MXPA96004925A - Steel of high carbon content, procedure of manufacture of the same and use as dedesgaste parts of said ac - Google Patents
Steel of high carbon content, procedure of manufacture of the same and use as dedesgaste parts of said acInfo
- Publication number
- MXPA96004925A MXPA96004925A MXPA/A/1996/004925A MX9604925A MXPA96004925A MX PA96004925 A MXPA96004925 A MX PA96004925A MX 9604925 A MX9604925 A MX 9604925A MX PA96004925 A MXPA96004925 A MX PA96004925A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- order
- further characterized
- carbon
- alloy
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical group [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005296 abrasive Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001138 Tears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052904 quartz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000576 supplementary Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for the production of milling media, made of alloyed steel of the following composition expressed as a percentage by weight: Carbon from 1.1 to 2.0%; Manganese from 0.5 to 3.5%; Chrome from 1.0 to 4.0% Silicon from 0.6 to 1.2%, the rest being iron with the usual content of impurities, characterized in that after casting, they are subjected to a stage comprising cooling from a temperature above 900 ° C to a temperature of approximately 500 ° C. , at a cooling rate between 0.30 to 1.90§C / s to confer a final metallographic structure consisting mainly of fine pearlite that is not in equilibrium and with a hardness between 47 RC and 54
Description
STEEL OF RLTO CARBON CONTENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF THE CARBON AND USE AS PARTS OF WEAR OF SAID STEEL
DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
The present invention relates to high carbon steel alloys, particularly for use in the manufacture of wear parts, more particularly for grinding elements and grinding balls. In the mining industry it is necessary release valuable minerals from the rocks where they are included, taking into account their concentration and extraction. For this release, the ore has to be crushed and ground finely. Considering only the grinding stage, it is estimated that 750,000 to 1 million tons of grinding elements are used annually in the form of bolts or cylindrical cylinders or in the form of a truncated cone. Commonly used grinding elements: 1.- Low alloy steels (0.7-1% carbon, alloying elements less than 1%) formed by rolling or forging followed by thermal work to obtain a hardness surface of 60-65 Rc. 2.- Cast iron? Nar * t in the alloyed product with < r orno (1.7-3.5% carbon, H-30% chromium) formed by smelting and heat treatment for o nt »? na uiv-i of 00-68 Pe c all sections. 3.- Perlitic alloy white iron b * jc? (3 4.2% carbon, alloy elements below "%"), untreated and with a hardness of 45-55 Rc obtained by smelting All the present solutions have their own disadvantages: for the forged steel steels , are the costs of invention for the machines of forging and rolling and the appearance for the thermal treatment that increases the energy consumption with respect to the irons alloyed with chrome, the supplementary costs are linked to the elements of the alloy (mainly chromium) and thermal treatment - finally, for alloy white iron with alloy, manufacturing costs are generally quite low but its wear resistance properties are not as good as other solutions In addition, usually only grinding elements of less than 60 mm are produced industically.As a whole, in the case of minerals in which the rock is very abrasive (eg gold, copper, ...), the present solutions are not sati completely to the users because the costs of the products and materials subject to wear and tear (l > grinding waves and other elements of molten iron), contribute much to the cost of the production of metals and metals.
The object of the invention is to provide steels which have improved properties < and, in particular, to solve the problems and disadvantages of state-of-the-art solutions for those that wear out (par- ticularly milling elements). The composition, melting and cooling conditions after the casting of the invention allow resistance to wear, particularly under very abrasive conditions, which is comparable to forged steels and chromium cast steels but with lower costs and higher i < j Perlitic cast iron (but with a comparable cost). Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the reading of the following description of the features of the invention and its preferred embodiments.
CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a high carbon alloy steel characterized in that its composition meets the following composition expressed in% by weight: carbon from 1.1 to 2.0% rn anganes from 0.5 to 3.5% chromium from 1. (1 to 4.0% silica) from 0.6 to 1.%, the remainder being iron, with the usual d * - impurities content, in such a way as to provide a metallographic product that mainly comprises fine pearl which is not ** a in equilibrium, with a hardness of 47 Preferably, for grinding elements, particularly grinding balls, the carbon content is between 1.2 and 2.0%, preferably between 1.3 and 1.7% to achieve maximum wear resistance while maintaining the impact resistance. In practice, it is advisable to select the manganese content as a function of the diameter of the ball to be milled and the rate of cooling to obtain the structure of fine pearlite. The following compositions are interesting with respect to the wear resistance for grinding elements, particularly grinding balls of 100 nm diameter. carbon in the order of 1.5% manganese in the order of 1.5 to J.0% ^ chrome in the order of 3.0% silicon in the order of 0.8% For grinding balls of 70 inm in diameter, a composition par-to the alloy of car-bond in the order of 1.5% manganese in the order of 0.8 to 1.5% chromium in the order of 3.3% silicon in the order of 0.8% has proved to be particularly advantageous. FU thermal treatment used is selected to trust the minimum amounts of cementite, mart? Nsita, ust'-n? Trt and! , lita thick that may appear in the structure, j ©? <;? LOW > . According to the invention, the steels mentioned above are subjected, after casting, to a thermal treatment step comprising cooling from a temperature above 900 ° C to a temperature of about 500 ° C at a cooling rate average between 0.3 and 1.9 ° C / second trust improve the steel with said my structure consisting mainly of pearlite one that
1 < or is in equilibrium, with a hardness between 47 and 54 Re. The casting directly forms the parts that wear out and particularly the grinding elements and can be made by any known casting technique. The perlite structure is obtained by extracting the still hot piece out of the casting mold and adapting the chemical composition to the mass of the piece and the velocity of odor after extraction from the mold. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments, given by way of illustration without limitations. In the examples, the percentages are expressed by weight.
Examples 1 to 4 In all the examples, a steel composition of 1.5% carbon, 3% chromium and 0.8% of < il cio, being the rest iron with the usual content of impurities. r, provide the speci fi c content of manganese and of c romo fe rded as a percentage by weight, depending on the d i f erent of the balls. Experiment D Diiáámmemmetrotro Mn% Cr% N ° of ball inm 1 1 10000 3 3 2 1 10000 1.9 3 3 7 700 1.5 3 4 7 700 0.8 3 After completing the solidification, the piece is e? Its temperature at its highest possible temperature is compatible with easy handling and, preferably, above q00 ° C. This piece is then cooled in a homogeneous manner at a speed defined as a function of its mass. This controlled cooling is maintained until a temperature of 500 ° C after which cooling is atepal. The average cooling expressed in ° C / second between the temperatures of 1000 ° C and 500 ° C is given in table 2 for the two examples mentioned above. Experiment Di ame ro Speed of n ° of the cooling ball rnrn average 1 100 1.15 ° 0 / s 2 100 1.30"C / s 3 70 1.50 ° C / s 4 70 1. (? ° 0 / s The main The advantages of this heat treatment are that it makes it possible for the fine pearlite structure to be more easily reached.It can also be done with the use of the rallying of the piece after the casting, reducing the production costs. Figures 1 and 2 show the structure of steels obtained according to the invention, Figure 1 increased 400 times, shows the start-up of a 100-m ball whose chemical composition, expressed in percentage by weight, is: 1.5% carbon 1.9% manganese 3.0% chromium 0.8% silicon After extraction from the mold, this cast was cooled uniformly from a temperature of HOCC to room temperature at a speed of 1.30 ° C / sec. Rocl-well hardness measure is 51 Rc. The structure consists of fine pearlite, 8.10 % eementma and at least 5-7% mar- < ensila. Figure 2 increases 400 times, shows the size of a ball of 100 inm whose chemical composition, oxprosed in percentage by weight, is: 1.5% of < arbono 1.