MXPA96000923A - Structural oscillation shock absorber systems maximum tension tensioning and minimapreestablec - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for absorbing structural oscillations by means of tensors at pre-established maximum and minimum tension, which is installed in any structure, and consists of one or more tensioners coupled to a shock absorber in order to stop the oscillatory movements of the structure When a structure suffers an elastic deformation due to the action of the force of an earthquake or wind, the fastening points to which the damping tensioners are attached meet or separate from each other, the tensioner damper will restrain the structure when the Clamping points are separated and will contract effortlessly when they are joined, the structural oscillation dampening system is composed of several damping tensors and each of these has the following elements: a rigid or flexible tensioner, cable, wire, chain or rod, and whose function is to extend the braking force of the shock absorber to the structure and in its maximum points of elastic deformation, each tensioner is arranged horizontally or vertically diagonally, inside or outside the structure, from end to end of it or in each rigid frame, can go free or tubed and accepts moderate changes of direction . Each shock absorbing tensor has the ability to adapt to the movements of elastic deformation of the structure, and return to its original position when it is at rest, two attachment points or anchors, which are both fixed in the structure, or only one and another outside of it, in these points of anchoring or anchoring the ends of the damper tensioner are firmly fastened, in addition it presents a shock absorber if the shock absorber is of the jacket and piston type, oil or pneumatic, has its movement of free contraction, without generating effort, and its stretching is resisted by the generation of mechanical work and friction, if the shock absorber is one or several pulleys, they will rotate freely or without effort in the direction of contraction of the tensioner, and generate mechanical work, friction or heat in the Stretch sense The shock absorber attached to the tensioner, and is installed at the upper or lower fastening point, or anywhere along the tensioner, also has a minimum tension element preset, its function is to maintain a minimum and constant tension on the damper tensioner, It will be maintained both in the movement of contraction and at rest, can be by the action of mechanical contraction of a spring, a shirt and piston element with pneumatic or hydraulic pressure or a weight, also has an excess release element of tension, which avoids excessive stresses and stresses on the structure, and give greater reliability to the shock absorber because the stresses and stresses it supports will not be exceeded. The tension-releasing element is made up of a closed-rope spring, which has no operation when the tension forces are low or adequate to the calculated stresses, it only starts its stretch when the preset maximum tension approaches its limit, the element The excess tension releaser can also be constituted by a hydraulic and pneumatic liner and piston element which, when tension is applied to its piston, will stretch it if the maximum voltage limits are reached, contracting again as soon as it is reduced. Excessive tension releasing element is installed at any point in the path of the shock absorber, the excess tension releasing element can be constituted within the same shock absorber if it has the ability to totally or partially release its piston when an excessive tension is reached.

Description

SHOCK ABSORBER SYSTEM OF STRUCTURAL OSCILLATIONS THROUGH MAXIMUM TENSION AND MINIMAL TIGHTENERS PRESET.

BACKGROUND) The current methods to stabilize buildings and other structures affected by seismic waves, seek to cushion them by installing at the junction of the base of their columns with their foundation of bearings with rollers; ball bearings with lateral control rods; bearings made of lead and steel sheets or lead steel and rubber; ft oil or high viscosity shock absorbers; systems of columns suspended on tensors, other systems are based on the endowment of certain degrees of freedom or independence, between a section of the structure and another, which converts the kinetic energy into friction, or in the endowment to the structure of certain degrees of plastic deformation and flexibility or, alternatively, of additional stiffness, basically by beams in X but that transmit higher maximum loads to the foundation. Another conceptually different system consists in the installation of a tilting counterweight in the upper part of the building which, when properly calibrated, generates a force in the opposite direction of the building's movements; It is the only system of those described above that offers an action against the oscillation of the wind, but consumes a minimum of 10% of the total mass of the building and a large amount of maintenance and space.

DESCRIPTION My invention called the structural oscillation damper system by pre-established maximum and minimum tension tensioners, consists of a technique to its application based on the installation of damped tensors in structures such as buildings, bridges, towers, tanks and all types of structures in the field of Civil Engineering.

As I mentioned in the summary, when moving the structure, either by the action of the wind or a seismic wave, it will return, thanks to the action of said tensioners, to its original position in a gradual or cushioned way, without allowing the acceleration that would take the structure to the opposite direction. Theoretically and according to my elaborated models, the maximum force required in the damper tensors is very low with respect to the building mass, given that the excessive tension is released, that is, the one that exceeds that which the damper tensor supports, (tension maximum preset) by the movement of the shock absorber and / or a spring that releases the excessive tension in case the amplitude of the movement or its speed exceeds the capacity of the damper; a valve that releases the piston in case of excessive tension could) have practically the same effect of avoiding an excess of tension that broke the tensioner, will damage the system or even worse to the structure, said spring can be eliminated, but the important thing is that the pre-established maximum tension is not exceeded at any time. Mexico is a country very susceptible to seismic movements, hence) that this invention is of special importance. The system can be installed in old or new buildings, with the only requirement of presenting a minimum of flexibility or movement in its structure. It is elementally economical for the low of its charges and the simple) of its components, which almost all already exist and only have to assemble them properly. The system can be installed end to end of the building or bie, sectioned by floors or combined.

