallic star is coupled to the brake and both serve the purpose of reducing the speed of the container train.

41. The system of claim 40, further characterized in that the brake can be a manual or automatic type brake.

42. The system of claim 41, further characterized in that the brake is of the manual type.