% manganese 3.0% chromium 0.0% silicon This piece cooled uni emente after the < * "ration from a ternper-at ur-a of 1100 ° C to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1.50 ° O / s.The measured RockweLl hardness is 52 Rc. The structure consists of fine pearlite, 5-7 % of Tuesday The grinding elements or balls whose grinders are shown in figures 1 and 2 have been subjected to wear tests to verify their behavior and properties in an industrial environment The wear resistance of the alloy of the invention has been evaluated, therefore, by the technique of experiments with marked balls.This technique consists in the insertion of a predetermined quantity of balls made with the alloy of the invention inside an industrial mill.First, the balls are ordered by weight and they are identified by drilled holes, together with balls of the same weight, of one or more known alloys of the state of the art, after a fixed period of operation., the mill stops and the marked balls are recovered. The balls are weighed and the difference in weight makes it possible to compare the behavior of the different alloys tested. These controls are repeated several times to obtain statistically valid values. A first test was carried out in a mill with a particularly abrasive mineral containing more than 70% quartz. The balls of 100 mm in diameter were tested every week for five. The white iron ball with a high chromium content of low weight from a weight of 4,600 kg to 2,800 kg, the wear-related resistance of the different alloys, or the e <; ont i nuac ion •
White iron rnart ensí 1 co with 12% chrome of 64 Rc 1.00 x, steel of the invention of 51 Rc 0.98 x. Similar tests were performed on other mills where the treated ore was also very abrasive, but in which the impact conditions compared to mill operating conditions were different. The results obtained with the balls manufactured from the alloy of the invention were very close (0.9 to 1.1 times better) than those obtained with white iron with a high chromium content. These behaviors of abrasion wear resistance of the pearlitic alloy according to the invention allow the user costs associated with grinding to be notably reduced. Therefore, the simplification of the manufacturing processes, the reduction of the installation and operation costs and the reduction of the elements of the alloy in comparison with iron to the chromium provide a more economic fabí ication.
Claims (10)
1. - Alloy steel with a high carbon content, characterized in that its composition is the following expressed as percentage by weight: from 1.1 to 2.0% carbon; from 0.5 to 3.5% manganese; from 1.0 to 4.0% chromium; from 0.6 to 1.2% silicon, the rest being iron with the usual content of impurities, in such a way that it provides an allographic nifc structure that mainly comprises fine pearlite that is not in equilibrium, with a hardness between 47 Rc and 54 Rc .
2. Steel according to claim 1, further characterized in that s? Carbon content is between 1.2, and 2.0%.
3. Steel according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that its carbon content is between I > "i and 1.7%
4. Steel according to any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that its carbon content is of the order of 1.5%
5. Method for the manufacture of steel according to any of claims 1 to 4 further characterized in that an alloy steel of the given composition is subjected, after casting, to a heat treatment step consisting of cooling from a higher temperature- to 900 ° C to a temperature of about 500 ° C at a rate of cooling between Q a) and 1.90 ° C / s to confer said icroestucture to the oil consisting mainly of fine pearlite that is not in equilibrium and such that the hardness is between 47 Rc and 54 Rc. 6.- Method of In accordance with claim 5, further characterized in that the casting directly forms pieces that wear out particularly milling elements 7. Method according to claim 5 (/ racte) Furthermore, the perlitic structure is obtained by removing the still hot part from the casting mold and by adapting the chemical composition to the mass of the piece and the cooling rate after extraction from the mold. 8. The use of alloy steel according to any of claims 1 to 4, further characterized f-r-which is to obtain wear parts. 9. Use of alloy steel according to any of claims 1 to 4, further characterized in that it is obtained to obtain grinding balls in the order of 100 min in diameter, the composition of the alloy being: carbon in the order of 1.5%; manganese in the order of 1.5 to 3.0%; chrome in the order of 3.0%; silicon in the order of 0.8%. 10.- Use < The alloy steel in accordance with any of the above-mentioned grades 1 to 4 is further characterized because it is to obtain grinding balls in the order of 70 mrn 1? in diameter, the composition of the alloy being: carbon n < ? order of 1.5%; manganese in the order of 0.8 to 1.5%; (blunt in the order of 3.0%; silicon in the order of 0.3%.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE9400390 | 1994-04-18 | ||
| BE9400390A BE1008247A6 (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1994-04-18 | HIGH CARBON STEELS, PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE FOR WEAR PARTS MADE OF THIS STEEL. |
| PCT/BE1995/000036 WO1995028506A1 (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1995-04-14 | High carbon content steel, method of manufacture thereof, and use as wear parts made of such steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MX9604925A MX9604925A (en) | 1998-05-31 |
| MXPA96004925A true MXPA96004925A (en) | 1998-10-23 |
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