The tensioners can be free (see fig.l model) or tube-shaped as a sheath and chirrion, and certain changes are allowed in the direction of the tensioner adapting to the nesecidades of space in the structure. ) FIGURE NO.l The simple model shown in figure 1, allows to understand clearly the kinetic energy of a building is absorbed in the dampers figure 2. The system allowed the reduction of the aplitude in more than 50% 'in each oscillatory cycle and the model never came into resonance. PARTS L Brick that represents the mass of a building. U Union of copper pipe. V Steel rod. ) R Closed rope spring that can be stretched but not compressed when in rest state, this gives a preset maximum tension that is equal to the force of the spring. T Sewing thread tensioner. V3 Glass filled with water that acts as a shock absorber jacket. ) FIGURE NO.2 DETAIL OF THE VESSEL WITH ITS SHOCK ABSORBER SYSTEM PARTS T2 Plastic cover. P Lead to fish to give a pre-set minimum tension. ) V2 Tinplate valve that opens at death and seals at rest and rise (this allows piston P3 to have a free decadent direction and a cushioned upward direction). To Water. P2 Contact glue.

P3 Piston (jelly cup) FIGURE NO.3 SHOCK ABSORBER SYSTEM BASED ON OIL SHOCK ABSORBERS. The shock absorber T receives a change of direction in a pulley (which can be eliminated if a spring is used instead of a weight to give the pre-established minimum tension). The weight always keeps the tensioner tense and sets the preset minimum tension. The spring of closed rope, releases the excess tension) when this is higher than the limits established for the tensioner as it is closed string, that is to say that they are joined to each other spirals, this spring will not act when the tension is low, allowing the shock absorber P3 and C to absorb all the work even if it is not necessary, it gives greater reliability to the system and a greater effort-work parameter to the shock absorber. The piston P3 has a cushioned upward direction that brakes the structure and the free decendente to allow a quick return, that always maintain the preset minimum tension and thus avoid chicotazos in the tensioner. ) T TENSOR PARTS. B Base for Pulley. P4 Steering change pulley. A2 Adjust. ) Weight or (spring) of pre-established minimum tension. R Spring rope closed release of excess voltage. P3 Damped damper piston with damped and descending direction. C Cushion shirt. ) A3 Anchorage.

FIGURE NO.4 Damper system by means of a free-running pulley and braking on the inverse, Figure 4 shows a braking system, with disc brake, although a braking system can be used by 5) half of shoes or high-quality materials. viscosity, all will have as a prerequisite that the pulley rotates freely in one direction and in the opposite direction, braked by an adjustable or calibrated partorsor brake, which allows to preset a maximum tension for the tensioner. The shock absorber system may be composed of one, two (like the one shown in figure 4) or more pulleys. Depending on the calculation of the pre-established maximum tension, the kinetic energy to be damped and the resistance of the materials used. The system is shown without a spring that releases excess tension, ) although it is not indipensable it gives an additional guarantee to the system. Likewise, although you can use the same tensioner cable wound on the pulleys, using chain and pulley with track for chain, the friction on the pulley-tensioner is minimized transmitting the maximum work to the disc-shoe. • > ft > T TENSOR PARTS. A2 Minimum tension adjustment. C Chain. B Base for pulleys and shoes. 25) p5 Pulley of direction in the hands of the free clock and brake by friction of disk and shoes in the inverse. P6 Same as PI but in inverse directions.

D Discs. Z Adjustable or calibrated pressure shoes. 0) R2 Spring or (weight) to establish the minimum tension to the tensioner.

A3 Anchorage.

FIGURE NO.5 and 6 It gave the versatility of installation of the system of damping tensioners, (T) that allows to consider both aesthetic and structural factors, shows only an idea of how a suspension bridge could be installed an oscillation damper system by means of tensioners at pre-established maximum and minimum tension. Figure 5 shows a side view and figure 6, the same structure seen through its lower face. T Buffer Tensioned.

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS FIRST CLAIMS.- Considered of my invention the installation in any structure of one or more tensioning systems that have the following characteristics:) A) .- A pre-established maximum tension, that is, calculated before the movement occurs, the c to by system action, at no time will be exceeded. B) .- A minimum tension, which allows the tensor to remain tense during the oscillatory period or at rest. C) .- Tensioner capacity to brake or limit the acceleration and speed "of the structure. D) .- Capacity of the tensioner, to adapt to the movements of the structure, and to return to its original position when it is at rest. SECOND CLAIMING.- In a tensioning system having the characteristics of the previous claim, I consider of my invention the installation of a closed rope spring whose force needed to initiate its stretching, is slightly less than the maximum force that the support tension system. THIRD REVINDICATION.- I consider of my invention a pulley with or without a track for a chain, which turns freely and in direction and braking or with) resistance in the other and whose braking force can be calibrated, giving a relatively known torque and / or a cushioned speed. FOURTH CLAIMING.- Considered of my invention the installation in structures of one or more pulleys that by turning in a free sense and braking or with resistance in the other allow the installation of one) or more tensioners that slow the movement of a structure. FIFTH CLAIMING.- Considered of my invention to a shock absorber and / or its installation in a structure, which has one or more of the following characteristics: a) .- That the stroke of its piston is greater than one meter with fifty centimentros. b) .- That the movement of his piston is cushioned towards the outside of his shirt and free (without resistance) to the interior, c) .- That has a capacity of variable damping, with respect to the tension that is applied, of so that when the tension increases in a given value, the effort decreases, d) .- That has a spring that keeps the piston totally contracted. RE S UMEN Large structures such as buildings or bridges suffer from the action of wind or earthquakes, an oscillating or pendulum movement that fatigued metal and added tremendous structural loads. The effort is increased if it enters into synchrony with the force that produces it, (resonance) which, in order to give flight to a swing, adds effort in each oscillation, damaging or demolishing the structure. The dampening system of structural oscillations by tensors at pre-established maximum and minimum tension, allows to decrease ^ in a controlled manner the speed and amplitude in each oscillatory cycle, until the structure is stopped, practically without adding weight or consuming space or energy. By distributing the forces throughout the oscillatory cycle, they therefore decrease at the maximum stress points. ) In case of excessive movement, the system releases the excess tension, avoiding the breakage of the tensioners or the transmission of an excessive load to the structure or its foundation.